A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2012_01, released January 20th, 2012
 

Gene Dmel\Adh

General Information
SymbolDmel\AdhSpeciesD. melanogaster
NameAlcohol dehydrogenaseAnnotation symbolCG3481
Feature typeprotein_coding_geneFlyBase IDFBgn0000055
Gene Model StatusCurrent Stock availability 263 publicly available
Also Known AsCG32954, BG:DS01486.8
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)2LRecombination map2-50.1
Cytogenetic map35B3-35B3Sequence location2L:14,615,555..14,618,902 [+]

Genomic Maps

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Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information
The gene Alcohol dehydrogenase is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Adh (CG3481, FBgn0000055). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein homodimerization activity; alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity; acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: alcohol catabolic process; alcohol metabolic process; ethanol oxidation; behavioral response to ethanol; acetaldehyde metabolic process; ethanol metabolic process. 587 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 5 annotated transcripts and 5 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Alcohol dehydrogenase, Drosophila-type; Alcohol dehydrogenase, insect-type; NAD(P)-binding domain; Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR; Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, conserved site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the larval period, in adult male stages. This gene is annotated by FlyBase as a dicistronic gene, meaning that some or all of its transcripts encode two or more polypeptide-coding open reading frames (ORFs) , with each ORF assigned to a different gene. The distribution of RNA-Seq coverage data amongst the different encoded genes cannot be determined. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval salivary gland, adult testis. Gene sequence location is 2L:14615555..14618902.

hide Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage
Adh: Alcohol dehydrogenase (M. Ashburner)
Structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase [ADH (EC 1.1.1.1)]. Natural populations are polymorphic for three electrophoretic alleles (AdhF, AdhS, AdhF-ChD) and for three rarer electrophoretic alleles (AdhUS, AdhF', AdhUF). The frequency of the AdhF allele increases, at the expense of AdhS, with increasing latitude in both northern and southern hemispheres [Johnson and Schaffer, 1973, Biochem. Genet. 10: 149-63; Vigue and Johnson, 1973, Biochem. Genet. 9: 213-27; Wilks, Gibson, Oakeshott and Chambers, 1980, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 33: 575-85; Anderson, 1981, Genetic Studies of Drosophila Populations (Gibson and Oakes, eds.). Australian National University Press, pp. 237-50; Anderson and Chambers, 1982, Evolution 36: 86-96]. Confers resistance to ethanol; flies lacking ADH rapidly become intoxicated and eventually die on exposure to ethanol (Grell, Jacobson and Murphy, 1968, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 151: 441-45; Vigue and Sofer, 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 127-135; David, Bocquet, Arens and Fouillet, 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 989-97). However, ethanol sensitivity is complex since even Adh nulls are more resistant to ethanol when young than when old (Vigue and Sofer, 1976; Tsubota). Adh+ flies are killed by low concentrations of unsaturated secondary alcohols (e.g. 1-penten-3-ol; 1-pentyn-3-ol) but not by unsaturated primary alcohols (e.g. 1-penten-1-ol) (Sofer and Hatkoff, 1972, Genetics 72: 545-49), presumably due to the formation of toxic ketones. This allows the chemical selection of Adh nulls (Sofer and Hatkoff, 1972; O'Donnell, Gerace, Leister and Sofer, 1975, Genetics 79: 73-83). ADH may play a metabolic role independent of alcohol detoxication, i.e. in the metabolism of higher alcohols (see Winberg, Thatcher and McKinley-McKee, 1982, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 704: 7-16). ADH also catalyses the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate (Heinstra, Eisses, Schoonen, Aben, de Winter, van de Horst, van Marrewijk, Beenakkers, Scharloo and Thorig, 1983, Genetica 60: 129-37; Moxon, Holmes, Parsons, Irving, and Doddrell, 1985, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80B: 525-35). Specific activity of ADH changes with development, with peaks at the end of the third larval instar and about four days after eclosion (Ursprung, Sofer and Burroughs, 1970, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. 164: 201-08; Dunn, Wilson and Jacobson, 1969, J. Exp. Zool. 171: 185-90; Leibenguth, Rammo and Dubiczky, 1979, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 187: 81-88; Maroni and Stamey, 1983, DIS 59: 77-79; Anderson and McDonald, 1981, Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 23: 305-13). Most of the activity is in the larval fat body and gut and the adult fat body (Ursprung, Sofer and Burroughs). Maternal inheritance of ADH by embryos and larvae (O'Donnell et al.; Leibenguth et al.). Half life of ADH-F in vivo estimated as 55.3 hours (Anderson and McDonald, 1981, Biochem. Genet. 19: 411-19). Not expressed in SL2 tissue culture cells, but transfected cloned gene is (Benyajati and Dray, 1984, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1701-05). Ethanol tolerance usually correlated with ADH activity and polymorphic experimental populations exposed to ethanol usually show an increase in the frequency AdhF (McDonald and Avise, 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 347-55; Cavener and Clegg, 1978, Genetics 90: 629-44; van Delden, Kamping and van Dijk, 1975, Experientia 31: 418-19; Oakeshott, Gibson, Anderson and Champ, 1980, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 33: 105-14; McDonald, Chambers, David and Ayala, 1977, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 4562-66). Flies carrying AdhF tend to be more resistant than those carrying only AdhS to ethanol [Kamping and van Delden, 1978, Biochem. Genet. 16: 541-55; Ainsley and Kitto, 1975, Isozymes (C. Markert, ed.). Academic Press, Vol. II, pp. 733-43; Briscoe, Robertson and Malpica, 1975, Nature (London) 253: 148-49]. Electrophoresis of homozygous genotypes usually reveals three interconvertable isozymes [Ursprung and Leone; Johnson and Denniston; Grell et al., 1965; Ursprung and Carlin, 1968, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 151: 456-75; Jacobson, Murphy and Hartmann, 1970, J. Biol. Chem. 245: 1075-83; Jacobson and Pfuderer, 1970, J. Biol. Chem. 245: 3938-44; Jacobson, Murphy and Ortiz, 1972, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 149: 22-35; Knopp and Jacobson, 1972, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 149: 36-41; Schwartz, Gerace, O'Donnell and Sofer, 1975, Isoenzymes (C. Markert, ed.). Academic Press, Vol. I, pp. 725-51]. These vary in activity and stability, the most cathodal being more active, but less stable, than the more anodal forms. They probably result from the binding of 0, 1 or 2 moles per mole of a NAD+ addition complex with a carbonyl compound [Schwartz and Sofer, 1976, Nature (London) 263: 129-31; Schwartz, O'Donnell and Sofer, 1979, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 194: 365-78; Winberg, Thatcher and McKinley-McKee, 1983, Biochem. Genet. 21: 63-80]. Feeding flies acetone, propan-2-ol, or 3-hydroxy-butanone, for example, converts isozymes to most anodal form and results in loss of enzyme activity in vitro and in vivo (Schwartz and Sofer, 1976; Papel, Henderson, van Herrewege, David and Sofer, 1979, Biochem. Genet. 17: 533-63). ADH has been purified (Sofer and Ursprung, 1968, J. Biol. Chem. 243: 3118-25; Schwartz et al., 1975; Thatcher, 1977, Biochem. J. 163: 317-23; Leigh Brown and Lee, 1979, Biochem. J. 179: 479-82; Juan and Gonzalez-Duarte, 1980, Biochem. J. 189: 105-10; Elliot and Knopp, 1975, Methods Enzymol. 41: 374-79; Chambers, 1984, Biochem. Genet. 22: 529-50). It is a homodimer with monomeric subunit molecular weight of 27500 daltons (Thatcher, 1980, Biochem. J. 187: 875-83); molecular extinction coefficient 4.8 X 104 liter/mol/cm (Juan and Gonzalez-Duarte, for ADH-S). Complete amino acid sequence determined by Thatcher (1980; see also Schwartz and Jornvall, 1976, Europ. J. Biochem. 68: 159-68; Auffret, Williams and Thatcher, 1978, FEBS Lett. 90: 324-26; Benyajati, Place, Powers, and Sofer, 1981, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 2317-21; Chambers, Laver, Campbell and Gibson, 1981, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 3103-07) with secondary structure predictions (Thatcher and Sawyer, 1980, Biochem J. 187: 884-86; Benyajati et al., 1981). Limited homology in supposed catalytic region with ribitol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella (Jornvall, Persson and Jeffry, 1981, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 4226-30). ADH shows a broad substrate specificity but is more active (by at least a factor of 5) with secondary than primary alcohols and shows highest activity to 3-6 carbon alcohols (Sofer and Ursprung; Thatcher and Camfield, 1977, Winberg et al., 1982, Chambers et al.). Differences in substrate specificity, kinetic constants and stability of different electrophoretic variants often reported (Anderson and McDonald, 1983, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 4798-802). Considerable heterogeneity in the specific activity of ADH within and between different AdhF and AdhS strains, though AdhS strains tend to be lower than AdhF [Day, Hillier and Clarke, 1974, Biochem. Genet. 11: 141-53, 155-65; Day and Needham, 1974, Biochem. Genet. 11: 167-75; Gibson, 1970, Nature (London) 227: 959-61; Gibson, Chambers, Wilkes and Oakeshott, 1980, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 33: 479-89; Gibson and Miklovitch, 1971, Experientia 27: 99-100; Kreitman, 1980, Genetics 95: 467-75; Oakeshott, 1976, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 29: 365-73; Sampsell, 1977, Biochem. Genet. 15: 971-88; Sampsell and Sims, 1982, Nature (London) 296: 853-55; Thorig, Schoone and Scharloo, 1975; Biochem. Genet. 13: 721-31; Vigue and Johnson; Hewitt, Pipkin, Williams and Chakrabartty, 1974, J. Hered. 65: 141-44; Ward, 1974, Biochem. Genet. 12: 449-58; Ward, 1975, Genet. Res. 26: 81-93; Maroni, Laurie-Ahlberg, Adams and Wilton, 1982, Genetics 101: 431-66; Rasmuson, Nilson and Zeppezauer, 1966, Hereditas 56: 313-16; Clarke, Camfield, Garvin and Pitts, 1979, Nature (London) 180: 517-18; Laurie-Ahlberg, Maroni, Bewley, Lucchesi and Weil, 1980, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 1073-77; Barnes and Birley, 1978, Heredity 40: 51-57; Barnes and Birley, 1978, Biochem. Genet. 16: 155-65; McDonald and Ayala, 1978, Genetics 89: 371-88; McDonald et al., 1980; Lewis and Gibson, 1978, Biochem. Genet. 16: 159-70]. With the exception of the studies by Thatcher and Sheik (1981, Biochem. J. 197: 111-17), Winberg et al. (1982), McDonald, Anderson and Santos (1980, Genetics 95: 1013-22); Eisses, Schoonen, Aben, Scharloo, and Thorig (1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 199: 76-81) and Moxon et al. (1985), these were all done with crude extracts and not purified enzyme. Thatcher and Sheikh find the relative thermostabilities to be ADH-S > ADH-F > ADH-n5 > ADH-D. ADH-S shows slower dissociation of NADH from NADN-enzyme complex than ADH-F (Winberg, Hovik, and McKinley-McKee, 1985, Biochem. Genet. 23: 205-16). ADH is not a metalloenzyme (Place, Powers and Sofer, 1980, Fed. Proc. 39: 1640); but, paradoxically, is inhibited by certain metal ion chelators, e.g. pyrazole (Place, Powers and Sofer; Winberg et al., 1982; Moxon et al., 1985). Utilization of ethanol as an energy source (van Herrewege and David, 1974, C. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 279D: 335-38; van Herrewege, David and Grantham, 1980, Experientia 36: 846-47; Libion-Mannaert, Delcour, Deltombe-Lietaert, Lenelle-Montfort and Elens, 1976, Experentia 32: 22-23) depends on ADH activity (David, Bocquet, van Herrewege, Fouillet and Arens, 1978, Biochem. Genet. 16: 203-11). AdhF homozygotes usually show a better ability to survive on ethanol as a sole energy source than AdhS homozygotes (Daly and Clarke, 1981, Heredity 46: 219-26; Anderson, McDonald and Santos, 1981, Experientia 37: 463-64). AdhF and AdhS homozygotes also show behavioural differences in their response to ethanol (Parsons, 1977 Oecologia 30: 141-46; Cavener, 1979, Behav. Genet. 9: 359-65; Gelan and McDonald, 1980, Behav. Genet. 10: 237-49; Hougonto, Lietaert, Libion-Mannaert, Feytmans and Elens, 1982, Genetica 58: 121-28; Parsons, 1980, Behav. Genet. 10: 183-90; Parsons, 1980, Experientia 36: 1070-71). D. simulans enzyme monomers form heterodimers with those of D. melanogaster (E.H. Grell); D. simulans enzyme purified (Juan and Gonzalez-Duarte, 1981, Biochem. J. 195: 61-69). Sequence of D. simulans ADH (from DNA) similar to that of AdhS with following changes: ser1 -> ala1; gln82 -> lys82; ile184 -> val184 (Bodmer and Ashburner, 1984, Nature 309: 425-30). D. simulans and D. melanogaster enzymes differentially regulated in hybrids (Dickenson, Rowan, and Brennan, 1984, Heredity 52: 215-25). The Adh genes from D. orena and D. mauritiana have also been sequenced (Bodmer and Ashburner), and those of D. erecta, D. teissieri and D. yakuba mapped with restriction enzymes (Langley, Montgomery and Quattlebaum, 1982, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 5631-35).
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Description
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atom feed
FB2011_10
References
Malherbe et al., 2005, J. evol. Biol. 18(4): 811--819
Carlini, 2004, J. evol. Biol. 17(4): 779--785
Zhang and Townsend, 2009, PLoS Comput. Biol. 5(6): e1000421
FB2012_01
References
Mahapatra et al., 2010, Toxicol. Sci. 116(1): 225--238
All updates Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
hide Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
35B3-35B3  
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}elBEP2039&P{PZ}osprJ571 and P{lacW}Su(H)k07904  
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
35B-35B  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Rohde et al., 1995)
35B-35B  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Papaceit and Juan, 1993)
35B3-35B3  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Benyajati et al., 1981)
35B3-35B5  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Goldberg, 1980)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
2-50.10
(O'Donnell et al., 1977)
2-50.1
(Harada et al., 1993)
1-
(Choudhary et al., 1992)
Left of (cM)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner, 1982)
Right of (cM)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Notes
Maps to the left of Tp(2;2)Sco. Extremely close to Tp(2;2)Sco.
(O'Donnell et al., 1977)
Maps 0.12cM to the left of Tp(2;2)Sco.
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
hide Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Adh for information on other features
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
detailed view FBtr0308753 FBtr0006151 FBtr0100589 FBtr0100594 FBtr0100591 FBtr0100590 FBtr0100593 FBtr0100187 FBtr0114465 FBtr0301495 FBtr0301496 FBtr0301494 FBpp0100047 FBpp0100048 FBpp0100050 FBpp0100045 FBpp0100051 FBpp0099544 FBpp0099545 FBpp0290710 FBpp0290709 FBpp0290711 FBpp0112957 FBti0015071 FBti0051096 FBti0014084 FBti0057324 FBti0110062 FBti0025816 FBti0018409 FBti0023167 FBti0056239
Comments on Gene Model
gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA ; SO:0000722
hide Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Associated CDS (aa)
Adh-RC
FBtr0100589
 NM_001032095
  1071
  256
Adh-RE
FBtr0100590
 NM_001032099
  1016
  256
Adh-RF
FBtr0100591
 NM_001032098
  2077
  256
Adh-RH
FBtr0100593
 NM_001032097
  2022
  256
Adh-RI
FBtr0100594
 NM_001032096
  1245
  256
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
1.150 (northern blot)
(Benyajati et al., 1983)
1.120 (northern blot)
(Benyajati et al., 1980)
1.5 (northern blot)
(Benyajati et al., 1982)
1.1 (northern blot)
(Murtha and Cavener, 1989, Goldberg, 1980)
1.0 (northern blot)
(van Gelder et al., 1995)
0.760 (sequence analysis)
(Benyajati et al., 1981)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
hide Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank protein
Adh-PC  
FBpp0100045  
27.7  
256  
7.57  
  NP_001027266
  AAO41200
Adh-PE  
FBpp0100047  
27.7  
256  
7.57  
  NP_001027270
  AAO41201
Adh-PF  
FBpp0100048  
27.7  
256  
7.57  
  NP_001027269
  AAF53403
Adh-PH  
FBpp0100050  
27.7  
256  
7.57  
  NP_001027268
  AAO41197
Adh-PI  
FBpp0100051  
27.7  
256  
7.57  
  NP_001027267
  AAO41199
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
255 (aa)
(Benyajati et al., 1981)
27 (kD)
(Fibla et al., 1989)
25 (kD)
(Benyajati et al., 1980)
24 (kD)
(Goldberg, 1980)
Comments
In vitro transcribed protein from a genomic Adh clone (gAC1 and sAC1) which was bound by an immobilized Adh antibody was run on a gel to show one protein product with an approximate size of 24kD. No Adh protein was recovered from an Actin clone or without the addition of DNA.
(Goldberg, 1980)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
•
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR (IPR002198)
Alcohol dehydrogenase, insect-type (IPR002424)
Alcohol dehydrogenase, Drosophila-type (IPR002425)
NAD(P)-binding domain (IPR016040)
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, conserved site (IPR020904)
hide Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Name
AA567713
 
AA698841
 
AE014134
AAF53403
 
AE014134
AAO41197
 
AE014134
AAO41199
 
AE014134
AAO41200
 
AE014134
AAO41201
 
AE003410
AAF44882
 
AF175211
AAF00229
 
AF175212
AAF00230
 
AF175213
AAF00231
 
AF175214
AAF00232
 
AF175215
AAF00233
 
AF175216
AAF00234
 
AF175217
AAF00235
 
AF175218
AAF00236
 
AF175219
AAF00237
 
AF175220
AAF00238
 
AI062419
 
AI108260
 
AI404819
 
AI404931
 
AI513113
 
AY060227
 
AZ933400
 
BH809483
 
BI566106
 
BI570978
 
BI571028
 
BI571034
 
BI571735
 
BI571793
 
BI571817
 
BI628420
 
BQ103669
 
BQ103726
 
BT012435
 
BT024256
 
BT025821
 
CK131199
 
CK131244
 
CK131258
 
CO309923
 
EC059790
 
EC059796
 
EC061729
 
EC064835
 
EC077104
 
EC082343
 
EC086373
 
EC087462
 
EC202096
 
EC204261
 
EC210700
 
EC215959
 
EC219811
 
EC236770
 
EC240581
 
EL871732
 
EL871759
 
EL871760
 
EL871885
 
EL871886
 
EL872517
 
EL872754
 
EL872933
 
EL872934
 
EL876836
 
EL877282
 
EL878889
 
EL878890
 
EL879132
 
EL880027
 
EL880054
 
EL881465
 
EL881991
 
EL881992
 
EL882062
 
EL882313
 
EL882338
 
EL884333
 
EL884334
 
EL884579
 
EL884580
 
EL884694
 
ES689219
 
ES689260
 
ES691545
 
ES691647
 
ES691741
 
ES691909
 
ES693446
 
EV575077
 
EV575094
 
EV575756
 
EV575806
 
EV575949
 
EV576347
 
EV576383
 
EV576533
 
EV576741
 
EV576855
 
EV576905
 
EV576984
 
EV577229
 
EV577465
 
EV577530
 
EV577548
 
EV578010
 
EV578088
 
EV578254
 
EV578298
 
EV578427
 
EV578480
 
EV578611
 
EV579034
 
EV579090
 
EV579150
 
EV579306
 
EV579590
 
EV579599
 
EV579729
 
EV579935
 
EV580075
 
EV580452
 
EV580597
 
EV580672
 
EV580841
 
EV581008
 
EV581487
 
EV582227
 
EV582399
 
EV582621
 
EV582660
 
EV582892
 
EV582933
 
EV583217
 
EV583352
 
EV583422
 
EV583749
 
EV583837
 
EV583852
 
EV583923
 
EV584255
 
EV584266
 
EV584487
 
EV584881
 
EV585193
 
EV585606
 
EV585798
 
EV585809
 
EV585857
 
EV585963
 
EV586050
 
EV586064
 
EV586185
 
EV586587
 
EV586803
 
EV587011
 
EV587665
 
EV587751
 
EV587834
 
EV589027
 
EV590221
 
EV590613
 
EV590990
 
EV592822
 
EV593501
 
EV593751
 
EV595136
 
EV595225
 
EV595248
 
EV595350
 
EV595438
 
EV595765
 
EV595928
 
EV596018
 
EV596044
 
EV596171
 
EV596544
 
EV596839
 
EV596917
 
EV597059
 
EV597088
 
EV597287
 
EV598265
 
EV598457
 
EV598588
 
EV598712
 
EV599032
 
EV599092
 
EV599933
 
EV600264
 
EV600695
 
FD585476
 
FD585481
 
FD585754
 
FD585766
 
FD585774
 
FD585782
 
FD585843
 
FD586214
 
FD586733
 
FD587467
 
FD587543
 
GH739220
 
GH740791
 
GH740831
 
GH741318
 
GH741391
 
GH742194
 
GH742300
 
GH742451
 
GH742580
 
GH743360
 
GH743723
 
GH744273
 
GH744614
 
GH747226
 
GH749452
 
GH751193
 
GH752113
 
GH752652
 
GH759278
 
GH761484
 
GH761905
 
GH762366
 
GH762529
 
GH763319
 
GH763340
 
GH764391
 
GH764497
 
GH765175
 
GH765768
 
GH766282
 
GH766393
 
GH766869
 
GH767175
 
GH767249
 
GH767744
 
GH768775
 
GH769190
 
GH769519
 
GH770847
 
GH771439
 
GH778033
 
GH778443
 
GH782152
 
GH784241
 
GH786792
 
GH794617
 
GH794683
 
GH794859
 
GH803431
 
GH806918
 
GH807115
 
GH809494
 
GH809863
 
GH812273
 
GH816575
 
GH821001
 
GH822847
 
GH823667
 
GH824958
 
GH826435
 
GH827467
 
GH830977
 
GH840974
 
GH842438
 
GH844605
 
GH845420
 
GH847944
 
GH852344
 
GH854119
 
GH856219
 
GH857766
 
GH861388
 
GH865493
 
GH870220
 
GH871172
 
GH872804
 
GH873216
 
GH875696
 
GH875934
 
GH876970
 
GH882915
 
GH888820
 
GH892936
 
GH892996
 
GH894785
 
GH901508
 
GH905377
 
GH907518
 
GH911403
 
GH912014
 
GH912096
 
GH921515
 
GH921642
 
GH923346
 
GH923513
 
GH927940
 
GH933307
 
GH935404
 
GH935474
 
J01066
 
M17827
AAA28341
 
M17828
AAA28342
 
M17830
AAA28343
 
M17831
AAA28344
 
M17832
AAA28345
 
M17833
AAA28346
 
M17834
AAA28347
 
M17835
AAA28348
 
M17836
AAA28349
 
M17837
AAA70212
 
M17845
AAA28363
 
M19547
AAA70210
 
M22210
AAA28338
 
M29635
 
M29636
 
M36580
AAA28331
 
M57239
AAA28330
 
M71284
 
M73256
 
U20765
AAA88817
 
U35852
 
X04454
 
X15607
 
X60791
CAA43204
 
X60792
CAA43205
 
X60793
CAA43206
 
X66233
 
X78384
CAA55151
 
X78385
 
X78386
 
X78387
 
X78402
 
X78916
 
X78917
 
X98338
CAA66981
 
Z00030
CAA77330
 
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
hide Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.
Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.
Type
Symbol & Location
Additional Notes
References
protein binding site
FBsf0000160771
2L:14,615,337..14,615,369
bound_moiety=Trl-XP
evidence=experimental
(Benyajati et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160772
2L:14,615,753..14,615,780
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160773
2L:14,614,981..14,615,006
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160774
2L:14,615,550..14,615,579
bound_moiety=Trl-XP
evidence=experimental
(Benyajati et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160775
2L:14,616,002..14,616,052
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160776
2L:14,615,471..14,615,510
evidence=experimental
(Heberlein et al., 1985, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160777
2L:14,616,126..14,616,169
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160778
2L:14,615,395..14,615,429
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160779
2L:14,615,866..14,615,883
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160780
2L:14,615,473..14,615,509
bound_moiety=Adf1-XP
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160781
2L:14,615,432..14,615,462
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160782
2L:14,615,512..14,615,536
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160783
2L:14,616,057..14,616,068
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160784
2L:14,615,623..14,615,645
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160785
2L:14,616,172..14,616,209
bound_moiety=Adf1-XP
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160786
2L:14,616,180..14,616,193
bound_moiety=srp-XP
evidence=experimental
(Abel et al., 1993, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160787
2L:14,615,352..14,615,375
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160788
2L:14,615,563..14,615,583
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160789
2L:14,616,171..14,616,192
evidence=experimental
(Heberlein et al., 1985, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160790
2L:14,615,680..14,615,705
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160791
2L:14,615,019..14,615,042
bound_moiety=Aef1-XP
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Falb and Maniatis, 1992, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160792
2L:14,615,066..14,615,084
evidence=experimental
(Bergman et al., 2004, Moses et al., 1990)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160793
2L:14,616,265..14,616,279
bound_moiety=Aef1-XP
evidence=experimental
(Ren and Maniatis, 1998, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160794
2L:14,615,221..14,615,228
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
protein binding site
FBsf0000160795
2L:14,615,810..14,615,819
evidence=experimental
(Moses et al., 1990, Bergman et al., 2004)
hide External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters
•
hide Expression Data
hideTranscript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 14 -- 15  
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic stage 14 -- 16  
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic stage 17  
embryonic/larval midgut  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
larval stage  
pharyngeal muscle  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
posterior embryonic/larval midgut  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
anterior embryonic/larval midgut  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
third instar larval stage  
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
gastric caecum  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
embryonic/larval midgut  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
adult stage  
adult fat body  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
cardial valve  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult stage & oogenesis  
nurse cell  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage | early  
 
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic stage 1  
organism | ubiquitous  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 5  
cell  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
Comment:all cells of cell layer
embryonic stage 6 -- 8  
cephalic furrow  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
amnioproctodeal invagination  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 6 -- 10  
epithelial furrow  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 6 -- 14  
germ band  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 16  
gastric caecum  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic stage 17  
fat body  
(Canestro et al., 2003)
larval stage  
mid embryonic/larval midgut  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
gastric caecum  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
third instar larval stage  
embryonic/larval brain  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
gastric caecum  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
embryonic/larval midgut  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
imaginal disc  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult stage  
adult brain  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult stage & oogenesis  
oocyte  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage  
 
(Benyajati et al., 1983)
third instar larval stage  
embryonic/larval salivary gland  
(Visa et al., 1988)
embryonic/larval midgut  
(Visa et al., 1988)
adult stage  
 
(Benyajati et al., 1983, van Gelder et al., 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
hidePolypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage  
Malpighian tubule  
(Fibla et al., 1989)
midgut  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
embryonic/larval digestive system  
(Fibla et al., 1989)
adult stage  
male reproductive system  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
midgut  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult fat body  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult stage & oogenesis  
nurse cell  
(Visa et al., 1992)
cystocyte  
(Visa et al., 1992)
enzyme assay or biochemical detection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage  
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Fibla et al., 1989)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage  
gastric caecum  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
embryonic/larval fat body  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult stage  
Malpighian tubule  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
cardial valve  
(Anderson et al., 1991)
adult stage & oogenesis  
ovary  
(Visa et al., 1992)
oocyte  
(Visa et al., 1992)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male  
spermatozoon  
(Dorus et al., 2006)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood  
adult heart  
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Monoclonal antibodies MMBB8 and LLBE8 were used to analyse the temporal and tissue-specific patterns of Adh gene expression. In the early stages of oogenesis, small amounts of Adh protein are detectable in the cystocytes. At the beginning of vitellogenesis, Adh protein is located mainly in the nurse cells. During late oogenesis, multiple Adh protein-positive bodies of varying size appear in the ooplasm. Adh protein is compartmentalized within the yolk or β-spheres.
(Visa et al., 1992)
The amount of Adh protein was maximal for fat body, intermediate for intestinal duct, minimal for Malpighian tubules and carcass, and non-detectable in the brain.
(Fibla et al., 1989)
In tissues such as fat body, gastric caeca, and adult cardiac valve the patterns of Adh RNA and protein expression are identical. Other tissues such as oocytes, nurse cells, imaginal discs, and brain have the same or lower levels of RNA but little or no Adh protein.
(Anderson et al., 1991)
As the concentration of ethanol in the diet is increased, the amount of Adh protein in the midgut increases. None is observed in the foregut or hindgut.
(Hartman et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
hide High-Throughput Expression Data
or
Untitled Document detailed view Adhr-RA Adh-RC Adh-RI Adh-RF Adh-RE Adh-RH Adhr-RB osp-RC osp-RE osp-RF osp-RD
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0000055


   Styles
Linear
Logarithmic
Heatmap
   Scales
max expr for FBgn0000055
Very low expression bin max
Moderate expression bin max
High expression bin max
Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the larval period, in adult male stages. This gene is annotated by FlyBase as a dicistronic gene, meaning that some or all of its transcripts encode two or more polypeptide-coding open reading frames (ORFs) , with each ORF assigned to a different gene. The distribution of RNA-Seq coverage data amongst the different encoded genes cannot be determined.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
 No expression (0 - 0)
 
 Extremely low expression (1 - 10)
 
 Very low expression (11 - 100)
 
 Low expression (101 - 400)
 
 Moderate expression (401 - 1400)
 
 Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)
 
 High expression (4001 - 10000)
 
 Very high expression (10001 - 100000)
 
 Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000)

Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000055 expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 8270
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 
 4499
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7464
embryo 18-20hr
 
 18128
embryo 20-22hr
 
 36780
embryo 22-24hr
 
 59599
larva L1
 
 77050
larva L2
 
 118789
larva L3 12hr old
 
 180270
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 106979
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 49757
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 9000
white prepupae new
 
 3936
white prepupae 12hr
 
 5619
white prepupae 24hr
 
 3604
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3710
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 4854
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 48907
adult male 01day
 
 172892
adult male 05day
 
 174623
adult male 30day
 
 104458
adult female 01day
 
 97642
adult female 05day
 
 64019
adult female 30day
 
 65715
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Linear, scaled to Very low expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 (8270)
embryo 02-04hr
 (306)
embryo 04-06hr
 (168)
embryo 06-08hr
 (187)
embryo 08-10hr
 (275)
embryo 10-12hr
 (431)
embryo 12-14hr
 (857)
embryo 14-16hr
 (4499)
embryo 16-18hr
 (7464)
embryo 18-20hr
 (18128)
embryo 20-22hr
 (36780)
embryo 22-24hr
 (59599)
larva L1
 (77050)
larva L2
 (118789)
larva L3 12hr old
 (180270)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 (106979)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 (49757)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 (9000)
white prepupae new
 (3936)
white prepupae 12hr
 (5619)
white prepupae 24hr
 (3604)
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3710)
pupae 3d postWPP
 (4854)
pupae 4d postWPP
 (48907)
adult male 01day
 (172892)
adult male 05day
 (174623)
adult male 30day
 (104458)
adult female 01day
 (97642)
adult female 05day
 (64019)
adult female 30day
 (65715)
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 (8270)
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 (4499)
embryo 16-18hr
 (7464)
embryo 18-20hr
 (18128)
embryo 20-22hr
 (36780)
embryo 22-24hr
 (59599)
larva L1
 (77050)
larva L2
 (118789)
larva L3 12hr old
 (180270)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 (106979)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 (49757)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 (9000)
white prepupae new
 (3936)
white prepupae 12hr
 (5619)
white prepupae 24hr
 (3604)
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3710)
pupae 3d postWPP
 (4854)
pupae 4d postWPP
 (48907)
adult male 01day
 (172892)
adult male 05day
 (174623)
adult male 30day
 (104458)
adult female 01day
 (97642)
adult female 05day
 (64019)
adult female 30day
 (65715)
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 8270
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 
 4499
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7464
embryo 18-20hr
 (18128)
embryo 20-22hr
 (36780)
embryo 22-24hr
 (59599)
larva L1
 (77050)
larva L2
 (118789)
larva L3 12hr old
 (180270)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 (106979)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 (49757)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 9000
white prepupae new
 
 3936
white prepupae 12hr
 
 5619
white prepupae 24hr
 
 3604
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3710
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 4854
pupae 4d postWPP
 (48907)
adult male 01day
 (172892)
adult male 05day
 (174623)
adult male 30day
 (104458)
adult female 01day
 (97642)
adult female 05day
 (64019)
adult female 30day
 (65715)
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 8270
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 
 4499
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7464
embryo 18-20hr
 
 18128
embryo 20-22hr
 
 36780
embryo 22-24hr
 
 59599
larva L1
 
 77050
larva L2
 
 118789
larva L3 12hr old
 
 180270
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 106979
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 49757
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 9000
white prepupae new
 
 3936
white prepupae 12hr
 
 5619
white prepupae 24hr
 
 3604
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3710
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 4854
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 48907
adult male 01day
 
 172892
adult male 05day
 
 174623
adult male 30day
 
 104458
adult female 01day
 
 97642
adult female 05day
 
 64019
adult female 30day
 
 65715
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000055 expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 8270
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 
 4499
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7464
embryo 18-20hr
 
 18128
embryo 20-22hr
 
 36780
embryo 22-24hr
 
 59599
larva L1
 
 77050
larva L2
 
 118789
larva L3 12hr old
 
 180270
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 106979
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 49757
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 9000
white prepupae new
 
 3936
white prepupae 12hr
 
 5619
white prepupae 24hr
 
 3604
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3710
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 4854
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 48907
adult male 01day
 
 172892
adult male 05day
 
 174623
adult male 30day
 
 104458
adult female 01day
 
 97642
adult female 05day
 
 64019
adult female 30day
 
 65715
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to Very low expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 (8270)
embryo 02-04hr
 (306)
embryo 04-06hr
 (168)
embryo 06-08hr
 (187)
embryo 08-10hr
 (275)
embryo 10-12hr
 (431)
embryo 12-14hr
 (857)
embryo 14-16hr
 (4499)
embryo 16-18hr
 (7464)
embryo 18-20hr
 (18128)
embryo 20-22hr
 (36780)
embryo 22-24hr
 (59599)
larva L1
 (77050)
larva L2
 (118789)
larva L3 12hr old
 (180270)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 (106979)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 (49757)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 (9000)
white prepupae new
 (3936)
white prepupae 12hr
 (5619)
white prepupae 24hr
 (3604)
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3710)
pupae 3d postWPP
 (4854)
pupae 4d postWPP
 (48907)
adult male 01day
 (172892)
adult male 05day
 (174623)
adult male 30day
 (104458)
adult female 01day
 (97642)
adult female 05day
 (64019)
adult female 30day
 (65715)
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 (8270)
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 (4499)
embryo 16-18hr
 (7464)
embryo 18-20hr
 (18128)
embryo 20-22hr
 (36780)
embryo 22-24hr
 (59599)
larva L1
 (77050)
larva L2
 (118789)
larva L3 12hr old
 (180270)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 (106979)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 (49757)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 (9000)
white prepupae new
 (3936)
white prepupae 12hr
 (5619)
white prepupae 24hr
 (3604)
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3710)
pupae 3d postWPP
 (4854)
pupae 4d postWPP
 (48907)
adult male 01day
 (172892)
adult male 05day
 (174623)
adult male 30day
 (104458)
adult female 01day
 (97642)
adult female 05day
 (64019)
adult female 30day
 (65715)
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 8270
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 
 4499
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7464
embryo 18-20hr
 18128
embryo 20-22hr
 (36780)
embryo 22-24hr
 (59599)
larva L1
 (77050)
larva L2
 (118789)
larva L3 12hr old
 (180270)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 (106979)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 (49757)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 9000
white prepupae new
 
 3936
white prepupae 12hr
 
 5619
white prepupae 24hr
 
 3604
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3710
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 4854
pupae 4d postWPP
 (48907)
adult male 01day
 (172892)
adult male 05day
 (174623)
adult male 30day
 (104458)
adult female 01day
 (97642)
adult female 05day
 (64019)
adult female 30day
 (65715)
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 8270
embryo 02-04hr
 
 306
embryo 04-06hr
 
 168
embryo 06-08hr
 
 187
embryo 08-10hr
 
 275
embryo 10-12hr
 
 431
embryo 12-14hr
 
 857
embryo 14-16hr
 
 4499
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7464
embryo 18-20hr
 
 18128
embryo 20-22hr
 
 36780
embryo 22-24hr
 
 59599
larva L1
 
 77050
larva L2
 
 118789
larva L3 12hr old
 
 180270
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 106979
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 49757
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 9000
white prepupae new
 
 3936
white prepupae 12hr
 
 5619
white prepupae 24hr
 
 3604
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3710
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 4854
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 48907
adult male 01day
 
 172892
adult male 05day
 
 174623
adult male 30day
 
 104458
adult female 01day
 
 97642
adult female 05day
 
 64019
adult female 30day
 
 65715
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 
embryo 02-04hr
 
 
embryo 04-06hr
 
 
embryo 06-08hr
 
 
embryo 08-10hr
 
 
embryo 10-12hr
 
 
embryo 12-14hr
 
 
embryo 14-16hr
 
 
embryo 16-18hr
 
 
embryo 18-20hr
 
 
embryo 20-22hr
 
 
embryo 22-24hr
 
 
larva L1
 
 
larva L2
 
 
larva L3 12hr old
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 
white prepupae new
 
 
white prepupae 12hr
 
 
white prepupae 24hr
 
 
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 
adult male 01day
 
 
adult male 05day
 
 
adult male 30day
 
 
adult female 01day
 
 
adult female 05day
 
 
adult female 30day
 
 

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0000055


   Styles
Linear
Logarithmic
Heatmap
Back-to-back
   Scales
max expr for FBgn0000055
Moderate expression bin max
High level expression bin max
Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval salivary gland, adult testis.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
 
 No expression (0 - 9.999)
 
 Low expression (10 - 99.999)
 
 Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
 
 High level expression (500 - 999.999)
 
 Very high expression (1000 - 25000)

Heatmap
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System no informative data
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut no informative data
Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data
Larval Fat Body no informative data
Larval Salivary Gland no informative data
Larval Trachea no informative data
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye no informative data
Adult Brain no informative data
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data
Adult Crop no informative data
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut no informative data
Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data
Adult Fat Body no informative data
Adult Salivary Gland no informative data
Adult Heart no informative data
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data
Adult Ovary no informative data
Adult Testis no informative data
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass no informative data

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
hide Expression Clusters
A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.
(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010)
hide External Data & Images
Linkouts
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
•
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
•
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
•
Show all FlyExpress processed images for Adh
hide Alleles & Phenotypes
hide Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Other Phenotypes
Allele
chemical resistant
chemical resistant (with Adhn6)
chemical resistant (with Adhn11)
chemical sensitive
chemical sensitive (with Adhfn6)
chemical sensitive (with Adhfn23)
chemical sensitive (with Adhn1)
electrophoretic variant
electrophoretic variant | fast
electrophoretic variant | slow
locomotor behavior defective | drug conditional (with Adhfn6)
locomotor behavior defective | drug conditional (with Adhfn23)
locomotor behavior defective | drug conditional (with Adhn1)
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
hide Classical Alleles ( 191 )
For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of AdhClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
AdhnBloss of function allele55 Yes
Adhfn23loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence31 Yes
AdhUF26 Yes
Adhn4amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele18 Yes
Adhn2loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence14 Yes
AdhD10 Yes
Adhn7loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence8 Yes
AdhF8 Yes
Adhn11amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence6 Yes
Adhn1loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence6 Yes
AdhnC16 --
AdhS6 Yes
Adhn5amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence5 --
Adhfn6loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence4 Yes
Adhn10amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele2 Yes
AdhBG010491 Yes
AdhF'1 Yes
AdhKG053451 Yes
AdhUS1 Yes
AdhAC14amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAC22amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAC53amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAC80amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAC95amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH108amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH26amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH36amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH41amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH52amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH70amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH77amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH98amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAH9amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAP81amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAT240amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAT265amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAT33amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
AdhAT340amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 --
Adhfn4loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
Adhn12loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 --
Adhn13amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 --
Adhn14amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 Yes
Adhn3loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 --
Adhn6amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 --
Adhn8loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 --
Adhn9loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 --
AdhnAC14amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAC22amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAC95amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnACH105amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnACH449amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAH144amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAH52loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnAH9amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAP81amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAT33amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnAT340amorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
AdhnBR108loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR112amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR114amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR28amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnBR43loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR50amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnBR51amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR52loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR53amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnBR54amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnBR56loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhnLA248loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
AdhΔ25amorphic allele - molecular evidence0 Yes
Adh+D.2wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I.28wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I.35wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I.48wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I.4wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I.7wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I1.0wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I1.5wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I3.0wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I4.5wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh+I5.0wild-type allele0 Yes
Adh1Metloss of function allele0 Yes
Adh3intloss of function allele0 Yes
Adh71k0 Yes
AdhA146Vloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhA14Vloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhA158Vloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhA159Vloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhA10 Yes
AdhAAS440 Yes
AdhAC50 --
AdhAf-F0 Yes
AdhAf-S0 Yes
AdhAR720 Yes
AdhB70 Yes
AdhBG270 Yes
AdhCA-F10 --
AdhCA-S10 --
AdhChD120 Yes
AdhCr140 Yes
AdhCS470 Yes
AdhD.20 Yes
AdhDup0 Yes
AdhF(o)0 --
AdhF-ChD0 Yes
AdhFl-2S0 Yes
AdhFl-F0 Yes
AdhFl1-S0 Yes
AdhFm0 --
Adhfn24loss of function allele0 Yes
Adhfn45loss of function allele0 Yes
Adhfn46loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhFr-F0 Yes
AdhFr-S0 Yes
AdhFr0 --
AdhFs0 --
AdhG112Dloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG139Eloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG155Dloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG150 --
AdhG17Eloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG17Rloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG184Closs of function allele0 Yes
AdhG184Dloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG93Eloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhG93Rloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhGC-10 --
AdhH-R0 --
Adhh120 Yes
Adhh130 Yes
AdhH150 Yes
AdhH200 Yes
Adhh210 Yes
Adhh30 Yes
AdhI1.50 Yes
AdhI5.00 Yes
AdhJa-F0 Yes
AdhJa-S0 Yes
Adhjockey0 Yes
Adhk150 Yes
Adhk300 Yes
AdhKA120 Yes
AdhKA130 --
AdhKA160 --
AdhKA270 Yes
AdhMM-500 --
Adhn9670 --
AdhnAloss of function allele0 --
AdhnAChT
0 Yes
AdhnAus0 --
AdhnBR-167
0 Yes
AdhnBR18
0 Yes
AdhnBR4
0 Yes
AdhNC160 Yes
AdhnC2hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence0 --
AdhnCA14loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnCh
0 --
Adhnf3
0 --
AdhnLA249loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnLA252loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnLA2loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnLA319loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnLA378loss of function allele0 --
AdhnLA3790 --
AdhnLA405loss of function allele0 --
AdhnLA73loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnLA74loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnLA80loss of function allele0 Yes
AdhnNC1loss of function allele0 --
AdhP183Lloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhQ101stoploss of function allele0 Yes
AdhRI-420 Yes
AdhRI320 Yes
AdhRI370 --
AdhS140Floss of function allele0 Yes
AdhS154Floss of function allele0 Yes
AdhS166Floss of function allele0 Yes
AdhSf10 Yes
AdhSi440 --
AdhSL
0 Yes
AdhSm0 --
AdhSs0 --
AdhT186Iloss of function allele0 Yes
AdhW124stoploss of function allele0 Yes
AdhW236stoploss of function allele0 Yes
AdhW0 Yes
AdhWa-F0 Yes
AdhWa-S0 Yes
AdhWI080 --
AdhWI090 --
AdhΔ170 Yes
hide Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 396 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of AdhClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
Adh+t3.264 Yes
AdhJF030421 Yes
Adh+t*0 --
Adh+t11.80 Yes
Adh+t3.2.Δ-492:-4810 Yes
Adh+t4.60 Yes
Adh+t4.80 Yes
Adh+tOa0 --
Adh+tS0 Yes
Adh-662.Adh0 Yes
Adh11Δ0 Yes
Adh3.20 Yes
Adh3.2dsw0 Yes
Adh386.NP60 Yes
Adh5'3'AAE0 Yes
Adh5'P3'DP0 Yes
AdhAct5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhAF00 Yes
AdhALE:P-1100 Yes
AdhALE:P-1870 Yes
AdhALE:P-2420 Yes
AdhALE:P-3860 Yes
AdhALE:P-800 Yes
AdhALEhs0 Yes
AdhAmy-p.4300 Yes
AdhARP-90 Yes
AdhCA-194.70 Yes
AdhCA-194.880 Yes
AdhCA-194.80 Yes
AdhCOA-194.80 Yes
AdhcRa0 Yes
AdhD+53:+3280 Yes
AdhD-127:-630 Yes
AdhD-21900 Yes
AdhD-28300 Yes
AdhD-33500 Yes
AdhD-35500 Yes
AdhD-50000 Yes
AdhD-660:-1280 Yes
AdhD-660:-600 Yes
AdhD-6600 Yes
AdhD-66:+530 Yes
AdhD13200 Yes
AdhD690 Yes
AdhD69P3860 Yes
Adhd0 Yes
AdhDdc.S.+40 Yes
AdhDdc.S.+0 Yes
AdhDebA.DA4170 Yes
AdhDebA.DA4420 Yes
AdhDebA.DAJ0 Yes
AdhDebA.DAP0 Yes
AdhDebA.DAR0 Yes
AdhDebA.DAS0 Yes
AdhDsim\Adh-Ral1-2.P0 Yes
AdhdsRNA.cRa0 Yes
AdhE2mut0 Yes
AdhEip71CD.1880 Yes
AdhF.hs.P10 Yes
AdhF.hs.P20 Yes
AdhF.hs.P30 Yes
AdhF.hs.P40 Yes
AdhF.hs.P50 Yes
AdhF.hs.P60 Yes
AdhFA0 Yes
AdhFB0 Yes
AdhFbp1.-1300:+800 Yes
AdhFbp1.A110 Yes
AdhFbp1.A120 Yes
AdhFbp1.A10 Yes
AdhFbp1.A80 Yes
AdhFbp1.AHp0 Yes
AdhFbp1.ASt0 Yes
AdhFbp1.B160 Yes
AdhFbp1.C100 Yes
AdhFbp1.C210 Yes
AdhFbp1.H120 Yes
AdhFbp1.HHp0 Yes
AdhFbp1.HΔHp0 Yes
AdhFbp1.J160 Yes
AdhFbp1.J180 Yes
AdhFbp1.J90 Yes
AdhFbp1.M160 Yes
AdhFbp1.MHp0 Yes
AdhFbp1.N10 Yes
AdhFbp1.N30 Yes
AdhFbp1.O180 Yes
AdhFbp1.P0 Yes
AdhFbp1.R50 Yes
AdhFbp1.S110 Yes
AdhFbp1.SHp0 Yes
AdhFbp1.T70 Yes
AdhFbp1.X20 Yes
AdhFFS0 Yes
AdhFSF0 Yes
AdhFSS0 Yes
AdhfT176T0 Yes
AdhGC-1.B0 Yes
AdhGC-1.C0 Yes
AdhGC-1.D0 Yes
AdhGC-1.E0 Yes
AdhGC-1.F0 Yes
AdhGC-1.G0 Yes
AdhGC-1.H0 Yes
AdhGC-1.I0 Yes
AdhGC-1.J0 Yes
AdhGC-1.K0 Yes
AdhGGAX-70 Yes
AdhGGAX-880 Yes
AdhGGAX-80 Yes
AdhGOS0 Yes
AdhHAP-PEE0 Yes
AdhHAP0 Yes
AdhHindIII0 Yes
Adhhs.70CA700 Yes
Adhhs.70CAA0 Yes
Adhhs.A.700 Yes
Adhhs.A.A0 Yes
Adhhs.PC0 Yes
Adhhs.PG0 Yes
Adhhs.PS0 Yes
AdhK193T0 Yes
AdhKA27.MM0 Yes
AdhLsBbbf20 --
AdhLTR0 Yes
AdhMtnA.Pn0 Yes
Adhn4.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
Adhn4.hs0 Yes
Adhn4.ΔIN3.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhnB.hs0 Yes
AdhnBR114.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhnBR114.ΔIN3.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhnL58A.hs0 Yes
AdhNS11860 Yes
AdhNS11910 Yes
AdhNS190 Yes
AdhNS10 Yes
AdhNS20 Yes
AdhNS30 Yes
AdhNS40 Yes
AdhNS50 Yes
AdhNS60 Yes
AdhNS70 Yes
AdhNS80 Yes
AdhNSΔ10 Yes
AdhNSΔ20 Yes
AdhNSΔ30 Yes
AdhNSΔ40 Yes
AdhNSΔ50 Yes
AdhNSΔ60 Yes
AdhNSΔ70 Yes
AdhNSΔ80 Yes
AdhP-3860 Yes
AdhPTC.ΔIN3.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhPTC2.ΔIN3.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhRI-42.tDa0 Yes
Adhrv10 --
Adhrv2-10 --
Adhrv20 --
Adhrv3-10 --
Adhrv3-20 --
Adhrv3-30 --
Adhrv50 --
Adhry.J150 Yes
Adhry.M120 Yes
Adhry.U40 Yes
Adhry.X10 Yes
Adhry.X30 Yes
AdhSA-400.80 Yes
AdhSalI0 Yes
AdhSFF0 Yes
AdhSFS0 Yes
AdhSgs3.GA930 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAd1300 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAd0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdE-G<down>1G2H3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdE-G<down>1H2H3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdE-H<down>1H2H3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdE0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>1,2</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>1-3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>1</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>1H1-3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>1ΔU3RH1-3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>3</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.glAdEΔU<down>3R</up>0 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.130 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.220 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-100.-320 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-101-930 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-101.-750 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-1020 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-103.-530 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-106-980 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-340 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-35.+2.-930 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-370 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-400 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-430 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-44.-43.-360 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-45.-670 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-470 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-520 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-540 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-58.-810 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-590 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-60-520 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-600 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-61.-550 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-62-540 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-620 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-630 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-640 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-65-570 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-650 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-66.+10 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-670 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-680 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-690 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-700 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-710 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-720 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-730 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-74-660 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-74.-860 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-750 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-760 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-770 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-780 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-790 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-800 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-810 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-820 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-83-750 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-830 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-84.-430 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-850 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-860 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-870 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-880 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-89.-730 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-890 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-900 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-91.-1030 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-92-840 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-92.+20 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-930 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-940 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-950 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-960 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-970 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-980 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98.-99.-510 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.980 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98DΔ3000 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98DΔ300 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98DΔ3540 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98DΔ4100 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98DΔ4400 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98PΔ160 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98PΔ200 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98PΔ240 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98PΔ880 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA.98R0 Yes
AdhSgs3.GOA2.760 Yes
AdhSgs4.-4450 Yes
AdhSgs4.-4980 Yes
AdhSgs4.-5670 Yes
AdhSgs4.-8380 Yes
AdhSgs4.-838B0 Yes
AdhSgs4.-838C0 Yes
AdhSgs4.-838E0 Yes
AdhSgs4.3.I.II.III.IV0 Yes
AdhSgs4.5.I.II.III.IV0 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-437-149:-568-4980 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-464-1490 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-498-1490 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-498-2740 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-498-3920 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-498-4400 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-515-1490 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-515-4400 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-1490 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-149ΔII0 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-2740 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-274ΔII0 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-3160 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-3710 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-3970 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-4400 Yes
AdhSgs4.AF-568-4730 Yes
AdhSgs4.GARP-10 Yes
AdhSgs4.GARP-2120 Yes
AdhSgs4.GARP-3010 Yes
AdhSgs4.I.II0 Yes
AdhSgs4.I.III.IV0 Yes
AdhSgs4.I.III0 Yes
AdhSgs4.I0 Yes
AdhSgs4.II.III0 Yes
AdhSgs4.II0 Yes
AdhSgs4.III0 Yes
AdhSgs4.PASL0 Yes
AdhSgs4.SA-4000 Yes
AdhSgs4.SAX0 Yes
AdhSgs4.SMUL0 Yes
AdhSgs7.GAX0.120 Yes
AdhSgs7.GAX0.240 Yes
AdhSgs7.GAX0.260 Yes
AdhSgs7.GLAX1.00 Yes
AdhSSF0 Yes
AdhsT176T0 Yes
AdhT193K0 Yes
AdhTA20 Yes
AdhtAF00 Yes
Adhtra.rss0 Yes
Adhw.E10 Yes
Adhw.E20 Yes
Adhw.E40 Yes
Adhw.E50 Yes
Adhw.E60 Yes
Adhw.E70 Yes
Adhw.E80 Yes
Adhw.F10 Yes
Adhw.F20 Yes
Adhw.F30 Yes
Adhw.F4-10 Yes
Adhw.F4-20 Yes
Adhw.F4-30 Yes
Adhw.PR0 Yes
AdhWa-F.1-S0 Yes
AdhWa-F.10Leu0 Yes
AdhWa-F.1Leu0 Yes
AdhWa-F.6Leu0 Yes
AdhWa-F.C819T.G1756A0 Yes
AdhWa-F.C819T0 Yes
AdhWa-F.G1756A0 Yes
AdhWa-F.S0 Yes
AdhWa-F.tCa0 Yes
AdhWa-F.Δ1762-17690 Yes
AdhWa-S.1-F0 Yes
AdhWa-S.F0 Yes
AdhWa-S.tCa0 Yes
AdhWa-S.Δ1762-17690 Yes
AdhWX40090 Yes
AdhWX40140 Yes
AdhWX40150 Yes
AdhWX40160 Yes
AdhWX40170 Yes
AdhWX40500 Yes
AdhWX40630 Yes
AdhWX40640 Yes
AdhY152H0 Yes
AdhYp1.-8870 Yes
AdhYp1.37-1050 Yes
AdhYp1.65-360 Yes
AdhYp1.IRsub30 Yes
AdhYp1.PS0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZAPH0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZAPU0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZARG0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZARH0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZARS0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZARU0 Yes
AdhYp1.ZAΔUE0 Yes
AdhYp1Δb0 Yes
AdhYp1Δc0 Yes
AdhYp1Δd0 Yes
AdhYp1Δe0 Yes
AdhYp1Δf0 Yes
AdhYp1Δg0 Yes
AdhYp1Δh0 Yes
AdhYp1Δi0 Yes
AdhYp1Δj0 Yes
AdhΔ-1845:-6600 Yes
AdhΔ-2395:-6600 Yes
AdhΔ-2830:-6600 Yes
AdhΔ-447:-427.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-454:-440.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-470:-453.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-492:-481.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-497:-481.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-497:-489.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-531:-524.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-538:-532.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ-543:-535.Adh0 Yes
AdhΔ1762-17650 Yes
AdhΔ1762-17690 Yes
AdhΔ1766-17690 Yes
AdhΔ3mut10 Yes
AdhΔ3mut20 Yes
AdhΔ3mut30 Yes
AdhΔcopia0 Yes
AdhΔIN3.Act5C.T:SV40\nls20 Yes
AdhΔIVS1,20 Yes
AdhΔIVS10 Yes
AdhΔIVS20 Yes
hide Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in
(Wu and Gibson, 1998, O'Donnell et al., 1977, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner, 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Posakony et al., 1985, Gubb et al., 1990, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Gubb et al., 1990, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Grau et al., 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2000.7.3, Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote et al., 1996)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Fossett et al., 1994)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote et al., 1996)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Fossett et al., 1994)
(Ashburner, 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Furukawa et al., 1992, Roote et al., 1996)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 1996.8)
(Ashburner et al., 1981, Ashburner, 1982)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Grau et al., 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, O'Donnell et al., 1977, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Grau et al., 1984, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, O'Donnell et al., 1977, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, O'Donnell et al., 1977, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982)
(O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, O'Donnell et al., 1977, Ashburner et al., 1982, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Gubb et al., 1990)
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1980, Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashraf et al., 1999, Roote, 2002.1.15, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1980, Ashburner et al., 1983, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashraf et al., 1999, Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1980, Ashburner et al., 1983, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1985)
(Gubb et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, Roote et al., 1996)
(Gubb et al., 1985)
(Gubb et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1986, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8, Gubb et al., 1997)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1986, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Gubb et al., 1997)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote et al., 1996)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1984, Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner, 1982, Grau et al., 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1980, Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984, Grau et al., 1984, Roote et al., 1996)
(Chia et al., 1985)
(Chia et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Ashburner et al., 1982)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, Roote et al., 1996)
(Chia et al., 1985)
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984, Chia et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996, Gubb et al., 1997)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote, 1995.3.27, Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
(Ashburner et al., 1981, Ashburner et al., 1982, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Duplicated in
 
 
(Ashburner et al., 1981, Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982)
(Ashburner, 1982)
(Ashburner, 1982)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner, 1982)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Gubb et al., 1990)
(Ashburner et al., 1981, Ashburner et al., 1982, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1981)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1990, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Chia et al., 1985, Furukawa et al., 1992, Grau et al., 1984, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Ashburner, 1982)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984)
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984)
(Grau et al., 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Gubb et al., 1985, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Ashburner, 1982, Gubb et al., 1984)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Gubb et al., 1984, Grau et al., 1984)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Gubb et al., 1984, McNabb et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Furukawa et al., 1992, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Gubb et al., 1984)
(Gubb et al., 1984, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Ashburner et al., 1981)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, McNabb et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote, 2002.1.15)
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Not duplicated in
(Ashburner, 1982)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
(Roote et al., 1996)
hide Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
UAS construct
NameExpression Data
P{GD10979}NA
P{GD10981}NA
P{GD17561}NA
P{GD17693}NA
P{TRiP.JF03042}NA
reporter construct
NameExpression Data
P{Adh-lacZ.Dsw}No
P{Adh-lacZ.mut.Adh-lacZ.wt.loxP.FRT}No
P{Adh-lacZ.P(m)}No
P{lacZAdh.AAE}No
P{lacZAdh.AEF1}No
P{lacZAdh.LsAEF1}No
P{lacZAdh.LsBbbf2}No
P{lacZAdh.LsC/EBP-S}No
P{lacZAdh.LsC/EBP-W}No
heat-shock construct
NameExpression Data
P{AdhALEhs}NA
P{hs/ADH1}NA
P{hs/ADH2a}NA
P{hs/ADH2b}NA
P{hs/ADH3}NA
P{hs/ADH4}NA
P{hs/ADH5}NA
P{hs/ADH6}NA
P{hs-Adh.C}NA
characterization construct
NameExpression Data
P{1009}NA
P{1010}NA
P{AFBFCS}NA
P{AFBSCF}NA
P{AFBSCS}NA
P{ASBFCF}NA
P{ASBFCS}NA
P{ASBSCF}NA
P{Adh3.2XbaI}NA
P{Adh3.2A}NA
P{Adh3.2-ry}NA
P{Adh4.8}NA
P{Adh4.8EcoRI}NA
P{Adh4.8-ry}NA
P{Adh8.6}NA
P{Adh11.8SacI}NA
P{Adh.E2mut}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F.1Leu}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F.6Leu}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F.10Leu}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F.S}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F.tri1-S}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F.Δ1762-1769}NA
P{Adh.Wa-F}NA
P{Adh.Wa-S.F}NA
P{Adh.Wa-S.tri1-F}NA
P{Adh.Wa-S.Δ1762-1769}NA
P{Adh.Wa-S}NA
P{Adh.Δ3mut1}NA
P{Adh.Δ3mut2}NA
P{Adh.Δ3mut3}NA
P{Adh5'3'AAE}NA
P{Adh5'P3'DP}NA
P{Adh+t3.2.Δ-492/-481}NA
P{AdhALE/P-80}NA
P{AdhALE/P-110}NA
P{AdhALE/P-187}NA
P{AdhALE/P-242}NA
P{AdhALE/P-386}NA
P{AdhD-66/+53}NA
P{AdhD-69/-386}NA
P{AdhD-69}NA
P{AdhD-127/-63}NA
P{AdhD-660/-60}NA
P{AdhD-660/-128}NA
P{AdhD-660}NA
P{AdhD-1320}NA
P{AdhD-2190}NA
P{AdhD-2830}NA
P{AdhD-3350}NA
P{AdhD-3550}NA
P{AdhD-5000}NA
P{AdhD+53/+328}NA
P{AdhFA}NA
P{AdhFB}NA
P{AdhfT176T}NA
P{AdhHindIII}NA
P{AdhKA27.MM}NA
P{AdhL193T}NA
P{AdhLsBbbf2}NA
P{AdhLTR}NA
P{AdhP-386}NA
P{Adhrv1}NA
P{Adhrv2-1}NA
P{Adhrv2}NA
P{Adhrv3-1}NA
P{Adhrv3-2}NA
P{Adhrv3-3}NA
P{Adhrv5}NA
P{AdhSalI}NA
P{AdhsT176T}NA
P{AdhT193L}NA
P{AdhΔ1762-1765}NA
P{AdhΔ1762-1769}NA
P{AdhΔ1766-1769}NA
P{AdhΔ-1845/-660}NA
P{AdhΔ-2395/-660}NA
P{AdhΔ-2830/-660}NA
P{Adh-Ddc}NA
P{Adh-lac1}NA
P{Adh-lac2}NA
P{Adh-lac3}NA
P{Adh-lac4}NA
P{Adh-lac5}NA
P{Adh-lac6}NA
P{Adh-lacZ.mut.loxP.(-FRT)}NA
P{Adh-lacZ.wt.(-loxP).FRT}NA
P{Adh-w.B}NA
P{AP-2}NA
P{AP-5}NA
P{Daff\Adh}NA
P{Ddc+,Adh+}NA
P{Dhaw\Adh-JJ1}NA
P{Dhaw\Adh-JJ3}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1+}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS1}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS2}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS3}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS4}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS5}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS6}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS7}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS8}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS9}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS10}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS11}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS12}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS13}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS14}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS15}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS16}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS17}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS18}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS19}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS20}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS21}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS22}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS23}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1LS24}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1ΔA}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1ΔAB}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1ΔAS}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1ΔB}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1ΔS1}NA
P{Dmul\Adh-1ΔS2}NA
P{GAL4-Adh.Dmul}NA
P{GOS}NA
P{hs/ADH2}NA
P{hs-Adh.HAP}NA
P{mutC819T}NA
P{mutC819T-G1756A}NA
P{mutG1756A}NA
P{NS1}NA
P{NS2}NA
P{NS3}NA
P{NS4}NA
P{NS5}NA
P{NS6}NA
P{NS7}NA
P{NS8}NA
P{RI42.Δcopia}NA
P{RI42}NA
P{SAC}NA
P{Sgs4-Adh.SAX}NA
P{tARP-9}NA
Insertions
Type of insertions
Name
Expression data
insertion of enhancer trap
P{lacW}l(2)SH1756SH1756
No
miscellaneous insertions
copia{}AdhRI-42
NA
F{}Adh+I.4
NA
jockey{}Adhjockey
NA
P{1010}GC-1
NA
P{1010}MM-50
NA
P{?SUPor-P}AdhΔ25
NA
P{GT1}AdhBG01049
NA
P{SUPor-P}AdhKG05345
NA
roo{}Adh+I.28
NA
Tirant{}AdhAAS44
NA
hide Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 14 unique terms )
hide Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term
Evidence
References
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity
inferred from direct assay
(Heinstra et al., 1983, Leal and Barbancho, 1992)
alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
inferred from direct assay
(Ashburner et al., 1999, Heinstra et al., 1983, Leal and Barbancho, 1992, Winberg et al., 1982)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chen and Stephan, 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProtKB)
(Chen et al., 1993)
protein homodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with Adh
(Benach et al., 2005)
Biological Process
CV term
Evidence
References
acetaldehyde metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Heinstra et al., 1983)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Leal and Barbancho, 1992)
alcohol catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProtKB)
(Chen et al., 1993)
alcohol metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Winberg et al., 1982)
behavioral response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wolf et al., 2002)
ethanol metabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Leal and Barbancho, 1992)
ethanol oxidation
inferred from direct assay
(Heinstra et al., 1983)
Cellular Component
CV term
Evidence
References
cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Leal and Barbancho, 1993)
lipid particle
inferred from direct assay
(Beller et al., 2006, Beller et al., 2006)
microtubule associated complex
inferred from direct assay
(Hughes et al., 2008)
protein complex
inferred from physical interaction with Adh
(Benach et al., 2005)
hide Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function
CV term
Evidence
References
nucleotide binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016040
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
hide Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
nuclear_gene
 
protein_coding_gene
 
hide Interactions & Pathways
hide Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group
Assay
References
hide Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Adh allele
Gene
References
AdhD-5000
w
(Pal-Bhadra et al., 1999)
AdhD+53:+328
w
(Pal-Bhadra et al., 1999)
Adhhs.PC
w
(Pal-Bhadra et al., 1999)
Adhw.PR
w
(Pal-Bhadra et al., 1999)
hide External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
•
InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
•
hide Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs
 
 
 
(Pfeiler and Markow, 2001)
 
 
 
(Haring et al., 1998)
 
(Katoh, 1999.10.15)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 2004.7.21)
 
 
 
(Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 2004.7.22)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
(Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 2004.7.22)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 2004.7.22)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Silva and Kidwell, 2000)
 
 
(Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 2004.7.21)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(O'Grady, 2000.5.5)
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
(Prud'homme, 2006.1.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Amador and Juan, 1999)
(Amador and Juan, 1999)
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Ayala, 1996.6.24)
 
 
 
 
(Amador and Juan, 1999)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
(Amador and Juan, 1999)
 
 
 
 
 
(Matzkin and Eanes, 2003)
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
(Pfeiler and Markow, 2001)
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
(O'Grady, 2000.5.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Lachaise et al., 2000)
 
 
 
 
 
(Amador and Juan, 1999)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
(O'Grady et al., 1998)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
(Pfeiler and Markow, 2001)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Wang et al., 2004.9.13, Wang et al., 2004.9.13)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Tatarenkov et al., 1999)
 
 
(Silva, 2000.5.5)
 
 
 
(Baechli et al., 2005.8.4)
 
 
Linkouts
InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid.
•
OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs.
•
hide Stocks & Reagents
hide Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 263 )
Bloomington
6040
AdhF
3975
AdhF'
3976
Adhn1
3977
Adhn5 pr1
5536
P{lArB}12A8; ry506
6944
P{lArB}rD59; ry506
1719
Df(2R)X3/CyO, AdhnB
3583
Df(2L)fn2/CyO, AdhnB
Kyoto
101293
AdhUS
107539
Adhn1
101299
b1 Adhn1
106468
Df(2R)X3/CyO, AdhnB
hide Genomic Clones ( 2 )

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
hide cDNA Clones ( 269 )

Please Note
This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
hide RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
•
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
•
hide Antibody Information
monoclonal
(Fibla et al., 1989)
hide Other Information
hide Discoverer
hide Etymology
hide Identification
hide Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for identity of: Adh CG3481
(Kodira, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Dicistronic annotation CG32954 split out into separate annotations for each open reading frame, CG3481 and CG3484, in release 4.2 of the genome annotation. CG3481 corresponds to Adh and CG3484 corresponds to Adhr.
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)
One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene contain(s) two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by Adh and Adhr.
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
hide Other Comments
Full-length Adh transgenes are silenced post-transcriptionally at high copy number or by a pulsed increase over a threshold. Production of 21-25 bp length sense and antisense RNAs homologous to Adh is correlated with this process.
(Pal-Bhadra et al., 2002)
A non-transcribed segment in the Adh regulatory region was found to be one of the sequences required for homology recognition in the phenomenon of cosuppression.
(Pal-Bhadra et al., 1999)
Aef1 protein binds with high affinity to the Inr region of the proximal Adh promoter, and inhibits transcription both in vivo and in vitro.
(Ren and Maniatis, 1998)
Transgene coplacement studies indicate that the correlation in specific activity between D.melanogaster and D.affinidisjuncta Adh genes that occupy the same position is high in both larvae and adults.
(Siegal and Hartl, 1998)
5' end RACE of the Adhr transcript from adults indicates that Adhr is transcribed as a dicistronic mRNA from the Adh distal promoter. RACE experiment with total RNA from embryos showed the embryonic Adhr transcript is also dicistronic and is transcribed from the proximal Adh promoter. Mutations that affect Adh transcripts also affect Adhr transcripts. Sedimentation profiles of polysomes and RNA analysis indicates the Adhr open reading frame of the dicistronic transcript is being translated and strongly suggests that Adhr translation is initiated by internal initiation in the intergenic region between Adh and Adhr coding regions. Adhr protein can be detected and is shown to co-localise with Adh. The level of Adh and Adhr transcripts in su(f) mutant and wild type background demonstrates the accumulation of the dicistronic messenger is controlled by a temperature-sensitive post-transcriptional mechanism.
(Brogna and Ashburner, 1997)
Molecular replacement and data from crystallographically refined 3D determination structures confirm the position of Ser 139. Results suggest Ser 139 is directly involved in the catalytic reaction.
(Cols et al., 1997)
Adh activity is not primarily involved in oviposition site preference behaviour.
(Eisses, 1997)
NS1 region is located approximately 300bp upstream of the larval cap site and acts like an enhancer. Adh protein is not expressed when the sequence is deleted, expression is restored by placing a second Adh gene with an intact enhancer elsewhere on the same plasmid. The interactions between the enhancer and expression from a proximal and distal promoter are investigated.
(Friedman et al., 1996)
The excision reactions of P1\cre/P1\loxP and the related Scer\FLP1/Scer\FRT system are used to create lines in which transgenes, Adh and Daff\Adh, are at exactly allelic sites in homologous chromosomes.
(Siegal and Hartl, 1996)
A 3D model of Adh using the tertiary structures has been generated, using molecular information about mutant alleles, to provide additional information about Adh catalysis and the stability of Adh dimers.
(Chenevert et al., 1995)
mRNA levels do not increase at adult day 5 in strain showing extended longevity phenotype (ELP).
(Dudas and Arking, 1995)
Except for flies lacking Adh activity altogether there is a correlation between Adh activity and acute tolerance to acetic acid.
(Eisses and den Boer, 1995)
The tandem Adh promoters are differentially transcribed in the embryo owing to critical differences in the core promoter elements. Reconstituted differential Adh promoter transcription in vitro provides evidence that selective Adh promoter utilization is mediated by a specific Tbp-TAF complex in combination with TfIIA. TAFs in the Tbp complex are required for discrimination between the Adh distal and proximal initiator elements.
(Hansen and Tjian, 1995)
Adh enzyme activity has been measured in D.melanogaster lines in which spontaneous mutations have accumulated over approximately 300 generations.
(Harada, 1995)
Adh catalyses a rapid aldehyde dismutation at physiological pH.
(Henehan et al., 1995)
Wild type larvae are most tolerant to ethanol, then methanol, n-propanol and n-butanol in descending order. For Adh-deficient larvae the toxicity of methanol was least, then ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol in that order. Toxicity for this stage of the larval period is related to chain length of the alcohol, if the alcohol could not be degraded by the Adh system.
(Martel et al., 1995)
Bending of DNA can inhibit transcription by affecting the binding of at least one of the general transcription factors. A tight bend present in a 245bp minicircular DNA reduces transcription from the Adh distal promoter. Repression occurs, at least in part, because the general factor TFIID is unable to bind to this bent DNA.
(ten Harmsel and Biggin, 1995)
Isolated as a rhythmically expressed transcript in fly heads. Transcript shows a single daily peak and a single daily trough in expression, highest expression is in the 'morning'. Adh expression oscillation is dependent on a light-dark cycle, on timed feeding and on the function of the per gene.
(van Gelder et al., 1995)
The homologous genomic region containing Adh and Adhr is analysed. Ka and Ks values are determined (Ks values for Adh are significantly lower than values for Adhr) and amino acid comparisons reveal conserved regions shared by Adh and Adhr which have been assigned to known functional domains.
(Albalat et al., 1994)
A range of Adh substrates and inhibitors are used to study the effect of the Ser substitution in Adh mutants, how it affects their activity and kinetic parameters.
(Eisses et al., 1994)
Adh serves as a terminal fat cell differentiation marker.
(Hoshizaki et al., 1994)
Somatic transformation of Daff\Adh in D.melanogaster flies identifies cis-acting elements that are highly conserved between the D.melanogaster and D.affinidisjuncta genes.
(McKenzie et al., 1994)
Adh activity in 71 Drosophila species is assayed to determine if the protein plays a key role in the adaptation of species to substrates undergoing alcoholic fermentation.
(Mercot et al., 1994)
The in situ localization of Adh transcripts in different species reveals evolved regulatory differences in spatially restricted expression.
(Ranganayakulu, 1994)
In vivo crosslinking studies demonstrate that endogenous eve and ftz protein significantly interacts with the promoter region, although this is not an expected target gene.
(Walter et al., 1994)
The srp gene encodes a transcription factor that binds a conserved sequence element of the larval promoter of the Adh gene. The srp-binding sites of the D.melanogaster and D.mulleri Adh larval promoters function as positive control elements.
(Abel et al., 1993)
Ecdysteroid-regulated gene.
(Andres et al., 1993)
Adh adult enhancer contains site that binds both activator ftz-f1 and repressor Hr39.
(Ayer et al., 1993)
The function of residues Tyr152 and Lys156 has been studied and the enzymatic properties of the mutants determined.
(Chen et al., 1993)
Mutation of the Adh gene suggests that Tyr152 and Lys156 are involved in catalysis and Gly130, Gly133 and Gly184 contribute substantially to the structure of the active form.
(Cols et al., 1993)
Adh protein either copurifies with a subtilisin type protease or may have protease activity per se.
(Fibla et al., 1993)
The effect of dietary ethanol on the ultrastructure of wild type and Adh mutant larvae was studied. The midgut and hindgut showed ethanol-induced subcellular damage, disrupting mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, reducing glycogen rosettes and protein granules, increasing autophagic vacuoles and causing unusual myelin whorls, with Adh mutant having greater sensitivity to ethanol.
(Hartman et al., 1993)
Accessible chromatin structures are found in the Adh proximal promoter, distal promoter and adult enhancer region just prior to and during Adh transcription in the fat body. A nucleosome positioning element between the distal promoter and the Adh adult enhancer can function via DNA-core histone interactions alone.
(Jackson and Benyajati, 1993)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase activities from Adh and Aldh gene products are selectively inhibited by cyanimide or acetone, respectively. Although larvae and adults use different aldehyde dehydrogenase activities to detoxify acetaldehyde (from Adh and Aldh encoded enzymes, respectively) both activities are cytosolic.
(Leal and Barbancho, 1993)
Results are opposed to those of Lietaert, Experientia 38:651 and Lietaert, Experientia 41:57, who concluded that the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was mainly in the mitochondria.
(Leal and Barbancho, 1993)
Adh can be rendered glucose-repressible by engineering the 5' region of Amy-p upstream of the Adh coding region.
(Magoulas et al., 1993)
Phylogenetic relationships in Drosophila are studied using the Alcohol dehydrogenase locus in several species.
(Thomas and Hunt, 1993)
CrebA protein binds to the fat body specific enhancers of Dmul\Adh1, Adh, Yp1 and Yp2 and may be an important component of tissue specific regulation.
(Abel et al., 1992)
The tyrosine at the invariant amino acid position 152 is essential for the activity of the Adh enzyme.
(Albalat et al., 1992)
To the contrary of what occurs in larvae, the short-term modulation of the enzyme activities involved in the metabolism of alcohols does not appear to be a major mechanism used by adults to respond to the presence of ethanol, 2-propanol and their respective in vivo oxidised derivatives in the medium. Adults ability to move to non-toxic feeding sites seems to be successful enough to avoid the toxic effects of alcohols.
(Barbancho, 1992)
A sequence specific DNA binding factor, Trl, has binding sites that flank the distal promoter elements of Adh involved in transcription initiation. Trl acts as a repressor of expression acting at transcription initiation and binding requires an intact 10bp motif.
(Benyajati et al., 1992)
Four alleles, AdhF, AdhS, Adhn4 and Adh71k were tested for oviposition site preference and first instar larval food preference in multiple choice tests between different media. Strains showed significantly different patterns.
(Eisses and Bets, 1992)
A negative regulatory element in the AAE binds the adult enhancer factor 1 (Aef1). The Aef1 binding site, Dmul\Adh1 AAE and Yp1 gene fat body enhancer are related to a sequence recognised by the mammalian transcription factor C/EBP and a liver specific regulatory element of the human Adh gene. DNase I footprinting experiments reveal that Aef1 and C/EBP compete for adjacent binding sites in the fat body enhancers, Aef1 can displace bound C/EBP from its sites.
(Falb and Maniatis, 1992)
Aef1 protein binds specifically to fat body enhancers of Adh and Yp1.
(Falb and Maniatis, 1992)
Adh null activity alleles extracted from a number of natural populations in Tasmania are molecularly similar.
(Gibson et al., 1992)
High resolution analysis of chromatin structure and helix distortion around regions required for distal transcription of Adh revealed apparent coordinate assembly of a large cooperative complex of proteins interacting with the distal promoter, the positioned nucleosome, the enhancer of the distal promoter and each other.
(Jackson and Benyajati, 1992)
A wild type 3.2 kb Adh gene fragment has been inserted into an Adh- strain in multiple chromosomal locations by P-element mediated transformation, identifying tissue specific position effects that possibly reflect differing chromatin organization.
(Kirkpatrick and Martin, 1992)
Limited regions of Adh are especially sensitive to proteolysis, results suggest the possibility of an association between the enzyme active site and the sensitive site(s).
(Krook et al., 1992)
The reducing activity of the Adh enzyme, which transforms acetaldehyde into ethanol, plays an essential role in the detoxification of acetaldehyde.
(Leal and Barbancho, 1992)
D.simulans enzyme monomers form heterodimers with those of D.melanogaster (E.H. Grell).
(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Analysis of a number of different isogenic lines containing the natural polymorphism 'upside down triangle 2' suggests an association with the polymorphism and higher levels of Adh protein.
(Matthew et al., 1992)
Comparison of CpG distribution in the coding region of 121 genes from six species supports the mCpG mutational hotspot explanation of CpG suppression in methylated species at position II-III and III-I.
(Schorderet and Gartler, 1992)
A plasmid containing the proximal Adh promoter has been used in vitro transcription assays to study TfIIB activity.
(Wampler and Kadonaga, 1992)
Adh, Aldh and Aldox-1 play a role in alcohol/aldehyde metabolism in D.melanogaster.
(Anderson and Barnett, 1991)
Adh has been used as a marker for transgenesis in quail muscle cell lines.
(Antin et al., 1991)
Adaptation to ethanol may not be strictly a function of the level of Adh pprotein activity.
(Bijlsma and Bijlsma-Meeles, 1991)
Two enhancer sequences, AAE and ALE, are required for the efficient expression of the distal and proximal promoters, respectively. The ALE segment can be sub- divided into three segments which act synergistically. ALE is ineffective in adults because transcription takes place from the distal promoter: transcriptional interference. The interactions of transcriptional interference at the molecular level are unknown. The ALE is involved in the down regulation of the ethanol induction response, the AAE is unresponsive to ethanol.
(Chambers, 1991)
Previous site directed in vitro mutagenesis experiments have demonstrated the average difference in Adh protein level between the fast and slow allozymic classes may or may not be due to linkage disequilibrium between the amino acid replacement site and the polymorphism present in the insert fragment, a silent substitution at nucleotide 1443.
(Choudhary and Laurie, 1991)
Larval expression is dependent on a 53bp sequence located upstream of the larval transcription start site.
(Rothberg et al., 1991)
Transcribed larval mRNA was measured from the autosomal Adh gene and the X chromosomal Dpse\Hsp83 gene, both carried on the same P-element construct. The compensation behaviour of both of the transposed genes was determined by their new chromosomal environment.
(Sass and Meselson, 1991)
A 15 bp positive cis-acting element nearly 500 bp upstream of the distal Adh RNA start site and a 61 bp negative cis-acting element upstream and adjacent to the enhancer behave as promoter elements in the tissue culture system.
(Ayer and Benyajati, 1990)
Flies trisomic for a quarter of the length of 2L have diploid Adh enzyme activity and mRNA levels. By subdividing the trisomic chromosome a region exerting an inverse regulatory effect and a region exerting a direct gene dosage response on Adh was found. When present simultaneously the regions cancel each other out to yield diploid levels of Adh enzyme activity and mRNA.
(Birchler et al., 1990)
Transcription from the Adh proximal promoter is regulated by a far upstream enhancer and at least two elements near the transcription start site. The enhancer is tissue specific, and includes at least two discrete regions. Each of the identified regulatory elements is sufficient for low levels of Adh gene expression in larval tissues, but maximal expression requires the entire set.
(Corbin and Maniatis, 1990)
Chromatin at the Adh distal promoter displays an ordered but different conformation in different cell types. In Adh- cells sequences between -40 to +30 of the distal RNA initiation site exist as a DNA linker between nucleosomes. In Adh+ cells a longer linker DNA, -140 to +30, is bound in a multi-protein transcription initiation complex. These mutually exclusive patterns of DNA- protein interactions suggest a model for organizing alternative chromatin structure associated with gene regulation.
(Ewel et al., 1990)
Analysis of ENU-induced Adh mutations demonstrates that ENU produces primarily GC to AT transitions, also transversions and multilocus deficiencies.
(Fossett et al., 1990)
The regions between +604bp and +634bp, and between -600bp and -5000bp significantly affect the induction of Adh by ethanol.
(Kapoun et al., 1990)
The expression difference between D.melanogaster and Dsim\Adh gene is due to trans-acting not cis-acting modifiers within the Adh gene.
(Laurie et al., 1990)
The tissue specific expression of the D.orena Adh gene in D.melanogaster is similar to D.melanogaster but at lower levels. The Adh genes share conserved DNAse protected sequences with respect to position and sequence. Upstream regions show a mosaic of similar and dissimilar sequences.
(Moses et al., 1990)
Northern blot analysis and gel electrophoresis of transformant D.melanogaster larvae carrying the D.affinidisjuncta and D.grimshawi Adh gene show comparable high levels of expression and broader tissue distribution of Adh expression, transformants carrying the D.hawaiiensis Adh gene show reduced levels of each.
(Wu et al., 1990)
Results suggest the switch from Adh proximal to Adh distal promoter is regulated by the stage-specific activation of the distal promoter and the subsequent repression of the proximal promoter by transcriptional interference.
(Corbin and Maniatis, 1989)
Three Adh antibodies were characterized and immunoblotting assays found that they cross-react to Adh genes from D.melanogaster, D.bocqueti, D.erecta, D.teissieri and D.lebanonensis. Adh specific activity in different larval organs was found to be similar whereas protein distribution varies substantially.
(Fibla et al., 1989)
Studies of the flux of ethanol into lipid suggested that more than 75% of the oxidation of acetaldehyde in wild type larvae is catalysed by the Adh product, the remaining ethanol is oxidized by the Aldh product.
(Heinstra et al., 1989)
Gene conversion and unequal crossover have been studied in flies carrying a construct that contains tandem copies of Adh- genes. Southern blots of Adh+ variants suggests that five were generated by gene conversion as the size of the P-element insert is unchanged and one was generated by unequal exchange as the size of the Adh cluster has been changed.
(Hipeau-Jacquotte et al., 1989)
Maternally inherited Adh transcripts decay rapidly. Zygotic expression of Adh RNA begins after germ band retraction. Distal and proximal promoters drive expression in the fat body. At 15 hours proximal promoter expression is seen in the gut, at this time distal expression in the fat body has ceased. Proximal transcript levels decline at the end of larval development, accompanied by a transient accumulation of distal transcripts predominantly in the fat body.
(Lockett and Ashburner, 1989)
Analysis of three populations by restiction mapping in Adh provides evidence of Founder effects in the most Northern populations. There are signs of population differentiation among the samples, but the similarities between the populations indicates extensive migration. This suggests natural selection plays a role in maintaining the cline.
(Simmons et al., 1989)
Daff\Adh is expressed at comparable levels in D.melanogaster and D.affinidisjuncta, and tissue and stage specificity of expression is similar in the two species. In some details expression of Daff\Adh in D.melanogaster resembles that of Daff\Adh in D.affinidisjuncta.
(Brennan and Dickinson, 1988)
Daff\Adh and Dhaw\Adh display markedly different levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the larval midgut and Malpighian tubules. Comparison of the expression of Daff\Adh and Dhaw\Adh in transgenes in D.melanogaster demonstrates that the tissue specific levels of alcohol dehydrogenase are characteristic of the genes themselves. Demonstrable differences in cis-dominant regulatory information are sufficient to account for the observed regulatory variation.
(Brennan et al., 1988)
Adh injected into early Adh- embryos is expressed in the somatic tissues of larvae and adults. The expression is tissue-specific and dependent on the 5' DNA sequences flanking the gene.
(Martin et al., 1986)
Adh shows alternative promoter use during development.
(Savakis et al., 1986)
The Adh product also catalyses the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate. The Adh product is not a metalloenzyme but, paradoxically, is inhibited by certain metal ion chelators, e.g. pyrazole.
(Moxon et al., 1985)
AdhS gene product shows slower dissociation of NADH from NADN-enzyme complex than AdhF gene product.
(Winberg et al., 1985)
Not expressed in SL2 tissue culture cells, but transfected cloned gene is.
(Benyajati and Dray, 1984)
Dsim\Adh and Adh enzymes differentially regulated in hybrids.
(Dickinson et al., 1984)
The Adh product also catalyses the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate.
(Heinstra et al., 1983)
The Adh product is not a metalloenzyme but, paradoxically, is inhibited by certain metal ion chelators, e.g. pyrazole.
(Winberg et al., 1982, Place et al., 1980)
Adh may play a metabolic role independent of alcohol detoxification, i.e. in the metabolism of higher alcohols.
(Winberg et al., 1982)
AdhF homozygotes usually show a better ability to survive on ethanol as a sole energy source than AdhS homozygotes.
(Anderson et al., 1981, Daly and Clarke, 1981)
Specific activity of the Adh product changes with development, with peaks at the end of the third larval instar and about four days after eclosion. Half life of AdhF product in vivo estimated as 55.3 hours.
(Anderson and McDonald, 1981)
The relative thermostabilities of the Adh products are to be AdhS > AdhF > Adhn5 > AdhD.
(Thatcher and Sheikh, 1981)
Specific activity of the Adh product changes with development, with peaks at the end of the third larval instar and about four days after eclosion.
(Leibenguth et al., 1979, Maroni and Stamey, 1983, Dunn et al., 1969)
Flies carrying AdhF tend to be more resistant than those carrying only AdhS to ethanol.
(Kamping and van Delden, 1978, Ainsley and Kitto, 1975, Briscoe et al., 1975)
Ethanol tolerance usually correlated with Adh product activity.
(McDonald et al., 1977, McDonald and Avise, 1976, Cavener and Clegg, 1978, Oakeshott et al., 1980, van Delden et al., 1975)
AdhF and AdhS homozygotes show behavioural differences in their response to ethanol.
(Parsons, 1977, Cavener, 1979, Parsons, 1980, Parsons, 1980, Hougouto et al., 1982, Gelfand and McDonald, 1980)
flies lacking Adh protein rapidly become intoxicated and eventually die on exposure to ethanol.
(David et al., 1976, Grell et al., 1968, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Confers resistance to ethanol.
(David et al., 1976, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Grell et al., 1968, Vigue and Sofer, 1976)
flies lacking Adh protein rapidly become intoxicated and eventually die on exposure to ethanol. However, ethanol sensitivity is complex since even Adh nulls are more resistant to ethanol when young than when old.
(Vigue and Sofer, 1976)
Adh protein is maternally inherited by embryos and resulting larvae.
(O'Donnell et al., 1975, Leibenguth et al., 1979)
Utilization of ethanol as an energy source depends on Adh activity.
(van Herrewege and David, 1974)
Adh+ flies are killed by low concentrations of unsaturated secondary alcohols (e.g. 1-penten-3-ol; 1-pentyn-3-ol) but not by unsaturated primary alcohols (e.g. 1-penten-1-ol), presumably due to the formation of toxic ketones. This allows the chemical selection of Adh nulls.
(Sofer and Hatkoff, 1972, O'Donnell et al., 1975)
Specific activity of the Adh product changes with development, with peaks at the end of the third larval instar and about four days after eclosion. Most of the activity is in the larval fat body and gut and the adult fat body.
(Ursprung et al., 1970)
hide External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
RefSeq (Transcripts)
•
RefSeq (Proteins)
•
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank
•
Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
•
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
•
Other Crossreferences
EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters
•
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
•
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR (IPR002198)
Alcohol dehydrogenase, insect-type (IPR002424)
Alcohol dehydrogenase, Drosophila-type (IPR002425)
NAD(P)-binding domain (IPR016040)
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, conserved site (IPR020904)
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
•
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
•
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
•
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
•
FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
•
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
•
InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid.
•
InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
•
modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.
•
OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs.
•
REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements.
•
hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 17 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
ADH
(Riebler et al., 2008, Wolf and Heberlein, 2003, Kreitman, 1995.1.26, Brogna, 1996.6.5, Brodu et al., 1999, Clark and Wang, 1997, Meghlaoui and Veuille, 1997, Arking et al., 1996, Harada, 1995, Wang and Clark, 1995, Clark and Wang, 1994, Luque et al., 1994, Bublii et al., 1994, Cherbas and Cherbas, 1993, Choudhary et al., 1992, Stoltenberg et al., 1992, Granadino et al., 1991, Maschat et al., 1990, Visa et al., 1988, Snyder et al., 1982, Benach et al., 2005, Royster et al., 2007, Pecsenye et al., 2004, Fry and Saweikis, 2006, Deckert-Cruz et al., 2004, Pecsenye and Saura, 2004, Liu et al., 2009, Li et al., 2008, Krebs and Holbrook, 2001, Gani et al., 2008, Sun et al., 2011, Baker, 1990, Pecsenye and Saura, 2002, Mahapatra et al., 2010)
adh
(Matzke et al., 1999, Yang et al., 2000, McVean and Vieira, 1999, Becker et al., 1991, Strand and McDonald, 1989, Zamore, 2006, Bönisch et al., 2007, Behm-Ansmant et al., 2007, Eulalio et al., 2007, Nichols et al., 2002)
Adh
(Heinstra et al., 1983, Leal and Barbancho, 1992, Winberg et al., 1982, Beller et al., 2006, Beller et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2004, Akashi et al., 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Rehwinkel et al., 2005, Geiger-Thornsberry and Mackay, 2004, LANG et al., 2007, Pérez-Farrerons and Juan, 2007, Katoh et al., 2000, Holloway et al., 2008, Gim et al., 2001, Negre et al., 2006, Lott et al., 2011, Carlini, 2004, Malherbe et al., 2005, Glavan et al., 2006, Vasemagi, 2006, Pal Bhadra et al., 2006, Wei and Brennan, 2001, Stark et al., 2007, Jagadeeshan and Singh, 2005, Casillas et al., 2007, Wei and Brennan, 2000, Chen and Stephan, 2003, Gonzalez et al., 2000, Walser et al., 2006, Metzstein and Krasnow, 2006, Dorus, 2008.10.28, Schmidt et al., 2005, Dorus et al., 2006, McDermott and Kliman, 2008, Juven-Gershon et al., 2008, Eanes et al., 2009, Hollis et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, O'Keefe et al., 2011, Laayouni et al., 2007, Passananti et al., 2004, Deckert-Cruz et al., 2004, Vaulin and Zakharov, 2006, Noor and Kliman, 2003, Veuille et al., 2004, Ludwig and Loreto, 2007, Montooth et al., 2006, Christophides et al., 2001, Schlenke and McKean, 2005, Jensen et al., 2006, Grönke et al., 2007, Umina et al., 2006, Roote, 2009.11.24, Zhang and Townsend, 2009, Morozova et al., 2007, Ranz et al., 2004, Adryan et al., 2007, Hense et al., 2010, Jung et al., 2010, Lang and Juan, 2010, Wu et al., 1998, Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 1999, Kovac and Marinkovic, 1999, Albalat et al., 2001, Reumer et al., 2009, Gao et al., 2011, Bokor and Pecsenye, 2000)
Adh3
(Canestro et al., 2003)
BG:DS01486.8
(Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Ashburner et al., 1999)
CG3481
(Vierstraete et al., 2004, Beller et al., 2006, O'Keefe et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Haussmann et al., 2008, Reumer et al., 2009, Cammarato et al., 2011)
CG32954
(Giot et al., 2003, Jensen et al., 2006, Alias and Clark, 2007)
dADH
(Antin et al., 1991)
DmADH
(Henikoff and Wallace, 1988)
Dreg-1
(van Gelder et al., 1995)
Reg-1
 
T16
(Vierstraete et al., 2004)
Name Synonym
alcohol dehydrogenase
(Le Hir et al., 2003, Yang et al., 2007, Royster et al., 2007, Katoh et al., 2000, Fry and Saweikis, 2006, Zamore, 2006, Schmidt et al., 2005, Behm-Ansmant et al., 2007, Hollis et al., 2009, O'Keefe et al., 2011, Deckert-Cruz et al., 2004, Eulalio et al., 2007, Pecsenye and Saura, 2004, Montooth et al., 2006, Christophides et al., 2001, Schlenke and McKean, 2005, Umina et al., 2006, Hense et al., 2010, Canestro et al., 2003, Wu et al., 1998, Colon-Parrilla and Perez-Chiesa, 1999, Kovac and Marinkovic, 1999, Krebs and Holbrook, 2001, Nichols et al., 2002, Sun et al., 2011, Baker, 1990, Zhang and Townsend, 2009, Mahapatra et al., 2010)
Alcohol dehydrogenase
(Moriyama and Hartl, 1993, Geiger-Thornsberry and Mackay, 2004, Gim et al., 2001, Gonzalez et al., 2000, Juven-Gershon et al., 2008, Deckert-Cruz et al., 2004, Passananti et al., 2004, Liu et al., 2009, Morozova et al., 2007, Robinson et al., 2010, Graveley et al., 2011, Reumer et al., 2009, Cammarato et al., 2011)
alcoholdehydrogenase
(Laayouni et al., 2007)
alcohol dehyrdrogenase
(Pecsenye et al., 2004)
Drosophila Rhythmically expressed gene 1
(van Gelder et al., 1995)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0016704
  • FBgn0052954
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Gao et al., 2011, Molec. Phylog. Evol. 60(1): 98--107
Phylogenetic relationships between Sophophora and Lordiphosa, with proposition of a hypothesis on the vicariant divergences of tropical lineages between the Old and New Worlds in the family Drosophilidae. [FBrf0213767]
Graveley et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 473--479
The developmental transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213330]
Lott et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(2): e1000590
Noncanonical Compensation of Zygotic X Transcription in Early Drosophila melanogaster Development Revealed through Single-Embryo RNA-Seq. [FBrf0213135]
O'Keefe et al., 2011, Hum. Mol. Genet. 20(3): 497--509
Drosophila orthologue of WWOX, the chromosomal fragile site FRA16D tumour suppressor gene, functions in aerobic metabolism and regulates reactive oxygen species. [FBrf0212691]
Sun et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18215
Systems-scale analysis reveals pathways involved in cellular response to methamphetamine. [FBrf0213560]
Hense et al., 2010, Genetics 184(2): 547--555
Experimentally increased codon bias in the Drosophila adh gene leads to an increase in larval, but not adult, alcohol dehydrogenase activity. [FBrf0209817]
Jung et al., 2010, Genomics 96(3): 154--166
Identification of conserved Drosophila-specific euchromatin-restricted non-coding sequence motifs. [FBrf0211521]
Lang and Juan, 2010, Nucleic Acids Res. 38(19): 6404--6417
Binding site number variation and high-affinity binding consensus of Myb-SANT-like transcription factor Adf-1 in Drosophilidae. [FBrf0212173]
Mahapatra et al., 2010, Toxicol. Sci. 116(1): 225--238
Identification of methylmercury tolerance gene candidates in Drosophila. [FBrf0211073]
Robinson et al., 2010, Mech. Ageing Dev. 131(9): 584--590
Insights into aging through measurements of the Drosophila proteome as a function of temperature. [FBrf0211959]
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