The expression of fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.PU or Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP, but not Scer\GAL4^sr-md710, leads to significant muscle detachment in wandering third instar larvae, as compared to controls; expression under the control of Scer\GAL4^how-24B has no significant effect on muscle detachment as compared to controls, but leads to occasional muscle loss.

Expression of fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32, results in larvae that are viable and exhibit no further visible phenotype except the sporadic presence of small melanotic spots. The hemocyte count in fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} larvae is normal, but large aggregates of plasmatocyte and lamellocytes are detected in some hemolymph samples. fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} pupae display an abnormal shape. Large numbers of pupae are considerably elongated, with many of them showing a bend on the ventral side, causing a banana-shaped appearance. All normally shaped pupae survive into adulthood, whereas banana-shaped ones die as pupae. Approximately 45-50% of the pupae raised at 25^oC are elongated compared to wild-type pupae and show an unusual banana-like shape with the dorsal part bent upwards. This seemed to be connected to a defect in body retraction of late larvae prior to pupation , which attached to the vial walls with their anterior part only , while the posterior end was performing circular searching movements in the air. Spiracle eversion seems to be defective in most of these pupae, while the anterior end of the pupae is often heavily melanized . The penetrance of the phenotype increased at 29^oC. At this temperature, about 70 to 90 % of the fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} pupae are longer and less compact than wild-type pupae. Approximately 50 % of all pupae display the bowed shape associated with pupal lethality.

Expression of fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP results in pupae that display an abnormal shape. Large numbers of pupae are considerably elongated, with many of them showing a bend on the ventral side, causing a banana-shaped appearance. All normally shaped pupae survive into adulthood, whereas banana-shaped ones die as pupae. Approximately 54% of the pupae raised at 25^oC are elongated compared to wild-type pupae and show an unusual banana-like shape with the dorsal part bent upwards. This seemed to be connected to a defect in body retraction of late larvae prior to pupation , which attached to the vial walls with their anterior part only , while the posterior end was performing circular searching movements in the air. Spiracle eversion seems to be defective in most of these pupae, while the anterior end of the pupae is often heavily melanized . The penetrance of the phenotype increased at 29^oC. At this temperature, about 70 to 90 % of the fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} pupae are longer and less compact than wild-type pupae. Approximately 50 % of all pupae display the bowed shape associated with pupal lethality.

Pupae expressing fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP exhibit fragile cuticles.

Fibers from fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS}-treated hemolymph (where fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} is under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32) are less frequent and appear less compact and thinner compared to normal hemolymph.

The average size of the melanized spot in larvae treated with fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} (under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32) is bigger than in controls. Melanization spreads more widely from the wound site over the cuticle, while the central part of the wound is often insufficiently melanized. fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS}-treated larvae do not exhibit a higher mortality rate compared to controls.

The survival rate of fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} (under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32) flies is significantly weaker towards Gram-negative infections but is not different from controls in other types of infection.

Parasitization of flies treated with fon^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} (under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32) by the wasp Leptopilina boulardii generates a lamellocyte response and melanotic spots similar to that found in wild-type controls.

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has viable phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has abnormal wound healing phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has abnormal immune response phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has larva phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has pupa phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has pupal cuticle phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has pupal spiracle phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has hemolymph phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has larva phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP/Hml^dsRNA.UAS

fon^dsRNA.IR.UAS has pupal spiracle phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP/Hml^dsRNA.UAS