Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It consists of two structural domains: the F
1 sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the F
0 sector, which spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. The F
0 sector consists of an integral membrane proton-conducting channel and a peripheral stalk domain. (Adapted from
PMID:21874297).