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Gene Dmel\Appl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Appl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	β amyloid protein precursor-like	Annotation symbol	CG7727
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000108
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	17 publicly available
Also Known As	APP, EG:65F1.5
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-0.0
Cytogenetic map	1B9-1B10	Sequence location	X:424,503..473,077 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene β amyloid protein precursor-like is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Appl (CG7727, FBgn0000108). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: neuron projection morphogenesis; long-term memory; negative regulation of neuron death; response to axon injury; peripheral nervous system development; synapse organization. 31 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; nervous system; adult mesothoracic segment; peripheral nervous system; external compound sense organ; sensillum; organ system; eo support cell; wing pouch. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, E2 domain; Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding; Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular; Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular domain conserved site; Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, heparin-binding; Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, intracellular domain, conserved site; Beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminal. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624033_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Appl. Gene sequence location is X:424503..473077.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 1B9-1B10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}svrEP356&P{EP}argEP452 and P{EP}DreddEP1412&P{EP}Suv4-20EP1216a
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 1B5-1B8   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-0.0   1- (Luo et al., 1992)
Left of (cM)	vnd (Luo et al., 1992)
Right of (cM)	elav (Luo et al., 1992)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Appl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Transposon inserted in intron
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Appl-RA FBtr0070109  NM_057278   5453   887 Appl-RB FBtr0307291  NM_001258519   6331   890 Appl-RC FBtr0307292  NM_001258520   5282   830 Appl-RD FBtr0307293  NM_001258521   5456   888 Appl-RE FBtr0307294  NM_001258522   6355   883 Appl-RF FBtr0307295  NM_001258523   5456   888
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.5 (unknown) (Rosen et al., 1989)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Appl-PA   FBpp0070104   98.3   887   5.31     NP_476626   AAF45520 Appl-PB   FBpp0298292   98.6   890   5.31     NP_001245448   AFH07164 Appl-PC   FBpp0298293   91.8   830   5.29     NP_001245449   AFH07165 Appl-PD   FBpp0298294   98.5   888   5.21     NP_001245450   AFH07166 Appl-PE   FBpp0298295   97.9   883   5.25     NP_001245451   AFH07167 Appl-PF   FBpp0298296   98.5   888   5.17     NP_001245452   AFH07168
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	886 (aa); 145, 130 (kD) (Luo et al., 1990) 886 (aa); 98 (kD) (Rosen et al., 1989)
Comments	The 145kD and 130kD forms of the protein are made from the same gene as shown by the presence of both forms in S2 cells transfected with a heat shock Appl gene construct. The 145kD form was shown to be a precursor which is rapidly converted to the 130kD form. (Luo et al., 1990) The 130kD Appl protein is a secreted form which lacks the cytoplasmic domain and the membrane-spanning domain. It was shown to accumulate in the culture medium of cultured embryonic cells. (Luo et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular (IPR008154) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding (IPR011178) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, heparin-binding (IPR015849) Beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminal (IPR019543) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular domain conserved site (IPR019744) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, intracellular domain, conserved site (IPR019745) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, E2 domain (IPR024329)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA140795   AA141233   AA141237   AA141417   AA141619   AA141698   AA141745   AA141987   AA142125   AA695666   AA696090   AA698144   AA698149   AA698191   AA698730   AA802073   AE014298 AAF45520   AF181628 AAD55414   AE014298 AFH07164   AE014298 AFH07165   AE014298 AFH07166   AE014298 AFH07167   AE014298 AFH07168   AI064141   AI107308   AI109799   AI387282   AI387428   AI388212   AI401950   AI402480   AI405059   AI517812   AI532614   AI542319   AI544411   AL022139 CAA18093   AL031883 CAA21409   AL035104   AY095181   AY119460   BG640013   BI230577   BI232370   BI239344   BI239355   BI361306   BI364844   BI366326   BI592260   BI592783   BI607624   BI619465   BI621008   BT015285   CB305300   CK135864   CK136030   CK658165   CK660453   CO176759   CO176870   CO179227   CO179608   CO185765   CO189450   CO190034   CO190457   CO190927   CO196145   CO196191   CO261856   CO262585   CO262614   CO262818   CO262846   CO263114   CO263490   CO264512   CO266285   CO266529   CO267517   CO268181   CO268526   CO269967   CO270415   CO271834   CO273139   CO273355   CO276008   CO276601   CO276918   CO278059   CO278614   CO278706   CO278914   CO279370   CO279906   CO280079   CO280735   CO281510   CO283847   CO284272   CO284667   CO285073   CO285477   CO286652   CO287895   CO290439   CO292108   CO292886   CO294733   CO296225   CO302531   CO302565   CO303725   CO304160   CO305150   CO305783   CO307366   CO309960   CO310924   CO311832   CO314146   CO315482   CO315500   CO315578   CO316498   CO316831   CO316845   CO317288   CO317857   CO318413   CO318549   CO319622   CO320245   CO320928   CO321239   CO323471   CO327476   CO328830   CO329089   CO331098   CO331410   CO331946   CO331984   CO333144   CO333255   CO333349   CO333496   CO336449   CO338463   CO339890   CO340064   CO340329   CO340509   CO340889   CO340982   CO344146   CO344321   CZ485799   CZ486995   EC057845   EC059576   EC059670   EC060744   EC063931   EC068653   EC075548   EC079091   EC082658   EC083879   EC084031   EC084208   EC086185   EC086534   EC198709   EC206909   EC206988   EC210086   EC210738   EC211413   EC212982   EC219482   EC226996   EC240053   EC250808   EC251237   EC252118   EC255908   EC256267   EC256286   EC256993   EC257239   EV595932   GH952077   GH955692   GH959926   GH964342   GH965541   J04516 AAA28874   X55774 CAA39294   X55775 CAA39294   Z31790
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P14599
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage   peripheral nervous system   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) pupal stage & adult stage   optic lobe   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) subesophageal ganglion   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) adult stage   head   (Rosen et al., 1989) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage   central nervous system   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) larval stage   eye-antennal disc   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) pupal stage & adult stage   subesophageal ganglion   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) retina   (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Rosen et al., 1989) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Rosen et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   peripheral nervous system   (Luo et al., 1990) ventral nerve cord commissure   (Luo et al., 1990) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Luo et al., 1990) longitudinal connective   (Luo et al., 1990) larval stage   ventral nerve cord   (Luo et al., 1990) photoreceptor cell R1 -- photoreceptor cell R8   (Luo et al., 1990) optic nerve   (Luo et al., 1990) eye-antennal disc   (Luo et al., 1990) embryonic/larval brain   (Luo et al., 1990) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   longitudinal connective   (Luo et al., 1990) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Luo et al., 1990) larval stage   neuromere of larval prothoracic segment   (Torroja et al., 1996) neuromere of larval metathoracic segment   (Torroja et al., 1996) photoreceptor cell   (Torroja et al., 1996) eye-antennal disc   (Luo et al., 1990) mushroom body   (Torroja et al., 1996) ventral nerve cord   (Torroja et al., 1996) embryonic/larval brain   (Luo et al., 1990, Torroja et al., 1996) neuromere of larval abdominal segment 8   (Torroja et al., 1996) neuromere of larval mesothoracic segment   (Torroja et al., 1996) embryonic/larval optic stalk   • axon (Torroja et al., 1996) optic nerve   (Luo et al., 1990) pupal stage   medulla neuropil   (Torroja et al., 1996) lobula   (Torroja et al., 1996) lamina   (Torroja et al., 1996) medulla   (Torroja et al., 1996) pupal stage & adult stage   lamina   (Torroja et al., 1996) adult stage   thoracico-abdominal ganglion   (Torroja et al., 1996) Kenyon cell   (Torroja et al., 1996) adult brain   (Torroja et al., 1996) lobe system of mushroom body   (Torroja et al., 1996) adult mushroom body   (Torroja et al., 1996) medulla   (Torroja et al., 1996, Bolkan et al., 2012) neuron of adult brain   • axon (Bolkan et al., 2012) neuron of adult brain cortex   • cell body (Bolkan et al., 2012) lamina   (Bolkan et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The 145kD precursor form of the Appl protein is membrane-associated. (Bolkan et al., 2012, Luo et al., 1990) The 130kD form of Appl protein is secreted into the culture medium of primary embryonic cells and S2 cells. (Luo et al., 1990) Appl protein is nervous system specific. In embryos, it is abundant in the axon tracts of commissures in the brain and ventral cord. In larvae, it is present in the brain and ventral ganglion. In the eye disc, it is localized behind the morphogenetic furrow. There is a gap of several columns between the morphogenetic furrow and cells containing Appl protein. (Luo et al., 1990) Appl protein is observed in a punctate pattern in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies in larvae. This pattern is present in the ventral ganglion, the brain lobes and the photoreceptors. In the neuropil, the staining is not as homogenous. Strong uniform staining is observed in the neuropil of the three thoracic and eighth abdominal neuromeres. Staining is also observed in the neuropil of the brain lobes. Appl protein is observed in certain axons e.g. in the photoreceptor axons in the eye stalk. The membrane form appears to be enriched in regions where Appl protein is associated with neuronal processes (optic stalk and optic lobe). The pattern of Appl protein staining in the neuropil undergoes dynamic changes during metamorphosis. In the adult, the highest levels are found in the neuropil of the mushroom bodies. Staining is also observed in the brain, thoracic ganglion, lamina, and medulla. (Torroja et al., 1996) Appl protein is observed in a punctate pattern in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies in larvae. This pattern is present in the ventral ganglion, the brain lobes and the photoreceptors. In the neuropil, the staining is not as homogenous. Strong uniform staining is observed in the neuropil of the three thoracic and eighth abdominal neuromeres. Staining is also observed in the neuropil of the brain lobes. Appl protein is observed in certain axons e.g. in the photoreceptor axons in the eye stalk. The secreted form appears to be enriched in regions where Appl protein is not associated with neuronal processes (thoracic neuromeres). The pattern of Appl protein staining in the neuropil undergoes dynamic changes during metamorphosis. In the adult, the highest levels are found in the neuropil of the mushroom bodies. Staining is also observed in the brain, thoracic ganglion, lamina, and medulla. (Torroja et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Luo et al., 1990) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Luo et al., 1990)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{Appl-GAL4.G1a} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   nervous system   (Gunawardena and Goldstein, 2001) adult stage   neuron   (Hamada et al., 2008)   nervous system   (Torroja et al., 1999, Torroja et al., 1999) Reporter: P{GT1}ApplBG02664 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   nervous system   (Kapahi et al., 2004)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1159.975 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head    632 Adult Eye    690.1 Adult Brain    1555.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1273.7 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1159.975) Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head  (632) Adult Eye  (690.1) Adult Brain  (1555.7) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1273.7) Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1159.975) Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head    632 Adult Eye    690.1 Adult Brain  (1555.7) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1273.7) Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1159.975 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head    632 Adult Eye    690.1 Adult Brain    1555.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1273.7 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1159.975 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head    632 Adult Eye    690.1 Adult Brain    1555.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1273.7 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1159.975) Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head  632 Adult Eye  690.1 Adult Brain  (1555.7) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1273.7) Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  1159.975 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head    632 Adult Eye    690.1 Adult Brain  1555.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1273.7 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1159.975 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    5.4 Larval Trachea    21.275 Larval Carcass    13.55 Adult Head    632 Adult Eye    690.1 Adult Brain    1555.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1273.7 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    7.4 Adult Hindgut    7.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    14.9 Adult Salivary Gland    12.2 Adult Heart    9.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    2.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.8 Adult Carcass    39.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    632   NA  Eye    690.1   NA  Brain    1555.7   1159.975  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1273.7   NA  Crop    7.5   4.6  Midgut    7.4   9  Hindgut    7.2   3.6  Malpighian Tubules    6.5   4.7  Fat Body    14.9   5.4  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    9.075   21.275  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    3.5   NA  Testis    2.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    6.8   13.55  Carcass    39.1 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3    276 central nervous system, pupae P8    401 head, virgin 1-day female    136 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    76 head, mated 1-day female    140 head, mated 4-day female    128 head, mated 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day male    212 head, mated 4-day male    242 head, mated 20-day male    176 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8    64 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    38 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3  (276) central nervous system, pupae P8  (401) head, virgin 1-day female  (136) head, virgin 4-day female  (129) head, virgin 20-day female  (76) head, mated 1-day female  (140) head, mated 4-day female  (128) head, mated 20-day female  (75) head, mated 1-day male  (212) head, mated 4-day male  (242) head, mated 20-day male  (176) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8  (64) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (38) carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3  (276) central nervous system, pupae P8  (401) head, virgin 1-day female  (136) head, virgin 4-day female  (129) head, virgin 20-day female    76 head, mated 1-day female  (140) head, mated 4-day female  (128) head, mated 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day male  (212) head, mated 4-day male  (242) head, mated 20-day male  (176) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8    64 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    38 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3    276 central nervous system, pupae P8    401 head, virgin 1-day female    136 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    76 head, mated 1-day female    140 head, mated 4-day female    128 head, mated 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day male    212 head, mated 4-day male    242 head, mated 20-day male    176 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8    64 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    38 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3    276 central nervous system, pupae P8    401 head, virgin 1-day female    136 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    76 head, mated 1-day female    140 head, mated 4-day female    128 head, mated 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day male    212 head, mated 4-day male    242 head, mated 20-day male    176 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8    64 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    38 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3  (276) central nervous system, pupae P8  (401) head, virgin 1-day female  (136) head, virgin 4-day female  (129) head, virgin 20-day female  (76) head, mated 1-day female  (140) head, mated 4-day female  (128) head, mated 20-day female  (75) head, mated 1-day male  (212) head, mated 4-day male  (242) head, mated 20-day male  (176) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8  (64) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (38) carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3  (276) central nervous system, pupae P8  (401) head, virgin 1-day female  136 head, virgin 4-day female  129 head, virgin 20-day female    76 head, mated 1-day female  140 head, mated 4-day female  128 head, mated 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day male  (212) head, mated 4-day male  (242) head, mated 20-day male  (176) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8    64 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    38 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    17 central nervous system, larvae L3    276 central nervous system, pupae P8    401 head, virgin 1-day female    136 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    76 head, mated 1-day female    140 head, mated 4-day female    128 head, mated 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day male    212 head, mated 4-day male    242 head, mated 20-day male    176 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    11 fat body, pupae P8    64 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    38 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    15 carcass, 20-day adult    10 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr    26 embryo 22-24hr    29 larva L1    28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr  26 embryo 22-24hr  (29) larva L1  (28) larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr  (32) pupae 2d postWPP  (33) pupae 3d postWPP  (29) pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr    26 embryo 22-24hr    29 larva L1    28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr    26 embryo 22-24hr    29 larva L1    28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr    26 embryo 22-24hr    29 larva L1    28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr  26 embryo 22-24hr  29 larva L1  28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr  32 pupae 2d postWPP  (33) pupae 3d postWPP  29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr    26 embryo 22-24hr    29 larva L1    28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    19 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    25 embryo 20-22hr    26 embryo 22-24hr    29 larva L1    28 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    24 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    29 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    17 adult male 05day    17 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    2 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    6 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    1 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    2 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    38 cold shock, 4-day adult    35 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    41 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (38) cold shock, 4-day adult  (35) heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (27) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (41) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    38 cold shock, 4-day adult    35 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    41 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    38 cold shock, 4-day adult    35 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    41 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    38 cold shock, 4-day adult    35 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    41 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (38) cold shock, 4-day adult  (35) heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (41) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    38 cold shock, 4-day adult    35 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    41 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    38 cold shock, 4-day adult    35 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    41 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_29 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_14
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH04413 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000108 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG7727-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Appl Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a ApplScer\UAS.cTa partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 ApplScer\UAS.cTa viable Appld viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ApplGD3170 Sterility Allele fertile Appld Other Phenotypes Allele increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 ApplScer\UAS.cTa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 Applsd.Scer\UAS memory defective, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247.Switch ApplG3.dsRNA.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective Appld neuroanatomy defective, with Appld, Scer\GAL4unspecified Applsd.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective, with Applsd.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4unspecified Appld neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4unspecified Appls.Scer\UAS ApplScer\UAS.cTa Applsd.Scer\UAS ApplsdΔCg.Scer\UAS ApplsdΔE1.Scer\UAS ApplsdΔE2.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | adult stage Appld neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a Applsd.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU ApplScer\UAS.cCSa Applsd.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective Appld phototaxis defective | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU ApplScer\UAS.cCSa planar polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev ApplJF02878 short lived Appld visible Appld visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 ApplScer\UAS.cTa visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 ApplScer\UAS.cTa Applsd.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective Appld wild-type, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 ApplScer\UAS.cTa Phenotype manifest in Allele adult brain Appld adult brain, with Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a Applsd.Scer\UAS ApplScer\UAS.cCSa ApplAβ.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 adult brain, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 ApplScer\UAS.cCSa anterior scutellar bristle Appld bouton Appld bouton, with Scer\GAL4unspecified Appls.Scer\UAS ApplsdΔE2.Scer\UAS bouton | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4unspecified ApplScer\UAS.cTa ApplsdΔCg.Scer\UAS Applsd.Scer\UAS ApplsdΔE1.Scer\UAS cortex of lamina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU Applsd.Scer\UAS ApplScer\UAS.cCSa crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 ApplScer\UAS.cTa embryonic/larval nervous system Appld eo neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 AppldsRNA.Scer\UAS macrochaeta ApplBG00720 macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 ApplScer\UAS.cTa mechanosensory sensory organ, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 AppldsRNA.Scer\UAS Applsd.Scer\UAS NMJ bouton Appld NMJ bouton, with Scer\GAL4C164 Applsd.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev ApplJF02878 photoreceptor cell R3, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev ApplJF02878 posterior scutellar bristle Appld retina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF ApplScer\UAS.cCSa ApplAβ.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 scutellar bristle Appld sternopleural bristle Appld trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 AppldsRNA.Scer\UAS ventral adult lateral neuron & dendritic tree, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf ApplScer\UAS.cTa wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 ApplScer\UAS.cTa Applsd.Scer\UAS wing pouch, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 Applsd.Scer\UAS wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 Applsd.Scer\UAS
Classical Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Appl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Appld loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 1 Yes ApplBG02664 P-element activity 1 -- Applf03252 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Applf04460 piggyBac transposase 1 -- ApplBG00720 P-element activity 0 Yes Appls 0 -- Applsd 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Appl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ApplGD3170 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes ApplHMS01931 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ApplJF02878 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ApplKK102543 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Appls.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Applsd.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplsdΔCg.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplsdΔE1.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplsdΔE2.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplsdΔIC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplsdΔNPTY.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes ApplAβ.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ApplC100.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes AppldAICD.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes AppldsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 -- ApplG3.dsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Applhs.PL in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Applhs.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Appls.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Appls.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes ApplScer\UAS.cCSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ApplScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Applsd.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)Exel6222 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(1)vndD38 (Chu et al., 1998, Sone et al., 2009) Df(1)yT7-518 (Luo et al., 1992)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;Y)y+m52 (Luo et al., 1992)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)yT6-437 (Luo et al., 1992) Df(1)yT7-376 (Jimenez et al., 1995)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;Y)y+m64 (Luo et al., 1992)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD3170} NA P{KK102543} NA P{TRiP.HMS01931} NA P{TRiP.JF02878} NA P{UAS-Appl.Aβ} NA P{UAS-Appl.C100} NA P{UAS-Appl.CS} NA P{UAS-Appl.dAICD.HA} NA P{UAS-Appl.HA} NA P{UAS-Appl.RNAi} NA P{UAS-Appl.s.HA} NA P{UAS-Appl.s} NA P{UAS-Appl.sd} NA P{UAS-Appl.sdΔCg} NA P{UAS-Appl.sdΔE1} NA P{UAS-Appl.sdΔE2} NA P{UAS-Appl.sdΔIC} NA P{UAS-Appl.sdΔNPTY} NA P{UAS-Appl.T} NA P{UAS-Appl-RNAi.G3} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-Appl.E789stop} NA P{hs-Appl.FLAG} NA P{hs-Appl.sd} NA P{hs-Appl} NA GAL4 construct P{Appl-GAL4.G1a} No
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{GT1}ApplBG00720 NA P{GT1}ApplBG02664 NA PBac{WH}Applf03252 NA PBac{WH}Applf04460 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with Aplip1 (Taru et al., 2002) inferred from physical interaction with APP-BP1 (Kim et al., 2007) inferred from physical interaction with Fas2 (Ashley et al., 2005)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
long-term memory inferred from direct assay (Goguel et al., 2011) negative regulation of neuron death inferred from mutant phenotype (Wentzell et al., 2012) neuron projection morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Leyssen et al., 2005) peripheral nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Merdes et al., 2004) response to axon injury inferred from mutant phenotype (Leyssen et al., 2005) synapse organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ashley et al., 2005)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Luo et al., 1990) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Luo et al., 1990)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
heparin binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015849 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) transition metal ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011178 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
nervous system development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Appl - CG1688 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) Appl - HIP-R experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Appl allele Gene References ApplScer\UAS.cTa numb (Merdes et al., 2004) Applsd.Scer\UAS eag (Torroja et al., 1999) unspecified Fas2 (Ashley et al., 2005) Khc (Torroja et al., 1999) Sh (Torroja et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57571 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000108 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000108 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31002
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (36) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG64F6VN Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6M39HQ Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6ZCS10 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6J9KFB Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6HJ1VZ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG64F6VN)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Appl     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD16511 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM19074 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG12794 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE16620 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF22097 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA20547 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL21378 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK16435 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ19504 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI14839 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH24196 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6M39HQ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL005895   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002790   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ014395
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6ZCS10)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB48454   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG002465   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH10804   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13515   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13514   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21940   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL12860   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22477   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB20544   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB20543   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB20546   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10716   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10714   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI005514   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA008317   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM287160   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM287170
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6J9KFB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_313180   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW015538   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW015537
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6HJ1VZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\apl-1
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD16511 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM19074 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG12794 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE16620 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF22097 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA20547 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL21378 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK16435 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ19504 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI14839 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH24196
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 17 )
Bloomington	43632 Appld w* 38403 w*; P{UAS-Appl.T}2 29863 w1118; P{UAS-Appl.sd}2 32041 w*; P{UAS-Appl.sdΔCg}KW 29866 w1118; P{UAS-Appl.sdΔE1}3 29867 w1118; P{UAS-Appl.sdΔE2}3 29864 w1118; P{UAS-Appl.sdΔNPTY}3
Harvard	- PBac{WH}Applf03252 - PBac{WH}Applf04460
VDRC	v108312 P{KK102543}VIE-260B v42673 w1118; P{GD3170}v42673 v42675 w1118; P{GD3170}v42675
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR08O05 BACR16G06 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 188 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH03275 GH04413 GH17517 GM07634
Other clones	DPiM_GH04413
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH04105 GH09154 GH17769 GH17953 GH19034 GH21712 GH24970 GH28875 GM03224 GM03815 GM05045 HL03842 HL03850 HL03916 HL05587 LP14796 LP19055 RE14280 RE28425 RE35814 RE35826 RE45468 RE50035 RE51837 RH09907 RH10564 RH50506 RH52284 RH74726 SD02313 SD04181 SD08607 SD10309 SD10954 SD21404
Other clones	16918 18278 18839 20005 21341 30708 41829 55617 65090 71372 75575 78298 79424 163547 192564 210952 281315 CK01.10D.D4 CK01.54C.F9 CK01.57D.D8 CK01.60B.G2 CK01.102D.A6 CK01.120B.C4 CK01.122D.E5 CK01.126C.F5 CK00276 CK00290 CK01013 CK01418 CK01435 CK01710 CK02129 CK02242 CK02431 Dmel_neb_012448_0651_0912 EC240053 EC252118 EC255908 EC256267 EC256286 EC256993 EC257239 EK001146 EK001816 EK011706 EK044321 EK046048 EK048241 EK050126 EK050902 EK051431 EK058816 EK060009 EK063457 EK067046 EK074010 EK080748 EK085844 EK085928 EK086435 EK086522 EK087521 EK088646 EK090460 EK091842 EK097023 EK098818 EK104826 EK109812 EK110627 EK119406 EK121537 EK122408 EK128630 EK130555 EK131263 EK132303 EK134158 EK136345 EK139441 EK145861 EK146701 EK150642 EK152409 EK154733 EK157335 EK164553 EK165633 EK166523 EK168134 EK169053 EK184348 EK184436 EK190542 EK199217 EK201143 EK207547 EK213058 EK220032 EK223001 EK226934 EK235206 EK242629 EK244018 EK247539 EK249423 EK254438 EK261620 EK261662 EK261909 EK265103 EK266014 EK266032 EK267623 EK269517 EK272035 EK272734 EK279364 EK283053 EK288824 EK290550 EK291501 EK292017 EK298018 EK299637 EK302060 EK302235 EK305906 EK306316 EK306549 EK307114 EN12547 EN16847 EP07313 EP09560 EP09949 EP10433 EP10804 EP11523 EP11657 EP18739 EP19045 Nfly-115 RP004092166 RP004148885 RP004490326 RP004505066 RP004551486
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000108 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31002
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Torroja et al., 1996, Sone et al., 2009, Carmine-Simmen et al., 2009, Luo et al., 1990, Torroja et al., 1996)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Appl is not required for learning but is specifically involved in long-term memory. (Goguel et al., 2011) Appl exerts it effects downstream of Fas2 during synaptic bouton growth. (Ashley et al., 2005) Neuronal overexpression of Appl gene product disrupts axonal transport. The proposed cellular function of Appl in vesicle transport could provide membrane trafficking as a common connection between APP and Presenilins. (Torroja et al., 1999) The Appl cytoplasmic domain is required to promote synapse formation, being essential for both the satellite bouton-promoting activity and the formation of extra parent boutons caused when Appl is overexpressed. The satellite bouton-promoting activity depends on the presence of the internalization signal, the formation of extra parent boutons depends on the presence of an intact extracellular domain. The distribution of Appl is altered in hyperexcitable mutants. (Torroja et al., 1999) Appl promotes synapse differentiation at the neuromuscular junction. (Torroja et al., 1999) In vivo regulation of Appl processing and trafficking in neurons is studied using an immunocytochemical approach. Results suggest that the transmembrane and secreted forms of Appl have their respective roles and reinforce previous studies that Appl is essential for optimal nervous system function. (Torroja et al., 1996) Flies deleted for Appl are viable, fertile and morphologically normal, but show subtle behavioural defects in fast phototaxis assay. These defects can be rescued in transgenes for wild type Drosophila or human Appl gene. (Luo et al., 1992) Identification, secretion and neural expression of Appl provides further evidence that the β amyloid protein precursor associated with Alzheimer's disease and Appl might be functionally homologous in their respective organisms and suggest an ancestral nervous system function. (Luo et al., 1990) Appl defines a locus in the position 1B that has previously been shown to be important for neural development. (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) The Appl gene is important for neural development. (Martin-Morris and White, 1990) The Appl gene is known to be homologous to the human protein associated with Alzheimer disease. (Martin-Morris et al., 1990) The APPL-encoding gene initially suggested (FBrf0050824) to correspond to vnd, but this has been disproved, since a terminal deletion which retains vnd+ function removes most of the Appl coding sequences (FBrf0051559).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057278 NM_001258519 NM_001258520 NM_001258521 NM_001258522 NM_001258523 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476626 NP_001245448 NP_001245449 NP_001245450 NP_001245451 NP_001245452 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA698149 AAA28874 AAD55414 AAF45520 AF181628 AFH07164 AFH07165 AFH07166 AFH07167 AFH07168 AI064141 AI401950 AL022139 AL031883 AL035104 CAA18093 CAA21409 CAA39294 CZ485799 CZ486995 J04516 X55774 X55775 Z31790 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31002 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P14599
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular (IPR008154) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding (IPR011178) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, heparin-binding (IPR015849) Beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminal (IPR019543) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular domain conserved site (IPR019744) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, intracellular domain, conserved site (IPR019745) Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, E2 domain (IPR024329) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH04413
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57571 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000108 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000108 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000108 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000108 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG7727-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000108 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31002 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /hjmuller/appl1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31002 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000108
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 16 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	APP (Merdes et al., 2004, Merdes et al., 2007, Smith, 2001) APPL (Leyssen et al., 2005, Finley et al., 2003, Sone et al., 2005, Gunawardena and Goldstein, 2005, Goldstein, 2003, Simons et al., 2002, Goldstein, 2001, Koushika et al., 2000, Yagi et al., 1999, Packard et al., 1999, Koushika et al., 1996, Torroja et al., 1996, Kim et al., 2007, Weaver et al., 2007, Greeve et al., 2004, Ashley et al., 2005, Bolkan et al., 2012, Rusu et al., 2007, Wentzell et al., 2012, Stempfle et al., 2010, Groth et al., 2010, Hase et al., 2002) appl (Martin-Morris, 1999.3.12, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012) Appl (Dionne et al., 2006, Gunawardena and Goldstein, 2001, Li et al., 2004, Ashley et al., 2005, Nelson et al., 2005, Pramatarova et al., 2006, Sone et al., 2009, Carmine-Simmen et al., 2009, Hall, 2003, Kim et al., 2007, Smith et al., 2009, Kazemi-Esfarjani and Benzer, 2002, Li et al., 2007, Klebes et al., 2002, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Goguel et al., 2011, Jumbo-Lucioni et al., 2010) APP-like (Gunawardena and Goldstein, 2001) Aβ (Finelli et al., 2002) BcDNA:GH04413   CG7727 (Norga et al., 2003, Benos, 2000.12.13, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) EG:65F1.5 (Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13, )
Name Synonym	amyloid precursor protein (Ashley et al., 2005) amyloid precursor protein-like (Pramatarova et al., 2006) Amyloid Precursor Protein-like (Wentzell et al., 2012) beta amyloid protein precursor-like (Nelson et al., 2005) Beta amyloid protein precursor-like (Ling and Salvaterra, 2011) β-amyloid-protein-precursor-like (Martin-Morris et al., 1990) β amyloid protein precursor-like (Cho et al., 2005, Smith et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0028498
References ( 109 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 109 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 53 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 9 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 22 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Hopkins, 2013, PLoS ONE 8(2): e55810 Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila Model for the Function of TMCC2, an Amyloid Protein Precursor-Interacting and Apolipoprotein E-Binding Protein. [FBrf0220834] Bolkan et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(46): 16181--16192 beta-Secretase Cleavage of the Fly Amyloid Precursor Protein Is Required for Glial Survival. [FBrf0219983] Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Dev. Cell 23(1): 82--96 Hibris, a Drosophila Nephrin Homolog, Is Required for Presenilin-Mediated Notch and APP-like Cleavages. [FBrf0218978] Wentzell et al., 2012, Neurobiol. Disease 46(1): 78--87 Amyloid precursor proteins are protective in Drosophila models of progressive neurodegeneration. [FBrf0217742] Goguel et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(3): 1032--1037 Drosophila amyloid precursor protein-like is required for long-term memory. [FBrf0212809] Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(3): e17762 Robust RT-qPCR Data Normalization: Validation and Selection of Internal Reference Genes during Post-Experimental Data Analysis. [FBrf0213272] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...