• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • CytoSearch
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
  • AAA data (FTP)
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\amd

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\amd	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	α methyl dopa-resistant	Annotation symbol	CG10501
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000075
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Also Known As	l(2)amd
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-53.9
Cytogenetic map	37C1-37C1	Sequence location	2L:19,110,159..19,114,110 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene α methyl dopa-resistant is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\amd (CG10501, FBgn0000075). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: carboxy-lyase activity; deaminase activity. It is reported to be involved in the biological process: dopamine metabolic process; chitin-based cuticle development; catecholamine metabolic process. 48 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: anal pad; cuticle; anal slit. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylase; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major domain; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 2; Pyridoxal-phosphate binding site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-18 embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631281_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of amd. Gene sequence location is 2L:19110159..19114110.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	amd: alpha methyldopa hypersensitive amd/+ flies die when reared on levels of alpha methyl dopa that are not lethal to wild type; resistance proportional to the number of amd+ loci present. Adult amd/+ females fed alpha methyldopa become sterile and lay eggs that cannot complete embryogenesis. Dopa decarboxylase levels normal. amd homozygotes lethal; lethal phase at times of larval hatching, larval molts, and pupariation; larval anal organ extruded and necrotic; pupal cuticle thin and friable. Appears to play role in cuticle formation. amd1/amd6 complementing adults deficient for one or more unidentified catecholamines involved in the colorless sclerotization of cuticle.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features HFA03483 BKN25606 HFA02608
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 37C1-37C1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)37Dbk16106&P{lacW}Catsupk05424 and P{lacW}Ddck02104
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 37C-37C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Marsh et al., 1986)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-53.9
Left of (cM)	Ddc (Wright et al., 1976, Wright et al., 1981, Wright et al., 1982)
Right of (cM)	hk (Wright et al., 1976)
Notes	Using amd1, 1/31,600 recombinants indicate that amd maps 0.006 map units to the right of hk. Failure to recover recombinants (0/59,693) between Ddc1 and amd1 suggests that the two lesions are less than 0.003 map units apart, or that one of the mutant chromosomes is suppressing recombination. One possible recombinant was obtained between Ddc5 and amd7 (out of an estimated 55,165 zygotes) indicating a 0.0036 map unit interval between Ddc5 and amd7, with amd7 to the left of Ddc5. (Wright et al., 1976)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\amd for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) amd-RA FBtr0081154  NM_057244   1789   510 amd-RB FBtr0081153  NM_165278   1744   510
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.0, 0.6 (northern blot) (Marsh et al., 1986)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein amd-PA   FBpp0080698   57.0   510   5.47     NP_476592   AAF53760 amd-PB   FBpp0080697   57.0   510   5.83     NP_724162   AAF53759
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	464 (aa); 50.5 (kD) (Marsh et al., 1986)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1 (IPR015421) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 2 (IPR015422) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major domain (IPR015424) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylase (IPR002129) Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (IPR010977) Pyridoxal-phosphate binding site (IPR021115)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014134 AAF53759   AE014134 AAF53760   AC005440   AC007176   BF492654   BF492655   BI168984   BI229747   BI364642   BT021285 AAX33433   BT044421   BT099917   CO296165   CO308017   CO308052   CO321830   EC075519   EC085768   EC210161   EC238144   EC249515   FE862805   FE862905   FE863044   FE863086   FE863442   X04695 CAA28400
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P18486
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q5BID9 Q9VIZ9
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   embryo | dorsal   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic stage 5   embryonic/larval pharynx | precursor   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic stage 8   proctodeum   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) stomodeal invagination   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic stage 12 -- 17   embryonic/larval esophagus   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic/larval pharynx | dorsal   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   embryonic/larval foregut   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic/larval proventriculus   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) Malpighian tubule primordium   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) anal pad   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   epidermis   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic stage 16 -- 17   embryonic/larval hindgut   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) larval stage   eye-antennal disc   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) ventral thoracic disc   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic/larval brain   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) wing disc   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) embryonic/larval lymph gland   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) ventral nerve cord   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) imaginal disc   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) ring gland   (Wang and Marsh, 1995) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage     (Marsh et al., 1986)
Additional Descriptive Data
	2.0kb amd transcripts are first detected in 0-4 hr embryos and are at a maximum in 12-16 hr embryos. Transcripts are also detected by in situ hybridization in stage S8-S9 oocytes. (Marsh et al., 1986) amd transcripts are first detected on the dorsal side of the embyro at stage 4 and accumulate in the anlage of the pharynx during cellularization. During stage 8, amd transcripts accumulate in the primordium of the stomodeum and in the cells of the proctodeal walls. After stage 11, transcripts are apparent in the esophagus and in the dorsal part of the pharynx. After germ band retraction, staining extends from the esophagus to the insertion of the foregut into the proventriculus. At the posterior of the embryo, high levels of staining are seen around the developing anal plates and staining is observed at the base of the developing Malphighian tubules. Expression is detected in the hypoderm starting at stage 15 as a segmentally repeating stripe on the ventral side 2-3 cells wide in the anterior of each segment. In stage 16, strong expression is observed in the hindgut, the foregut, around the anal plates, and in the tracheal tree. In larvae, expression is observed in several imaginal discs including the eye-antennal, leg and wing discs. Staining is also observed in some regions brain and ventral ganglia, in the ring gland and in the lymph glands. (Wang and Marsh, 1995)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0000075    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0000075 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-18 embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000075 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr    1825 embryo 14-16hr    10843 embryo 16-18hr    14169 embryo 18-20hr    1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2    5305 larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP    2874 pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr  (434) embryo 04-06hr  (1223) embryo 06-08hr  (628) embryo 08-10hr  (614) embryo 10-12hr  (1081) embryo 12-14hr  (1825) embryo 14-16hr  (10843) embryo 16-18hr  (14169) embryo 18-20hr  (1828) embryo 20-22hr  (261) embryo 22-24hr  (318) larva L1  (280) larva L2  (5305) larva L3 12hr old  (1088) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (160) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (109) larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new  (115) white prepupae 12hr  (289) white prepupae 24hr  (200) pupae 2d postWPP  (2874) pupae 3d postWPP  (143) pupae 4d postWPP  (205) adult male 01day  (222) adult male 05day  (192) adult male 30day  (228) adult female 01day  (402) adult female 05day  (916) adult female 30day  (986) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr  (1825) embryo 14-16hr  (10843) embryo 16-18hr  (14169) embryo 18-20hr  (1828) embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2  (5305) larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP  (2874) pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr    1825 embryo 14-16hr  (10843) embryo 16-18hr  (14169) embryo 18-20hr    1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2    5305 larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP    2874 pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr    1825 embryo 14-16hr    10843 embryo 16-18hr    14169 embryo 18-20hr    1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2    5305 larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP    2874 pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000075 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr    1825 embryo 14-16hr    10843 embryo 16-18hr    14169 embryo 18-20hr    1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2    5305 larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP    2874 pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr  (434) embryo 04-06hr  (1223) embryo 06-08hr  (628) embryo 08-10hr  (614) embryo 10-12hr  (1081) embryo 12-14hr  (1825) embryo 14-16hr  (10843) embryo 16-18hr  (14169) embryo 18-20hr  (1828) embryo 20-22hr  (261) embryo 22-24hr  (318) larva L1  (280) larva L2  (5305) larva L3 12hr old  (1088) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (160) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new  115 white prepupae 12hr  (289) white prepupae 24hr  (200) pupae 2d postWPP  (2874) pupae 3d postWPP  143 pupae 4d postWPP  (205) adult male 01day  (222) adult male 05day  (192) adult male 30day  (228) adult female 01day  (402) adult female 05day  (916) adult female 30day  (986) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr  1825 embryo 14-16hr  (10843) embryo 16-18hr  (14169) embryo 18-20hr  1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2  (5305) larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP  (2874) pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr    1825 embryo 14-16hr  10843 embryo 16-18hr  14169 embryo 18-20hr    1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2    5305 larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP    2874 pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    89 embryo 02-04hr    434 embryo 04-06hr    1223 embryo 06-08hr    628 embryo 08-10hr    614 embryo 10-12hr    1081 embryo 12-14hr    1825 embryo 14-16hr    10843 embryo 16-18hr    14169 embryo 18-20hr    1828 embryo 20-22hr    261 embryo 22-24hr    318 larva L1    280 larva L2    5305 larva L3 12hr old    1088 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    160 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    109 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    99 white prepupae new    115 white prepupae 12hr    289 white prepupae 24hr    200 pupae 2d postWPP    2874 pupae 3d postWPP    143 pupae 4d postWPP    205 adult male 01day    222 adult male 05day    192 adult male 30day    228 adult female 01day    402 adult female 05day    916 adult female 30day    986 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0000075    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0000075 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000075 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000075 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    0.9 Larval Midgut    1.6 Larval Hindgut    51.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Larval Fat Body    1 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    2.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    34.8 Adult Midgut    1.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Adult Fat Body    0.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.1 Adult Heart    1.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.2 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    2.8   NA  Brain    2.1   0.9  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9   NA  Crop    34.8   1.6  Midgut    1.7   51.6  Hindgut    no informative data   2.7  Malpighian Tubules    2.8   1  Fat Body    0.5   0.8  Salivary Gland    3.1   NA  Heart    1.675   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7   NA  Ovary    no informative data   NA  Testis    2.1   NA  Male Accessory Gland    2.2   no informative data  Carcass    3.2 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000075 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10501-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal (with amdH23) amdH29 lethal (with amdH29) amdH23 lethal (with Df(2L)TW130) amd11 lethal | embryonic stage amd1 amd6 amd7 amd37 amd40 lethal | larval stage (with Df(2L)TW130) amd29 lethal | partially (with amd1) amd6 amd11 lethal | partially (with amd6) amd1 amdH29 lethal | partially (with amd11) amd1 amdH29 lethal | partially (with amdH29) amd6 amd11 lethal | recessive amd1 amd3 amd4 amd5 amd6 amd7 amd8 amd9 amd10 amd11 amd12 amd21 amd22 amd23 amd24 amd25 amd26 amd27 amd28 amd29 amd30 amd31 amd32 amd33 amd34 amd35 amd36 amd37 amd38 amd39 amd40 amd41 amd42 amd43 amd44 amd45 amd46 amd47 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 amdGD6708 Other Phenotypes Allele chemical sensitive | dominant amd1 amd2 amd3 amd4 amd5 amd6 amd7 amd8 amd9 amd10 amd11 amd12 amd21 amd22 amd23 amd24 amd25 amd26 amd27 amd28 amd29 chemical sensitive | recessive amd11 wild-type amd+t2.9 Phenotype manifest in Allele anal pad amd1 amd37 amd40 amd6 amd7 anal slit amd1 amd37 amd40 amd6 amd7 cuticle amd10 amd11 amd21 amd22 amd23 amd24 amd26 amd27 amd36 amd37 amd38 amd39 amd40 amd41 amd8
Classical Alleles ( 45 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of amd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion amd1 ethyl methanesulfonate spontaneous 3 Yes amd21 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- amd7 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- amdf03321 piggyBac transposase 2 -- amd6 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes amd9 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- amd40 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 Yes amd10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd12 X ray 0 -- amd22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd25 ethyl methanesulfonate formaldehyde 0 -- amd26 ethyl methanesulfonate formaldehyde 0 -- amd27 ethyl methanesulfonate formaldehyde 0 -- amd28 ethyl methanesulfonate formaldehyde 0 -- amd29 ethyl methanesulfonate formaldehyde 0 -- amd2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd30 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd32 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd34 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd35 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd36 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd37 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 Yes amd38 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd39 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd41 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd42 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd43 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd44 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd45 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd46 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd47 ethyl methanesulfonate gamma ray 0 -- amd4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amd8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amdH20 0 -- amdH23 0 -- amdH26 0 -- amdH29 0 -- amdunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of amd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion amdGD6708 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes amdKK104646 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes amd+t2.9 in vitro construct - minigene in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)E71 (Wright et al., 1976, Wright et al., 1981) Df(2L)Exel6042 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)Exel8040 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)hk-UC2 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)NST (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)TW50 (Wright et al., 1976, Wright et al., 1976, Wright et al., 1982) Df(2L)TW130 (Wright et al., 1976, Wright et al., 1981, Gilbert et al., 1984, Black et al., 1987, Wright et al., 1982, Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)TW158 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)VA18 (Gilbert et al., 1984, Black et al., 1987, Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)VA21 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)VA23 (Stathakis et al., 1995) Ts(Y;2Lt)D219+Ts(Y;2Rt)H174 (Wright et al., 1976)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)E55 (Wright et al., 1976, Stathakis et al., 1995) Df(2L)hk18 (Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)hk-UC1 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)OD15 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)Sd37 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)Sd57 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)Sd77 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)TE37C-1 (Wright et al., 1981, Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)TE37C-7 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)TW1 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW2 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW3 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW9 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW12 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW65 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW84 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW119 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW137 (Wright et al., 1976, Stathakis et al., 1995) Df(2L)TW150 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW161 (Wright et al., 1976) Df(2L)TW203 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)VA12 (Wright et al., 1981, Gilbert et al., 1984, Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)VA13 (Wright et al., 1981, Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)VA17 (Wright et al., 1981, Gilbert et al., 1984, Black et al., 1987, Wright et al., 1982, Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996) Df(2L)VA19 (Stathakis et al., 1995, Wright, 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{-177/+4} No P{-261/+4} No P{-568/+4} No P{-568/+128} No P{-3400/+128} No UAS construct P{GD6708} NA P{KK104646} NA characterization construct P{pC1} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{WH}amdf03321 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 8 unique terms )
	There is no information supporting a cellular component term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data on: 2006-10-26)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
carboxy-lyase activity inferred from direct assay (Vavricka et al., 2011) deaminase activity inferred from direct assay (Vavricka et al., 2011)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF071068 (FlyBase, 1992-) pyridoxal phosphate binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002129, InterPro:IPR015421, InterPro:IPR015422 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
catecholamine metabolic process non-traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) cellular amino acid metabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010977 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) chitin-based cuticle development non-traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) dopamine metabolic process non-traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions amd allele Gene References amd6 Tcr (Bishop et al., 1999) amd11 Tcr (Bishop et al., 1999) amdH29 Tcr (Bishop et al., 1999) unspecified Tcr (Bishop et al., 1989)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61173 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000075 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35188
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF14702 Dere\amd Dgri\GH13435 Dmoj\GI13977 Dper\amd Dpse\amd Dsec\GM17326 Dsim\amd Dvir\amd Dwil\amd Dyak\GE13232
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dabu\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27, Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dafs\amd (Bartolome, 2005) Dara\amd   Dban\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dbif\amd   Dbrn\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dbro\amd   Dbus\amd   Dbuz\amd   Dcad\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dcam\amd   Dcan\amd   Dces\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dcna\amd   Dell\amd   Deoh\amd   Dere\amd   Dfun\amd   Dgas\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dgau\amd   Dgrs\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dgym\amd   Dhyd\amd   Dimm\amd   Dino\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dlat\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dleb\amd (Tatarenkov, 1998.9.13) Dmed\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dmen\amd   Dmer\amd   Dmes\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dmic\amd   Dmir\amd (Bartolome, 2005) Dmsp\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dmul\amd   Dnan\amd   Dneb\amd   Dnec\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dort\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dpaa\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dpau\amd   Dper\amd   Dpha\amd   Dpiv\amd   Dpmo\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dpol\amd   Dpsb\amd   Dpse\amd (Yasuhara et al., 2005, ) Dput\amd   Drel\amd   Drep\amd   Drob\amd   Dsbd\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dsim\amd   Dsor\amd   Dtei\amd   Dtrp\amd   Dvir\amd   Dvra\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Dwil\amd   Laer\amd   Sadu\amd   Sleo\amd   Spam\amd   Zind\amd (Robe et al., 2004.7.27) Ztub\amd
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010734-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AAEL010735-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) CPIJ013308 Culex pipens (mosquito) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0230925 FBgn0046127 FBgn0017805 FBgn0018304 FBgn0172236 FBgn0046148 FBgn0158779 FBgn0046160 FBgn0136731 FBgn0120911 FBgn0046204 FBgn0091729
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	3177 amd1/CyO 18640 w1118; PBac{WH}amdf03321/CyO 3174 al1 dpov1 b1 amd1/CyO 3194 dpov1 b1 amd7 pr1/CyO; Dp(2;Y)H2 504 amd21 Bl1/CyO; Gl1/TM3, Sb1 Ser1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}amdf03321
Kyoto	106896 amd1/CyO 106907 dpov1 b1 amd7 pr1/CyO; Dp(2;Y)H2 101401 CyO, Cy1 dplv1 pr1 cn2 / amd6
VDRC	v105871 P{KK104646}VIE-260B v39708 w1118; P{GD6708}v39708 v39707 w1118; P{GD6708}v39707/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR04C20 BACR48O01 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 21 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE22070 RE33280
Other clones	FI09231
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE09925 RE27589 RE49808
Other clones	31444 59489 152962 153029 AT01119 EC075519 EK186461 EK212929 EK256430 EK256529 RM06777 RM06877 RM06977 RM07177 RM07377
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000075 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35188
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: amd CG17345 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Additional comments	Annotations CG10501 and CG17345 merged as CG10501 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Other Comments
	In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes. (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998) To evaluate the extent of qualitative changes in amd gene expression, patterns of expression in D.melanogaster, D.simulans and D.virilis are compared. Three general conclusions can be made. First, some functions are conserved in all three species. Second, amd expression often precedes the apparent time the function is needed. Third, completely novel patterns of amd expression can appear (or disappear) rapidly in these species in the absence of apparent function. (Wang et al., 1996) Located between coordinates -4.5 and -2.2. (Stathakis et al., 1995) Maturation of the vitelline membrane requires the function of amd and not the paralog Ddc. Germline clonal analysis demonstrates amd expression is required in the germline for egg production and is expressed before or during clone induction. (Konrad et al., 1993) Encodes a protein with 38% similarity to Ddc protein; amd and Ddc are presumably the products of gene duplication. Interallelic complementation observed between mutant alleles, suggesting dimeric product. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Appears to play role in dopa metabolism to catecholamines. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) amd/+ flies die when reared on levels of α methyl dopa that are not lethal to wild type; resistance proportional to the number of amd+ loci present. Adult amd/+ females fed α methyldopa become sterile and lay eggs that cannot complete embryogenesis. Dopa decarboxylase levels normal. amd homozygotes lethal; lethal phase at times of larval hatching, larval molts and pupariation; larval anal organ extruded and necrotic; pupal cuticle thin and friable. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) amd is located 2kb distal to Ddc. (Black et al., 1987) The amd gene product is required for a step in the metabolism of dopa to one or more novel catecholamines involved in the colourless sclerotization of cuticle. (Black et al., 1987)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057244 NM_165278 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476592 NP_724162 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF53759 AAF53760 AAX33433 AC005440 AC007176 BT021285 CAA28400 X04695 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35188 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P18486 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q5BID9 Q9VIZ9
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1 (IPR015421) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 2 (IPR015422) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major domain (IPR015424) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylase (IPR002129) Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (IPR010977) Pyridoxal-phosphate binding site (IPR021115)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61173 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000075 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000075 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000075 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10501-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000075 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35188 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010734-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AAEL010735-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) CPIJ013308 Culex pipens (mosquito) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35188 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000075 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0230925 FBgn0046127 FBgn0017805 FBgn0018304 FBgn0172236 FBgn0046148 FBgn0158779 FBgn0046160 FBgn0136731 FBgn0120911 FBgn0046204 FBgn0091729
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 17 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	amd (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2006, McCrady and Tolin, 1994, Wittkopp et al., 2008, Roshina and Pasyukova, 2007) AMD-r (Vavricka et al., 2011) CG10501 (Wittkopp et al., 2008, Klebes et al., 2005, Wittkopp et al., 2004, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Wittkopp et al., 2008) CG17345   fAMD (Jackson, 1990) l(2)37Bk   l(2)amd (Bishop et al., 1999, Wang and Marsh, 1995, Konrad et al., 1993, Wright et al., 1982, Bishop et al., 1989, Black et al., 1987, Marsh et al., 1986, Marsh et al., 1985, Bishop and Sherald, 1981, Wright et al., 1981, Wright et al., 1976, Wright, 1987) l(2)amdH   l(2)amd alpha-methyldopa hypersensitive (Marsh, 1987.4.20) X04695 (Ptak and Petrov, 2002)
Name Synonym	alpha-methotrexate deficient (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006) alpha methyl dopa (Wright, 1987) DHPAA synthase (Vavricka et al., 2011) dopa decarboxylase (Theopold et al., 2002) transcription unit No. 1 (Black et al., 1987) α methyl dopa-resistant   α-methyl dopa resistant (Vavricka et al., 2011)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0032757
References ( 84 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 84 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 40 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 3 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 1 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 22 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Vavricka et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e16124 From L-dopa to dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde: a toxic biochemical pathway plays a vital physiological function in insects. [FBrf0212900] Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...