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Gene Dmel\Arr2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Arr2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Arrestin 2	Annotation symbol	CG5962
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000121
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Also Known As	PRI, ArrB-ml, ArrB
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	66D9-66D9	Sequence location	3L:8,640,361..8,642,036 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Arrestin 2 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Arr2 (CG5962, FBgn0000121). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: photoreceptor cell maintenance; deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling; adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling; metarhodopsin inactivation; sensory perception of sound. 29 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: photoreceptor cell; rhabdomere; eye photoreceptor cell; eye; retina; ommatidium. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Arrestin; Arrestin C-terminal-like domain; Arrestin, C-terminal; Arrestin, N-terminal; Arrestin, conserved site; Arrestin-like, N-terminal; Immunoglobulin E-set. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult brain. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1632111_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Arr2. Gene sequence location is 3L:8640361..8642036.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Arr2 Encodes a second Drosophila homologue of mammalian arrestin, a 49-kd (or 46-kd) protein that is phosphorylated by exposure to light in wild type but not in ninaE flies which lack rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells 1-6, nor norpA flies which are deficient in phospholipase C activity. Phosphorylation dependent on the presence of Ca++, whose intracellular levels are regulated by phospholipase C. Expression first detected in late pupae, when other genes involved in phototransduction are also first expressed. Arr2 expression is approximately seven times that of Arr1. In the adult, transcript localized to photoreceptor cells of the compound eye and the ocelli.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms Johnston organ Unknown in situ
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 66D9-66D9   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}foij8E8 and P{PZ}SrpRβrK561&P{lacW}l(3)j5B6j5B6
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 66D10-66D11   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (le Vine et al., 1990)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Arr2 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Arr2-RA FBtr0076599  NM_079252   1547   401
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Arr2-PA   FBpp0076326   45.0   401   8.87     NP_523976   AAF50380
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	39 (kD) (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Arrestin, C-terminal (IPR014752) Arrestin, N-terminal (IPR014753) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756) Arrestin (IPR000698) Arrestin-like, N-terminal (IPR011021) Arrestin C-terminal-like domain (IPR011022) Arrestin, conserved site (IPR017864)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA567453   AA567475   AA567633   AA567635   AA567712   AA567755   AA567807   AA567843   AA567878   AA567925   AA567977   AA568079   AA697327   AA697355   AA697457   AA697489   AA697490   AA697493   AA697501   AA697544   AA697613   AA697666   AA697721   AA697785   AA697789   AA697801   AA697854   AA697878   AA697900   AA698017   AA698054   AA698079   AA698196   AA698270   AA698372   AA698444   AA698451   AA698478   AA698500   AA698538   AA698576   AA698621   AA698683   AA698721   AA698744   AA698779   AA698781   AA698883   AA698942   AA699040   AA699061   AA699093   AA699115   AA699220   AA699235   AA736218   AA736219   AA736228   AA801504   AA801553   AA801585   AE014296 AAF50380   AI061885   AI062085   AI062117   AI062127   AI062167   AI062192   AI062193   AI062244   AI062336   AI062365   AI062453   AI062467   AI062468   AI062532   AI062554   AI062669   AI062763   AI062837   AI062916   AI062950   AI063001   AI063146   AI063152   AI063211   AI063223   AI063228   AI063248   AI063366   AI063409   AI063410   AI063412   AI063432   AI063452   AI063469   AI063536   AI063573   AI063578   AI063584   AI063653   AI063657   AI063704   AI063721   AI063809   AI063848   AI063942   AI063958   AI064059   AI064079   AI064124   AI064140   AI064148   AI064206   AI064304   AI064345   AI064423   AI064480   AI064508   AI064578   AI064588   AI064601   AI064670   AI106587   AI106762   AI106886   AI106928   AI106943   AI107051   AI107078   AI107082   AI107103   AI107111   AI107249   AI107282   AI107288   AI107290   AI107479   AI107529   AI107661   AI107712   AI107732   AI107740   AI107895   AI107981   AI107994   AI108105   AI108123   AI108178   AI108196   AI108251   AI108320   AI108344   AI108387   AI108410   AI108509   AI108664   AI108687   AI108710   AI108712   AI108841   AI108854   AI108900   AI108911   AI108942   AI108986   AI109025   AI109257   AI109265   AI109361   AI109386   AI109395   AI109604   AI109712   AI109717   AI109871   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BI622587   BI622600   BI622605   BI622664   BI622689   BI622813   BI623107   BI623123   BI623255   BI623342   BI623389   BI623437   BI623563   BI623673   BI623708   BI623746   BI623786   BI623858   BI624512   BI624557   BI624791   BI624866   BI625223   BI625233   BI625243   BI625329   BI625465   BI625573   BI625694   BI625796   BI626417   BI626420   BI626441   BI626584   BI626621   BI626656   BI626765   BI626899   BI627025   BI627035   BI627049   BI627180   BI627236   BI627428   BI627436   BI627445   BI628325   BI628482   BI628484   BI628618   BI628898   BI629471   BI629547   BI629923   BI630002   BI630722   BI631019   BI631394   BI631524   BI631847   BI631963   BI634129   BI634669   BT021234 AAX33382   BT024256   BT031017   BX047649   CK131189   CK135564   CO265130   CO271296   CO274112   CO284844   CO287350   CO304099   CO312489   CO314521   EC056769   EC062349   EC064301   EC070701   EC071568   EC076799   EC084542   EC087697   EC201274   EC210170   EC212636   EC214053   EC216653   EC228982   EC236758   EC243926   EC247170   EL870170   EL870357   EL870636   EL870637   EL873623   EL873822   EL874041   EL876641   EL878212   EL878454   EL881058   EL881399   EL882482   EL883543   EL883658   EL883751   EL883752   EL883866   EL884329   EL884452   ES691155   ES691863   ES693312   ES693334   ES693526   ES693542   ES693750   ES693845   ES693867   ES693973   ES694088   ES694394   ES694925   ES695125   EV585832   L33398   M32141 AAA28833
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P19107
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q5BIJ0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
expression microarray Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   eye   (Xu et al., 2004) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   Johnston organ   (Senthilan et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Eye-enriched transcripts determined by ratio of expression level in wild-type heads. versus expression level in so heads. (Xu et al., 2004)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   rhabdomere   (Dolph et al., 1993) photoreceptor cell   (Lee and Montell, 2004) photoreceptor cell   • rhabdomere (Lee and Montell, 2004) rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell   • cytoplasm (Satoh et al., 2010) rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) photoreceptor cell R1   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) photoreceptor cell R2   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) photoreceptor cell R3   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) photoreceptor cell R4   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) photoreceptor cell R5   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) photoreceptor cell R6   • rhabdomere (Satoh et al., 2010) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   organism   (Kristaponyte et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Arr2 protein is detected in all rhabdomeres of the adult visual system. (Dolph et al., 1993) Arr2 protein localization is light dependent. In dark conditions, Arr2 is localized throughout the photoreceptor cell, but in response to light, the protein becomes concentrated in the rhabdomeres. (Lee and Montell, 2004) In flies reared in the dark, ~20-30% of Arr2 is immunolocalized to the rhabdomere, whilst the remaining ~70-80% localizes in the cell body cytoplasm. (Satoh et al., 2010)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Satoh and Ready, 2005) rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Dolph et al., 1993, Satoh and Ready, 2005, Satoh et al., 2010) colocalizes_with rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Elsaesser et al., 2010) subrhabdomeral cisterna inferred from direct assay (Satoh et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{arr2-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   rhabdomere   (Dolph et al., 1993)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult brain. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea    1378.9 Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head    6043 Adult Eye    11107.225 Adult Brain    1866 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea  (1378.9) Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head  (6043) Adult Eye  (11107.225) Adult Brain  (1866) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea  (1378.9) Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head  (6043) Adult Eye  (11107.225) Adult Brain  (1866) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea    1378.9 Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head    6043 Adult Eye    11107.225 Adult Brain    1866 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea    1378.9 Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head    6043 Adult Eye    11107.225 Adult Brain    1866 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea  (1378.9) Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head  (6043) Adult Eye  (11107.225) Adult Brain  (1866) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea  1378.9 Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head  (6043) Adult Eye  (11107.225) Adult Brain  (1866) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.45 Larval Midgut    17.6 Larval Hindgut    3.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.3 Larval Salivary Gland    4.1 Larval Trachea    1378.9 Larval Carcass    1.975 Adult Head    6043 Adult Eye    11107.225 Adult Brain    1866 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1 Adult Crop    14.2 Adult Midgut    2.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9 Adult Fat Body    4.6 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    74.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5 Adult Ovary    1.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.1 Adult Carcass    4.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    6043   NA  Eye    11107.225   NA  Brain    1866   4.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8.1   NA  Crop    no informative data   no informative data  Midgut    2.6   3.3  Hindgut    8.3   4.8  Malpighian Tubules    9   8.3  Fat Body    4.6   4.1  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    74.7   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.5   NA  Ovary    1.9   NA  Testis    1.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   1.975  Carcass    4.5 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    1592 head, virgin 4-day female    2241 head, virgin 20-day female    2640 head, mated 1-day female    1484 head, mated 4-day female    2050 head, mated 20-day female    2060 head, mated 1-day male    2909 head, mated 4-day male    3075 head, mated 20-day male    3927 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female  (1592) head, virgin 4-day female  (2241) head, virgin 20-day female  (2640) head, mated 1-day female  (1484) head, mated 4-day female  (2050) head, mated 20-day female  (2060) head, mated 1-day male  (2909) head, mated 4-day male  (3075) head, mated 20-day male  (3927) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female  (1592) head, virgin 4-day female  (2241) head, virgin 20-day female  (2640) head, mated 1-day female  (1484) head, mated 4-day female  (2050) head, mated 20-day female  (2060) head, mated 1-day male  (2909) head, mated 4-day male  (3075) head, mated 20-day male  (3927) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    1592 head, virgin 4-day female    2241 head, virgin 20-day female    2640 head, mated 1-day female    1484 head, mated 4-day female    2050 head, mated 20-day female    2060 head, mated 1-day male    2909 head, mated 4-day male    3075 head, mated 20-day male    3927 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    1592 head, virgin 4-day female    2241 head, virgin 20-day female    2640 head, mated 1-day female    1484 head, mated 4-day female    2050 head, mated 20-day female    2060 head, mated 1-day male    2909 head, mated 4-day male    3075 head, mated 20-day male    3927 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female  (1592) head, virgin 4-day female  (2241) head, virgin 20-day female  (2640) head, mated 1-day female  (1484) head, mated 4-day female  (2050) head, mated 20-day female  (2060) head, mated 1-day male  (2909) head, mated 4-day male  (3075) head, mated 20-day male  (3927) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female  (1592) head, virgin 4-day female  (2241) head, virgin 20-day female  (2640) head, mated 1-day female  (1484) head, mated 4-day female  (2050) head, mated 20-day female  (2060) head, mated 1-day male  (2909) head, mated 4-day male  (3075) head, mated 20-day male  (3927) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    1592 head, virgin 4-day female    2241 head, virgin 20-day female    2640 head, mated 1-day female    1484 head, mated 4-day female    2050 head, mated 20-day female    2060 head, mated 1-day male    2909 head, mated 4-day male    3075 head, mated 20-day male    3927 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    19 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    96 pupae 4d postWPP    344 adult male 01day    819 adult male 05day    1080 adult male 30day    1711 adult female 01day    414 adult female 05day    242 adult female 30day    277 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP  (96) pupae 4d postWPP  (344) adult male 01day  (819) adult male 05day  (1080) adult male 30day  (1711) adult female 01day  (414) adult female 05day  (242) adult female 30day  (277) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    96 pupae 4d postWPP  (344) adult male 01day  (819) adult male 05day  (1080) adult male 30day  (1711) adult female 01day  (414) adult female 05day  (242) adult female 30day  (277) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    96 pupae 4d postWPP    344 adult male 01day    819 adult male 05day    1080 adult male 30day    1711 adult female 01day    414 adult female 05day    242 adult female 30day    277 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    96 pupae 4d postWPP    344 adult male 01day    819 adult male 05day    1080 adult male 30day    1711 adult female 01day    414 adult female 05day    242 adult female 30day    277 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP  (96) pupae 4d postWPP  (344) adult male 01day  (819) adult male 05day  (1080) adult male 30day  (1711) adult female 01day  (414) adult female 05day  (242) adult female 30day  (277) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    96 pupae 4d postWPP  (344) adult male 01day  (819) adult male 05day  (1080) adult male 30day  (1711) adult female 01day  (414) adult female 05day  (242) adult female 30day  (277) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    96 pupae 4d postWPP    344 adult male 01day    819 adult male 05day    1080 adult male 30day    1711 adult female 01day    414 adult female 05day    242 adult female 30day    277 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    119 cold shock, 4-day adult    100 heat shock, 4-day adult    114 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    74 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    198 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    107 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    190 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    280 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    300 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    356 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (119) cold shock, 4-day adult  (100) heat shock, 4-day adult  (114) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (74) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (198) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (107) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (190) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (280) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (83) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (300) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (356) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (119) cold shock, 4-day adult    100 heat shock, 4-day adult  (114) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    74 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (198) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  107 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (190) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (280) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (300) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (356) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    119 cold shock, 4-day adult    100 heat shock, 4-day adult    114 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    74 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    198 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    107 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    190 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    280 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    300 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    356 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    119 cold shock, 4-day adult    100 heat shock, 4-day adult    114 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    74 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    198 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    107 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    190 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    280 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    300 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    356 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (119) cold shock, 4-day adult  (100) heat shock, 4-day adult  (114) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (74) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (198) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (107) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (190) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (280) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (83) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (300) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (356) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  119 cold shock, 4-day adult    100 heat shock, 4-day adult  114 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    74 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (198) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  107 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (190) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (280) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (300) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (356) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    119 cold shock, 4-day adult    100 heat shock, 4-day adult    114 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    74 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    198 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    107 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    190 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    280 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    83 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    300 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    356 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_00
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RH28686 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000121 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5962-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Arr2GD9891 Other Phenotypes Allele auditory perception defective | adult stage Arr25 neurophysiology defective Arr23 Arr25 Arr2arr2 neurophysiology defective, with Arr23KQ Arr25 neurophysiology defective, with Arr25 Arr23KQ Arr2S366A neurophysiology defective, with Arr2S366A Arr25 neurophysiology defective | adult stage Arr25 wild-type Arr2+tDa Phenotype manifest in Allele eye Arr23 Arr25 eye photoreceptor cell Arr23 Arr25 eye photoreceptor cell | conditional Arr25 ommatidium Arr25 Arr2arr2 ommatidium, with Arr25 Arr2S366A ommatidium, with Arr2S366A Arr25 photoreceptor cell Arr23 Arr25 retina Arr210 Arr211 Arr23 Arr24 Arr25 Arr26 Arr27 Arr28 Arr29 Arr2S366A retina | conditional Arr25 Arr2K391A Arr2R393A rhabdomere Arr23 Arr25 rhabdomere | conditional Arr25
Classical Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Arr2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Arr21 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Arr23 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Arr210 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr211 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr25 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr29 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Arr2unspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Arr2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Arr2GD9891 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 3 Yes Arr2JF01213 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Arr2JF01214 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Arr2JF02290 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Arr2JF02392 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Arr2+t5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Arr2+tDa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Arr23KQ in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Arr23KR in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Arr2arr2 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Arr2K391A in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Arr2ninaE.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Arr2ninaE.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Arr2R393A in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Arr2S366A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Arr2S366D.ninaE.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Arr2Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD9891} NA P{TRiP.JF01213} NA P{TRiP.JF01214} NA P{TRiP.JF02290} NA P{TRiP.JF02392} NA P{UAS-Arr2.GFP} NA reporter construct P{arr2-lacZ} No characterization construct P{Arr2.K391A} NA P{Arr2.R393A} NA P{arr2} NA P{Arr23KQ} NA P{Arr23KR} NA P{Arr2+} NA P{Arr2+t5} NA P{Arr2S366A} NA P{ninaE-Arr2.GFP} NA P{Rh1-Arr-EGFP.S366D} NA P{Rh1-Arr-EGFP} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 11 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with ninaE (Iakhine et al., 2004)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling inferred from mutant phenotype (Lee et al., 2003) deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling inferred from genetic interaction with Arr1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Dolph et al., 1993) inferred from mutant phenotype (Alloway and Dolph, 1999) metarhodopsin inactivation inferred from genetic interaction with Arr1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Ranganathan and Stevens, 1995) inferred from mutant phenotype (Dolph et al., 1993) photoreceptor cell maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Orem et al., 2006) sensory perception of sound inferred from mutant phenotype (Senthilan et al., 2012)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Satoh and Ready, 2005) rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Dolph et al., 1993, Satoh and Ready, 2005, Satoh et al., 2010) colocalizes_with rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Elsaesser et al., 2010) subrhabdomeral cisterna inferred from direct assay (Satoh et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
opsin binding traceable author statement (Alloway and Dolph, 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling traceable author statement (Montell, 1999, Hardie, 2001) metarhodopsin inactivation non-traceable author statement (Zuker, 1996) phototransduction non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Arr2 - AP-2α anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - CG15784 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - CG6724 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - CG8545 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - CkIIα anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - Hsp23 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - cher anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Arr2 - hyd anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Arr2 allele Gene References Arr21 rdgC (Kiselev et al., 2000) Arr23 Arr1 (Dolph et al., 1993) CDase (Acharya et al., 2003) lace (Acharya et al., 2003) rdgC (Kiselev et al., 2000) Arr23KQ norpA (Lee et al., 2003) Arr25 norpA (Alloway et al., 2000, Lee et al., 2003) rdgB (Alloway et al., 2000) unspecified Arr1 (Satoh and Ready, 2005) Camta (Han et al., 2006) ninaE (Iakhine et al., 2004) trp (Wang et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64400 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000121 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000121 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38993
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (59) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6SJ60R Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG69ZXXT Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG68W9XG Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG62BVR2 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6WMHNM
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6SJ60R)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Arr2     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD12969 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM24922 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG15065 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE21289 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10152 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19261 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL10292 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK17474 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ12307 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI12414 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16146 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH23290
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG69ZXXT)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL003116   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\ARR2   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ012143   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ014777
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG68W9XG)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Arr2   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG006179   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH12007   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23705   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21901   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL23181   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH13554   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB16783   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI007199   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA010897   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM182860   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\Arr2
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG62BVR2)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_308798   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW006452
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6WMHNM)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\arr-1 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023889gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_006155gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_017460gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arr3l Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arrb1 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\saga Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arrb2b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arrb2a Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arr3 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arrb1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arrb2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\sag Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ARR3 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SAG Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Sag Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Arrb2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Arrb1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Arrb2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000043177 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Arrb1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Sag Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Arr3 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000033999 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SAG Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000141480 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ARRB1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000120500 Y
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\SAG     Hsap\ENSG00000141480     Hsap\ARRB1     Hsap\ENSG00000120500
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD12969 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM24922 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG15065 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE21289 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10152 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19261 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL10292 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK17474 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ12307 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI12414 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16146
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	42254 w*; Arr21 42255 w*; Arr23 31272 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01213}attP2 31273 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01214}attP2 36772 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02290}attP2 36777 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02392}attP2
VDRC	v20989 w1118; P{GD9891}v20989 v20991 w1118; P{GD9891}v20991 v40999 w1118; P{GD9891}v40999
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR06F06 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 1013 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	IP15846 RH28686
Other clones	DPiM_RH02588 RH02588
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH01317 GH01783 GH02653 GH03664 GH03911 GH04078 GH04084 GH04315 GH04412 GH04468 GH04674 GH05641 GH06847 GH07040 GH07063 GH07936 GH09794 GH10174 GH10228 GH10510 GH10645 GH11013 GH11326 GH12238 GH12296 GH12487 GH12706 GH13105 GH13155 GH13303 GH13370 GH13650 GH14126 GH14237 GH14240 GH14315 GH14487 GH14675 GH14725 GH14905 GH14988 GH15027 GH15041 GH15142 GH15437 GH15452 GH15535 GH15708 GH15864 GH16234 GH16269 GH16301 GH16708 GH17431 GH17824 GH18041 GH18062 GH18186 GH18288 GH19358 GH19421 GH19471 GH19723 GH19760 GH19802 GH20003 GH20019 GH20355 GH20692 GH20856 GH20916 GH21110 GH21113 GH21121 GH21416 GH21774 GH22008 GH22158 GH22623 GH22652 GH22996 GH23041 GH23062 GH23245 GH23395 GH23623 GH23741 GH23801 GH23901 GH23932 GH23981 GH24493 GH24731 GH24893 GH25103 GH25266 GH25429 GH25435 GH25748 GH25866 GH26374 GH26716 GH26718 GH26748 GH27056 GH27166 GH27167 GH27292 GH27709 GH28090 HL02254 RH11088 RH13961 RH42058 RH42218 RH48050 RH48379 RH54761 RH74025
Other clones	12101 31565 36714 52456 73848 73861 74470 81074 101777 101905 107750 117400 CK01.8A.F3 CK01.103D.G11 CK01.114D.F11 CK01.168A.A4 Dmel_dig_008732_0593_2420 EK065625 EK102926 EK113215 EK141611 EK166962 EK228934 EK236754 EK243730 GH01150 GH01194 GH01212 GH01274 GH01318 GH01386 GH01507 GH01544 GH01663 GH01680 GH01682 GH01758 GH01956 GH02083 GH02183 GH02290 GH02338 GH02404 GH02665 GH02753 GH02780 GH02785 GH02820 GH02892 GH03021 GH03120 GH03205 GH03206 GH03209 GH03240 GH03276 GH03301 GH03407 GH03461 GH03467 GH03478 GH03589 GH03595 GH03686 GH03793 GH03866 GH03871 GH03948 GH04064 GH04341 GH04390 GH04420 GH04493 GH04726 GH04845 GH04920 GH04957 GH05040 GH05050 GH05065 GH05179 GH05255 GH05273 GH05463 GH05539 GH05561 GH05571 GH05776 GH05896 GH05915 GH06136 GH06189 GH06213 GH06340 GH06370 GH06374 GH06404 GH06414 GH06586 GH06625 GH06638 GH06868 GH06947 GH06968 GH07135 GH07159 GH07213 GH07236 GH07358 GH07426 GH07471 GH07522 GH07701 GH07876 GH07908 GH07938 GH08137 GH08153 GH08216 GH08228 GH08390 GH08402 GH08524 GH08557 GH08574 GH08841 GH08970 GH08976 GH09254 GH09614 GH09695 GH09815 GH09839 GH09886 GH09949 GH10294 GH10338 GH10377 GH10511 GH10522 GH10578 GH10605 GH10705 GH10768 GH10891 GH10930 GH10996 GH11082 GH11237 GH11338 GH11361 GH11444 GH11465 GH11504 GH11576 GH11667 GH11669 GH11746 GH11757 GH11759 GH11789 GH11803 GH11883 GH12151 GH12185 GH12333 GH12390 GH12422 GH12479 GH12481 GH12521 GH12557 GH12563 GH12576 GH12605 GH12833 GH12895 GH12938 GH12975 GH12995 GH13008 GH13014 GH13053 GH13062 GH13250 GH13334 GH13355 GH13402 GH13448 GH13476 GH13504 GH13613 GH13675 GH13684 GH13718 GH13764 GH13865 GH13910 GH13938 GH13956 GH14008 GH14109 GH14211 GH14266 GH14328 GH14375 GH14387 GH14630 GH14640 GH14685 GH14874 GH14891 GH14894 GH14913 GH15167 GH15242 GH15269 GH15309 GH15315 GH15607 GH15717 GH15735 GH15763 GH15823 GH16024 GH16306 GH16335 GH16339 GH16470 GH16712 GH16794 GH16919 GH16962 GH17051 GH17063 GH17106 GH17227 GH17262 GH17578 GH17625 GH17768 GH17787 GH17792 GH17810 GH17823 GH17831 GH17874 GH17915 GH17938 GH18023 GH18048 GH18143 GH18169 GH18173 GH18187 GH18204 GH18209 GH18351 GH18522 GH18789 GH18859 GH18901 GH18962 GH19083 GH19114 GH19539 GH19559 GH19691 GH19725 GH19730 GH19820 GH19895 GH19939 GH19965 GH20050 GH20065 GH20170 GH20237 GH20343 GH20437 GH20469 GH20542 GH20559 GH20560 GH20638 GH20648 GH20738 GH20755 GH20760 GH20783 GH20795 GH21136 GH21243 GH21587 GH21744 GH21768 GH21842 GH22091 GH22105 GH22128 GH22294 GH22315 GH22330 GH22455 GH22476 GH22566 GH22766 GH22886 GH22909 GH23071 GH23206 GH23249 GH23355 GH23358 GH23432 GH23456 GH23502 GH23504 GH23549 GH23723 GH23859 GH23907 GH23920 GH24025 GH24159 GH24317 GH24578 GH24589 GH24722 GH24865 GH24942 GH25233 GH25255 GH25472 GH25487 GH25561 GH25715 GH25734 GH25795 GH25838 GH25877 GH25921 GH25952 GH26147 GH26205 GH26346 GH26372 GH26414 GH26538 GH26621 GH26637 GH26727 GH26815 GH26915 GH26987 GH26989 GH27107 GH27327 GH27331 GH27465 GH27561 GH27671 GH27894 GH28336 GH28411 GH28470 GH28506 GH28568 GH28819 HL01258 HL01286 HL01320 HL01557 HL01559 HL01669 HL01723 HL01808 HL01878 HL01929 HL02008 HL02071 HL02306 HL02346 HL02519 HL02616 HL02618 HL02627 HL02654 HL02670 HL02743 HL02869 HL02954 HL03042 HL03151 HL03156 HL03180 HL03340 HL03394 HL03432 HL03634 HL03689 HL03742 HL03925 HL04081 HL04356 HL04574 HL04708 HL04759 HL04815 HL04878 HL04956 HL05346 HL05469 HL05558 HL05620 HL05675 HL05677 HL05859 HL05996 HL06642 HL07347 HL07387 HL07463 HL07717 HL07978 HL08016 HL08181 HL08182 HL08194 IP02269 IP02453 IP02705 IP02708 IP06569 IP08107 IP08307 IP10874 IP11174 IP12239 IP13203 IP13308 IP13408 IP13508 IP13709 IP13909 IP14108 IP15646 IP15746 RH01189 RH01215 RH01272 RH01284 RH01294 RH01418 RH01437 RH01645 RH01812 RH01983 RH02167 RH02185 RH02284 RH02323 RH02417 RH02419 RH02463 RH02479 RH02574 RH02718 RH03173 RH03436 RH03480 RH03525 RH03645 RH03660 RH03844 RH04012 RH04140 RH04389 RH04443 RH04472 RH04530 RH04543 RH04602 RH04625 RH04638 RH05068 RH05116 RH05160 RH05191 RH05244 RH05311 RH05356 RH05510 RH05533 RH05534 RH05566 RH05639 RH05654 RH05823 RH05863 RH05947 RH05974 RH05979 RH06005 RH06019 RH06025 RH06110 RH06116 RH06193 RH06273 RH06324 RH06356 RH06386 RH06407 RH06491 RH06496 RH06509 RH06644 RH06652 RH06793 RH06872 RH06925 RH06944 RH06946 RH06953 RH07079 RH07118 RH07182 RH07442 RH07449 RH07476 RH07732 RH07791 RH07795 RH07834 RH07883 RH07885 RH08277 RH08354 RH08368 RH08409 RH08535 RH08545 RH08587 RH08689 RH08830 RH09006 RH09129 RH09156 RH09170 RH09583 RH09886 RH10211 RH10250 RH10306 RH10386 RH10442 RH10542 RH10813 RH11178 RH11181 RH11241 RH11326 RH11384 RH11639 RH11685 RH11851 RH12223 RH12709 RH12980 RH13001 RH13056 RH13080 RH13103 RH13433 RH13870 RH14079 RH14415 RH14428 RH14458 RH14477 RH14631 RH14818 RH14848 RH14901 RH15231 RH15266 RH15473 RH15614 RH15834 RH16077 RH16714 RH16726 RH16852 RH16933 RH16991 RH17041 RH17285 RH17366 RH17444 RH17449 RH17689 RH17947 RH17994 RH18044 RH18148 RH18355 RH18369 RH18478 RH18542 RH18604 RH18625 RH18635 RH18781 RH19666 RH19674 RH19686 RH19734 RH19752 RH20129 RH20265 RH20309 RH20416 RH20825 RH21203 RH21219 RH21360 RH21686 RH22195 RH22552 RH22605 RH22630 RH23448 RH23678 RH23758 RH23908 RH24060 RH24065 RH24176 RH24266 RH24304 RH24391 RH24442 RH24557 RH24564 RH24579 RH24829 RH24866 RH25127 RH25186 RH25237 RH25284 RH25530 RH25696 RH25919 RH26035 RH26087 RH26191 RH26469 RH26714 RH26723 RH26896 RH27259 RH27270 RH27771 RH28206 RH28721 RH28987 RH29050 RH29087 RH29448 RH30112 RH30435 RH30610 RH30884 RH30984 RH30991 RH31387 RH31424 RH31744 RH31754 RH32101 RH32626 RH32754 RH32835 RH33041 RH33082 RH33304 RH33324 RH33455 RH34172 RH34915 RH35236 RH35264 RH35385 RH35741 RH35792 RH35926 RH35931 RH36101 RH36478 RH36969 RH36974 RH37177 RH37353 RH37721 RH37730 RH38359 RH38512 RH38532 RH38870 RH39323 RH39420 RH39749 RH40253 RH40516 RH40646 RH40782 RH40858 RH41307 RH41601 RH41928 RH42211 RH42357 RH42368 RH42376 RH42933 RH42934 RH43048 RH43124 RH43355 RH43390 RH43676 RH43692 RH44138 RH44533 RH44786 RH44844 RH44979 RH45171 RH45338 RH45468 RH45481 RH45704 RH45746 RH45750 RH45902 RH46223 RH46724 RH46776 RH46791 RH46851 RH47503 RH47534 RH47596 RH47801 RH48087 RH48158 RH48191 RH48226 RH48282 RH48320 RH48632 RH48892 RH48973 RH49295 RH49882 RH49935 RH50427 RH50534 RH50537 RH50589 RH50858 RH50954 RH51002 RH51257 RH51320 RH51340 RH51689 RH51864 RH51936 RH52067 RH52088 RH52169 RH52602 RH52674 RH52771 RH52891 RH53006 RH53860 RH53927 RH54014 RH54016 RH54031 RH54156 RH54202 RH54208 RH54320 RH54328 RH54483 RH54501 RH54506 RH54572 RH54601 RH54736 RH55191 RH55211 RH55371 RH55480 RH55625 RH55685 RH55864 RH55994 RH56036 RH56078 RH56129 RH56214 RH56691 RH56910 RH56912 RH57114 RH57663 RH58347 RH58434 RH58864 RH58953 RH60010 RH60421 RH60951 RH61112 RH61507 RH61654 RH62359 RH62406 RH62505 RH63236 RH63377 RH63649 RH64079 RH64138 RH64477 RH64575 RH65518 RH65530 RH65542 RH65671 RH65893 RH66029 RH66166 RH66286 RH67352 RH67359 RH67383 RH67571 RH67620 RH67658 RH67817 RH68013 RH68208 RH68223 RH68241 RH68416 RH68492 RH68741 RH68753 RH68766 RH70016 RH70119 RH70164 RH70201 RH70445 RH70496 RH70836 RH71447 RH71635 RH71908 RH71981 RH72355 RH73073 RH73102 RH73134 RH73556 RH73645 RH73979 RH74267 RH74439 RH74615 RH74624 RH74657 RH74723
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000121 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38993
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Satoh et al., 2010, Dolph et al., 1993, Kristaponyte et al., 2012)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Light-dependent translocation of Arr2 protein into the rhabdomere requires ninaC protein (the ninaC p132 isoform is the primary isoform needed). The interaction between the Arr2 and ninaC proteins is phosphoinositide (PI) dependent and ninaC protein binds PIs directly. (Lee and Montell, 2004) Light-dependent trafficking of Arr2 protein is regulated by direct interaction with phosphoinositides and is required for light adaptation in the photoreceptor cells. (Lee et al., 2003) Area matching Drosophila EST AI297861. This EST forms a contig with ESTs AA697916 and AI063366 which overlap 5' end of Drosophila 49KDa phosphoprotein gene, Acc. No. M32141. (Davies, 2001.3.15) Arr2 mediates photoreceptor apoptosis in rdgC306 mutants and long-lived internalised complexes of phosphorylated M-arrestin complexes are the triggering agents for apoptotic death of photoreceptor cells. (Kiselev et al., 2000) Phosphorylation of Arr2 protein is necessary for its release from rhodopsin. (Alloway and Dolph, 1999) Phosrestin 1 is phosphorylated by the CaMKII kinase. The earliest light induced phosphorylation in the photoreceptor is the phosphorylation of a single site of Arr2 by a kinase dependent on both Ca2+ and calmodulin. The kinase that is responsible for the phosphorylation of Arr2 is CaMKII. Results suggest CaMKII may play a role in regulating light adaptation in photoreceptors. (Kahn and Matsumoto, 1997) In disrupted photoreceptor cells metarhodopsin is not stabilised until arrestin is present. In intact photoreceptor cels significant metarhodopsin stabilisation occurs even in the absence of bound arrestin. (Kiselev and Subramaniam, 1997) Comparison of upstream DNA of Dmir\Arr2 and Arr2 genes identifies regions that could be involved in retina-specific transcription and dosage compensation. (Krishnan and Ganguly, 1995) A model for metarhodopsin inactivation has been formalised in which the stochiometric binding of arrestin determines the receptor inactivation rate. This model is supported by electrophysiological measurements of metarhodopsin inactivation in dissociated photoreceptors where cytosolic arrestin levels are genetically and physiologically manipulated. (Ranganathan and Stevens, 1995) Arr2 is localised to the photoreceptor cells where the Arr2 gene product undergoes light-dependent phosphorylation. (Komori et al., 1994) Arr2 undergoes light-induced phosphorylation on a subsecond time scale, which is faster than that of any other protein in vivo. Phosphorylation is dependent upon the activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase (PI-PLC), norpA. inaC is dispensible for phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is catalysed by a class of calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) in vitro and Arr2 has a unique phosphorylation site at S366. (Matsumoto et al., 1994) Arr1 and Arr2 proteins have a similar function in regulating photoreceptor cell deactivation. The deactivation of the visual response in Arr2 mutants is primarily determined by Arr1 protein. Although the termination of the phototransduction cascade in wild type photoreceptors is determined by the concerted action of several feedback regulatory steps, in the absence of arrestins the termination of the phototransduction process becomes rate-limited by the slow decay of metarhodopsin. (Dolph et al., 1993) Encodes a Drosophila homologue of mammalian arrestin, a protein that is phosphorylated by exposure to light in wild-type but not in ninaE flies which lack rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells 1-6, nor norpA flies which are deficient in phospholipase C activity. Phosphorylation dependent on the presence of Ca++, whose intracellular levels are regulated by phospholipase C. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Arr1 and Arr2 follow different time courses of phosphorylation in vivo: when 43% of Arr2 is phosphorylated Arr1 remains unchanged (from nonilluminated flies). (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991) Arr1 and Arr2 have different functional roles in the photoreceptor. (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991) Phosphorylation of retina-specific polypeptides 80 and 49 may be involved in some early stages of photoreceptor excitation or its modulation. (Matsumoto and Pak, 1984)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079252 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523976 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28833 AAF50380 AAX33382 AI297861 AX093919 BI587809 BT021234 L33398 M32141 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 38993 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P19107 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q5BIJ0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Arrestin, C-terminal (IPR014752) Arrestin, N-terminal (IPR014753) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756) Arrestin (IPR000698) Arrestin-like, N-terminal (IPR011021) Arrestin C-terminal-like domain (IPR011022) Arrestin, conserved site (IPR017864) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RH28686
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64400 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000121 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000121 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000121 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000121 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5962-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000121 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38993 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /hjmuller/arrestin2-1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38993 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000121
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 28 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	49 (Tsuda et al., 1991) AH   Arr (Hardie, 2003) arr (Hardie, 2003) arr2 (Lee and Montell, 2004, Lee and Montell, 2004, Lee et al., 2003, Hardie, 2001, Acharya et al., 2003, Ranganathan, 2003, Kiselev et al., 2000, Alloway et al., 2000, Montell, 1999, Alloway and Dolph, 1999, Alloway and Dolph, 1997, Scott and Zuker, 1997, Kiselev and Subramaniam, 1997, Zuker, 1996, Dolph et al., 1993, Zuker, 1992, Ranganathan et al., 1991, le Vine et al., 1990, Han et al., 2006, Liu et al., 2008, Merrill et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2005, Nelson et al., 2005, Yang et al., 2005, Mishra et al., 2007, Meyer et al., 2006, Dourlen et al., 2012, Han et al., 2007, Acharya et al., 2008, Cronin et al., 2004, Pumir et al., 2008, Frechter et al., 2007, Cronin et al., 2006, Kilman et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2009, Belusic et al., 2010, Georgiev et al., 2012) Arr2 (Kwon and Montell, 2006, Elsaesser et al., 2010, Satoh et al., 2010, Tian et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2008, Meyer et al., 2006, Zelhof et al., 2003, Landry et al., 2007, Lu et al., 2009, Rosenbaum et al., 2006, Ranade et al., 2008, Orem et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2009, Venkatachalam et al., 2010, Mishra et al., 2010, Taraszka et al., 2005, Rosenbaum et al., 2011, Mitra et al., 2011, Kristaponyte et al., 2012, Senthilan et al., 2012) ARR2 (Mecklenburg et al., 2010, Iakhine et al., 2004, Dasgupta et al., 2009, Hu et al., 2012) Arr-2 (Cronin et al., 2006) ArrB (Krishnan and Ganguly, 1992, Moriyama and Gojobori, 1992, ) ArrB-ml (Krishnan, 1995.5.1, Krishnan and Ganguly, 1995) CG5962 (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008) DAII (Raming et al., 1993) Dro.-Arr.II (Raming et al., 1993) PRI (Kahn and Matsumoto, 1997, Kahn and Matsumoto, 1995, Matsumoto et al., 1993, Matsumoto et al., 1994, Komori et al., 1994)
Name Synonym	49kD Arrestin homolog (Tsuda et al., 1991) arrestin (Delmas et al., 2004, Foster and Helfrich-Foerster, 2001, Harris and Lim, 2001, Satoh et al., 2010, Hardie, 2003, Wang et al., 2009, Kyriakakis et al., 2008) arrestin-2 (Zemelman et al., 2002) arrestin2 (Fortini and Bonini, 2000, Xu et al., 2004, Merrill et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2005, Orem et al., 2006, Kilman et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2009, Rosenbaum et al., 2011) Arrestin 2 (Tsuda et al., 2006, Meyer et al., 2006, Harbison et al., 2005, Klebes et al., 2002, Kristaponyte et al., 2012) Arrestin-2 (Cronin et al., 2004) arrestin 2 (Venkatachalam et al., 2010) Arrestin2 (Elsaesser et al., 2010) Arrestin B   arrestin-like protein (Yamada et al., 1990) phosrestin-1 (Matsumoto and Yamada, 1991, ) phosrestin I (Kahn et al., 1998, Kahn and Matsumoto, 1997, Kahn and Matsumoto, 1995) Phosrestin I (Matsumoto et al., 1994) Β-Arrestin (Wharton, 2003, Yamada et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 136 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 136 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 88 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 17 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 15 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 10 )
	Tian et al., 2013, Neuron 77(2): 311--322 Neurexin Regulates Visual Function via Mediating Retinoid Transport to Promote Rhodopsin Maturation. [FBrf0220614] Dourlen et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(7): e1002833 Drosophila Fatty Acid transport protein regulates rhodopsin-1 metabolism and is required for photoreceptor neuron survival. [FBrf0219056] Georgiev et al., 2012, J. Neurogenet. 26(3-4): 338--347 Identification of a suppressor of retinal degeneration in Drosophila photoreceptors. [FBrf0220084] Hardie et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(27): 9205--9216 Regulation of Arrestin Translocation by Ca2+ and Myosin III in Drosophila Photoreceptors. [FBrf0218808] Hu et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(17): 13911--13918 Protein gq modulates termination of phototransduction and prevents retinal degeneration. [FBrf0218114] Kristaponyte et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(31): 10758--10766 Role of rhodopsin and arrestin phosphorylation in retinal degeneration of Drosophila. [FBrf0219077] Senthilan et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1042--1054 Drosophila auditory organ genes and genetic hearing defects. [FBrf0219321] Weber et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(4): e34745 Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218073] Mitra et al., 2011, Molec. Vis. 17: 3224--3233 Characterization of two dominant alleles of the major rhodopsin-encoding gene ninaE in Drosophila. [FBrf0217096] Rosenbaum et al., 2011, Neuron 72(4): 602--615 XPORT-Dependent Transport of TRP and Rhodopsin. [FBrf0216705] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...