FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\nAChRα1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\nAChRα1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α1
Annotation Symbol
CG5610
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000036
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α1 (nAChRα1) encodes a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a pentameric neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

ALS, Dα1, nAcRalpha-96Aa, nAChR, nAcRα-96Aa

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-85
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:24393896..24457157
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:nAChRα2; FB:FBgn0000039
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in neuron projection
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394
is_active_in synapse
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (P09478)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α1 (nAChRα1) encodes a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a pentameric neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS -
Nicotinic ligand-gated ion channels (nAChR) mediate the fast actions of the acetylcholine (ACh). The non-selective ion channel is formed from five subunits arranged around a central pore. The ACh binding site is formed by two adjacent α subunits. Other regulatory subunits may modulate channel pharmacology and expression. (Adapted from FBrf0183743).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
(UniProt, P09478)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Acr96A
Structural gene encoding a Drosophila homologue of a subunit of vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); inferred to be homologous to neuronal α subunits based on the cystein doublet at amino-acid residues 201 and 202.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

forms pentameric receptors involved in fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission - associated with changes in courtship, sleep longevity and insecticide resistance

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\nAChRα1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P09478)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UAG) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0084619
3826
567
FBtr0330310
3826
597
FBtr0334916
11027
567
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

567 aa isoforms: nAChRα1-PA, nAChRα1-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments

nAcRα-96Aa protein appears to be the

ligand-binding subunit of the class I α-Btx binding complex.

External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\nAChRα1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.50

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Transcript is detected in the larval fat body and in the clusters of cells in the pars intercerebralis corresponding to the medial neurosecretory cell clusters (m-NSCs) that express the insulin like protein genes.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:nAChRα2; FB:FBgn0000039
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\nAChRα1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of nAChRα1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of nAChRα1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (27)
12 of 14
Yes
No
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
1  
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
5  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)
12 of 14
Yes
No
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
12 of 14
Yes
No
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (25)
9 of 13
Yes
No
6 of 13
No
No
6 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (32)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
No
11 of 14
No
No
10 of 14
No
No
9 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (66)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:nAChRα1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)
11 of 13
11 of 13
11 of 13
9 of 13
5 of 13
4 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 7 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-85
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    96A1-96A2
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (127)
    Genomic Clones (47)
    cDNA Clones (1)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                The distribution of nAcRα-96Aa protein in the developing and differentiated nervous system has been studied.

                Antibodies raised against fusion constructs encompassing specific regions of the Acr64B and Acr96Aa proteins were used to investigate a potential association of these two polypeptides.

                An alpha-like subunit that resemble ligand-binding subunits of vertebrate subunits.

                Characterisation of toxin binding to the domain carrying the cholinergic binding sites of nAcRα-96Aa.

                Structural gene encoding a Drosophila homologue of a subunit of vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); inferred to be homologous to neuronal α subunits based on the cystein doublet at amino-acid residues 201 and 202.

                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments

                nAcRα-96Ab appears to be a chimeric gene, with the 5' part of the gene derived from nAcRα-96Aa and the 3' part of the gene derived from nAcRβ-64B.

                "nAcRα-96Ab" is a putative chimeric gene derived from the "nAcRα-96Aa" and "nAcRβ-64B" genes (where coding sequences of the two parental genes contribute to the coding sequence of the chimeric gene).

                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: nAcRα-96Aa CG5610

                Source for identity of: nAChRα1 nAcRα-96Aa

                Nomenclature comments

                Renamed genes encoding nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to give systematic nomenclature that better reflects usage in literature (e.g. FBrf0218556, FBrf0183743).

                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (38)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                AChRalpha1
                Acr96A
                AcrB
                nAChR-α96Aa
                nAChRα-96Aa
                Name Synonyms
                Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha-96Aa
                alpha-like subunit
                nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 96Aa
                nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α1
                nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-like
                α-Like Subunit
                α-like-subunit
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                  FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  References (193)