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Gene Dmel\Arr1

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Arr1	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Arrestin 1	Annotation symbol	CG5711
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000120
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Also Known As	Arr
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	36E3-36E3	Sequence location	2L:18,078,269..18,081,187 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Arrestin 1 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Arr1 (CG5711, FBgn0000120). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: opsin binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: photoreceptor cell maintenance; deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling; endocytosis; metarhodopsin inactivation. 6 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: rhabdomere; eye photoreceptor cell. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Arrestin; Arrestin C-terminal-like domain; Arrestin, C-terminal; Arrestin, N-terminal; Arrestin, conserved site; Arrestin-like, N-terminal; Immunoglobulin E-set. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult brain. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult testis. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1636163_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Arr1. Gene sequence location is 2L:18078269..18081187.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Arr1: Arrestin 1 Encodes a Drosophila homologue of mammalian arrestin, a protein that interacts stoichiometrically with activated rhodopsin, inhibiting its ability to interact with the G protein, transducin, thus terminating the visual response. ARR1 presumed to be the 41-kd protein that is phosphorylated by exposure to light in the presence but not the absence (i.e., ninaE flies) of rhodopsin. Expression first detected in late pupae, when other genes involved in phototransduction are also first expressed. Transcript localized to photoreceptor cells of the compound eye, the ocelli, and the larval light sensitive organ.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 36E3-36E3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Aac11k06710 and P{EP}CG10413EP2164
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 36D-36D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hyde et al., 1990) 36D1-36D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Smith et al., 1990)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Arr1 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Arr1-RA FBtr0081030  NM_057333   1435   364 Arr1-RB FBtr0307350  NM_001259144   2207   364 Arr1-RC FBtr0340229     1356   350
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.6 (northern blot) (Smith et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Arr1-PA   FBpp0080583   40.8   364   8.67     NP_476681   AAF53644 Arr1-PB   FBpp0298351   40.8   364   8.67     NP_001246073   AFH03747 Arr1-PC   FBpp0309204   39.0   350   8.91
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	364 (aa) (Smith et al., 1990) 49 (kD) (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Arrestin, C-terminal (IPR014752) Arrestin, N-terminal (IPR014753) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756) Arrestin (IPR000698) Arrestin-like, N-terminal (IPR011021) Arrestin C-terminal-like domain (IPR011022) Arrestin, conserved site (IPR017864)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA567588   AA567640   AA567716   AA567820   AA567864   AA567877   AA567885   AA567975   AA567989   AA567995   AA568065   AA568074   AA568084   AA697332   AA697342   AA697406   AA697446   AA697486   AA697488   AA697558   AA697566   AA697571   AA697646   AA697749   AA697758   AA697791   AA697795   AA697803   AA697816   AA697822   AA697936   AA697949   AA697963   AA697977   AA698065   AA698111   AA698225   AA698386   AA698387   AA698458   AA698462   AA698536   AA698610   AA698689   AA698717   AA698827   AA698910   AA698929   AA698965   AA698971   AA698984   AA699024   AA699037   AA699169   AA699192   AA699214   AA699256   AA736179   AA801492   AA801539   AA801580   AA821230   AE014134 AAF53644   AC005444   AC011662   AE014134 AFH03747   AI061822   AI061830   AI061835   AI061866   AI061992   AI062017   AI062046   AI062048   AI062120   AI062146   AI062194   AI062217   AI062241   AI062301   AI062328   AI062333   AI062475   AI062482   AI062516   AI062518   AI062521   AI062566   AI062596   AI062676   AI062687   AI062735   AI062739   AI062805   AI062809   AI062870   AI062872   AI062885   AI062906   AI062932   AI062960   AI063037   AI063062   AI063114   AI063128   AI063140   AI063165   AI063175   AI063176   AI063302   AI063306   AI063345   AI063431   AI063454   AI063455   AI063514   AI063562   AI063624   AI063669   AI063707   AI063742   AI063751   AI063765   AI063865   AI063877   AI063881   AI063902   AI063904   AI063941   AI063943   AI063954   AI063967   AI064066   AI064070   AI064086   AI064089   AI064091   AI064119   AI064126   AI064135   AI064161   AI064170   AI064184   AI064234   AI064235   AI064239   AI064244   AI064248   AI064249   AI064317   AI064333   AI064343   AI064371   AI064409   AI064418   AI064543   AI064564   AI064569   AI064575   AI064589   AI064598   AI064620   AI064641   AI064655   AI064666   AI106810   AI106822   AI106823   AI106839   AI106853   AI106856   AI106904   AI106922   AI106923   AI106925   AI106937   AI106997   AI107014   AI107067   AI107107   AI107108   AI107131   AI107137   AI107156   AI107325   AI107362   AI107396   AI107413   AI107447   AI107507   AI107508   AI107546   AI107564   AI107570   AI107647   AI107651   AI107684   AI107695   AI107704   AI107723   AI107742   AI107750   AI107758   AI107771   AI107814   AI107843   AI107926   AI107930   AI107961   AI107974   AI108037   AI108104   AI108106   AI108117   AI108177   AI108190   AI108295   AI108396   AI108567   AI108721   AI108733   AI108761   AI108836   AI108850   AI108914   AI108952   AI108953   AI108954   AI109005   AI109048   AI109074   AI109105   AI109108   AI109165   AI109274   AI109302   AI109354   AI109371   AI109408   AI109414   AI109444   AI109468   AI109475   AI109489   AI109518   AI109654   AI109763   AI109843   AI109876   AI109906   AI109995   AI110017   AI110025   AI110038   AI110054   AI110064   AI110066   AI110085   AI110134   AI110212   AI113430   AI113451   AI113547   AI113628   AI113630   AI113633   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AI403476   AI403496   AI403637   AI403664   AI403677   AI403682   AI403686   AI403725   AI403773   AI403849   AI403887   AI403914   AI403918   AI403989   AI403996   AI404007   AI404075   AI404088   AI404111   AI404117   AI404142   AI404145   AI404177   AI404194   AI404424   AI404436   AI404493   AI404518   AI404519   AI404627   AI404659   AI404688   AI404741   AI404755   AI404793   AI405000   AI405022   AI405044   AI405054   AI405064   AI405127   AI405153   AI405174   AI405216   AI405237   AI405250   AI405253   AI405254   AI405271   AI405375   AI405424   AI405430   AI405441   AI405467   AI405475   AI405511   AI405512   AI405588   AI405589   AI405613   AI405621   AI405624   AI405648   AI405696   AI405750   AI405760   AI405926   AI406143   AI406175   AI406196   AI406243   AI406250   AI406257   AI513358   AI513483   AI513489   AI513540   AI513542   AI513704   AI513755   AI513775   AI513842   AI513968   AI514019   AI514041   AI514084   AI514097   AI514117   AI514118   AI514151   AI514152   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BI626382   BI626644   BI627423   BI627830   BI628127   BI628168   BI628551   BI628690   BI630943   BI631318   BI631544   BI631604   BI631615   BI631803   BI634257   BI634544   BI634988   CK086509   CK086526   CK131211   CK131215   CK131216   CK131227   CO190162   CO263828   CO268506   CO268761   CO268879   CO269562   CO275044   CO277835   CO279548   CO279549   CO285398   CO289069   CO289208   CO297317   CO298064   CO301330   CO301432   CO301566   CO301941   CO302859   CO309976   CO309996   CO310553   CO315997   CO320380   CO320869   CO321791   CO322559   CO323051   CO330218   CO344323   EC057291   EC059536   EC059606   EC060796   EC062536   EC062540   EC073844   EC075850   EC086109   EC088374   EC089334   EC090282   EC195515   EC196740   EC197100   EC199694   EC200502   EC202004   EC204554   EC207698   EC212435   EC216054   EC216068   EC219932   EC220300   EC222291   EC222937   EC229965   EC234720   EC239274   EC242909   EC243682   EC244099   EC253886   EL871055   EL874028   EL874029   EL874150   EL874151   EL874382   EL876156   EL877456   EL880300   EL880301   EL880399   EL880400   EL880484   EL880818   EL880941   EL881345   EL881533   EL881629   EL881630   EL884802   EL885176   EV579551   EV594815   EV599468   GH964793   GH968928   GH980300   M30140 AAA28380   M30177
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P15372
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
expression microarray Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   eye   (Xu et al., 2004) pcr Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference spermatogenesis & adult stage   testis   (Alvarez et al., 1996) radioisotope in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference pupal stage | late     (Smith et al., 1990) adult stage | early     (Smith et al., 1990) adult stage   photoreceptor cell of ocellus   (Smith et al., 1990) photoreceptor cell of retina   (Smith et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Eye-enriched transcripts determined by ratio of expression level in wild-type heads. versus expression level in so heads. (Xu et al., 2004) By PCR analysis, Rh2, Arr1, and the non-visual norpA transcripts were detected in male gonads, while ninaA, ninaE, Rh3, Rh4, Arr2, Gβ76C, and visual norpA transcripts were not detected in male gonads. (Alvarez et al., 1996) In situ localization to adult head sections shows that Arr1 is expressed in the photoreceptor cells of both retina and ocelli. Arr1 accumulates by late pupation (8 days), and reaches maximum expression levels after eclosion (10 days). (Smith et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   Bolwig organ   (Rosenbaum et al., 2011) adult stage   rhabdomere   (Dolph et al., 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Arr1 protein is detected in all rhabdomeres of the adult visual system. (Dolph et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Satoh and Ready, 2005) rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Dolph et al., 1993, Satoh and Ready, 2005)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{arr1-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   rhabdomere   (Dolph et al., 1993)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult brain. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult testis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    888.05 Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head    4801.4 Adult Eye    9330.775 Adult Brain    706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea  (888.05) Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head  (4801.4) Adult Eye  (9330.775) Adult Brain  (706.8) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    888.05 Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head  (4801.4) Adult Eye  (9330.775) Adult Brain    706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    888.05 Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head    4801.4 Adult Eye    9330.775 Adult Brain    706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    888.05 Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head    4801.4 Adult Eye    9330.775 Adult Brain    706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea  (888.05) Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head  (4801.4) Adult Eye  (9330.775) Adult Brain  706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    888.05 Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head  (4801.4) Adult Eye  (9330.775) Adult Brain    706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.575 Larval Midgut    12.9 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.9 Larval Fat Body    32.5 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    888.05 Larval Carcass    5.35 Adult Head    4801.4 Adult Eye    9330.775 Adult Brain    706.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2 Adult Crop    4 Adult Midgut    9.7 Adult Hindgut    7.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.3 Adult Fat Body    7.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.9 Adult Heart    40.65 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    3.5 Adult Testis    160.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.8 Adult Carcass    15.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    4801.4   NA  Eye    9330.775   NA  Brain    706.8   5.575  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.2   NA  Crop    4   no informative data  Midgut    9.7   5.3  Hindgut    7.6   4.9  Malpighian Tubules    6.3   no informative data  Fat Body    7.1   8.6  Salivary Gland    6.9   NA  Heart    no informative data   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.1   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1   NA  Ovary    3.5   NA  Testis    160.2   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   5.35  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    725 head, virgin 4-day female    1054 head, virgin 20-day female    1371 head, mated 1-day female    645 head, mated 4-day female    902 head, mated 20-day female    979 head, mated 1-day male    1194 head, mated 4-day male    1617 head, mated 20-day male    1957 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female  (725) head, virgin 4-day female  (1054) head, virgin 20-day female  (1371) head, mated 1-day female  (645) head, mated 4-day female  (902) head, mated 20-day female  (979) head, mated 1-day male  (1194) head, mated 4-day male  (1617) head, mated 20-day male  (1957) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female  (725) head, virgin 4-day female  (1054) head, virgin 20-day female  (1371) head, mated 1-day female  (645) head, mated 4-day female  (902) head, mated 20-day female  (979) head, mated 1-day male  (1194) head, mated 4-day male  (1617) head, mated 20-day male  (1957) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    725 head, virgin 4-day female    1054 head, virgin 20-day female    1371 head, mated 1-day female    645 head, mated 4-day female    902 head, mated 20-day female    979 head, mated 1-day male    1194 head, mated 4-day male    1617 head, mated 20-day male    1957 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    725 head, virgin 4-day female    1054 head, virgin 20-day female    1371 head, mated 1-day female    645 head, mated 4-day female    902 head, mated 20-day female    979 head, mated 1-day male    1194 head, mated 4-day male    1617 head, mated 20-day male    1957 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female  (725) head, virgin 4-day female  (1054) head, virgin 20-day female  (1371) head, mated 1-day female  (645) head, mated 4-day female  (902) head, mated 20-day female  (979) head, mated 1-day male  (1194) head, mated 4-day male  (1617) head, mated 20-day male  (1957) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female  (725) head, virgin 4-day female  (1054) head, virgin 20-day female  (1371) head, mated 1-day female  (645) head, mated 4-day female  (902) head, mated 20-day female  (979) head, mated 1-day male  (1194) head, mated 4-day male  (1617) head, mated 20-day male  (1957) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    725 head, virgin 4-day female    1054 head, virgin 20-day female    1371 head, mated 1-day female    645 head, mated 4-day female    902 head, mated 20-day female    979 head, mated 1-day male    1194 head, mated 4-day male    1617 head, mated 20-day male    1957 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    11 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages, in stages of adults of both sexes. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP    160 adult male 01day    372 adult male 05day    536 adult male 30day    807 adult female 01day    188 adult female 05day    106 adult female 30day    132 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP  (160) adult male 01day  (372) adult male 05day  (536) adult male 30day  (807) adult female 01day  (188) adult female 05day  (106) adult female 30day  (132) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP  (160) adult male 01day  (372) adult male 05day  (536) adult male 30day  (807) adult female 01day  (188) adult female 05day  106 adult female 30day  (132) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP    160 adult male 01day    372 adult male 05day    536 adult male 30day    807 adult female 01day    188 adult female 05day    106 adult female 30day    132 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP    160 adult male 01day    372 adult male 05day    536 adult male 30day    807 adult female 01day    188 adult female 05day    106 adult female 30day    132 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP  (160) adult male 01day  (372) adult male 05day  (536) adult male 30day  (807) adult female 01day  (188) adult female 05day  (106) adult female 30day  (132) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP  (160) adult male 01day  (372) adult male 05day  (536) adult male 30day  (807) adult female 01day  (188) adult female 05day  106 adult female 30day  132 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    8 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    18 pupae 4d postWPP    160 adult male 01day    372 adult male 05day    536 adult male 30day    807 adult female 01day    188 adult female 05day    106 adult female 30day    132 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    61 cold shock, 4-day adult    42 heat shock, 4-day adult    50 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    100 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    111 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    129 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    156 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (61) cold shock, 4-day adult  (42) heat shock, 4-day adult  (50) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (31) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (96) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (100) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (111) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (83) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (129) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (156) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    61 cold shock, 4-day adult    42 heat shock, 4-day adult    50 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    100 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (111) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (129) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (156) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    61 cold shock, 4-day adult    42 heat shock, 4-day adult    50 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    100 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    111 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    129 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    156 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    61 cold shock, 4-day adult    42 heat shock, 4-day adult    50 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    100 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    111 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    129 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    156 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (61) cold shock, 4-day adult  (42) heat shock, 4-day adult  (50) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (96) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (100) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (111) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (83) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (129) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (156) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    61 cold shock, 4-day adult    42 heat shock, 4-day adult    50 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    100 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  111 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  129 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (156) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    61 cold shock, 4-day adult    42 heat shock, 4-day adult    50 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    100 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    111 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    129 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    156 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000120 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5711-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Arr1 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Arr1GD11744 Other Phenotypes Allele increased cell death Arr11 Arr12 smell perception defective (with Df(2L)II30) Arr11 Arr12 smell perception defective | dominant Arr11 Arr12 Phenotype manifest in Allele eye photoreceptor cell Arr11 Arr12 ommatidial cluster & endocytic vesicle Arr11 Arr12 rhabdomere Arr11
Classical Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Arr1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Arr12 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Arr11 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Arr1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Arr1GD11744 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Arr1KK110977 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Arr1NIG.5711R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Arr1Scer\UAS.cZa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel7070 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)I131 (Hardy, 2005.6.1) Df(2L)pr-B11 (Caldwell et al., 2007)
Duplicated in	Dp(2;Y)H3 (Merrill et al., 2002)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)A33 (Hardy, 2005.6.1)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11744} NA P{KK110977} NA P{NIG.5711R} NA reporter construct P{arr1-lacZ} No characterization construct P{UAS-DopR-Tango} NA P{UAS-Oamb-Tango} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 8 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling inferred from genetic interaction with Arr2 (Dolph et al., 1993) endocytosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Satoh and Ready, 2005) metarhodopsin inactivation inferred from genetic interaction with Arr2 (Dolph et al., 1993, Ranganathan and Stevens, 1995) photoreceptor cell maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Satoh and Ready, 2005)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Satoh and Ready, 2005) rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Dolph et al., 1993, Satoh and Ready, 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
opsin binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Smith et al., 1990) traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Montell, 1999) metarhodopsin inactivation non-traceable author statement (Zuker, 1996) phototransduction non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Arr1 - Bacc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - BthD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - CG10887 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - CG12333 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - CG1532 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - CG6218 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - CG7049 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - Df31 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - Hsc70-1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - Rae1 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Arr1 - RpS12 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - Spn47C anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - abs anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - sced anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - sw anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr1 - δCOP anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Arr1 allele Gene References Arr11 Arr2 (Dolph et al., 1993) Arr12 Arr2 (Merrill et al., 2002) unspecified Arr2 (Satoh and Ready, 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61074 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000120 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000120 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35078
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (57) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6KSQ4T Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6NZV2Z Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6P2NXV Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6PC87N Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6WMHNM
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6KSQ4T)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Arr1     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD24126 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM17260 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG21103 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\Arr1 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF14811 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19076 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL14653 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK18171 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ14679     Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ17709 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI17937 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11636 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6NZV2Z)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL013535   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\Arr1   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ801954
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6P2NXV)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Arr1   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG005804   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH13898   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP22678   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO13140   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL12886   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18213   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24684   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI004674   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI082622   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA003755   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\Arr1
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6PC87N)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Mlf1ip
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6WMHNM)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\arr-1 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023889gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_006155gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_017460gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arr3l Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arrb1 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\saga Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arrb2b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arrb2a Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arr3 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arrb1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arrb2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\sag Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ARR3 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SAG Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Sag Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Arrb2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Arrb1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Arrb2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000043177 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Arrb1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Sag Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Arr3 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000033999 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SAG Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000141480 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ARRB1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000120500 Y
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\SAG     Hsap\ENSG00000141480     Hsap\ARRB1     Hsap\ENSG00000120500
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD24126 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM17260 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG21103 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\Arr1 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF14811 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19076 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL14653 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK18171 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ17709 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI17937 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH11636
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Bloomington	42252 Arr11 cn1 bw1 42253 Arr12 cn1 bw1/SM6b, bw1
VDRC	v22196 w1118; P{GD11744}v22196/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR01G10 BACR39D12 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 913 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH02247 GH02276 GH02643 GH02917 GH02946 GH03818 GH03986 GH04324 GH04517 GH05084 GH05282 GH05603 GH06054 GH06076 GH06088 GH07104 GH07174 GH08591 GH08647 GH09259 GH09417 GH09725 GH10035 GH10048 GH10278 GH10580 GH10929 GH10990 GH11192 GH11949 GH13080 GH13971 GH15813 GH16447 GH16547 GH16732 GH17028 GH17196 GH17296 GH17354 GH17388 GH17832 GH17943 GH17973 GH18405 GH18465 GH18519 GH18530 GH18932 GH18986 GH19021 GH19046 GH19555 GH19812 GH20136 GH20169 GH20336 GH20360 GH20455 GH20513 GH20944 GH20960 GH21347 GH21503 GH21822 GH22243 GH22244 GH22842 GH22903 GH23225 GH23378 GH23464 GH23679 GH24483 GH24628 GH25156 GH25178 GH25427 GH25474 GH25639 GH25641 GH25707 GH26391 GH26418 GH26482 GH27063 GH27090 GH27155 GH27239 GH27472 GH27639 GH28658 GH28710 HL01834 HL02069 HL02090 HL02260 HL02334 HL02419 HL02621 HL03158 HL03182 HL03537 HL03723 HL03790 HL03974 HL05480 HL05541 HL05963 HL06090 HL06606 HL08045 RH05948 RH51321 RH55858 RH71950
Other clones	6055 20881 28581 41808 47073 52942 54699 54949 54980 58442 61643 64031 71673 82957 97465 118484 160286 175582 179710 180230 183484 191660 214531.22 CK01.20D.H7 CK01.58B.G11 CK01.61A.C3 CK01.89A.H5 CK01.90C.D4 CK01.103A.D7 CK01.118B.D8 CK01.120B.C7 CK01.121A.F5 CK01.121C.D4 CK01.143B.H12 Dmel_dig_011938_0672_0980 Dmel_neb_002798_0901_3636 Dmel_neb_014161_0573_1551 EK046828 EK070031 EK070446 EK091812 EK092623 EK092946 EK095006 EK116264 EK126952 EK135203 EK135207 EK136543 EK168912 EK171255 EK180729 EK180941 EK181424 EK182739 EK185039 EK186403 EK188401 EK189556 EK216651 EK220104 EK220223 EK222004 EK263312 EK284517 EK288553 EK294736 EP19047 GH01022 GH01056 GH01090 GH01092 GH01204 GH01237 GH01319 GH01352 GH01381 GH01457 GH01493 GH01504 GH01689 GH01703 GH01739 GH01742 GH01745 GH01801 GH01849 GH01965 GH01977 GH02048 GH02052 GH02148 GH02152 GH02223 GH02226 GH02316 GH02351 GH02455 GH02488 GH02596 GH02625 GH02681 GH02693 GH02694 GH02856 GH02874 GH02887 GH02932 GH02953 GH02996 GH03036 GH03042 GH03093 GH03239 GH03278 GH03279 GH03378 GH03436 GH03545 GH03616 GH03667 GH03716 GH03725 GH03739 GH03822 GH03967 GH03982 GH04016 GH04018 GH04063 GH04065 GH04079 GH04093 GH04130 GH04171 GH04231 GH04330 GH04348 GH04351 GH04353 GH04383 GH04393 GH04407 GH04438 GH04449 GH04466 GH04533 GH04551 GH04566 GH04572 GH04574 GH04585 GH04590 GH04606 GH04607 GH04689 GH04711 GH04723 GH04757 GH04825 GH04838 GH04995 GH05025 GH05030 GH05036 GH05051 GH05061 GH05135 GH05225 GH05226 GH05310 GH05316 GH05441 GH05451 GH05496 GH05517 GH05527 GH05551 GH05577 GH05587 GH05620 GH05669 GH05708 GH05819 GH05825 GH05868 GH05887 GH05963 GH06035 GH06053 GH06093 GH06102 GH06158 GH06183 GH06184 GH06186 GH06206 GH06275 GH06293 GH06359 GH06410 GH06411 GH06441 GH06449 GH06469 GH06846 GH06848 GH06861 GH06946 GH06948 GH06961 GH07222 GH07437 GH07438 GH07439 GH07492 GH07553 GH07587 GH07757 GH07948 GH07963 GH07995 GH08130 GH08147 GH08231 GH08279 GH08414 GH08446 GH08515 GH08536 GH08601 GH08679 GH08689 GH08707 GH08740 GH08901 GH09083 GH09130 GH09224 GH09302 GH09442 GH09452 GH09470 GH09502 GH09518 GH09520 GH09544 GH09609 GH09732 GH09774 GH09846 GH09881 GH10015 GH10017 GH10025 GH10073 GH10271 GH10277 GH10304 GH10335 GH10374 GH10430 GH10431 GH10456 GH10457 GH10570 GH10601 GH10603 GH10624 GH10664 GH10712 GH10783 GH10919 GH10926 GH10938 GH10947 GH11044 GH11068 GH11137 GH11149 GH11305 GH11310 GH11520 GH11563 GH11603 GH11619 GH11815 GH11922 GH11974 GH12001 GH12003 GH12008 GH12125 GH12156 GH12164 GH12254 GH12311 GH12424 GH12440 GH12475 GH12516 GH12550 GH12554 GH12759 GH12931 GH13042 GH13086 GH13112 GH13195 GH13218 GH13243 GH13278 GH13332 GH13357 GH13438 GH13469 GH13512 GH13537 GH13559 GH13603 GH13662 GH13714 GH13741 GH13749 GH13805 GH13831 GH13888 GH13906 GH13943 GH13948 GH14146 GH14236 GH14257 GH14337 GH14348 GH14377 GH14394 GH14460 GH14474 GH14617 GH14659 GH14692 GH14719 GH14727 GH14754 GH14882 GH14914 GH14969 GH15002 GH15046 GH15086 GH15208 GH15615 GH15622 GH15665 GH15671 GH15744 GH15778 GH15818 GH15843 GH15975 GH16124 GH16158 GH16159 GH16223 GH16226 GH16347 GH16357 GH16515 GH16588 GH16725 GH16731 GH16754 GH16784 GH16791 GH16835 GH16842 GH16882 GH16945 GH17041 GH17125 GH17386 GH17452 GH17493 GH17534 GH17548 GH17565 GH17636 GH17650 GH17695 GH17785 GH17788 GH17789 GH17827 GH17867 GH17889 GH17933 GH17945 GH17963 GH18020 GH18084 GH18101 GH18106 GH18215 GH18256 GH18327 GH18381 GH18425 GH18439 GH18508 GH18563 GH18662 GH18889 GH18930 GH18931 GH18961 GH18967 GH19070 GH19176 GH19187 GH19252 GH19289 GH19319 GH19321 GH19425 GH19435 GH19502 GH19524 GH19530 GH19543 GH19546 GH19595 GH19650 GH19664 GH19679 GH19890 GH19934 GH20071 GH20075 GH20125 GH20162 GH20184 GH20287 GH20393 GH20403 GH20425 GH20496 GH20503 GH20561 GH20586 GH20737 GH20749 GH20812 GH20844 GH20974 GH21066 GH21067 GH21242 GH21246 GH21268 GH21286 GH21410 GH21474 GH21486 GH21517 GH21524 GH21631 GH21638 GH21695 GH21805 GH21813 GH21829 GH21830 GH21839 GH22089 GH22163 GH22218 GH22260 GH22279 GH22293 GH22345 GH22438 GH22480 GH22519 GH22563 GH22567 GH22634 GH22659 GH22735 GH22737 GH22750 GH22926 GH22948 GH23119 GH23149 GH23163 GH23170 GH23175 GH23279 GH23428 GH23460 GH23554 GH23561 GH23577 GH23665 GH23710 GH23719 GH23747 GH23751 GH23792 GH23822 GH24131 GH24149 GH24234 GH24260 GH24261 GH24413 GH24452 GH24560 GH24579 GH24895 GH24928 GH24952 GH24964 GH24976 GH25047 GH25079 GH25106 GH25192 GH25196 GH25203 GH25222 GH25357 GH25433 GH25446 GH25483 GH25532 GH25533 GH25690 GH25710 GH25756 GH25807 GH25871 GH25882 GH26079 GH26349 GH26472 GH26493 GH26537 GH26593 GH26605 GH26665 GH26667 GH26760 GH26827 GH26861 GH26964 GH26996 GH27141 GH27178 GH27179 GH27223 GH27224 GH27288 GH27290 GH27345 GH27453 GH27628 GH27804 GH27836 GH27873 GH27895 GH27911 GH27991 GH28028 GH28313 GH28337 GH28369 GH28381 GH28441 GH28584 GH28613 GH28764 GH28816 HL01243 HL01253 HL01266 HL01491 HL01566 HL01673 HL01910 HL01928 HL01943 HL02096 HL02281 HL02483 HL02603 HL02605 HL02772 HL02793 HL02803 HL02925 HL03096 HL03113 HL03170 HL03208 HL03221 HL03488 HL03518 HL03557 HL04380 HL04381 HL04717 HL04725 HL04875 HL05329 HL05760 HL05927 HL06124 HL06181 HL07327 HL07343 HL07848 HL07894 HL07920 HL07961 HL08123 IP03216 IP06004 IP07419 IP10132 IP10232 IP10332 IP10654 IP10762 IP11135 IP11328 IP11428 IP14094 IP14194 IP14394 IP16039 IP16339 RH01248 RH01318 RH02137 RH02273 RH02927 RH02949 RH03228 RH03825 RH04461 RH04548 RH06395 RH06833 RH07224 RH07340 RH07370 RH07395 RH07548 RH09221 RH09589 RH10381 RH10452 RH10929 RH11629 RH11694 RH12329 RH13142 RH14284 RH15091 RH15920 RH16820 RH17016 RH17167 RH17862 RH18188 RH18290 RH18409 RH18671 RH18796 RH18955 RH18985 RH20742 RH20746 RH20784 RH21018 RH21441 RH21450 RH23320 RH23657 RH23662 RH24259 RH24265 RH24508 RH24510 RH24831 RH24886 RH24918 RH25645 RH25774 RH28509 RH29013 RH29279 RH29504 RH29547 RH31042 RH31332 RH31431 RH31436 RH31538 RH31789 RH32433 RH32776 RH33160 RH33806 RH33851 RH33980 RH34213 RH34321 RH34363 RH34446 RH37042 RH37685 RH38192 RH38724 RH39230 RH39305 RH39568 RH39977 RH40665 RH41416 RH41640 RH41923 RH42549 RH42793 RH43254 RH44133 RH44475 RH44660 RH44766 RH45346 RH45775 RH46729 RH47086 RH47172 RH47271 RH47361 RH47660 RH48954 RH49584 RH50052 RH50496 RH50725 RH51792 RH53266 RH53846 RH53848 RH56441 RH56491 RH56985 RH57202 RH60288 RH60872 RH61128 RH61212 RH61228 RH61452 RH62393 RH62550 RH63014 RH63758 RH64386 RH64556 RH65169 RH65579 RH65733 RH66263 RH66486 RH67305 RH67646 RH68733 RH69277 RH69670 RH69974 RH70708 RH71333 RH71703 RH72120 RH72194 RH72664 RH74252 RH74546 RH74718 RP004244476 RP004448697 RP004499088
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000120 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35078
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Dolph et al., 1993)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Arr1 CG5711 (Zhong, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes. (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998) In disrupted photoreceptor cells metarhodopsin is not stabilised until arrestin is present. In intact photoreceptor cels significant metarhodopsin stabilisation occurs even in the absence of bound arrestin. (Kiselev and Subramaniam, 1997) A model for metarhodopsin inactivation has been formalised in which the stochiometric binding of arrestin determines the receptor inactivation rate. This model is supported by electrophysiological measurements of metarhodopsin inactivation in dissociated photoreceptors where cytosolic arrestin levels are genetically and physiologically manipulated. (Ranganathan and Stevens, 1995) Light absorption by rhodopsin generates metarhodopsin which activates heterotrimeric G proteins in photoreceptor cells. ninaE is thermally stable, this is a consequence of its interaction with Arr1. (Kiselev and Subramaniam, 1994) Arr1 and Arr2 proteins have a similar function in regulating photoreceptor cell deactivation. The deactivation of the visual response in Arr2 mutants is primarily determined by Arr1 protein. Although the termination of the phototransduction cascade in wild type photoreceptors is determined by the concerted action of several feedback regulatory steps, in the absence of arrestins the termination of the phototransduction process becomes rate-limited by the slow decay of metarhodopsin. (Dolph et al., 1993) Phosphorylated by exposure to light in the presence but not the absence (i.e., ninaE flies) of rhodopsin. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Encodes a Drosophila homologue of mammalian arrestin, a protein that interacts stoichiometrically with activated rhodopsin, inhibiting its ability to interact with the G protein, transducin, thus terminating the visual response. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Arr1 and Arr2 follow different time courses of phosphorylation in vivo: when 43% of Arr2 is phosphorylated Arr1 remains unchanged (from nonilluminated flies). (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991) Arr1 and Arr2 have different functional roles in the photoreceptor. (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991) Arr1 is isolated and is demonstrated to be distinct from ninaD by sequence analysis of ninaD mutations. (Smith et al., 1990) Identification: Identified as a cDNA clone that is expressed exclusively or predominantly in the adult visual system. (Palazzolo et al., 1989, Hyde et al., 1990)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057333 NM_001259144 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476681 NP_001246073 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28380 AAF53644 AC005444 AC011662 AFH03747 BI571579 M30140 M30177 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35078 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P15372
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Arrestin, C-terminal (IPR014752) Arrestin, N-terminal (IPR014753) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756) Arrestin (IPR000698) Arrestin-like, N-terminal (IPR011021) Arrestin C-terminal-like domain (IPR011022) Arrestin, conserved site (IPR017864)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61074 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000120 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000120 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000120 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000120 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5711-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000120 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35078 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35078 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000120
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 24 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	3H10 (Hyde et al., 1990) Arr (Hardie and Raghu, 2001, Comeron, 1995, Hyde et al., 1990, Smith et al., 1990, Caldwell et al., 2007) arr1 (Fortini and Bonini, 2000, Montell, 1999, Scott and Zuker, 1997, Kiselev and Subramaniam, 1997, Zuker, 1996, Zuker, 1992, Ranganathan et al., 1991, Yang et al., 2005, Merrill et al., 2005, Nelson et al., 2005, Meyer et al., 2006, Zelhof et al., 2003, Han et al., 2007, Cronin et al., 2006) Arr1 (Meyer et al., 2006, Herranz et al., 2010, Landry et al., 2007, Rosenbaum et al., 2006, Acharya et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2008, Taraszka et al., 2005, Rosenbaum et al., 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) ARR1 (Mecklenburg et al., 2010, Dasgupta et al., 2009) ArrA (Maroni, 1994, ) CG5711 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) DA (Tsuda et al., 1991, ) DAI (Raming et al., 1993) DmArr1 (Merrill et al., 2002) Dmarrestin (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991, ) Dro.-Arr.I (Raming et al., 1993) DS-Ag   FBgn0000120 (Raychaudhuri et al., 2003) PRII (Matsumoto et al., 1994) unnamed (Palazzolo et al., 1989)
Name Synonym	arrestin (Delmas et al., 2004, Foster and Helfrich-Foerster, 2001, Harris and Lim, 2001, Hardie and Raghu, 2001, Kyriakakis et al., 2008) Arrestin (Fernandes et al., 2008) arrestin1 (Xu et al., 2004, Merrill et al., 2005, Rosenbaum et al., 2011) Arrestin 1 (Caldwell et al., 2007, Meyer et al., 2006, Harbison et al., 2005) Arrestin1 (Inagaki et al., 2012) Arrestin A   Drosophila Arrestin (Tsuda et al., 1991) Phosrestin-II (Matsumoto et al., 1994)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 82 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 82 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 44 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 13 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 6 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Inagaki et al., 2012, Cell 148(3): 583--595 Visualizing Neuromodulation In Vivo: TANGO-Mapping of Dopamine Signaling Reveals Appetite Control of Sugar Sensing. [FBrf0217362] Rosenbaum et al., 2011, Neuron 72(4): 602--615 XPORT-Dependent Transport of TRP and Rhodopsin. [FBrf0216705] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...