Allele Dmel\Cap-H2^Z3-0019

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Cap-H2^Z3-0019	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0219642
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Cap-H2

Allele class
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Hartl et al., 2008)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference A to T change in the first intron and a G to A mutation that changes a Trp residue to a stop codon. (Hartl et al., 2008) Nucleotide substitution: A?T. (Hartl et al., 2008) Nucleotide substitution: G?A. (Hartl et al., 2008) Amino acid replacement: W?@. (Hartl et al., 2008)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	male semi-fertile (with Cap-H2^Z3-5163) (Hartl et al., 2008) male sterile (with Cap-H2^TH1) (Hartl et al., 2008) male sterile (with Df(3R)Exel6159) (Hartl et al., 2008) meiotic cell cycle defective (Hartl et al., 2008) meiotic cell cycle defective (with Cap-H2^Z3-5163) (Hartl et al., 2008)
Phenotype Manifest In
	polytene chromosome & nurse cell (with Cap-H2^Z3-5163) (Hartl et al., 2008) polytene chromosome & nurse cell (with Df(3R)Exel6159) (Hartl et al., 2008) primary spermatocyte in meiotic anaphase I (with Cap-H2^TH1) (Hartl et al., 2008) primary spermatocyte in meiotic prophase I (with Cap-H2^TH1) (Hartl et al., 2008) spermatozoon (Hartl et al., 2008)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Polyteny persists in 100% of the nurse cells in stage 10 egg chambers of Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] and Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Df(3R)Exel6159 females (in contrast to wild-type nurse cells, which disassemble their polytene chromosomes during mid-oogenesis). (Hartl et al., 2008) Homozygous nurse cells do not exhibit an alteration in endocycling compared to controls; there is no significant difference in the number of homozygous and heterozygous nurse cells undergoing S phase per stage 5, 6, 10 and 11/12 egg chambers. Homozygous nurse cells do not show a change in DNA replication content compared to controls. Homozygous larval neuroblasts do not show a change in cell cycle regulation compared to controls (assayed using flow cytometry analysis). (Hartl et al., 2008) Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Df(3R)Exel6159 and Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] transheterozygous males are sterile. Cap-H2[Z3-0019] homozygous males are seemingly devoid of sperm, indicating a defect in gamete production. Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] mutants exhibit decreased fertility. There is no significant difference in male fertility between Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] and Cap-H2[Z3-5163]/+ males. Sex chromosome nondisjunction is not found in Cap-H2[Z3-0019], Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] or Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/+ mutants. Fourth chromosome segregation does not differ substantially between Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] and Cap-H2[Z3-0019] heterozygous control males. Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] mutants exhibit an elevated level of exceptional progeny where the second or third chromosomes are exceptional. in both cases the exceptional class most over represented are those from fertilization events involving sperm that lack a 2nd or 3rd chromosome. Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] and Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/+ mutants exhibit meiosis I nondisjunction. There may also be a slight increase in meiosis II nondisjunction. In male sterile mutants of the genotype Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1], chromosomal organizational steps throughout prophase I are defective, as normal territory formation is never observed in 100% of S2, S4, and S6 stages. Instead, chromatin is seemingly dispersed within the nucleus. No prophase I defects are observed in Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[Z3-5163] males, although subtle morphological changes may be difficult to detect. M1 of meiosis I may be morphologically abnormal in Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] mutants. Despite not forming normal chromosome territories and possibly never reaching normal M1 chromosomal structure, there are no unusual features detected in Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] male sterile metaphase I figures. Anaphase I is clearly not normal in Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] mutants, where bridges are often found between segregating sets of chromosomes. The frequency of these bridges occurs in a manner tha matches other phenotypic trends, found in 30.4% of the anaphase I figures for sterile Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] males, 11.5% for Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] males that are fertile yet undergo 2nd and 3rd chromosome loss, and never in the wild-type. Whereas bridging anaphase I figures are never observed in wild-type squashed chromosome preparations, bridging occurs in 40.5% of those from Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] mutant males. Of the total anaphase I figures from Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] mutant testes, 21.4% appear to have anaphase I bridging between homologous chromosomes. The 4th chromosome is bridged in 4.8% of anaphase I figures. As an expected outcome of cosegregation in meiosis I, aneuploidy in prophase II and anaphase II figures is observed. In onion stages from Cap-H2[Z3-0019] homozygotes, micronuclei are often observed which may be the manifestation of chromatin lost through anaphase I bridging. (Hartl et al., 2008) Cap-H2[Z3-0019] has no dominant effect on position effect variegation at the w locus caused by In(1)w[m4h]. (Sweeney et al., 2008)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Cap-H2^Z3-5163/Cap-H2^Z3-0019 has male semi-fertile phenotype, enhanceable by glu[+]/glu^k08819 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference Cap-H2^Z3-0019/Cap-H2[+] is an enhancer of visible \| dominant phenotype of Ubx^1:Cbx-1 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Df(3R)Exel6159/Cap-H2^Z3-0019 is a suppressor \| partially of body color defective phenotype of y^82f29/y^1#8 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Cap-H2^Z3-0019/Cap-H2^TH1 has primary spermatocyte in meiotic anaphase I phenotype, suppressible by tef^Z5549/tef^Z5864 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference Cap-H2^Z3-0019/Cap-H2[+] is an enhancer of polytene chromosome & nurse cell phenotype of Cap-D3^EY00456/Df(2L)Exel7023 (Hartl et al., 2008) Cap-H2^Z3-0019/Cap-H2[+] is an enhancer of wing phenotype of Ubx^1:Cbx-1 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Df(3R)Exel6159/Cap-H2^Z3-0019 is a suppressor \| partially of adult cuticle phenotype of y^82f29/y^1#8 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Other
Statement Reference Cap-H2^Z3-0019, glu[+]/glu^k08819 has polytene chromosome & nurse cell phenotype (Hartl et al., 2008)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The severity of the Ubx[1:Cbx-1]/+ wing phenotype is dominantly enhanced by Cap-H2[Z3-0019]; the proportion of flies that show blistering or necrosis of the wing is increased. The severity of the T(2;3)BTD71/+ wing phenotype is dominantly enhanced by Cap-H2[Z3-0019]; the proportion of flies that show withering at the posterior of the wing is increased. (Hartl et al., 2008) The persistence of polyteny that is seen in the nurse cells of stage 10 egg chambers of Cap-D3[EY00456]/Df(2L)Exel7023 females is enhanced by Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/+; the penetrance of the phenotype is enhanced from 91.3 +/- 2.3% to 100%. 77.3 +/- 9.1% of the nurse cells in stage 10 egg chambers of glu[k08819]/+ ; Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/+ double heterozygous females show persistence of polyteny, with the chromosomes having a loosened, but clear, polytene morphology. Body colour: The reduced body pigmentation seen in y[1#8]/y[82f29] flies is partially suppressed by Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Df(3R)Exel6159. (Hartl et al., 2008) A glu[k08819] heterozygous background lead to a substantial decrease in fertility for Cap-H2[Z3-5163]/Cap-H2[Z3-0019] mutants. While 30.4% of anaphase I figures from Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] males are bridged, bridging is found within only 10.8% of anaphase I figures in a heterozygous tef[Z5549]/tef[Z5864] background. In squashed preparations anaphase I bridging is decreased from 40.5% in Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] males to 25.6% in a heterozygous tef[Z5549]/tef[Z5864] background. The percent of anaphase I figures where homozygous chromosomes appear to be bridged decreases from 21.4 in Cap-H2[Z3-0019]/Cap-H2[TH1] mutants to 9.3% in a heterozygous tef[Z5549]/tef[Z5864] background. Fourth chromosomes-to-heterolog threads are greatly suppressed in a heterozygous tef[Z5549]/tef[Z5864] background. (Hartl et al., 2008)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	Cap-H2^Z3-5163 (Hartl et al., 2008)
Comments
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Cap-H2^Z3-0019 (Hartl et al., 2008, Hartl et al., 2008, Hartl et al., 2008) Z3-0019 (Sweeney et al., 2008)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 4 )
Research paper	Hartl et al., 2008, Science 322(5906): 1384--1387 Chromosome alignment and transvection are antagonized by condensin II. [FBrf0206308] Hartl et al., 2008, PLoS Genet. 4(10): e1000228 Condensin II resolves chromosomal associations to enable anaphase I segregation in Drosophila male meiosis. [FBrf0206059] Sweeney et al., 2008, Genetics 178(3): 1311--1325 Drosophila sticky/citron kinase is a regulator of cell-cycle progression, genetically interacts with Argonaute 1 and modulates epigenetic gene silencing. [FBrf0205282]
Supplementary material	Hartl et al., 2008, Science 322(5906): Supporting Online Material. [FBrf0206401]

Allele Dmel\Cap-H2Z3-0019

Allele Dmel\Cap-H2^Z3-0019