Homozygous stage 16 embryos have over-elongated tracheal tubes, while heterozygotes have normal tracheal tube morphology.
Expression of serpGD6046 under the control of Scer\GAL4ppl.PP in a serpe02821/+ background results in abnormally elongated tracheal tubes.
Homozygous serpe02821 mutants do not exhibit any defects early in tracheal development. Dorsal trunk branches budded, fused, and dilated normally. However, during stage 15, the dorsal trunk begins to elongate inappropriately and becomes convoluted.
serpe02821 mutants show expanded and deformed cuticles, associated with a lack of cuticle rigidity.
serpe02821 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821 has cuticle phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821/Df(3L)Exel6135 has embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821/Df(3L)Exel6135 has embryonic/larval tracheal section phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821/Df(3L)Exel6135 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821/Df(3L)Exel6135 has cuticle phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821 has embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821 has embryonic/larval tracheal section phenotype, enhanceable by vermKG07819
serpe02821 is an enhancer of embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk phenotype of vermKG07819/Df(3L)Exel6135
serpe02821 is an enhancer of embryonic/larval tracheal section phenotype of vermKG07819/Df(3L)Exel6135
serpe02821 is an enhancer of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype of vermKG07819/Df(3L)Exel6135
serpe02821 is an enhancer of cuticle phenotype of vermKG07819/Df(3L)Exel6135
serpe02821, vermKG07819 has embryonic/larval cuticle phenotype
serpe02821, vermKG07819 has dorsal tracheal branch primordium phenotype
serpe02821, vermKG07819 has tracheal transverse connective primordium phenotype
vermKG07819/Df(3L)Exel6135, serpe02821 has dorsal tracheal branch primordium phenotype
Stage 16 serpe02821 vermKG07819 double mutant embryos show excessively elongated tracheae with long apical cell profiles.
Loss of chitin orientation is seen in the cuticle of serpe02821 vermKG07819 larvae, although layering of the cuticle is not affected.
serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 double mutants display an enhanced tracheal phenotype. The dorsal trunk begins to elongate excessively at stage 15 and by stage 16 is approximately 40% longer than normal and highly convoluted. Similar effects are observed in other branches including the transverse connective, although the effects are not as pronounced in smaller-caliber branches, such as the dorsal branch. While the apical (inner) cell surfaces are elongated in serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 mutants the basal (outer) side of tracheal cells does not appear to be similarly elongated and does not follow the tortuous path of the lumen. The tracheal pericellular-diffusion barrier is not compromised in serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 mutants.
serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 double mutants exhibit morphological defects in chitin structure, apparent by stage 14, several hours before the elongated-tube phenotype begins to manifest. In contrast to wild-type, in serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 trachea the fibrous structure of the chitin cylinder is abolished and the surface of the cylinder is irregular. Also, the small gap between the chitin cylinder and the apical surface is absent in serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 mutants. This double mutant also affects embryo body shape, presumably through altering the structure and rigidity of epidermal cuticle.
The phenotype of hemizygous serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 embryos (in trans to Df(3L)Exel6135) is indistinguishable from homozygous serpe02821 LCBP1KG07819 embryos. In contrast to the dramatic effects of the mutations on tracheal length and shape, there is little or no effect of the mutations on the diameter of the tubes. The dorsal trunk exhibits its characteristic posterior to anterior taper and is of normal caliber except for slight constrictions that are occasionally observed near dorsal trunk fusion joints.
serpe02821 is rescued by Scer\GAL4btl.PU/serpUAS.cLa.EGFP
serpe02821 is rescued by Scer\GAL4ppl.PP/serpUAS.cLa.EGFP
serpe02821 is rescued by Scer\GAL4twi.PU/serpUAS.cLa.EGFP
Expression of serpScer\UAS.cLa.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP under the control of either Scer\GAL4btl.PU, Scer\GAL4ppl.PP or Scer\GAL4twi.PU rescues the over-elongated tracheal tube phenotype seen in homozygous serpe02821 embryos.