eye disc, with Scer\GAL4T113
head, with Scer\GAL4c409
mesothoracic tergum & chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253
wing, with Scer\GAL4c409
wing | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4A9
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
The expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 does not to any changes in the size of third instar larval wing discs, as compared to controls.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4C587 (keeping flies at low temperature to minimize the GAL4 activity during development) results in tumorous female germaria.
Mutant wing disc clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU grow well and do not show neoplastic transformation.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4salm-EPv, Scer\GAL4nub.PK, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 or Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 results in a reduction in adult wing size in both an autonomous and nonautonomous manner. Cell size is not significantly different from wild type at either larval or adult stages. The most prominent reduction in size is visible along the proximal-distal axis of growth.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 or Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 autonomously reduces cell proliferation (as judged by BrdU, mus209 or phospho-His3 expression) in the prospective wing blade of the wing disc, while autonomously and non-autonomously increasing proliferation in the prospective wing hinge. vg-expressing cells in the wing hinge results in tubular outgrowths.
The area of cell clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL (generated using the MARCM technique) increases proportionally with the distance to the dorsal-ventral boundary of the wing disc in a continuous manner. This same trend is detected with their associated twin clones, suggesting that differences in vg expression between neighboring cells drives cell proliferation autonomously and non-autonomously.
In wing discs expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4Dll-md23, mitoses and proliferating cells are preferentially located at the juxtaposition of mutant and wild type cells.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4ap-md544, Scer\GAL4en-e16E, Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 or Scer\GAL4salm-EPv accelerates the G1-S phase transition.
Cell clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL (generated using the MARCM technique) have a significantly shorter doubling time (higher rate of proliferation) in the prospective wing hinge of the wing disc compared to controls or vg-expressing clones in the prospective wing blade.
Clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL show normal rates of survival in the wing disc.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653 leads to the appearance of wing-like bristles and trichomes on the haltere.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4Ubx-lac1-Gal4 causes a high degree of haltere-to-wing transformation as the capitellum of the halteres produce many wing margin-type bristles.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the regulation of Scer\GAL4ey.PB results in ectopic wings in the eye field with wing hair but not wing margins.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 results in defects in thorax closure. Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4sca-C253 results in duplications of chaetae in the notum.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653 results in a high degree of haltere to wing transformations.
When vgScer\UAS.cKa clones are made in the wing disc (driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI) produces clones with a rounded appearance.
Clones in the wing disc expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tend to sort out from the disc.
vgScer\UAS.cKa; Scer\GAL41151 flies have defective direct flight muscles. In particular muscles 51 and 52 are always missing. In contrast, the indirect flight muscles develop normally (9/10 examined).
When vgScer\UAS.cKa is over-expressed in clones in the wing disc, driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, clones that are in the wing hinge region tend to be somewhat larger than control clones. In contrast, clones that are nearer the dorsal-ventral boundary the wing pouch are often much smaller than control clones. the average size of these clones increases withy distance from the dorsal-ventral border. vgScer\UAS.cKa overexpression clones in the wing disc are more rounded and have smoother borders than control clones. Within the wing region of the disc, the influence on clone shape is graded: clone that are near the dorsal-ventral wing border generally continue to have irregular shapes, while clones that are far from the border are more circular.
The wing disc is overgrown, especially in regions corresponding to the presumptive wing blade, in animals expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1.
The dorsal side of the wing pouch is reduced in size in larvae expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4A9. Larvae expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4c719a or Scer\GAL4T113 have small wing discs. Larvae expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4T113 have enlarged eye discs.
Flies expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 show massive outgrowth of wing tissue from the eye. Flies expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 at 29oC show a slight reduction in wing size.
Flies expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 show transformation of the mesothoracic leg to wing. The transformed structure may contain wing margin bristles and hairs in the "blade" region of the structure are also of wing identity. These flies also show transformation of the metathoracic leg to haltere, the transformed structure having hair morphology and density similar to that found on the haltere. The structure may also contain capitellar sensillae.
When expression is governed by Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, wing-like outgrowths form in the ventral portion of the eye. When expression is governed by Scer\GAL4E132, wing-like growths form in the second leg, from the base of the tibia, and from the antenna (segments 2 and 3). When expression is governed by Scer\GAL4c409, outgrowths from the head capsule show wing-like hairs. Adult wings of various Scer\GAL4-driver vgScer\UAS.cKa combinations are disorganized, small and blistered/ballooned.
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has visible | homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4C587, vgUAS.cKa has tumorigenic | female | adult stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by ykiUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4C587
Scer\GAL4C587, vgUAS.cKa has tumorigenic | female | adult stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4C587/TgiHMS00981
Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, l(2)gl4, vgUAS.cKa has FlyBase_internaltransgene_features:cell lethal:cell lethal | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by ykiUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
Scer\GAL4unspecified, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has size defective phenotype, suppressible | partially by Df(3L)H99
Scer\GAL4unspecified, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has size defective phenotype, suppressible | partially by pucUAS.cMa/BacA\p35UAS.cHa, Scer\GAL4unspecified
Scer\GAL4A9, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has size defective | larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4A9/wgUAS.cLa
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has visible phenotype, suppressible by sd58d
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has visible phenotype, suppressible | partially by sdUAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL, vgUAS.cKa is an enhancer of cell lethal phenotype of cpa43D
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa is an enhancer of visible | homeotic phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096/vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of tumorigenic | third instar larval stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096, dlg1HMS01954
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor | partially of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, sdUAS.cSa
Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL, fz2C1, fz15, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has increased cell death phenotype
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, dppUAS.cFa, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has lethal | pharate adult stage phenotype
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing hair phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing margin bristle phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has haltere phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/dppUAS.cFa
vg83b27-R, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1/SerUAS.cSa
Scer\GAL4C587, vgUAS.cKa has germarium phenotype, suppressible | partially by ykiUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4C587
Scer\GAL4C587, vgUAS.cKa has germarium phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4C587/TgiHMS00981
Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, l(2)gl4, vgUAS.cKa has wing disc | proximal | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by ykiUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
Scer\GAL4unspecified, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Df(3L)H99
Scer\GAL4unspecified, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by pucUAS.cMa/BacA\p35UAS.cHa, Scer\GAL4unspecified
Scer\GAL4A9, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing disc phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4A9/wgUAS.cLa
Scer\GAL4A9, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing disc | larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4A9/wgUAS.cLa
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by sd58d
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has eye phenotype, suppressible by sd58d
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has eye phenotype, suppressible | partially by sdUAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing | ectopic phenotype, suppressible | partially by sdUAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, l(2)gl4, vgUAS.cKa has wing disc | distal | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ykiUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL, vgUAS.cKa is an enhancer of wing disc | somatic clone phenotype of cpa43D
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa is an enhancer of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa is an enhancer of wing margin bristle phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa is an enhancer of haltere phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, dppUAS.cFa
Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096/vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing disc | third instar larval stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096, dlg1HMS01954
Scer\GAL4Tub.PU/vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing disc | somatic clone phenotype of ykiB5
vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4vg.boundary is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4vg.boundary, sdΔ200.UAS, sd58d
vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4vg.boundary is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4vg.boundary, sd58d, sdUAS.cSa
vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4vg.boundary is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4vg.boundary, sdETX4, sdUAS.cSa
vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4vg.boundary is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4vg.boundary, sdΔ200.UAS, sdETX4
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Su(H)8/Su(H)2
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of apUGO35
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of wgl-16/wgl-17
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of SerCS94/SerRX106
Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Su(H)8/Su(H)2
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgUAS.cKa is a suppressor | partially of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, sdUAS.cSa
vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, SerUAS.cSa, vgUAS.cKa is a non-suppressor of wing disc phenotype of Su(H)8/Su(H)2
Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, l(2)gl4, vgUAS.cKa has wing disc | proximal | somatic clone phenotype
Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, l(2)gl4, vgUAS.cKa has wing disc | distal | somatic clone phenotype
Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL, fz2C1, fz15, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing disc phenotype
NICN.UAS, Scer\GAL4T113, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has eye disc phenotype
NICN.UAS, Scer\GAL4T113, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has imaginal disc phenotype
NICN.UAS, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has imaginal disc phenotype
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, SerRX106, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, Su(H)8, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, SerUAS.cSa, vg83b27-R, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype
Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, Su(H)8, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1, Su(H)2, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype
Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, Su(H)2, vgScer\UAS.cKa/vgUAS.cKa has wing phenotype
The co-expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa suppresses the tumor phenotype and tissue disorganization resulting from the expression of dlg1HMS01954 under the control of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096.
The tumorous germaria phenotype induced by Scer\GAL4C587-driven expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa is partially rescued by co-expression of either ykiScer\UAS.cHa or TgiHMS00981.
Distal wing disc clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU in a l(2)gl4 mutant background show rapid elimination and are rarely recovered. Proximal clones are more often recovered but also undergo cell death and basal extrusion. No neoplastic transformation is seen.
Expression of ykiScer\UAS.cHa does not suppress the poor recovery rate of distal wing clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU in a l(2)gl4 mutant background. Extensive cell death is still seen. Survival of proximal clones is somewhat improved, but unlike in l(2)gl4 mutant clones alone, neoplastic transformation is still not observed until day four of clone induction and the clones display dense cell packing and compact nuclear morphology.
Homozygous ykiB5 clones which are also expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4tub.PU are readily recovered in the wing blade.
Inhibition of cell death, by using a Df(3L)H99 background, only slightly rescues the wing growth defects seen in vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4unspecified flies.
Cell clones expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL that are also mutant for fz15 and fz2C1 (generated using the MARCM technique) are present in the wing disc 48 hours after heat-shock, with increased clone size further away from the dorsal-ventral boundary. However, at 72 hours after heat shock these mutant clones disappear as a result of cell death. Nonautonomous effects on growth and patterning are also seen in these mutant wing discs.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in cpa43D mutant clones leads to the extrusion of the clones from all regions of the wing disc, rather than from just the wing blade primordium.
Coexpression of dppScer\UAS.cFa and vgScer\UAS.cKa, both under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, leads to an enhancement of the haltere-to-wing transformation seen when either transgene is expressed alone. Almost all haltere cells are transformed to wing-type cells as seen by the large number of bristles and trichomes. The phenotype is fully penetrant in pharate adults and flies expressing both transgenes are lethal at the pharate adult stage.
The defective wing phenotypes seen when sdScer\UAS.cSa or sdΔ200.Scer\UAS are expressed under control of Scer\GAL4vg.boundary in sdETX4 and sd58d mutants is alleviated when vgScer\UAS.cKa is overexpressed.
Expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653 in a Ubxunspecified/+ background results in enhanced transformation of the haltere to wing.
The wing pouch phenotype seen in larvae expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4A9 is significantly rescued if the larvae are also carrying wgScer\UAS.cLa. Larvae expressing both NICN.Scer\UAS and vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4T113 show striking overgrowth of the eye discs. Other imaginal discs also show overgrowth. This overgrowth phenotype is also seen if the Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 driver is used instead of Scer\GAL4T113.
Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1-mediated expression in apUGO35 rescues loss of wing phenotype. Mediated expression in SerCS94/SerRX106 flies substantially rescues the wing blade phenotype. Mediated expression in wgl-16/wgl-17 flies restores the wing. Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1-mediated or Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1-mediated expression substantially rescues the wing blade phenotype of Su(H)2/Su(H)8 flies. Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1-mediated co-expression of vgScer\UAS.cKa and SerScer\UAS.cSa leads to significant induction of an ectopic wing margin in vg83b27-R mutants.
The overgrowth of wing tissue in the eye seen in flies expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 is partially suppressed if the flies are heterozygous for sd58d and completely suppressed if the flies are hemizygous for sd58d. The phenotype is also partially suppressed if the flies are also coexpressing sdScer\UAS.cSa. Partially suppresses the loss of wing tissue phenotype seen in flies expressing sdScer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 at 29oC.
Restores wing outgrowth to ap- flies. In a mwh mutant background all Scer\GAL4-driver vgScer\UAS.cKa induced outgrowths show a mwh tufted phenotype.
Inhibition of cell death, through co-expression of BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa and pucScer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4unspecified, only slightly rescues the wing growth defects seen in vgScer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4unspecified flies.
Scer\GAL4N23, vgScer\UAS.cKa, vgUAS.cKa partially rescues vg1
vg1/vg1 animals expressing vgScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4N23 show partial rescue of the wing phenotype, but the rescued wing blades do not have margin bristles.