Allele Dmel\Syn⁹⁷

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Syn⁹⁷	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0155774
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Syn

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	amorphic allele - molecular evidence, loss of function allele
Mutagen	P-element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - molecular evidence (Godenschwege et al., 2004) loss of function allele (Godenschwege et al., 2000)
Mutagen	P-element activity (Godenschwege et al., 2000, Godenschwege et al., 2004)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References deletion 3R:6,016,061..6,017,457 comment=Reported as a 1397bp deletion, which removes 349bp of untranstlated sequences, the 207bp first exon, and 841bp of the first intron. (Godenschwege et al., 2000, Godenschwege et al., 2004)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype	P{lacW}Syn^P1 (Godenschwege et al., 2004) P{lacW}Syn^P2 (Godenschwege et al., 2004) Syn^P1+P2 (Godenschwege et al., 2000)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference P-element mutagenesis using the Syn[P1+P2] strain containing the P{lacW}Syn[P1] and P{lacW}Syn[P2] insertions has resulted in precise excision of the P{lacW}Syn[P2] insertion together with an imprecise excision of the P{lacW}Syn[P1] insertion. The imprecise excision results in the deletion of 1397bp around the original insertion site. The deletion eliminates 349bp of the presumed promoter region including the putative transcription start site, the first known exon (207bp) and 841bp of the first intron, while the coding region remains unaffected. (Godenschwege et al., 2004) A precise excision of the P{lacW}Syn[P2] insertion present in the Syn[P1+P2] mutant, together with a 1.5kb deletion around the P{lacW}Syn[P1] insertion present in the Syn[P1+P2] mutant, eliminating the promoter and the first exon of the Syn gene. (Godenschwege et al., 2000)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	chemical resistant (Godenschwege et al., 2004) courtship behavior defective \| male (Godenschwege et al., 2004) fertile (Godenschwege et al., 2004) jump response defective (Godenschwege et al., 2004) learning defective (Michels et al., 2011) locomotor behavior defective (Godenschwege et al., 2004) memory defective (Godenschwege et al., 2004) optomotor response defective (Godenschwege et al., 2004) short lived (Godenschwege et al., 2000) viable (Godenschwege et al., 2004)
Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Syn[97] larvae show a 50% reduction in an odor-sugar associative learning paradigm, while are still able to taste, smell and move. Susceptibility to stress and olfactory adaptation are unchanged. (Michels et al., 2011) Mutants show no obvious anatomical defects in the synaptic neuropil of the adult brain. The number and ultrastructure of synaptic boutons at the neuroumuscular junction of muscles 12/13 and 6/7 is not significantly different in mutant larvae compared to wild type. The mean excitatory junction potential (EJP) amplitude at 0.5Hz stimulus frequency and the spontaneous miniature EJP amplitude and frequency at the mutant larval neuromuscular junction are normal. Wing beat frequency during tethered flight is significantly increased in mutant flies compared to controls. Mutant flies show increased walking activity compared to controls, with a significant difference in the early phase (60-120 minutes) but not in the late phase of activity. Optomotor responses of mutant flies are normal at low pattern speeds. However, fast moving patterns are followed significantly more efficiently by the mutant flies than by wild-type flies. Mutant flies habituate significantly faster than mutant flies in an olfactory jump assay in response to repeated benzaldehyde odour exposure. Mutant flies show a significantly higher ethanol tolerance than wild-type flies in an inebriometer assay. Mutant flies are slightly but significantly impaired in heat avoidance during training in the heat-box paradigm for place learning. Mutant flies perform significantly poorer than wild-type in a 3-minute memory test in an olfactory associative learning assay. Mutant male flies without mating experience court mated females significantly less persistently than do wild-type males during a 20-minute period. Like wild-type males, the mutant males stop courting males at the end of this period, demonstrating their ability to learn. However, after 30 and 180 minutes in isolation, the mutant males are significantly more likely than wild-type males to resume courting mated females during a 5-minute exposure, indicating a defect in memory. (Godenschwege et al., 2004) Syn[97] mutants appear wild-type in terms of adult morphology and vitality. Longevity is weakly reduced in Syn[97] mutants. (Godenschwege et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	Syn⁹⁷ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Syn^{1-12.Scer\UAS} (Michels et al., 2011) Syn⁹⁷ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Syn^{1-12.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B (Michels et al., 2011) Syn⁹⁷ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Mef2.247/Syn^{1-12.Scer\UAS} (Michels et al., 2011)
Not rescued by	Syn⁹⁷ is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Syn^{PKA-AA.Scer\UAS} (Michels et al., 2011) Syn⁹⁷ is not rescued by Syn^{1-12.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^GH146 (Michels et al., 2011) Syn⁹⁷ is not rescued by Syn^{1-12.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^NP0225 (Michels et al., 2011)
Comments	Pan-neuronal expression of Syn[1-12.Scer\UAS], under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav-C155] fully rescues associative learning in Syn[97] mutants. Pan-neuronal acute expression of Syn[1-12.Scer\UAS], through heat-shocking of flies carrying Scer\GAL80[ts.αTub84B] as well as Scer\GAL4[elav-C155] (where Scer\GAL80[ts.αTub84B] blocks expression until heat-shock), fully rescues the associative odor-sugar learning in Syn[97] mutants. Expression of Syn[1-12.Scer\UAS] in the mushroom bodies, under the control of Scer\GAL80[Mef2.PT], fully rescues the associative odor-sugar learning in Syn[97] mutants. Expression of Syn[1-12.Scer\UAS] in the projection neurons, under the control of either Scer\GAL4[GH146] or Scer\GAL4[NP0225], fails to rescue the associative odor-sugar learning in Syn[97] mutants. Pan-neuronal expression of Syn[1-12.Scer\UAS], under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav-C155] fails to rescue the associative learning defects found in Syn[97] mutants. (Michels et al., 2011)
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	29031 w^* P{GawB}MzVum; Syn⁹⁷
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 5 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Df(3)Synapsin⁹⁷ (Sanchez-Soriano et al., 2005) syn97 (Gerber et al., 2003) Syn⁹⁷ (Godenschwege et al., 2004, Godenschwege et al., 2000, Nuwal et al., 2011, Michels et al., 2011) syn⁹⁷ (Busch et al., 2009) Syn^97CS (Michels et al., 2011)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 9 )
Research paper	Michels et al., 2011, Learn. Mem. 18(5): 332--344 Cellular site and molecular mode of synapsin action in associative learning. [FBrf0213538] Nuwal et al., 2011, J. Proteome Res. 10(2): 541--550 Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Synapsins in Drosophila melanogaster and Identification of Novel Phosphorylation Sites. [FBrf0212952] Busch et al., 2009, J. Comp. Neurol. 513(6): 643--667 A map of octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila brain. [FBrf0207458] Sanchez-Soriano et al., 2005, Dev. Biol. 288(1): 126--138 Are dendrites in Drosophila homologous to vertebrate dendrites? [FBrf0190157] Godenschwege et al., 2004, Europ. J. Neurosci. 20(3): 611--622 Flies lacking all synapsins are unexpectedly healthy but are impaired in complex behaviour. [FBrf0179229] Kuppers-Munther et al., 2004, Dev. Biol. 269(2): 459--478 A new culturing strategy optimises Drosophila primary cell cultures for structural and functional analyses. [FBrf0174530] Lohr et al., 2002, J. Neurosci. 22(23): 10357--10367 Compartmentalization of central neurons in Drosophila: a new strategy of mosaic analysis reveals localization of presynaptic sites to specific segments of neurites. [FBrf0152141] Godenschwege et al., 2000, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 79(7): 495--501 Inflated wings, tissue autolysis and early death in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases mutants of Drosophila. [FBrf0129829]
Abstract	Gerber et al., 2003, Europ. Dros. Res. Conf. 18: K06 Associative learning in individually assayed Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0161838]

Allele Dmel\Syn97

Allele Dmel\Syn⁹⁷