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Gene Dmel\Abl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Abl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Abl tyrosine kinase	Annotation symbol	CG4032
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000017
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	73B1-73B4	Sequence location	3L:16,615,461..16,641,674 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Abl tyrosine kinase is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Abl (CG4032, FBgn0000017). It has the cytological map location 73B1-73B4. Its sequence location is 3L:16615461..16641674. Its molecular function is described as: protein-tyrosine kinase activity; protein binding; ATP binding; non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity. It is involved in the biological processes described with 11 unique terms, many of which group under: anatomical structure development; cellular macromolecule metabolic process; biopolymer modification; protein modification process; regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis; embryonic morphogenesis; regulation of biological process; regulation of protein stability; phosphorus metabolic process; ventral furrow formation; embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm; central nervous system development; regulation of protein localization; cell motility; regulation of metabolic process; regulation of cell morphogenesis. 39 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 20 unique terms, many of which group under: nervous system; organ system; peripheral nervous system; embryonic nervous system; commissure; antennal segment; extended germ band embryo; adult segment; integumentary system; ventral furrow; embryonic neuron; late extended germ band embryo. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Abl: Cellular abl oncogene sequence Considered to be the Drosophila sequence homologous to mammalian c-abl based both on its origin and amino acid sequence as inferred from its nucleotide sequence. ABL protein detected at the time of germ-band shortening in the axons of the central nervous system in a bilateral symmetrical series of points that correspond to the positions of neuromeres; later, protein appears in the axons growing across the midline, but not in the cell bodies of the CNS nor in the PNS. As development proceeds, staining of the longitudinal fascicles and to a lesser extent the commissural fascicles becomes intense; staining also seen in association with axonal outgrowth of neural cells in the eye imaginal disk (Bennett and Hoffmann). Recessive alleles in combination with Df(3L)st-j7 = Df(3L)73A1-2;73B1-2 either die as late pupae or pharate adults with complete cuticle and roughened eyes, Abll1, or as short lived (5-6 days), rough-eyed adults, Abll2 and Abll3. Surviving females lay few eggs, some of which develop into adults; surviving males have motile sperm, but do not mate and produce no progeny. The rough eye is a reflection of some loss of photoreceptor cells plus ommatidial fusion. In combination with a deficiency extending further to the left, e.g., Df(3L)std11 = Df(3L)73A11-B1;73D1-2 to include the locus of Dab, Abll/Abl- genotypes die as late embryos or early first-instar larvae with disrupted axonal organization in the ventral nerve cord (Henkemeyer, Gertler, Goodman, and Hoffmann, Cell 51: 821-28). CNS of doubly deficient embryos, i.e., Abl- Dab-, fails to form commissures and is defective in axonal outgrowth, although the PNS develops normally.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 73B1-73B4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j10E8j10E8&P{PZ}l(3)1053210532 and P{PZ}Baldspot02281
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 73B1-73B2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 73B1-73B2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 73B-73B (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Telford et al., 1985)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	st (Henkemeyer et al., 1987)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References Overall orientation not stated: anon-73B+ Abl+ (Segev et al., 1988)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Abl for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
	DGC clone appears problematic: [DGC: ] LD03455 contains a frameshift (-C) at position 16621599 leading to shortened ORF relative to annotation.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Abl-RA FBtr0075357  NM_080104   6707   1620 Abl-RB FBtr0112790  NM_001104153   6761   1638
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.0, 5.5-6.0 (northern blot) (Kimchie et al., 1989)
Comments	Abl transcripts are stated as being 5 and 3.3 kb, although a previous report (FBrf0041478) cited by the authors discusses only a 6.2 kb transcript. (Segev et al., 1988)
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Abl-PA   FBpp0075116   171.6   1620   7.83     NP_524843   AAF49431 Abl-PB   FBpp0111702   173.6   1638   8.10     NP_001097623   ABW08554
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	180 (kD) (Henkemeyer et al., 1990)
Comments	Studies of mutated Abl proteins reveal that sequences in the carboxy terminus mediate axonal localization. Disruption of proper subcellular localization correlates with lack of Abl biological function. A novel kinase-independent function of the Abl protein has been identified. (Henkemeyer et al., 1990) ena protein is a substrate for Abl tyrosine kinase. (Gertler et al., 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000017
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Protein kinase, core (IPR000719) SH2 motif (IPR000980) Tyrosine protein kinase (IPR001245) Src homology-3 (IPR001452) Tyrosine protein kinase, active site (IPR008266) Protein kinase-like (IPR011009) F-actin binding (IPR015015) Protein kinase ATP binding, conserved site (IPR017441)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201616   AA202859   AA940880   AE003526 AAF49431   AI113570   AI518280   AI532695   AI533233   AI542114   AI543823   AQ025279   AQ026201   AW941522   AY058497 AAL13726   BE975309   BG638955   BG641297   BP540545   BP540546   CL943582   CO188902   CO191002   CO276863   CO281659   CO283610   CO343123   CZ469757   CZ469794   CZ473864   CZ481307   CZ484252   CZ485935   EC051977   EC053296   EC053408   EC054535   EC054981   EC055038   EC056243   EC069565   EC080732   EC202775   EC209182   EC213853   EC221692   EC225689   EC233780   EC243607   EC245337   K01042 AAA28443   LD39618   M19690 AAA28934   M19691 AAA28934   M19692 AAA28934   X06691
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P00522
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	GH09917 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 2000-, Fox and Peifer, 2007) LD03455 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-) D1119 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 3814
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  prepupal stage-pupal stage   (Wadsworth et al., 1985)  oogenesis stage,adult stage | female  ovary (Wadsworth et al., 1985)  embryonic stage   (Wadsworth et al., 1985)  adult stage | female   (Wadsworth et al., 1985)  oogenesis stage,adult stage  oocyte (Kimchie et al., 1989)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage  embryonic central nervous system (Grevengoed et al., 2001)  embryonic stage | late  epithelial cell (Grevengoed et al., 2001)  embryonic stage  adepithelial cell (Grevengoed et al., 2001)  embryonic stage | early  epithelial cell | apical (Grevengoed et al., 2001)  embryonic stage  axon (Grevengoed et al., 2001)  embryonic stage  imaginal disc (Grevengoed et al., 2001)  embryonic stage  embryonic central nervous system (Henkemeyer et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	axon (Henkemeyer et al., 1990)
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI543823 AI113570
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000017 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0000017 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000017
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable AblEY13532 viable | reduced (with Df(3L)st-j7) Abl1 Abl2 viable, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev AblScer\UAS.cFa lethal (with Df(3L)st-j7) Abl1 lethal (with Abl1) Abl4 lethal (with Abl4) Abl1 lethal | recessive Abl04674 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive | rescuable maternal effect Abl1 Abl4 lethal | pupal stage Abl3 lethal | pupal stage (with Abl1) Abl4 lethal | pupal stage (with Abl4) Abl1 lethal | pupal stage | recessive Abl1 Abl2 semi-lethal | recessive Abll1 Abll2 Abll3 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type Abl+mTnabl-ala Abl+mTnabl-lys Abl+mTnabl-ts Abl+mTnabl visible | recessive Abl4 visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev AblScer\UAS.cFa visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF AblScer\UAS.cFa cell shape defective, with Scer\GAL4MtnA.PU AblScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP mitotic cell cycle defective | maternal effect Abl4 neuroanatomy defective Abl1 Abl2 Abl4 AbldsRNA.cLa Ablunspecified neuroanatomy defective (with Abl1) Abl4 neuroanatomy defective (with Abl4) Abl1 neuroanatomy defective | recessive Abl4 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu AblScer\UAS.cFa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 AblScer\UAS.cFa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf AblScer\UAS.cFa Sterility Allele fertile AblEY13532 fertile, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev AblScer\UAS.cFa Phenotype manifest in Allele commissure Abl1 Abl2 AbldsRNA.cLa Ablunspecified longitudinal connective Abl1 Abl2 Ablunspecified embryonic central nervous system Abl1 Abl2 Abl4 Ablunspecified anterior fascicle Abl1 Abl2 commissure (with Abl4) Abl1 anterior fascicle (with Abl4) Abl1 Abl2 longitudinal connective (with Abl4) Abl1 Abl2 ventral nerve cord commissure (with Abl4) Abl1 embryonic neuron Abl2 Abl4 central nervous system Abl2 follicle cell & actin filament | somatic clone Abl4 follicle cell | somatic clone Abl4 spindle & cleavage stage embryo | maternal effect Abl4 actin cytoskeleton & embryo | maternal effect Abl4 ommatidium Abl4 Abll2 Abll3 interommatidial bristle Abl4 eye photoreceptor cell Abl4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal Abl4 dorsal closure embryo Abl4 Ablunspecified extended germ band embryo Abl4 Ablunspecified ventral furrow | non-rescuable maternal effect Abl4 commissure (with Abl1) Abl4 anterior fascicle (with Abl1) Abl4 longitudinal connective (with Abl1) Abl4 ventral nerve cord commissure (with Abl1) Abl4 anterior fascicle (with Abl2) Abl4 longitudinal connective (with Abl2) Abl4 antennal glomerulus, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1 AblEP3101 antennal commissure, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1 AblEP3101 anterior fascicle, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 AblEP3101 AblScer\UAS.cFa longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu AblEP3101 AblScer\UAS.cFa longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 AblEP3101 AblScer\UAS.cFa interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev AblScer\UAS.cFa eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev AblScer\UAS.cFa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev AblScer\UAS.cFa embryonic neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu AblScer\UAS.cFa anterior fascicle, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu AblScer\UAS.cFa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF AblScer\UAS.cFa ventral adult lateral neuron & axon, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf AblScer\UAS.cFa follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB AblScer\UAS.cFa anterior fascicle, with Scer\GAL4unspecified AblScer\UAS.cFa anterior fascicle, with Scer\GAL41407 AblScer\UAS.cFa embryonic leading edge cell Ablunspecified amnioserosa Ablunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Abl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Abl04674 P-element activity 1 -- Abl1 hypomorph 4 Yes Abl2 amorph 1 -- Abl3 hypomorph 0 -- Abl4 hypomorph 3 -- AblDG03106 1 -- AblEP3101 P-element activity 1 Yes AblEP3566 P-element activity 1 -- AblEY13532 P-element activity 1 -- Ablc05130 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Ablc05213 piggyBac transposase 0 -- Abld04320 P-element activity 1 -- Able03544 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Ablf01778 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Ablf03378 piggyBac transposase 0 -- Abll1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Abll2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Abll3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Ablunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Abl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Abl+mTnabl-ala in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes Abl+mTnabl-lys in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes Abl+mTnabl-ts in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes Abl+mTnabl hypomorph in vitro construct | minigene in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes Abl+tEa in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 -- Abl2kb.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes AblAct5C.PC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes AblAct5C.PG in vitro construct | deletion in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes AblAct5C.PW in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes AblGD1344 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes AblK417N.Act5C in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes AblK417N.Scer\UAS in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes AblMtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes AblScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes AblScer\UAS.cFa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes AblW118A.Act5C in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes AbldsRNA.cFa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes AbldsRNA.cLa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes AbldsRNA.cRa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes AbldsRNA.cWa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(3L)st-j7
Useful duplication	Dp(3;3)st+g18
Disrupted in