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Gene: Dmel\amx

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\amx
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
almondex
Annotation Symbol
CG12127
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000077
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
In progress.Contributions welcome.
Other Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
8D2-8D2
Sequence location
X:9,245,915..9,247,336 [-]
Recombination map
1-27
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI Genome Data Viewer
UCSC Genome Browser
Ensembl Genome Browser
PopFly Genome Browser
GO Summary Ribbons
Families, Domains and Molecular Function
Gene Group Membership (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt, Sequence Similarities)
Belongs to the TM2 family. (Q9U4H5)
Protein Domains/Motifs
InterPro
TM2 domain
Molecular Function (see GO section for details)
Experimental Evidence
-
Predictions / Assertions
-
Summaries
UniProt Contributed Function Data
Involved in the control of cell fates in the neurectoderm. Acts as a positive regulator of Notch pathway and is required at different levels during development.
(UniProt, Q9U4H5)
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
amx: almondex
Eyes slightly reduced, narrower below. Trident pattern stronger than in lz. Maternal effect lethal. Studies by Shannon [1972, Genetica (The Hague) 43: 244-56] show that amx progeny and many amx/+ progeny of amx mothers are embryonic lethals. Ovaries and egg production of amx females normal. General disorganization of early embryo with amx/+ progeny of amx mothers less extreme than amx progeny (Shannon, 1973, J. Exp. Zool. 183: 383-400); amx/+ daughters show 0.2% survival; amx/Dp(1;1)lz-2 show considerably higher survival (Campos-Ortega); Lethal embryos exhibit hypertrophy of central nervous system at the expense of epidermal tissue (Lehmann, Dietrich, Jimenez, and Campos-Ortega, 1981, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 190: 226-29; Lehmann, Jimenez, Dietrich, and Campos-Ortega, 1983, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 192: 62-74). Similarly peripheral nervous elements, the sensilla, exhibit increased numbers and abnormal morphology; cells diverted from epidermal to neurological pathway (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1986, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195: 210-21). Embryonic phenotype locally rescuable by injections of ooplasm from wild-type or pcx ova during preblastoderm stages (Campos-Ortega, La Bonne and Mahowald, 1985, Dev. Biol. 110: 264-67). lz/amx is wild type. Mosaics in amx/+ daughters of _/_ or amx/+ females show that ventral tissues are sensitive to reduced amx+ activity; no clones of amx tissue found in cuticle of amx/+ daughters of amx mothers (Germeraad and Disano, 1984, Genetics 107: s36). RK2.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\amx or the JBrowse view of Dmel\amx for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
amx-RA
FBtr0071331
NM_079905
1422
284
amx-RB
FBtr0307281
NM_001258662
1211
284
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
amx-PA
FBpp0071266
31.4
284
7.73
NP_524644
AAF46474
amx-PB
FBpp0298282
31.4
284
7.73
NP_001245591
AFH07305
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

284 aa isoforms: amx-PA, amx-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\amx using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (7 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
ectodermal cell fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Michellod et al., 2003)
lateral inhibition
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Michellod and Randsholt, 2008)
mesoderm development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Corbin et al., 1991)
Notch receptor processing
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:N; FB:FBgn0004647
(Michellod and Randsholt, 2008)
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Michellod et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
ectoderm development
traceable author statement
(Corbin et al., 1991)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
spanning component of plasma membrane
inferred from sequence model
(Michellod and Randsholt, 2008)
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\amx in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs and Phenotypes
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
Deletions and Duplications ( 11 )
Summary of Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\TM2D3
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
 
 
Hsap\TM2D1
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Tm2d3
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Tm2d1
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Tm2d3
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\tm2d3
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\tm2d3
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-59o9.10
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\C41D11.9
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\Y66D12A.21
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No orthologs reported.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No orthologs reported.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No orthologs reported.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190E7H )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\amx
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00004950
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD24561
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM22327
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG18987
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE15460
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF19095
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA11421
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL18280
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK25793
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ18800
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI14465
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH12700
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150BWA )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17014593
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY006363
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_00839
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes009088
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL013440
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC010147
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP006109
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ006520
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0DZP )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL006354
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2571240084
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB45527
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP22252
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15212264
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH20929
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0029a3
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG014598
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG009379
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_05253
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC033771
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM140850
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC003962
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI004489
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_07201
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0DY2 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR008265
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW015371
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM60033.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur37g00980
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_231300
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0MAM )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Tm2d3
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\TM2D3
Human Disease Model Data
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology)
Download
Models ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Interactions ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
amxf06362
ameliorates  neurofibromatosis
modeled by Nf1E2
(Walker et al., 2013)
amxGD1168
ameliorates  neurofibromatosis
modeled by Nf1E2
(Walker et al., 2013)
Comments ( 0 )
 
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
Complementation?
Transgene?
TM2D3; TM2 domain containing 3
12 of 15
610014
     
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Dmel gene
    Ortholog showing functional complementation
    Supporting References
    amx
    Hsap\TM2D3
    (Jakobsdottir et al., 2016)
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    amx
    suppressible
    N
    (Michellod and Randsholt, 2008)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Nf1
    suppressible
    amx
    (Walker et al., 2013)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Gene Group - Pathway Membership (FlyBase)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-27
    Cytogenetic map
    8D2-8D2
    Sequence location
    X:9,245,915..9,247,336 [-]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    8D2-8D2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1450&P{EP}EP1356 and P{EP}EP912EP912
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    8D4-8D9
    (Michellod, 1999.12.20)
    8D4-8E2
    (Green and Green, 1956)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    1-27
    (FlyBase, 2016)
    1-28.4
    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (9)
    Genomic Clones (9)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (23)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequences
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of
      Source for database merge of
      Source for merge of: amx BcDNA:GH02974
      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Additional comments
      Source for merge of amx BcDNA:GH02974 was sequence comparison ( date:000519 ).
      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Other Comments
      amx is a neurogenic gene required initially to ensure the correct number of PNS precursors. amx is not required for the late epidermal maintenance function.
      (Bodmer et al., 1993)
      amx is needed for proper mesoderm differentiation prior to the onset of nau expression.
      (Corbin et al., 1991)
      Mutant alleles cause hypertrophy in nau expressing cells.
      (Corbin et al., 1991)
      Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate that amx is required to restrict the number of competent cells that will become sensory mother cells, SMCs.
      (Goriely et al., 1991)
      Increasing the number of wild type copies of amx does not modify the bib mutant phenotype.
      (de la Concha et al., 1988)
      Normal amx function is required during zygotic development for the normal development of the eye and during oogenesis for the synthesis of a maternal component required for neurogenesis and mesoderm diffentiation.
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Ball, 20th Nov. 1932.
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )
      Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      Linkouts
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (58)