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Gene: Dmel\ase

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ase
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
asense
Annotation Symbol
CG3258
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000137
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
asense (ase) encodes a transcription factor in the achaete-scute complex. It acts together with other proneural genes in nervous system development, which involves N-mediated lateral inhibition. ase is expressed in the CNS type-I neuroblasts and the PNS sensory organ precursors (SOPs) but not in the proneural clusters that give rise to the SOP via lateral inhibition. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
T8, EG:165H7 .2, T1a, AS-C T8
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
1B3-1B3
Sequence location
X:460,747..463,176 [+]
Recombination map
1-0
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI Genome Data Viewer
UCSC Genome Browser
Ensembl Genome Browser
PopFly Genome Browser
GO Summary Ribbons
Families, Domains and Molecular Function
Gene Group Membership (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt, Sequence Similarities)
-
Protein Domains/Motifs
InterPro
Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain; Achaete-scute transcription factor-related; Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain superfamily
Molecular Function (see GO section for details)
Experimental Evidence
DNA binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity; contributes_to RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Predictions / Assertions
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription factor activity; RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription factor binding
Summaries
Gene Group Membership
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
UniProt Contributed Function Data
Involved in the determination of the neuronal precursors of optic lobes in the central nervous system.
(UniProt, P09775)
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
ase: asense
ase1 (formerly sc2) shown to be a molecular deletion including the ase transcription unit. ase embryos lack a subset of peripheral neurons (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1987, Genes Dev. 1: 297-306); third-instar larvae show disrupted optic-lobe development; in adults almost all abdominal chaetae are removed as are the extra chaetae induced by Tft. Abdomen tends to be swollen; wings poorly expanded; viability of homozygous and hemizygous females low (Garcia-Bellido, 1979, Genetics 91: 491-520). Gene expression first detectable in the neural primordium, presumably in the neuroblasts. In later embryos, RNA is detected in most cells of the CNS primordium as well as in the labrum, optic lobe rudiment, procephalic neurogenic region, and the posterior midgut rudiment. Expression lasts into germ-band retraction. Also expressed sparsely in third-instar larvae; scarce in imaginal disks except for one large cell cluster in each leg disk; strong in the CNS, especially in a cap of cells over each optic lobe, which are destined to generate ganglion mother cells of the lamina and medulla; expression also seen in inner anlagen of optic lobes, which give rise to cells of the medulla and lobula complex. Otherwise expression in brain and ventral ganglion occurs in isolated clusters of cells and single cells. Expression thought to identify actively proliferating cells (Gonzalez et al.).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ase or the JBrowse view of Dmel\ase for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Supported by strand-specific RNA-Seq data.
Gene model reviewed during 5.51
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ase-RA
FBtr0070075
NM_057346
2430
486
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
2.8 (northern blot)
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
1.6 (northern blot)
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ase-PA
FBpp0070074
53.2
486
7.21
NP_476694
AAF45502
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
396 (aa); 43.5 (kD)
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein.
(UniProt, P09775)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ase using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (21 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Southall and Brand, 2009)
protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:da; FB:FBgn0267821
(Jarman et al., 1993)
protein homodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ase; FB:FBgn0000137
(Jarman et al., 1993)
contributes_to RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Jarman et al., 1993)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:da; FB:FBgn0267821
(Jarman et al., 1993)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000358347
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000358347
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
transcription factor binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000358347
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
chaeta development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mari-Beffa et al., 1991)
chaeta morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wildonger and Mann, 2005)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sudarsan et al., 2002)
Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hoch et al., 1994)
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wallace et al., 2000)
nervous system development
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ac; FB:FBgn0000022
(Parras et al., 1996)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sc; FB:FBgn0004170
(Parras et al., 1996)
neuroblast fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jarman et al., 1993)
regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bahrampour et al., 2017)
regulation of neurogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bahrampour et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
central nervous system development
non-traceable author statement
(Skaer et al., 2002)
peripheral nervous system development
non-traceable author statement
(Skaer et al., 2002)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001420656
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000358347
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Brand et al., 1993)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000358347
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
procephalic neurogenic region
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
adult optic lobe
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
stage 3 neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
sensory mother cell
(Brand et al., 1993)
stage 1 neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
stage 2 neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic ganglion mother cell
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic optic lobe primordium
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic stage 8 -- 11
neuroblast
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
stomatogastric nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 10 -- 17
embryonic/larval midgut
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic/larval posterior midgut
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
embryonic stage 11
VUM precursor
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
neuroblast MNB
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
embryonic primordium of adult anterior midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
labial sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
maxillary sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
procephalic neuroblast
(Fisher et al., 2012)
stomatogastric nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
precursor cell of the stomatogastric nervous system
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
embryonic stage 13
neuroblast MNB
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
median neuroblast MNB interneuron
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
dorsal sensory complex proper primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal/lateral sensory complexes

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic antennal sense organ
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain surface glia
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head sensory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic labial sensory complex
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic maxillary sensory complex
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of embryonic central brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stomatogastric nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline neuron
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 17
neuroblast MNB
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
third instar larval stage
antennal disc
(Brand et al., 1993)
ganglion mother cell
(Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
embryonic/larval brain | restricted
(Brand et al., 1993)
wing disc
(Brand et al., 1993, Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Brand et al., 1993)
sensory mother cell
(Brand et al., 1993, Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
imaginal disc
(Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
ventral thoracic disc
(Brand et al., 1993)
eye disc
(Brand et al., 1993, Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
radioisotope in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
neuroblast
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
posterior midgut primordium
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
procephalic neurogenic region
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
labrum
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
embryonic optic lobe primordium
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
imaginal disc
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
Expression assayed at stages 9, 11, 13, and 17. Expression may be continuous between assayed stages in some tissues.
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
ase expression is first detected shortly after gastrulation commences in single cells that are in the process of segregating from the neurectoderm. ase transcripts are expressed only in the neuroblast and not in other cells of the proneural clusters. The ase-expressing cells give rise to the entire first wave of segregating neuroblasts and most likely all of the second and third wave neuroblasts as well. ase transcripts are also expressed in at least some ganglion mother cells. After germ band retraction, they are found in cells in the ventral nerve cord and brain that are thought to correspond to larval neuroblasts and optic lobe anlage. In the PNS, ase transcripts are expressed in all the sense organ precursors (SOPs) and their progeny. From stage 10 onwards, ase transcript expression is also observed in the midgut anlage. In the wing disc, ase transcripts are expressed in all SOPS that arise at least up until 3hrs apf. ase is only expressed in one cell within each proneural cluster that will become the SOP. It is also expressed in SOPs in leg and antennal discs. In larval brain, ase transcripts are detected in CNS neuroblasts and in some of their progeny and in horseshoe-shaped group of cells in the optic lobe anlage. They are also detected in the eye disc.
(Brand et al., 1993)
In third instar larvae, ase is expressed in all imaginal discs in single cells that correspond to sensory organ mother cells (SMCs). It is also expressed in each of their two daughter cells (second order precursors) but is not detected in the final descendents of the SMC. It is also expressed in the descendents of the imaginal neuroblasts, the ganglion mother cells. Sites of ase expression other than proneural clusters are two stripes of cells at both sides of the presumptive anterior wing margin in the wing disc, and a broad stripe of cells posterior to the morphogenetic furrow in the eye-antennal disc.
(Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
ase transcripts are detected in neuroblasts and their progeny. Expression peaks at stages 10-11 of embryogenesis. ase is then detected in the CNS, the labrum, the optic lobe anlage, the procephalic neurogenic region, and the posterior midgut anlage. It is also detected in PNS precursor cells. In third instar larvae, expression is detected in imaginal discs, CNS and optic lobe.
(Gonzalez et al., 1989)
ase transcripts are first detected in late stage 8 embyros and peak in stages 10 and 11. They are expressed in presumptive neural precursors once they have segregated from the ectoderm and are expressed with each wave of neuroblast segregation. Expression is also described in the primordia of the stomatogastric and optic lobes nervous systems, in the posterior midgut, in procephalic regions, and in a segmentally reiterating pattern probably in precursors to peripheral nervous system cells.
(Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
stage 2 neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
sensory mother cell
(Brand et al., 1993)
stage 1 neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
stage 3 neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic ganglion mother cell
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic optic lobe primordium
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic stage 10 -- 17
embryonic/larval midgut
(Brand et al., 1993)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Brand et al., 1993)
wing disc
(Brand et al., 1993)
embryonic/larval brain | restricted
(Brand et al., 1993)
antennal disc
(Brand et al., 1993)
ventral thoracic disc
(Brand et al., 1993)
sensory mother cell
(Brand et al., 1993)
neuroblast
(Brand et al., 1993)
inner proliferation zone | restricted
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
ase-protein expression can be found in dpn-positive neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells in the distal part of the inner proliferation zone in the larval optic anlage.
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
ase expression is first detected shortly after gastrulation commences in the nuclei of single cells that are in the process of segregating from the neurectoderm. ase protein is expressed only in the neuroblast and not in other cells of the proneural clusters. The ase-expressing cells give rise to the entire first wave of segregating neuroblasts and most likely all of the second and third wave neuroblasts as well. ase protein is also expressed in at least some ganglion mother cells. After germ band retraction, it is found in cells in the ventral nerve cord and brain that are thought to correspond to larval neuroblasts and optic lobe anlage. In the PNS, ase protein is expressed in all the sense organ precursors (SOPs) and their progeny. From stage 10 onwards, ase protein expression is also observed in the midgut anlage. In the wing disc, ase protein is expressed in all SOPS that arise at least up until 3hrs apf. ase is only expressed in one cell within each proneural cluster that will become the SOP. It is also expressed in SOPs in leg and antennal discs. In larval brain, ase protein is detected in CNS neuroblasts and in some of their progeny and in horseshoe-shaped group of cells in the optic lobe anlage.
(Brand et al., 1993)
Marker for
 
embryonic/larval neuroblast
(Xu et al., 2017)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Brand et al., 1993)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ase in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs and Phenotypes
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Allele of ase
Class
Mutagen
Associated Insertion
Stocks
Known lesion
aseunspecified
    0
    --
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 27 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ase
    Allele of ase
    Mutagen
    Associated Transgenic Construct
    Stocks
    aseUAS.cBa
    0
    aseGD12444
    2
    aseKK113085
    1
    aseUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA
    1
    aseHMS02847
    1
    aseJF02183
    1
    aseTOE.GS02382
    1
    asebd.hs
    0
    asebd.UAS
    0
    asebHLH.UAS
    0
    asedsRNA.UAS.cUa
    0
    aseEnR.UAS.Tag:MYC
    0
    aseG:3.5
    0
    aseG:4.8
    0
    asehs.PB
    0
    asehs.PD
    0
    asehs.PM
    0
    aseNIG.3258R
    0
    asep4.9ase
    0
    asePM.UAS
    0
    aseSOPE.UAS
    0
    aseUAS.cAa
    0
    aseUAS.cPa
    0
    aseUAS.cUa
    0
    aseUAS.Tag:Dam,Tag:MYC
    0
    aseUAS.Tag:MYC
    0
    aseVP16.UAS.Tag:MYC
    0
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ase
    characterization construct
    Name
    Expression Data
    P{ase-FLP.N}
    NA
    P{ase-GAL80.N}
    NA
    P{ase-GAL80.Z}
    NA
    GAL4 construct
    Name
    Expression Data
    P{ase-GAL4.S}
    No
    P{ase-GAL4.U}
    No
    P{ase-GAL4.Z}
    Yes
    P{ase-GAL4}
    Yes
    reporter construct
    Name
    Expression Data
    P{ase-lacZF:1.2}
    No
    P{ase-lacZF:2.0}
    Yes
    P{ase-lacZF:560}
    No
    P{ase-lacZF:560Δ1,4}
    No
    P{ase-lacZF:560Δ1}
    No
    P{ase-lacZF:560Δ3}
    No
    P{ase-lacZF:560Δ4}
    No
    P{ase-lacZH:1.4}
    No
    Deletions and Duplications ( 13 )
    Summary of Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Lethality
    Allele
    lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
    viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
    viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
    Other Phenotypes
    Allele
    decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
    increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Dl-05151-G
    increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
    increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage 17, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
    neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL471B
    some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    visible, with Scer\GAL4455.2
    visible, with Scer\GAL4C-765
    visible | heat sensitive
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    chaeta | ectopic & mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4C-765
    embryonic/larval optic lobe, with Scer\GAL471B
    embryonic ganglion mother cell | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
    embryonic neuroblast | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
    embryonic neuroblast | embryonic stage 17, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
    enteroendocrine cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Dl-05151-G
    external sensory organ
    macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
    macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4455.2
    macrochaeta | heat sensitive
    mechanosensory chaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
    microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
    microchaeta | heat sensitive
    sense organ, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
    sense organ | heat sensitive
    sensillum campaniformium | ectopic & wing, with Scer\GAL4C-765
    sensory mother cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    wing sensillum | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4C-765
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
    Homo sapiens (Human) (23)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    Isobase
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    RoundUp
    TreeFam
    ZFIN
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Hsap\ASCL1
    5 of 15
    Yes
    No
     
    Hsap\ASCL2
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\ASCL3
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\ASCL4
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\ASCL5
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\FIGLA
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\HAND1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\HAND2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
     
    Hsap\LYL1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\MESP1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\MESP2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\MSC
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\MSGN1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\NHLH1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\NHLH2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
     
    Hsap\PTF1A
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\SCX
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\TAL1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\TAL2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
     
    Hsap\TCF15
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\TCF21
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\TCF23
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Hsap\TCF24
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (23)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    Isobase
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    RoundUp
    TreeFam
    ZFIN
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Mmus\Ascl1
    5 of 15
    Yes
    No
    Mmus\Ascl2
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Ascl3
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Ascl4
    2 of 15
    No
    Yes
    Mmus\Ascl5
    2 of 15
    No
    Yes
    Mmus\Ferd3l
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Figla
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Hand1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Hand2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Lyl1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Mesp1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Mesp2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Msc
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Msgn1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Nhlh1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Nhlh2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Ptf1a
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Scx
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Tal1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Tal2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Tcf15
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Tcf21
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Mmus\Tcf23
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (21)
    Rnor\Ascl1
    4 of 13
    Yes
    No
    Rnor\Ascl2
    4 of 13
    Yes
    No
    Rnor\Ascl4
    2 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Ascl5
    2 of 13
    No
    Yes
    Rnor\Ferd3l
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Figla
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Hand1
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Lyl1
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Mesp1
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Mesp2
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Msc
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Msgn1
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Nhlh1
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Ptf1a
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Scx
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Tal1
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Tal2
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Tcf15
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Tcf21
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Tcf23
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Rnor\Tmem9b
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (17)
    Xtro\ascl2
    3 of 12
    Yes
    No
    Xtro\ascl1
    1 of 12
    No
    Yes
    Xtro\ascl3
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\figla
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\hand1
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\hand2
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\lyl1
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\mespa
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\mespb
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\msc
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\msgn1
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\nhlh1
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\ptf1a
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\scx
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\tal1
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\tcf15
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Xtro\tcf21
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (21)
    Drer\ascl1a
    5 of 15
    Yes
    No
    Drer\ascl1b
    5 of 15
    Yes
    No
    Drer\figla
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\hand2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\lyl1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\mespaa
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\mespab
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\mespba
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\msc
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\msgn1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\nhlh2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\ptf1a
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\scxa
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\scxb
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\si:ch211-246m6.4
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\tal1
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\tal2
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\tcf15
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\tcf21
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\tcf23
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Drer\tcf24
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
    Cele\hlh-3
    4 of 15
    Yes
    No
    Cele\hlh-4
    3 of 15
    No
    Yes
    Cele\hlh-14
    3 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\hlh-6
    2 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\hlh-10
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\hlh-15
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\hlh-19
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (14)
    Atha\AT1G10585
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT1G10586
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT1G12540
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT1G62975
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT1G71200
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT4G20970
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT4G25400
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT4G25410
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT5G51780
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\AT5G51790
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\bHLH38
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\bHLH39
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\BHLH100
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Atha\BHLH101
    1 of 9
    Yes
    Yes
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091909TX )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    AAA Syntenic Ortholog
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Drosophila melanogaster
    fruit fly
    Dmel\ase
    Drosophila suzukii
    Spotted wing Drosophila
    Dsuz\DS10_00005311
    Drosophila simulans
    Dsim\GD16504
    Drosophila sechellia
    Dsec\GM19064
    Drosophila erecta
    Dere\ase
    Drosophila yakuba
    Dyak\ase
    Drosophila ananassae
    Dana\GF21452
    Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
    Dpse\GA17007
    Drosophila persimilis
    Dper\GL20381
    Drosophila persimilis
    Dper\GL20382
    Drosophila willistoni
    Dwil\GK25272
    Drosophila virilis
    Dvir\GJ15598
    Drosophila mojavensis
    Dmoj\GI11000
    Drosophila grimshawi
    Dgri\GH24345
    Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150CIT )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Musca domestica
    House fly
    Mdoa\17025166
    Glossina morsitans
    Tsetse fly
    Gmor\GMOY006760
    Lucilia cuprina
    Australian sheep blowfly
    Lcup\FF38_09587
    Mayetiola destructor
    Hessian fly
    Mdes\Mdes016214
    Mayetiola destructor
    Hessian fly
    Mdes\Mdes010407
    Aedes aegypti
    Yellow fever mosquito
    Aaeg\AAEL006817
    Anopheles gambiae
    Malaria mosquito
    Agam\AGAP000878
    Culex quinquefasciatus
    Southern house mosquito
    Cqui\CPIJ018046
    Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0M8C )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Bombyx mori
    Silkmoth
    Bmor\Ase
    Danaus plexippus
    Monarch butterfly
    Dple\DPOGS205653-PA
    Heliconius melpomene
    Postman butterfly
    Hmel\HMEL006590
    Tribolium castaneum
    Red flour beetle
    Tcas\ase
    Pediculus humanus
    Human body louse
    Phum\PHUM501880
    Zootermopsis nevadensis
    Nevada dampwood termite
    Znev\Znev_05409
    Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0GG3 )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Strigamia maritima
    European centipede
    Smar\SMAR011494
    Ixodes scapularis
    Black-legged tick
    Isca\ISCW009120
    Ixodes scapularis
    Black-legged tick
    Isca\ISCW013371
    Stegodyphus mimosarum
    African social velvet spider
    Smim\KFM74112.1
    Stegodyphus mimosarum
    African social velvet spider
    Smim\KFM64395.1
    Stegodyphus mimosarum
    African social velvet spider
    Smim\KFM56638.1
    Stegodyphus mimosarum
    African social velvet spider
    Smim\KFM68173.1
    Tetranychus urticae
    Two-spotted spider mite
    Turt\tetur04g08630
    Tetranychus urticae
    Two-spotted spider mite
    Turt\tetur07g04030
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_232740
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_254034
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_254038
    Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
    Human Disease Model Data
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology)
      Download
      Models ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Interactions ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Comments ( 0 )
       
      Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      ASCL1; achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1
      5 of 15
      100790
       
      ASCL2; achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2
      3 of 15
      601886
        ASCL3; achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 3
        3 of 15
        609154
          ASCL4; achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 4
          3 of 15
          609155
            ASCL5; achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 5
            3 of 15
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
              Select Layout:
              Legend:
              Protein
              RNA
              Selected Interactor(s)
              Interactions Browser
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please look at the Interaction Group reports for full details of the physical interactions
              protein-protein
              Interacting group
              Assay
              References
              ase - E(spl)m3-HLH
              two hybrid
              (Alifragis et al., 1997)
              ase - E(spl)m7-HLH
              two hybrid
              (Alifragis et al., 1997)
              ase - E(spl)mβ-HLH
              two hybrid
              (Alifragis et al., 1997)
              ase - E(spl)mγ-HLH
              two hybrid
              (Alifragis et al., 1997)
              ase - Vps28
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              ase - da
              electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography
              (Jarman et al., 1993)
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              esyN Network Key:
              Suppression
              Enhancement
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              ase
              suppressible
              esg
              (Li et al., 2017, Fuse et al., 1999)
              ase
              suppressible
              nvy
              (Wildonger and Mann, 2005)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              esg
              suppressible
              ase
              (Li et al., 2017)
              nvy
              suppressible
              ase
              (Wildonger and Mann, 2005)
              pnt
              suppressible
              ase
              (Zhu et al., 2011)
              sc
              suppressible
              ase
              (Ayyar et al., 2010)
              External Data
              Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
              Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein.
              (UniProt, P09775 )
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              Pathways
              Gene Group - Pathway Membership (FlyBase)
              External Data
              Linkouts
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              X
              Recombination map
              1-0
              Cytogenetic map
              1B3-1B3
              Sequence location
              X:460,747..463,176 [+]
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              1B3-1B3
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG17896EP1320&P{EP}EP1398 and P{EP}svrEP356&P{EP}argEP452
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              1B3-1B3
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Gonzalez et al., 1989)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location
              1-0
              (FlyBase, 2016)
              1-0.0
              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (7)
              Genomic Clones (9)
               

              Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

              cDNA Clones (5)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequences
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                RNAi and Array Information
                Linkouts
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                Antibody Information
                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                 
                polyclonal
                (Álvarez and Díaz-Benjumea, 2018, Rives-Quinto et al., 2017, Ross et al., 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Weng et al., 2010, Brand et al., 1993)
                Commercially Available Antibodies
                 
                Other Information
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database identify of
                Source for identity of: ase CG3258
                (Nusskern, 1999.11)
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments
                Other Comments
                The Li and Graur method estimates the duplication time of two paralogous genes when the divergence time between the species is known. Using this method the duplication time between sc and Dsim\sc, and ase and Dsim\ase is estimated 50 MYA.
                (Gandarela and Valade, 1998)
                ac-sc mutants are epistatic over E(spl)-C mutants.
                (Heitzler et al., 1996)
                All proneural proteins are similarly able to promote the segregation of a neural precursor at the MP2 neuroblast position but show distinct capacities in its specification.
                (Parras et al., 1996)
                Loss of function mutations in the AS-C lead to a significant reduction in sensory bristles and glial cells.
                (Giangrande, 1995)
                ase may be a neural precursor gene, rather than a proneural gene. Its products are found in the neural precursor during its formation but not in the proneural cluster of cells that gave rise to the neural precursor cell. Its expression persists longer than that of other proneural genes. The expression of ase is apparently downstream of the proneural and neurogenic genes, and its ectopic expression bypasses the requirement for ac and sc in the formation of the imaginal sense organs.
                (Brand et al., 1993)
                Defects due to ase mutations are enhanced by the haploid condition of other genes of the ASC, and can be corrected by an ase transgene. ase has a proneural function that participates in the singling out of the sensory mother cells that give rise to the recurved bristles of the anterior wing margin, and ectopically expressed ase generates extra sense organs.
                (Dominguez and Campuzano, 1993)
                The neural precursor regulatory element of ase has been defined, and contains binding sites for heterodimers between the products of the da and ac and sc loci.
                (Jarman et al., 1993)
                The ase transcription unit shows high homology to the basic domain of the ac, sc and l(1)sc genes as revealed by cross-hybridization studies. The initiation of ase transcription is shifted temporally and spatially in relation to the other genes of the ASC, this implies that the ase promoter responds to specific positional cues for its expression.
                (Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
                The achaete-scute complex defines the basic topology of the sense organ pattern, rather than the type or precise location of the elements. ase is sufficient for the development of Class C neurons: a set of segmentally repeated multi-innervated structures and several mono-innervated sense organs. The ase function can to some extent be substituted by pcl.
                (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1987)
                Origin and Etymology
                Discoverer
                Etymology
                Identification
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
                Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                AS-C T8
                (Wainwright and Ish-Horowicz, 1992, Vaessin et al., 1990)
                AS-C T8ase
                (Abmayr et al., 1992)
                AS-T8
                (Nakachi et al., 1997)
                ASC
                Ase
                (Mora et al., 2018, Janssens et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Altenhein et al., 2016, Yasugi and Nishimura, 2016, Apitz and Salecker, 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Koe et al., 2014, Carney et al., 2013, Zhou and Luo, 2013, Haenfler et al., 2012, Homem and Knoblich, 2012, Xiao et al., 2012, Zarifi et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Orihara-Ono et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Weng and Lee, 2011, Zhu et al., 2011, Bardin et al., 2010, Bayraktar et al., 2010, Chang et al., 2010, Kitajima et al., 2010, Monastirioti et al., 2010, Weng et al., 2010, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Egger et al., 2007, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006, Hutterer et al., 2006, Gomes and Schweisguth, 2005)
                CG3258
                (Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Benos, 2000.12.13)
                EG:165H7.2
                (Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13)
                T1
                (Long et al., 2000)
                T1A
                (Mari-Beffa et al., 1991)
                T1a
                (Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990, Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990)
                T8
                (Gandarela and Valade, 1998, Rao et al., 1991, Alonso and Cabrera, 1988)
                as-T8
                (Prakash et al., 1993)
                ascT8
                (Johnson et al., 1990)
                ase
                (Baker and Brown, 2018, He et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Shaikh and Tejedor, 2018, Hartenstein et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Kwon et al., 2016, Shaikh et al., 2016, Urbach et al., 2016, Schertel et al., 2015, Amcheslavsky et al., 2014, Ciglar et al., 2014, Eroglu et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Southall et al., 2013, Weavers and Skaer, 2013, Zeng et al., 2013, Berger et al., 2012, Carney et al., 2012, Garcia et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Cave et al., 2011, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Ayyar et al., 2010, Sousa-Neves and Rosas, 2010, zur Lage and Jarman, 2010, Kang et al., 2009, Kunert et al., 2009, Lin et al., 2009, McKay et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Bowman et al., 2008, McDermott and Kliman, 2008, Usui et al., 2008, Yasugi et al., 2008, Ayyar et al., 2007, Gutierrez et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Ko et al., 2006, Apitz et al., 2005, Emery et al., 2005, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Noor and Kliman, 2003, Wallace et al., 2000, Mari-Beffa et al., 1991)
                bHLHc28
                (Stevens et al., 2008)
                sc/T8
                Name Synonyms
                Asense
                (Kwon et al., 2016, Apitz and Salecker, 2015, Koe et al., 2014, Lai and Doe, 2014, Berger et al., 2012, Saini and Reichert, 2012, Yoshiura et al., 2012, Orihara-Ono et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011, Bayraktar et al., 2010, Kitajima et al., 2010, Monastirioti et al., 2010, zur Lage and Jarman, 2010, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Bowman et al., 2008, Roegiers et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2005, Yu et al., 2003)
                asense
                (Young and Marcotte, 2017, Urbach et al., 2016, Amcheslavsky et al., 2014, Hsiao et al., 2014, Southall et al., 2014, Shen et al., 2013, Zeng et al., 2013, Ouyang et al., 2011, Ayyar et al., 2010, Bardin et al., 2010, Biehs et al., 2010, Chang et al., 2010, Lin et al., 2010, Kang et al., 2009, McKay et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Ishihara and Shibata, 2008, Jarman et al., 2008, Lage and Jarman, 2008, Usui et al., 2008, Yasugi et al., 2008, Ayyar et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Schlatter and Maier, 2005)
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