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Gene Dmel\Act42A

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Act42A	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Actin 42A	Annotation symbol	CG12051
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000043
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	6 publicly available
Also Known As	Actin, BAP47, C
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	42A7-42A7	Sequence location	2R:1,901,415..1,903,194 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Actin 42A is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Act42A (CG12051, FBgn0000043). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: structural constituent of cytoskeleton. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: cytokinesis; phagocytosis, engulfment. 10 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: mesothoracic tergum; trichogen cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Actin, conserved site; Actin-related protein; Actin/actin-like conserved site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of high expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult central nervous system, adult crop, adult Malpighian tubules, adult salivary gland, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624471_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Act42A. Gene sequence location is 2R:1901415..1903194.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Act42A Codes for cytoplasmic actin; transcribed throughout development; one of two actin genes transcribed in Kc cells and several other cell lines (Fyrberg, Mahaffy, Bond, and Davidson, 1983, Cell 33: 115-23). One of three actin genes expressed in the wing disc during wing development, each with its characteristic profile. Peak expression at 44h of pupal age, little or no expression at 60h rising again at 80h. 44h peak corresponds to time of maximum change in cell shape (Peterson, Bond, Mitchell, and Davidson, 1985, Dev. Genet. 5: 219-25).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 42A7-42A7   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)0985109851&P{lacW}Src42Ak10108 and P{lacW}l(2)k09848k09848&P{EP}EP407
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 42A-42A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Drosopoulou et al., 1997) 42A-42A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Fyrberg et al., 1981)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Act42A for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Act42A-RA FBtr0086029  NM_078901   1626   376
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.72 (northern blot) (Tobin et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Act42A-PA   FBpp0085365   41.8   376   5.16     NP_523625   AAF57294
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Actin/actin-like conserved site (IPR020902) Actin-related protein (IPR004000) Actin, conserved site (IPR004001)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA391320   AA391916   AA439019   AA539441   AA539765   AA539967   AA540333   AA540846   AA567137   AA695831   AA696681   AA803424   AA804084   AA816451   AE013599 AAF57294   AI456481   AI945922   AI946373   AI946431   AK268102   AK283278   AK283429   AK283785   AK339852   AK339930   AY089562   AY118735   AY118907 AAM50767   AY231646   AY432896   AY432900   AY432905   AY433196   AY439575   AY440012   AY440361   AY440363   AY440778   AY572863   AY829794   AZ300929   BE978661   BF489385   BI161611   BI161870   BI239730   BI241745   BI242484   BI353011   BI354915   BP542015   BP543839   BP543840   BP545464   BP545465   BP549294   BP549295   BP555535   BP556901   BP556902   BT050557   BX005750   BX006096   BX006108   BX006205   BX006494   BX006851   BX007025   BX007169   BX009354   BX010404   BX011235   BX011682   BX012748   BX013090   BX014410   BX018008   BX018891   BX019651   BX019681   BX021090   BX023258   BX023415   BX024085   BX025217   BX025942   BX026031   BX029573   BX029953   BX030198   BX031756   BX031960   BX032642   BX033057   BX033114   BX033742   BX034035   BX034514   BX034688   BX039747   BX042631   BX043104   BX046180   BX047639   BX050017   BX056209   BX063031   BX067175   BZ748945   CK661566   CO152705   CO152939   CO154258   CO155037   CO179985   CO184143   CO187339   CO194311   CO194626   CO299761   CO305612   CO335790   CO336670   CO337556   CR938056   CR938667   CZ475000   DQ413237   DQ440059   DQ507302   DQ507341   DQ675553   EC206504   EC211665   EC232580   EC261139   EC261878   EC263561   EC263612   EC263709   EC263827   EC264204   EC264567   EC264893   EC265011   EC265563   EC266227   EC266852   EC266902   EF092069   EF092073   EF207985   EL878106   EL879114   EV576677   EV579413   EV579519   EV594124   EV599047   GH738976   GH739130   GH739268   GH740180   GH740261   GH740335   GH740883   GH740952   GH741360   GH741364   GH741482   GH741644   GH741709   GH741760   GH741800   GH741854   GH742019   GH742107   GH742176   GH742369   GH742541   GH742593   GH743526   GH743844   GH744164   GH744222   GH744355   GH744389   GH744828   GH745146   GH745159   GH745415   GH745979   GH746293   GH746393   GH746803   GH746833   GH746931   GH747077   GH747125   GH747498   GH761511   GH761843   GH761874   GH762121   GH762190   GH762624   GH762964   GH763130   GH763462   GH763860   GH763877   GH764151   GH764709   GH765184   GH765476   GH765548   GH766101   GH766118   GH766215   GH766296   GH767753   GH767949   GH768105   GH768187   GH768334   GH768416   GH768502   GH768595   GH768625   GH768862   GH769046   GH769048   GH769172   GH769552   GH769633   GH769872   GH779460   GO254427   HM449853   HM449854   K00670 AAA28314   X05176 CAA28809   X54848 CAA38618   Z71042
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P02572
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 15007
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   supraesophageal ganglion   (Tobin et al., 1990) embryonic/larval midgut   (Tobin et al., 1990) gonad   (Tobin et al., 1990) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval proventriculus   (Tobin et al., 1990) ventral nerve cord   (Tobin et al., 1990) blastoderm stage     (Tobin et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Act42A transcripts are most abundant in embryos. They are evenly distributed in preblastoderm embryos, becoming localized to the periphery at blastoderm formation. Later they are observed in the brain and ventral nerve cord as well as in the developing gonad, proventriculus, and midgut. (Tobin et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Dorus et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult central nervous system, adult crop, adult Malpighian tubules, adult salivary gland, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2706.475 Larval Midgut    4542.3 Larval Hindgut    2903.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1196.1 Larval Fat Body    1276.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3199.7 Larval Trachea    2540.95 Larval Carcass    2104.55 Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut    3035.1 Adult Hindgut    658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart    834.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary    1450.8 Adult Testis    2036 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1015 Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2706.475) Larval Midgut  (4542.3) Larval Hindgut  (2903.7) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1196.1) Larval Fat Body  (1276.6) Larval Salivary Gland  (3199.7) Larval Trachea  (2540.95) Larval Carcass  (2104.55) Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut  (3035.1) Adult Hindgut  (658.4) Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart  (834.8) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary  (1450.8) Adult Testis  (2036) Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1015) Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2706.475) Larval Midgut  (4542.3) Larval Hindgut  (2903.7) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1196.1) Larval Fat Body  (1276.6) Larval Salivary Gland  (3199.7) Larval Trachea  (2540.95) Larval Carcass  (2104.55) Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut  (3035.1) Adult Hindgut    658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart    834.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary  (1450.8) Adult Testis  (2036) Adult Male Accessory Gland  1015 Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2706.475 Larval Midgut    4542.3 Larval Hindgut    2903.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1196.1 Larval Fat Body    1276.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3199.7 Larval Trachea    2540.95 Larval Carcass    2104.55 Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut    3035.1 Adult Hindgut    658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart    834.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary    1450.8 Adult Testis    2036 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1015 Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2706.475 Larval Midgut    4542.3 Larval Hindgut    2903.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1196.1 Larval Fat Body    1276.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3199.7 Larval Trachea    2540.95 Larval Carcass    2104.55 Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut    3035.1 Adult Hindgut    658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart    834.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary    1450.8 Adult Testis    2036 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1015 Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2706.475) Larval Midgut  (4542.3) Larval Hindgut  (2903.7) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1196.1) Larval Fat Body  (1276.6) Larval Salivary Gland  (3199.7) Larval Trachea  (2540.95) Larval Carcass  (2104.55) Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut  (3035.1) Adult Hindgut  658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart  (834.8) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary  (1450.8) Adult Testis  (2036) Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1015) Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2706.475) Larval Midgut  (4542.3) Larval Hindgut  (2903.7) Larval Malpighian Tubules  1196.1 Larval Fat Body  1276.6 Larval Salivary Gland  (3199.7) Larval Trachea  (2540.95) Larval Carcass  (2104.55) Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut  (3035.1) Adult Hindgut    658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart    834.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary  1450.8 Adult Testis  (2036) Adult Male Accessory Gland  1015 Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2706.475 Larval Midgut    4542.3 Larval Hindgut    2903.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1196.1 Larval Fat Body    1276.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3199.7 Larval Trachea    2540.95 Larval Carcass    2104.55 Adult Head    316.9 Adult Eye    92.75 Adult Brain    322.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4 Adult Crop    134.4 Adult Midgut    3035.1 Adult Hindgut    658.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    108.9 Adult Fat Body    94.3 Adult Salivary Gland    172.8 Adult Heart    834.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406 Adult Ovary    1450.8 Adult Testis    2036 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1015 Adult Carcass    293.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    316.9   NA  Eye    92.75   NA  Brain    322.6   2706.475  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    403.4   NA  Crop    134.4   4542.3  Midgut    3035.1   2903.7  Hindgut    658.4   1196.1  Malpighian Tubules    108.9   1276.6  Fat Body    94.3   3199.7  Salivary Gland    172.8   NA  Heart    834.8   2540.95  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    244.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    406   NA  Ovary    1450.8   NA  Testis    2036   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1015   2104.55  Carcass    293.6 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    598 central nervous system, larvae L3    643 central nervous system, pupae P8    304 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    67 salivary gland, white prepupae    171 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    520 digestive system, 1-day adult    113 digestive system, 4-day adult    69 digestive system, 20-day adult    195 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae    202 fat body, pupae P8    165 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    424 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female    130 ovary, mated 4-day female    127 testis, mated 4-day male    287 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (598) central nervous system, larvae L3  (643) central nervous system, pupae P8  (304) head, virgin 1-day female  (33) head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male  (27) head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male  (27) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (67) salivary gland, white prepupae  (171) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (520) digestive system, 1-day adult  (113) digestive system, 4-day adult  (69) digestive system, 20-day adult  (195) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae  (202) fat body, pupae P8  (165) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (424) carcass, 1-day adult  (28) carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (130) ovary, mated 4-day female  (127) testis, mated 4-day male  (287) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (73) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (598) central nervous system, larvae L3  (643) central nervous system, pupae P8  (304) head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    67 salivary gland, white prepupae  (171) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (520) digestive system, 1-day adult  (113) digestive system, 4-day adult    69 digestive system, 20-day adult  (195) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae  (202) fat body, pupae P8  (165) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (424) carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (130) ovary, mated 4-day female  (127) testis, mated 4-day male  (287) accessory gland, mated 4-day male    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    598 central nervous system, larvae L3    643 central nervous system, pupae P8    304 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    67 salivary gland, white prepupae    171 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    520 digestive system, 1-day adult    113 digestive system, 4-day adult    69 digestive system, 20-day adult    195 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae    202 fat body, pupae P8    165 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    424 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female    130 ovary, mated 4-day female    127 testis, mated 4-day male    287 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    73 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    598 central nervous system, larvae L3    643 central nervous system, pupae P8    304 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    67 salivary gland, white prepupae    171 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    520 digestive system, 1-day adult    113 digestive system, 4-day adult    69 digestive system, 20-day adult    195 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae    202 fat body, pupae P8    165 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    424 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female    130 ovary, mated 4-day female    127 testis, mated 4-day male    287 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (598) central nervous system, larvae L3  (643) central nervous system, pupae P8  (304) head, virgin 1-day female  (33) head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male  27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male  27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (67) salivary gland, white prepupae  (171) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (520) digestive system, 1-day adult  (113) digestive system, 4-day adult  (69) digestive system, 20-day adult  (195) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae  (202) fat body, pupae P8  (165) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (424) carcass, 1-day adult  28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (130) ovary, mated 4-day female  (127) testis, mated 4-day male  (287) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (73) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (598) central nervous system, larvae L3  (643) central nervous system, pupae P8  (304) head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    67 salivary gland, white prepupae  (171) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (520) digestive system, 1-day adult  113 digestive system, 4-day adult    69 digestive system, 20-day adult  (195) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae  (202) fat body, pupae P8  (165) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (424) carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female  130 ovary, mated 4-day female  127 testis, mated 4-day male  (287) accessory gland, mated 4-day male    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    598 central nervous system, larvae L3    643 central nervous system, pupae P8    304 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    16 head, virgin 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    27 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    67 salivary gland, white prepupae    171 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    520 digestive system, 1-day adult    113 digestive system, 4-day adult    69 digestive system, 20-day adult    195 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    18 fat body, white prepupae    202 fat body, pupae P8    165 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    424 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    22 carcass, 20-day adult    24 ovary, virgin 4-day female    130 ovary, mated 4-day female    127 testis, mated 4-day male    287 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of high expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    192 embryo 02-04hr    307 embryo 04-06hr    413 embryo 06-08hr    627 embryo 08-10hr    740 embryo 10-12hr    715 embryo 12-14hr    544 embryo 14-16hr    405 embryo 16-18hr    271 embryo 18-20hr    213 embryo 20-22hr    169 embryo 22-24hr    166 larva L1    82 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    254 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    401 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    590 white prepupae new    863 white prepupae 12hr    685 white prepupae 24hr    563 pupae 2d postWPP    337 pupae 3d postWPP    146 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    132 adult male 05day    165 adult male 30day    164 adult female 01day    183 adult female 05day    207 adult female 30day    211 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (192) embryo 02-04hr  (307) embryo 04-06hr  (413) embryo 06-08hr  (627) embryo 08-10hr  (740) embryo 10-12hr  (715) embryo 12-14hr  (544) embryo 14-16hr  (405) embryo 16-18hr  (271) embryo 18-20hr  (213) embryo 20-22hr  (169) embryo 22-24hr  (166) larva L1  (82) larva L2  (89) larva L3 12hr old  (120) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (254) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (401) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (590) white prepupae new  (863) white prepupae 12hr  (685) white prepupae 24hr  (563) pupae 2d postWPP  (337) pupae 3d postWPP  (146) pupae 4d postWPP  (243) adult male 01day  (132) adult male 05day  (165) adult male 30day  (164) adult female 01day  (183) adult female 05day  (207) adult female 30day  (211) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (192) embryo 02-04hr  (307) embryo 04-06hr  (413) embryo 06-08hr  (627) embryo 08-10hr  (740) embryo 10-12hr  (715) embryo 12-14hr  (544) embryo 14-16hr  (405) embryo 16-18hr  (271) embryo 18-20hr  (213) embryo 20-22hr  (169) embryo 22-24hr  (166) larva L1    82 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old  (120) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (254) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (401) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (590) white prepupae new  (863) white prepupae 12hr  (685) white prepupae 24hr  (563) pupae 2d postWPP  (337) pupae 3d postWPP  (146) pupae 4d postWPP  (243) adult male 01day  (132) adult male 05day  (165) adult male 30day  (164) adult female 01day  (183) adult female 05day  (207) adult female 30day  (211) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    192 embryo 02-04hr    307 embryo 04-06hr    413 embryo 06-08hr    627 embryo 08-10hr    740 embryo 10-12hr    715 embryo 12-14hr    544 embryo 14-16hr    405 embryo 16-18hr    271 embryo 18-20hr    213 embryo 20-22hr    169 embryo 22-24hr    166 larva L1    82 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    254 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    401 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    590 white prepupae new    863 white prepupae 12hr    685 white prepupae 24hr    563 pupae 2d postWPP    337 pupae 3d postWPP    146 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    132 adult male 05day    165 adult male 30day    164 adult female 01day    183 adult female 05day    207 adult female 30day    211 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    192 embryo 02-04hr    307 embryo 04-06hr    413 embryo 06-08hr    627 embryo 08-10hr    740 embryo 10-12hr    715 embryo 12-14hr    544 embryo 14-16hr    405 embryo 16-18hr    271 embryo 18-20hr    213 embryo 20-22hr    169 embryo 22-24hr    166 larva L1    82 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    254 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    401 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    590 white prepupae new    863 white prepupae 12hr    685 white prepupae 24hr    563 pupae 2d postWPP    337 pupae 3d postWPP    146 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    132 adult male 05day    165 adult male 30day    164 adult female 01day    183 adult female 05day    207 adult female 30day    211 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (192) embryo 02-04hr  (307) embryo 04-06hr  (413) embryo 06-08hr  (627) embryo 08-10hr  (740) embryo 10-12hr  (715) embryo 12-14hr  (544) embryo 14-16hr  (405) embryo 16-18hr  (271) embryo 18-20hr  (213) embryo 20-22hr  (169) embryo 22-24hr  (166) larva L1  (82) larva L2  (89) larva L3 12hr old  (120) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (254) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (401) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (590) white prepupae new  (863) white prepupae 12hr  (685) white prepupae 24hr  (563) pupae 2d postWPP  (337) pupae 3d postWPP  (146) pupae 4d postWPP  (243) adult male 01day  (132) adult male 05day  (165) adult male 30day  (164) adult female 01day  (183) adult female 05day  (207) adult female 30day  (211) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (192) embryo 02-04hr  (307) embryo 04-06hr  (413) embryo 06-08hr  (627) embryo 08-10hr  (740) embryo 10-12hr  (715) embryo 12-14hr  (544) embryo 14-16hr  (405) embryo 16-18hr  (271) embryo 18-20hr  (213) embryo 20-22hr  (169) embryo 22-24hr  (166) larva L1    82 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old  120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (254) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (401) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (590) white prepupae new  (863) white prepupae 12hr  (685) white prepupae 24hr  (563) pupae 2d postWPP  (337) pupae 3d postWPP  (146) pupae 4d postWPP  (243) adult male 01day  132 adult male 05day  (165) adult male 30day  (164) adult female 01day  (183) adult female 05day  (207) adult female 30day  (211) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    192 embryo 02-04hr    307 embryo 04-06hr    413 embryo 06-08hr    627 embryo 08-10hr    740 embryo 10-12hr    715 embryo 12-14hr    544 embryo 14-16hr    405 embryo 16-18hr    271 embryo 18-20hr    213 embryo 20-22hr    169 embryo 22-24hr    166 larva L1    82 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    254 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    401 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    590 white prepupae new    863 white prepupae 12hr    685 white prepupae 24hr    563 pupae 2d postWPP    337 pupae 3d postWPP    146 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    132 adult male 05day    165 adult male 30day    164 adult female 01day    183 adult female 05day    207 adult female 30day    211 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3355 Schneider line 2 Sg4    711 embryonic 1182-4H    1953 embryonic GM2    945 embryonic Kc167    187 embryonic S1    1778 embryonic S3    479 leg disc CME L1    893 wing disc CME-W2    967 wing disc ML-DmD8    1533 wing disc ML-DmD9    1108 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    982 wing disc ML-DmD21    630 wing disc ML-DmD32    907 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    498 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1925 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2203 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1362 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1216 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1797 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1024 ovary fGS/OSS    200 ovary OSC    191 ovary OSS    142 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (3355) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (711) embryonic 1182-4H  (1953) embryonic GM2  (945) embryonic Kc167  (187) embryonic S1  (1778) embryonic S3  (479) leg disc CME L1  (893) wing disc CME-W2  (967) wing disc ML-DmD8  (1533) wing disc ML-DmD9  (1108) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (982) wing disc ML-DmD21  (630) wing disc ML-DmD32  (907) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (498) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (1925) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (2203) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1362) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (1216) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (1797) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (1024) ovary fGS/OSS  (200) ovary OSC  (191) ovary OSS  (142) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (3355) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (711) embryonic 1182-4H  (1953) embryonic GM2  (945) embryonic Kc167  (187) embryonic S1  (1778) embryonic S3  (479) leg disc CME L1  (893) wing disc CME-W2  (967) wing disc ML-DmD8  (1533) wing disc ML-DmD9  (1108) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (982) wing disc ML-DmD21  (630) wing disc ML-DmD32  (907) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (498) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (1925) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (2203) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1362) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (1216) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (1797) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (1024) ovary fGS/OSS  (200) ovary OSC  (191) ovary OSS  (142) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3355 Schneider line 2 Sg4    711 embryonic 1182-4H    1953 embryonic GM2    945 embryonic Kc167    187 embryonic S1    1778 embryonic S3    479 leg disc CME L1    893 wing disc CME-W2    967 wing disc ML-DmD8    1533 wing disc ML-DmD9    1108 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    982 wing disc ML-DmD21    630 wing disc ML-DmD32    907 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    498 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1925 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2203 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1362 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1216 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1797 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1024 ovary fGS/OSS    200 ovary OSC    191 ovary OSS    142 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3355 Schneider line 2 Sg4    711 embryonic 1182-4H    1953 embryonic GM2    945 embryonic Kc167    187 embryonic S1    1778 embryonic S3    479 leg disc CME L1    893 wing disc CME-W2    967 wing disc ML-DmD8    1533 wing disc ML-DmD9    1108 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    982 wing disc ML-DmD21    630 wing disc ML-DmD32    907 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    498 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1925 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2203 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1362 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1216 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1797 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1024 ovary fGS/OSS    200 ovary OSC    191 ovary OSS    142 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (3355) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (711) embryonic 1182-4H  (1953) embryonic GM2  (945) embryonic Kc167  (187) embryonic S1  (1778) embryonic S3  (479) leg disc CME L1  (893) wing disc CME-W2  (967) wing disc ML-DmD8  (1533) wing disc ML-DmD9  (1108) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (982) wing disc ML-DmD21  (630) wing disc ML-DmD32  (907) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (498) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (1925) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (2203) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1362) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (1216) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (1797) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (1024) ovary fGS/OSS  (200) ovary OSC  (191) ovary OSS  (142) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (3355) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (711) embryonic 1182-4H  (1953) embryonic GM2  (945) embryonic Kc167  (187) embryonic S1  (1778) embryonic S3  (479) leg disc CME L1  (893) wing disc CME-W2  (967) wing disc ML-DmD8  (1533) wing disc ML-DmD9  (1108) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (982) wing disc ML-DmD21  (630) wing disc ML-DmD32  (907) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (498) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (1925) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (2203) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1362) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (1216) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (1797) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (1024) ovary fGS/OSS  (200) ovary OSC  (191) ovary OSS  142 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3355 Schneider line 2 Sg4    711 embryonic 1182-4H    1953 embryonic GM2    945 embryonic Kc167    187 embryonic S1    1778 embryonic S3    479 leg disc CME L1    893 wing disc CME-W2    967 wing disc ML-DmD8    1533 wing disc ML-DmD9    1108 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    982 wing disc ML-DmD21    630 wing disc ML-DmD32    907 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    498 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1925 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2203 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1362 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1216 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1797 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1024 ovary fGS/OSS    200 ovary OSC    191 ovary OSS    142 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    219 cold shock, 4-day adult    204 heat shock, 4-day adult    184 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    262 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    452 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    193 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    223 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    199 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    75 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    187 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    230 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    290 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    161 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    149 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    116 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    157 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    368 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    347 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (219) cold shock, 4-day adult  (204) heat shock, 4-day adult  (184) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (262) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (452) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (193) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (112) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (223) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (63) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (199) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (75) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (187) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (230) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (290) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (161) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (94) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (149) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (116) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (157) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (368) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (347) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (219) cold shock, 4-day adult  (204) heat shock, 4-day adult  (184) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (262) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (452) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (193) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (112) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (223) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (199) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    75 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (187) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (230) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (290) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (161) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (149) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (116) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (157) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (368) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (347) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    219 cold shock, 4-day adult    204 heat shock, 4-day adult    184 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    262 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    452 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    193 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    223 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    199 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    75 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    187 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    230 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    290 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    161 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    149 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    116 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    157 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    368 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    347 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    219 cold shock, 4-day adult    204 heat shock, 4-day adult    184 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    262 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    452 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    193 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    223 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    199 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    75 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    187 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    230 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    290 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    161 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    149 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    116 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    157 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    368 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    347 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (219) cold shock, 4-day adult  (204) heat shock, 4-day adult  (184) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (262) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (452) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (193) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (112) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (223) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (63) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (199) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (75) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (187) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (230) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (290) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (161) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (94) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (149) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (116) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (157) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (368) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (347) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (219) cold shock, 4-day adult  (204) heat shock, 4-day adult  (184) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (262) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (452) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (193) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  112 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (223) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (199) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    75 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (187) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (230) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (290) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (161) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (149) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  116 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (157) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (368) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (347) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    219 cold shock, 4-day adult    204 heat shock, 4-day adult    184 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    262 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    452 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    193 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    223 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    199 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    75 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    187 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    230 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    290 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    161 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    149 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    116 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    157 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    368 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    347 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_23 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_10
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000043 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG12051-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Act42AGD1350 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Act42AGD1350 Other Phenotypes Allele visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Act42AGD1350 Phenotype manifest in Allele chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Act42AGD1350 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Act42AGD1350 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Act42AGD1350
Classical Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Act42A Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Act42Ad06237 P-element activity 1 -- Act42AEY05608 P-element activity 1 -- Act42ADG03205 0 -- Act42AEP2096 P-element activity 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Act42A Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Act42AScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 2 Yes Act42AGD1350 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Act42AKK111854 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Act42AAct5C.PW in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Act42ANIG.12051R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Act42AtCH322-12M14 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Exel7085 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1350} NA P{KK111854} NA P{NIG.12051R} NA P{UASp-GFP.Act42A} NA characterization construct P{Act5C-Act42A.W} NA P{Act42A::Act88F42A} NA P{Act42A::Act88FcFa} NA PBac{CH322-12M14} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}Act42AEP2096 NA P{EPgy2}Act42AEY05608 NA P{GSV1}EP-319EP-319 NA P{XP}Act42Ad06237 NA miscellaneous insertions P{wHy}Act42ADG03205 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cytokinesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Echard et al., 2004) phagocytosis, engulfment inferred from mutant phenotype (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004001 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) structural constituent of cytoskeleton inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cytoskeleton organization inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
actin filament inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1986.7.21)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Act42A allele Gene References Act42AEP2096 Syx1A (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005) unspecified Bacc (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005) EP2 (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005) EP364 (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005) EP1244 (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005) MESR4 (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005) Pdk (van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61432 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000043 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35526 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P02572
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (134) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG65B21F Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6DJK51 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6VT4SQ Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6N8PM8 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6K13FW
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG65B21F)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Act42A     Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Act5C     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD10342 Y Y Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD16764   Y Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM12447   Y Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16492 Y Y Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG18797   Y Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG10840 Y Y Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\Act57B   Y Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE19434 Y Y Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF13827 Y Y Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17886   Y Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA24908 Y Y Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL17787 Y Y Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL14888   Y Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK20124   Y Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK21751 Y Y Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ18395 Y Y Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ14747   Y Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI15312   Y Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI19595 Y Y Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH20408 Y Y Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH24372   Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6DJK51)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL011197 Y Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\ACT5C_ANOGA Y Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ009808 Y
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6VT4SQ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Arp1 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC410075 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB41310 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC410075 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC552637 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC725739 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB43029 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB41311 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016133 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG014261 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG022374 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG018151 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH20076 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH27216 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH23702 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP24556 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP24555 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP24558 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19149 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP10781 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22077 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17037 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO15666 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19704 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19080 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL11009 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL12357 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19122 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19079 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19081 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL11760 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18449 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH23521 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH12777 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH23517 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB15021 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB12309 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\ACTB2 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB15020 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB15019 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV26467 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV15055 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV26512 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI073036 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI009912 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI006969 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA013945 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM268330 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC003326 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC006296 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC003944 Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6N8PM8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_228751 Y Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\ACT1C Y Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\CO1 Y Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_347740 Y Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\NME9 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW024111 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6K13FW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\T04C12.4 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\act-2 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\act-4 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\T04C12.6 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_006797gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009482gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009433gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009481gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_026078gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\CYIIB Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_012282gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\bactin2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\zgc:86725 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\actc1b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\actc1a Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\RP71-1C22.1 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\acta1a Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\acta1b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\acta2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\actc1a Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\actba Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\acta1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\actg1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\actb Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\actc1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\act3 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\acta2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000009621 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ACTBL2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ACTC1 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ACTG2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000000492 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000001381 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000011086 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Actc1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Acta2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Actbl2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Acta1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Actg2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Actc1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Actg1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Actb Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Actbl2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Acta1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Actg2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ACTA1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PS1TP5BP1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ACTC1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ACTBL2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ACTA2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ACTG1 Y
Human Orthologs (6)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ACTA1     Hsap\PS1TP5BP1     Hsap\ACTC1     Hsap\ACTBL2     Hsap\ACTA2     Hsap\ACTG1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD10342 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16492 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG10840 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE19434 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF13827 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA24908 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL17787 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK21751 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ18395 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI19595 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH20408
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
Bloomington	9251 w*; P{UASp-GFP.Act42A}1 9252 w*; P{UASp-GFP.Act42A}5-5 15460 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}Act42AEY05608
Harvard	- P{XP}Act42Ad06237
VDRC	v104731 P{KK111854}VIE-260B v12456 w1118; P{GD1350}v12456
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR39E09 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 155 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH04529 LD18090 RE02927
Other clones	RH70883 yak-em_Act57B
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT25486 GM01187 GM04562 GM08130 GM12772 GM13138 GM21777 GM28830 LD01804 LD09842 LD10825 LD13444 LD17567 LD19278 LD19790 LD20671 LD36513 LP21164 RE01078 RE01350 RE36304 RE38902 RE39832
Other clones	12326 59358 473566 521956 522687 522912 523218 523370 524368 525583 528194 542733 557694 557986 558104 571415 bs18d04 bs24e03 bs25g05 bs81d04 CK01.33B.D3 Dmel_dig_008019_0676_3021 Dmel_dig_015397_0631_2370 Dmel_dig_015419_0658_3095 Dmel_neb_014833_0663_2155 Dmel_neb_015899_0927_1939 EC00718 EC27221 EC37970 EC38921 EK028314 EK176501 EK249105 EN00240 EN00857 EN03814 EN05243 EN11216 EN13012 EN14806 FGC008B06 FGC022F09 FGC031D11 FGM004G03 FGM235G09 FGM306B09 IP08011 IP09054 RP01474 RP01584 RP001000293 RP001001094 RP001003033 RP001005229 RP001007317 RP001007388 RP001007948 RP001009077 RP001009201 RP001010292 RP001010463 RP001010512 RP001012976 RP001013489 RP001013751 RP001014055 RP001016881 RP001017198 RP001017720 RP001017770 RP001018016 RP001018208 RP001019183 RP001019730 RP001019805 RP001019942 RP001019965 RP001020311 RP001020817 RP001021417 RP001022023 RP001024493 RP001025440 RP001025470 RP001025889 RP001026706 RP001026981 RP001027252 RP001028281 RP001028975 RP001029155 RP001029566 RP001031440 RP001031879 RP001033405 RP001033573 RP001034372 RP001034586 RP001035110 RP001037674 RP001037973 RP001038098 RP001038179 RP001039905 RP001040861 RP001041551 RP001041888 RP001042069 RP001042632 RP001043263 RP001043516 RP001044284 RP001045813 RP001045964 RP001046545 RP001049717 RP001049961 RP001050631 RP001051172 RP001052821 RP001053430 RP001053528 RP001053802 RP001055596 RP001055621 RP001055858 RP001056617
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000043 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35526
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	The Act42A gene may be derived from the Act79B gene by retroposition. (Betran et al., 2002)
Other Comments
	S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells. (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells. (Echard et al., 2004) In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes. (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998) Age related changes in Act42A expression have been studied by Northern analysis. (Labuhn and Brack, 1997) Ecdysteroid-regulated gene. (Andres et al., 1993) Sequence analysis demonstrates insect muscle actins form a distinct family of closely related proteins significantly diverged from cytoplasmic actins. (Mounier et al., 1992) Translation of actin RNA in early embryos injected with initiation factors has been studied. (Hongo and Jacobs-Lorena, 1991) The expression of HIS-C genes during oogenesis has been studied, and compared to periods of DNA synthesis and actin expression during this developmental stage. (Ruddell and Jacobs-Lorena, 1985) Codes for cytoplasmic actin; transcribed throughout development; one of two actin genes transcribed in Kc cells and several other cell lines (FBrf0038990). One of three actin genes expressed in the wing disc during wing development, each with its characteristic profile. Peak expression at 44h of pupal age, little or no expression at 60h rising again at 80h. 44h peak corresponds to time of maximum change in cell shape (FBrf0042391). Transcription increased 6-8 fold by 20-OH-ecdysone in tissue culture cells (FBrf0047102; FBrf0064343).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078901 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523625 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA539765 AA540333 AA803424 AAA28314 AAF57294 AAM50767 AI945922 AI946373 AI946431 AY118907 AZ300929 BZ748945 CAA28809 CAA38618 CZ475000 K00670 X05176 X54848 Z71042 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35526 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P02572
Other Crossreferences
	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 15007 InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Actin/actin-like conserved site (IPR020902) Actin-related protein (IPR004000) Actin, conserved site (IPR004001)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61432 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000043 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000043 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000043 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG12051-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000043 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35526 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35526 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000043 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P02572
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	42A (Cherbas et al., 2011) A (Courgeon et al., 1993) Act (Wei et al., 2005) ACT2_DROME (Fukuyama et al., 2012) Act42 (Blanco et al., 2010) act 42A (Labuhn and Brack, 1997) act42A (He and Haymer, 1995) Act42A (Delanoue and Davis, 2005, Dorus et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Stuart et al., 2007, Montana and Littleton, 2006, White et al., 2011, Molnar et al., 2006, Gervais and Casanova, 2011, Bai et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009, Carvalho et al., 2009, Venken et al., 2009, Fisher et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) Act42a (Earl and Britt, 2006, Bandyopadhyay et al., 2006) Actin (Balasubramanian et al., 2004, Eberharter and Becker, 2004, Niwa et al., 2004, Seegmiller et al., 2002, Quinn et al., 2001, Sisson et al., 2000, Zhang et al., 2000, Jones, 1999, Cooley, 1998, Adams et al., 1998, Hongo and Jacobs-Lorena, 1991, Stowe and Davis, 1990) actin (Xia and Karin, 2004, Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Strickland and Burgess, 2004, Delmas et al., 2004, Miller, 2003, Muller and Littlewood-Evans, 2001, Adams et al., 2000, Jacinto and Baum, 2003, Baum, 2002, Hudson and Cooley, 2002, Biggin, 2001, Swank et al., 2001, Collier et al., 2000, Wasser and Chia, 2000, Taylor, 2000, Afshar et al., 2000, Justice et al., 1999, Ray et al., 1999, Alexandre et al., 1999, Prokopenko et al., 1999, Noselli and Agnes, 1999, Guild et al., 1998, Mannervik, 1999, Tilney et al., 1998, Brault et al., 1999, Bonaccorsi et al., 1998, Brennan et al., 1998, Guarnieri et al., 1998, Roulier et al., 1998, Bahri et al., 1997, Tilney et al., 1995, Bearer, 1991, Ruddell and Jacobs-Lorena, 1985, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) Actin/BAP47 (Mohrmann et al., 2004) AFFX-Dros-ACTIN_M_r_at (Kristensen et al., 2005) BAP47 (Aalfs and Kingston, 2000, Kal et al., 2000, Papoulas et al., 1998) C (Bondinas et al., 2002, Bondinas et al., 2001) CG12051 (Seegmiller et al., 2002, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Molnar et al., 2006, Liu et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Verleyen et al., 2006, Hughes et al., 2008, Ponton et al., 2011, Puri et al., 2008)
Name Synonym	42A actin (Tobin, 1990.10.17) actin (Bosch et al., 2005, McCaffrey et al., 2006, Costantino et al., 2007, Lo, 2006, McCartney et al., 2006, Laplante and Nilson, 2006, Carneiro et al., 2006, McEwen and Peifer, 2005, Wei et al., 2005, Harris and Peifer, 2004, LaLonde et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Oshima et al., 2006, LaLonde et al., 2005, Beronja et al., 2005, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Zeitler et al., 2004, Lecuit et al., 2007, Anderson et al., 2006, Kracklauer et al., 2007, Caussinus and Gonzalez, 2005, Sordella and Van, 2006, Gao et al., 2008, Baehrecke, 2003, Bai et al., 2007, Carvalho et al., 2009, Lenartowska et al., 2012) Actin (Mulinari et al., 2007, Zelhof et al., 2006, Wei et al., 2005, LaLonde et al., 2006, Griemert et al., 2007, Coutelis and Ephrussi, 2007, Zhai et al., 2006, He et al., 2005, Vorobyeva et al., 2009, Jaiswal et al., 2006, Ponton et al., 2011) Actin 42A (D'Avino et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009) Actin42A (Ahrens et al., 2007, Verleyen et al., 2006) actin42A (Borghese et al., 2006) Actin-42A (Pflieger et al., 2008) F-actin (Sasaki et al., 2007, Xu et al., 2011, Cavey et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 224 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 224 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 154 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 32 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 12 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 10 )
	Crawford et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(12): 2040--2048 Conservation of caspase substrates across metazoans suggests hierarchical importance of signaling pathways over specific targets and cleavage site motifs in apoptosis. [FBrf0220233] Fukuyama et al., 2012, J. Proteomics 75(15): 4610--4619 On-bead tryptic proteolysis: An attractive procedure for LC-MS/MS analysis of the Drosophila caspase 8 protein complex during immune response against bacteria. [FBrf0218992] Lenartowska et al., 2012, Protoplasma 249(2): 337--346 A pre-embedding immunogold approach reveals localization of myosin VI at the ultrastructural level in the actin cones that mediate Drosophila spermatid individualization. [FBrf0217790] Cherbas et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(2): 301--314 The transcriptional diversity of 25 Drosophila cell lines. [FBrf0213077] Gervais and Casanova, 2011, Development 138(7): 1269--1274 The Drosophila homologue of SRF acts as a boosting mechanism to sustain FGF-induced terminal branching in the tracheal system. [FBrf0213234] Koppen et al., 2011, Proteomics 11(22): 4397--4410 Proteomics analyses of microvesicles released by Drosophila Kc167 and S2 cells. [FBrf0216610] Meyer et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(6): 485--491 Interkinetic nuclear migration is a broadly conserved feature of cell division in pseudostratified epithelia. [FBrf0213254] Ponton et al., 2011, J. Insect Physiol. 57(6): 840--850 Evaluation of potential reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies of physiological responses in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213828] White et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 193(4): 677--694 Drosophila histone locus bodies form by hierarchical recruitment of components. [FBrf0213662] Xu et al., 2011, Development 138(24): 5415--5427 Rho GTPase controls Drosophila salivary gland lumen size through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and Moesin. [FBrf0216741] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...