FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Allele: Dmel\TBPHΔ23
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\TBPHΔ23
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
FlyBase ID
FBal0221488
Feature type
allele
Associated gene
Associated Insertion(s)
Carried in Construct
Also Known As
tbphΔ23
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Genomic Maps

Nature of the Allele
Cytology
Description

Imprecise excision of the progenitor insertion, resulting in a deletion of 1616bp of genomic DNA with complete elimination of the inserted element. The breakpoints of the deletion are 2R:19748477-19750093 .

Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Curation Data
Type
Location
Additional Notes
References
Comment:

A 1616bp deletion resulting from the excision of P{EPgy2}TBPHEY10530. The P element was completely excised.

Variant Molecular Consequences
Associated Sequence Data
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
 
Expression Data
Reporter Expression
Additional Information
Statement
Reference
 
Marker for
Reflects expression of
Reporter construct used in assay
Human Disease Associations
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
 
Disease-implicated variant(s)
 
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Detailed Description
Statement
Reference

The few TBPHΔ23 homozygous adult escapers are short lived and show severely impaired locomotion compared to controls. Their third instar larval neuromuscular junction exhibits fewer branches and boutons than controls.

TBPHΔ23/+ adult flies also expressing TBPHdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa (together with UAS-Dicer2 to enhance RNAi efficiency) under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU display significant locomotor deficit in climbing assays.

TBPHΔ23 heterozygous adults exhibit a significant decrease in lifespan and a significant and progressive decrease in climbing performance (detected at day 45, but not day 5, post eclosion); 45 days old adults also exhibit a significant increase in spontaneous locomotor activity and a significant decrease in the number of PPL1 neurons, but not of PPM1/2 and PPM3 neurons, as compared to controls.

The third instar larval neuromuscular junctions of TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes exhibit significant increases in the density of dense core vesicles at synaptic terminal boutons, but do not present significant changes in the size of dense core vesicles at synaptic terminal boutons, in the size or number of terminal boutons, in the density of active zones at the terminal boutons, or in the number of synaptic vesicles at active zones, as compared to controls; the respective axonal dense core vesicles exhibit defective transport, as shown by the significant decrease in retrograde transport, but do not exhibit significant changes in size, as compared to controls. Neurotransmission across these neuromuscular junctions does exhibit significant defects in miniature excitatory junction potential frequency and amplitude, paired-pulse ratio, excitatory junction potential amplitude or quantal content, as compared to controls.

TBPH1/TBPHΔ23 transheterozygotes are semi-lethal and the eclosing adults are uncoordinated, are not able to climb and die within 5 days. These mutants also show impaired larval locomotion in crawling assays, as compared to controls.

TBPH1/TBPHΔ23 transheterozygotes show a decrease in axonal transport of mitochondria (i.e. a significant decrease in anterograde transport and a significant increase in the stationary fraction), but not of (NPY-positive) vesicles, in third instar larval motor neurons, as compared to controls.

The fraction of small neuromuscular junction (NMJ) boutons is significantly increased in TBPHΔ23 homozygotes and TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC610 third instar larvae and in the TBPHΔ23 homozygotes the overall NMJ area is also reduced. Number of NMJ boutons as well as the length of the longest NMJ branch is comparable to wild-type. It does not disrupt the axonal transport of tkv-mCherry particles (expressed using the tkvScer\UAS.RD.T:Disc\RFP-mCherry driven by Scer\GAL4VGlut.PD) but decreases particle stall duration compared to controls.

TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC610 third instar larvae display strongly reduced rates of larval crawling.

TBPHΔ23 mutant third instar larvae display reduced motility (measured as number of peristaltic waves per unit of time) compared to controls.

Expression of TBPHGD6943 under the control of Scer\GAL4repo.PU (in combination with Dcr-2 expression for efficient RNAi) in a TBPHΔ23 heterozygous background results in strong motility defects, as well as consistent reduction of life span, compared with wild-type

TBPHΔ142/TBPHΔ23 flies have significantly fewer CCAP/bursicon neurons (counted in the ventral nerve cord) than controls.

TBPHΔ23/TBPHΔ142 exhibit a decrease in the top size of synaptic T-bars and a fall in the number of tethered vesicles. The EJC amplitude and quantal content is not affected in these mutants.

TBPHΔ23/+ mutants do not exhibit significant climbing defects nor any significant reduction in life span, as compared to controls.

Flies expressing TBPHGD6943 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU in a TBPHΔ23/+ mutant background exhibit significant climbing defects, a severe reduction in life span, and degeneration of the neuropil, as compared to controls.

Flies expressing TBPHGD6943 in a TBPHΔ23/+ mutant background under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU, and restricted to the adult stage using Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B, exhibit progressive climbing defects and reduced lifespan.

Larvae expressing TBPHGD6943 under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU from the third instar larval stage onward (using Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B) in a TBPHΔ23/+ background) exhibit locomotor defects from 24 hours after the temperature shift. These alterations in fly motility are not associated with anatomical modifications in the number of synaptic boutons or motoneuron terminal branches at the NMJ, except for the presence of subtle alterations in the morphology of the synaptic boutons compared to controls.

The NMJ morphology of TBPHΔ23 mutant first instar larvae is similar to wild type. Presynaptic ramifications and muscular insertions in the mutant motor axons appear normal in. In contrast, significant abnormalities are observed in second instar larval NMJs, and these are even more evident at the third instar larval stage. Muscle development appears normal in TBPHΔ23 mutant flies; no differences in organ growth, cytoskeletal organisation or postsynaptic differentiation are observed.

TBPHΔ23 mutant synaptic boutons on muscles 6 and 7 in third instar larvae appear deformed and are irregularly spaced along the terminal axons with several fused or elongated silhouettes and clear loss of their characteristic round-smooth shape. There are fewer boutons and terminal branches per segment than in controls. Microtubule stability is significantly reduced in the distal boutons compared to controls.

Compared with controls, only about 20% of the expected TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants survive to adulthood. The escapers do not show any defects in eye, wing or genital development.

Compared with controls, TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants show a dramatic reduction of locomotor speed.

Compared with wild-type, the survival of TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants is markedly reduced.

Larval neuromuscular junction synapse morphology appears normal in TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants.

Homozygotes survive embryogenesis and more than 60% reach the pupal stage. However, only 21% of homozygotes eclose, with 32% becoming trapped in the pupal case. Homozygous adults that eclose are morphologically normal, but they have dramatic locomotive defects, in both walking and climbing assays.

Homozygous adults have a reduced lifespan compared to controls.

Flies expressing TBPHGD6943 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PLu in a TBPHΔ23/+ background show defects in both walking and climbing assays.

The number of type 1b and 1s boutons and the number of synaptic branches at the neuromuscular junction of muscles 6 and 7 is reduced in homozygous larvae compared to controls.

External Data
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Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement
Reference

The reduced climbing ability of adult flies heterozygous for TBPHΔ23 and also expressing TBPHdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa (together with UAS-Dicer2 to enhance RNAi efficiency) driven by Scer\GAL4elav.PU is strongly enhanced by co-expression of any of the following: CG42458GD16040, CG42458KK113285, sqdGD8593, rumpGD14202, rumpKK102889, CG30122KK100713 (which on their own do not affect adult locomotion), as well as by co-expression of: Hrb87FKK108162, gloGD12082, gloKK108457, hephGD10126, hephKK108057, HnRNP-KGD1382, HnRNP-KKK106619, smGD12545 and smKK108588 (which own their own also induce climbing ability defects that are synergistically enhanced by combination with the TBPH hypomorphic test line).

Animals expressing either Hrb27CGD6964 or Hrb27CKK109074 (together with UAS-Dicer2 to enhance RNAi efficiency) under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU in either wild-type or TBPHΔ23/+; TBPHdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa background are lethal.

Adult flies expressing either SypGD9477 or SypKK108062 (together with UAS-Dicer2 to enhance RNAi efficiency) under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU in either wild-type or TBPHΔ23/+; TBPHdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa background appear to be completely paralyzed.

The decreases in adult climbing performance and in lifespan exhibited by TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes or exhibited upon the expression of either DCTN1-p150Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 or DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4ple.PF or exhibited by TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes are fully or partially suppressed in individuals that simultaneously express either DCTN1-p150Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 or DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4ple.PF and are heterozygous for TBPHΔ23. The decreased number of PPL1 neurons in the adult brain, but not the spontaneous locomotion defects, presented by 45 days old TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes are also partially suppressed by the expression of either DCTN1-p150Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 or DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4ple.PF.

Individuals expressing DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42 in a TBPHΔ23 heterozygous background exhibit defects in the axonal transport of dense core vesicles at the third instar larval neuromuscular junction which are intermediate between the defects observed upon the expression of DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42 and the defects observed in TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes. These individuals also exhibit the same increase in the number synaptic vesicles at active zones in the third instar larval neuromuscular junction as upon the expression of DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42 alone, rather than the decrease in the number synaptic vesicles observed in TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes.

The increased density of dense core vesicles at distal terminal boutons in the third instar larval junction of TBPHΔ23 heterozygotes are enhanced by the Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42-driven expression of DCTN1-p150Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1, but not of DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1, wheres their increased density at proximal terminal boutons is partially and fully suppressed by the expression of DCTN1-p150Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 and DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1, respectively, under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42.

Heterozygosity for TBPHΔ23 suppresses the increased size of axonal dense core vesicles, and enhances the increased density of dense core vesicles in distal terminal boutons at the third instar larval neuromuscular junction of individuals expressing DCTN1-p150Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42.

Heterozygosity for TBPHΔ23 fully or partially suppresses the following third instar larval neuromuscular junction defects induced by the expression of DCTN1-p150G50R.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 : increased size of proximal terminal boutons, increased density of active zones at terminal boutons, decreased excitatory junction potential amplitude and decreased quantal content (Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6-driven expression); increased density of dense core vesicles in distal terminal boutons, but not in axons, and defective axonal transport of dense core vesicles (Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42-driven expression). Heterozygosity for TBPHΔ23 does not significantly suppress or enhance the following neuromuscular junction defects: increased size of distal terminal boutons, decreased number of synaptic vesicles at the active zone (Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6-driven expression); and increased size of dense core vesicles in axons (Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42-driven expression).

The semi-lethality and the decreased adult climbing capacity, but not the decreased third instar larval crawling capacity,observed in TBPH1/TBPHΔ23 transheterozygotes are suppressed by the expression of either cazScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG or cazP398L.10x.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42. The decreased axonal transport of mitochondria in their third instar larval motor neurons is also partially suppressed by the expression of cazP398L.10x.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG, but not cazScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG, under the control of Scer\GAL4CCAP.PI.

The larval crawling defects characteristic for TBPHΔ23/+ third instar larvae are significantly improved by expressing Rab11N124I.Scer\UAS under the Scer\GAL4VGlut.PD driver in the mutant background.

Expression of Eaat1Scer\UAS.Exel under the control of Scer\GAL4repo.PU in glia suppresses the motility defects observed in TBPHΔ23 mutant larvae.

Co-expression of Hrb98DEJF01249 enhances the climbing defects, shortened life span and neuropil degeneration seen in TBPHΔ23/+ flies expressing TBPHGD6943 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU.

Expression of TBPHGD6943 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU enhances the climbing defects, shortened life span and neuropil degeneration seen in TBPHΔ23/+ flies expressing Hrb98DEJF01249 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU.

TBPHΔ23/+ enhances the climbing defects and shortened life span seen in flies expressing Hrb98DEJF01249 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU.

Flies expressing Hrb98DEJF01249 under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU in a TBPHΔ23/+ background exhibit degeneration of the neuropil.

Expression of Syx1AScer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU rescues the locomotive defects seen in TBPHΔ23 mutant third instar larvae. The synaptic defects are also rescued. However, the expression of Syx1AScer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU is not sufficient to rescue the pupal lethality associated with TBPHΔ23.

Expression of Syx1AScer\UAS.cBa significantly suppresses the climbing defects seen in adult hypomorphic TBPH mutants (generated by expressing TBPHGD6943 in adult flies under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU and Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B, in a TBPHΔ23/+ background).

Expression of Map205GD8458 under the control of Scer\GAL4nSyb.PU suppresses the late pupal lethality seen in TBPHΔ142/TBPHΔ23 mutants.

One copy of futschN94 prevents expression of TBPHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU from rescuing the reduction in bouton number and terminal branches seen in muscles 6 and 7 of homozygous TBPHΔ23 third instar larvae. futschN94/+ also prevents TBPHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG from restoring microtubule stability in the TBPHΔ23 mutant flies.

Neuronal overexpression of cazScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4elav-C155 in TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants restores their eclosion rate and longevity to levels not significantly different from that of wild-type animals.

Although overexpression of cazScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4elav-C155 in TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants significantly improves their locomotion velocity, these animals are still significantly slower than controls.

The level of NMJ expansion induced by the overexpression of cazScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG via Scer\GAL4Rapgap1-OK6 is not affected by TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660.

Xenogenetic Interactions
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Reference

The semi-lethality and the decreased third instar larval crawling capacity, but not the decreased adult climbing capacity, observed in TBPH1/TBPHΔ23 transheterozygotes are suppressed by the expression of either Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG or Hsap\TARDBPM337V.Scer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4CCAP.PI. The decreased axonal transport of mitochondria in their third instar larval motor neurons is also suppressed by the expression of either Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG or Hsap\TARDBPM337V.Scer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4CCAP.PI.

Scer\GAL4repo.PU>Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG-expression partially rescues the locomotory defects in TBPHΔ23 mutants.

Expression of Hsap\TARDBPG287S.Scer\UAS.cVBa, Hsap\TARDBPA315T.Scer\UAS.cVBa, Hsap\TARDBPD169G.Scer\UAS.cVBa, Hsap\TARDBPA90V.Scer\UAS.cVBa or Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.cVBa driven by Scer\GAL4nSyb.PU equally partially rescue pupal lethality (around 50% of flies expected by a full rescue eclose) in TBPHΔ142/TBPHΔ23 mutants. However, the median lifespan of surviving TBPHΔ142/TBPHΔ23 flies with expression of Hsap\TARDBPA90V.Scer\UAS.cVBa, Hsap\TARDBPA315T.Scer\UAS.cVBa or Hsap\TARDBPG287S.Scer\UAS.cVBa is significantly lower than flies with expression of Hsap\TARDBPD169G.Scer\UAS.cVBa or Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.cVBa (driven by Scer\GAL4nSyb.PU); all genotypes display shorter lifespan than controls. Expression (driven by Scer\GAL4nSyb.PU) of Hsap\TARDBPD169G.Scer\UAS.cVBa or Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.cVBa (but not Hsap\TARDBPA90V.Scer\UAS.cVBa, Hsap\TARDBPA315T.Scer\UAS.cVBa or Hsap\TARDBPG287S.Scer\UAS.cVBa) suppresses the loss of bursicon neurons seen in TBPHΔ142/TBPHΔ23 mutants.

Expression of Hsap\MAPTScer\UAS.cWa in neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU significantly rescues the reduction in bouton number and terminal branches seen in muscles 6 and 7 of homozygous TBPHΔ23 third instar larvae. The rescued boutons are round with a smooth outline and beaded appearance like wild type controls. The lack of microtubule stability in distal presynaptic structures is also rescued by Hsap\MAPTScer\UAS.cWa. However, pan-neuronal expression of Hsap\MAPTScer\UAS.cWa is not able to rescue the larval motility defects seen in TBPHΔ23.

Neuronal expression of Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.x10.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4elav-C155 completely suppresses the locomotory, life span and viability defects in TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants.

Expression of Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4D42 partially rescues the reduced lifespan of TBPHΔ23 flies.

Expression of Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of either Scer\GAL4elav.PLu or Scer\GAL4D42 rescues the walking and climbing defects of TBPHΔ23 flies.

The reduced number of synaptic branches and of type 1s and 1b boutons which are seen at the neuromuscular junction of muscles 6 and 7 in TBPHΔ23 larvae are rescued by expression of Hsap\TARDBPScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4D42.

Complementation and Rescue Data
Comments

The semi-lethality and the decreased third instar larval crawling capacity, but not the decreased adult climbing capacity, observed in TBPH1/TBPHΔ23 transheterozygotes are rescued by the expression of TBPHScer\UAS.10x.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus under the control of Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42. The decreased axonal transport of mitochondria in their third instar larval motor neurons is also partially rescued by the expression of TBPHScer\UAS.10x.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus under the control of Scer\GAL4CCAP.PI.

Glial expression of TBPHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4repo.PU significantly rescued the morphological defects in glial shape, the alterations in locomotive behavior and the life span reduction associated with TBPHΔ23 from larval stages to adulthood.

Expression of TBPHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO (fed 0.05 or 0.25ul RU486 throughout the larval stages) is sufficient to rescue the larval locomotion, NMJ growth and cytoskeletal defects in synaptic boutons seen in TBPHΔ23 mutants. No rescue is seen when the flies are fed low doses of RU486 of ethanol. When expression is restricted to either 48 or 72 hours after egg laying the larval locomotion and NMJ assembly is not rescued at the third instar larval stage. Rescue can occur when drug treatment ends 12 hours prior to measurement.

Expression of TBPHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4D42 significantly rescues the reduction in bouton number and terminal branches seen in muscles 6 and 7 of homozygous TBPHΔ23 third instar larvae. The lack of stable microtubules in TBPHΔ23 mutant distal boutons is also rescued.

Expression of TBPHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU significantly rescues the reduction in bouton number and terminal branches seen in muscles 6 and 7 of homozygous TBPHΔ23 third instar larvae. The lack of stable microtubules in TBPHΔ23 mutant distal boutons is also rescued.

Expression of TBPHF-L150-152.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4D42 fails to rescue the reduction in bouton number and terminal branches seen in muscles 6 and 7 of homozygous TBPHΔ23 third instar larvae. The defects in microtubule stability are also not rescued. Fly motility, including larval movement, adult flies walking and climbing, is partially rescued.

Neuronal expression of TBPHScer\UAS.10x.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus under the control of Scer\GAL4elav-C155 fully rescues the locomotory defects, reduced viability and longevity phenotypes of TBPHΔ23/Df(2R)BSC660 mutants.

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References (27)