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Gene Dmel\awd

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\awd	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	abnormal wing discs	Annotation symbol	CG2210
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000150
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	25 publicly available
Also Known As	NDPK, Kpn, K-pn, e(shi)A, l(3)j2A4
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-104.5
Cytogenetic map	100D2-100D2	Sequence location	3R:27,570,894..27,571,706 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene abnormal wing discs is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\awd (CG2210, FBgn0000150). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: microtubule binding; GTP binding; nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. There is experimental evidence for 11 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: anatomical structure development; macromolecule modification; protein modification process; phosphorus metabolic process; cellular macromolecule metabolic process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; open tracheal system development; primary metabolic process; multicellular organismal process; microtubule-based process; establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium; biological regulation. 62 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: embryonic/larval dorsal trunk; follicle cell; embryonic/larval tracheal system; presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system; dorsal group branch precursor; egg chamber; dorsal trunk primordium. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Nucleoside diphosphate kinase; Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, active site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of very high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1637980_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of awd. Gene sequence location is 3R:27570894..27571706.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	awd: abnormal wing disc (A. Shearn) Homozygotes die in late third larval instar; wing discs variably hypoplastic; other discs appear grossly normal. Trypan blue staining reveals cell death in wing disc, either in area of presumptive wing blade, or scattered throughout disc; other discs reveal lesser amounts of cell death later in development than in wing discs. Extensive lipid vacuolization in larval ventral ganglion, brain lobes, and proventriculus. Mutant discs exhibit slow growth when transplanted into wildtype hosts; normal discs in mutant hosts grow normally. Metamorphosis of eye-antennal, wing, and leg discs when transplanted into normal larvae severely restricted; few or no adult structures develop; mutant ovaries do not survive transplantation to wild-type hosts; however, transplanted awd pole cells capable of producing both awd/+ and awd/awd progeny. Epidermal clones nearly lethal and with thin, short, bent bristles and hairs when induced early; survive in reduced numbers and size when induced late. awdK An antimorphic allele; no phenotypic effects, either when homozygous or heterozygous; however, it is a dominant conditional lethal, which is lethal in combination with pn, i.e., pn/Y; awdK/+ males or pn/pn; awdK/+ females. awdK does not interact with any other eye-color mutant. Interacts lethally with all standard alleles of pn tested; however, pnts-ek insensitive to awdK at permissive temperatures, whereas nine other temperature-sensitive alleles of pn are insensitive under all conditions. Lethal phase of pn;awdK genotypes begins in early second larval instar and lasts until after the time that normal larvae pupate. Using pnts-ek, the temperature-sensitive period of the pn component of the lethal interaction determined to begin in second instar and last until eclosion. pn;awdK sons of pn mothers appear to die earlier than those of pn/+ mothers, suggesting a maternal effect of pn+, which is revealed in the presence of awdK (Hackstein, 1971, Mol. Gen. Genet. 111: 371-76). Fate mapping in pn//pn/+;awdK/+ gynandromorphs places the focus of the lethal interaction in the midventral part of the blastoderm, not a focus of pteridine biosynthesis. awdK eye disks transplanted into pn hosts develop autonomously as do the reciprocal transplants (Grell, 1958, DIS 32: 123-24). The levels of awd transcript are normal in (1) pn, (2) awdK/+, and (3) pn;awdK/+ flies; however, only the first two genotypes accumulate normal levels of the AWD polypeptide, the last having little or none, despite the presence of one copy of awd+. pn;awdK/+ larvae die in early third instar, whereas those that are pn;awdK/+/+ die at the end of L3.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN51375 BKN50116 BKN29228 HFA16906
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 100D2-100D2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}pygoEP1076 and P{PZ}ttk02667&P{lacW}ttkj6C7
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 100E-100E   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Deak, 1999.12.22) 100E1-100E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 100E1-100E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 100C-100D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Dearolf et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-104.5 (Sturtevant, 1955)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\awd for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) awd-RA FBtr0085864  NM_057413   634   172
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	0.8 (northern blot) (Biggs et al., 1988, Dearolf et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein awd-PA   FBpp0085223   19.2   172   9.05     NP_476761   AAF57188
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	153 (aa); 16 (kD) (Biggs et al., 1988) 17 (kD observed) (Timmons et al., 1993) 17 (kD) (Biggs et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (IPR001564) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, active site (IPR023005) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1NDL 1NSQ
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA695101   AA695892   AA696417   AA696418   AA696769   AA696828   AA699183   AA802244   AA802397   AA803295   AA803477   AA803839   AA803999   AA804107   AE014297 AAF57188   AC007469   AI062725   AI064242   AI124310   AI124311   AI135304   AI238232   AI257030   AI257573   AI257755   AI388733   AI513862   AI520653   AI944666   AQ026281   AQ026301   AQ034127   AX260118   AX260120   AY113576 AAM29581   AY231961   AY440076   BE976274   BF490435   BF494959   BF504888   BG636671   BG636755   BG637420   BG641065   BI228279   BI230071   BI230073   BI230106   BI231187   BI235977   BI238055   BI243654   BI243887   BI354429   BI354434   BI354437   BI354440   BI354444   BI354445   BI354452   BI354453   BI354454   BI354455   BI358734   BI358735   BI358736   BI358737   BI358738   BI358740   BI358741   BI358742   BI358743   BI358746   BI358747   BI487261   BI564404   BI564409   BI565849   BI565859   BI565870   BI565871   BI565875   BI568755   BI568800   BI568802   BI568807   BI572882   BI572913   BI577095   BI577098   BI577102   BI577113   BI577118   BI581141   BI585323   BI585335   BI585341   BI585342   BI585344   BI585369   BI585371   BI589459   BI589475   BI589477   BI589480   BI589496   BI589506   BI589507   BI589517   BI593605   BI593660   BI593671   BI593686   BI593690   BI593691   BI607696   BI607707   BI607720   BI607729   BI607734   BI607735   BI607753   BI607758   BI607759   BI607771   BI607783   BI607786   BI611994   BI611997   BI612004   BI612013   BI612015   BI612022   BI612026   BI612036   BI612046   BI616002   BI616024   BI616033   BI616036   BI616037   BI616068   BI616071   BI616076   BI616079   BI616083   BI616093   BI616099   BI620064   BI620065   BI620119   BI620134   BI620138   BI620154   BI624082   BI624085   BI624097   BI624109   BI624112   BI624143   BI624156   BI624158   BI628029   BI628042   BI628045   BI628073   BI628081   BI628083   BI628098   BI628104   BI628110   BI631997   BI632013   BI632017   BI632018   BI632021   BI632028   BI632046   BI632051   BI632053   BI632059   BI632074   BI632082   BI632088   BI632101   BI634058   BI638013   BI638037   BI638042   BI638054   BI638059   BI638074   BI640424   BP547682   BP551727   BP551728   BP551752   BP551753   BP552066   BP552067   BP552164   BP552165   BP552294   BP552295   BP552900   BP552901   BP553660   BP554946   BP555087   BP555088   BP558065   BP559655   BP559656   BP559736   BP559737   BT001459 AAN71214   BT030786   BX006020   BX006733   BX007944   BX009487   BX009569   BX009575   BX013424   BX014282   BX017206   BX017466   BX018054   BX018153   BX021174   BX021192   BX021302   BX021480   BX022915   BX024507   BX025230   BX025662   BX025692   BX031658   BX032742   BX033272   BX036658   BX037580   BX038115   BX038258   BX038905   BX039425   BX044675   BX048701   BX050874   BX051771   BX062211   BX072515   CK132455   CK658610   CK661048   CK661720   CO152892   CO153642   CO154320   CO154688   CO154798   CO154936   CO156179   CO156450   CO184110   CO185498   CO191903   CO193239   CO193589   CO193819   CO194578   CO264395   CO298992   CO302919   CO307791   CO317411   CO335700   CO336985   CO337188   CO337195   CO337225   CO337238   CO337564   CO337968   CO338526   CR938428   CR938691   DQ440055   EC199728   EC214961   EC217285   EC217586   EC223431   EC225807   EC226979   EC232934   EC245169   EC261035   EC262257   EC263964   EC264678   EC266130   EC266454   EC266938   EC266965   EC266971   EC267147   EC267414   EC267895   EL869821   EL869823   EL869824   EV574860   EV575137   EV575235   EV575253   EV576534   EV577397   EV577649   EV578072   EV578113   EV578275   EV578548   EV578952   EV580471   EV581062   EV581677   EV581898   EV582251   EV582582   EV583272   EV583747   EV584215   EV584518   EV584544   EV584853   EV586317   EV586518   EV587306   EV587494   EV587839   EV588453   EV589758   EV589767   EV590782   EV591445   EV591749   EV592431   EV592477   EV592803   EV592899   EV594616   EV595502   EV596326   EV596404   EV596516   EV596889   EV596923   EV597074   EV597513   EV597557   EV597816   EV598258   EV598309   EV598344   EV598703   EV598779   EV598984   EV599595   EV599929   EV600207   EV600220   EV600229   X13107 CAA31500   X13108
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P08879
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8IH27
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 23023
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference second instar larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (Timmons et al., 1993) third instar larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (Timmons et al., 1993) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Dearolf et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
	awd transcripts are abundant in third instar larvae. (Biggs et al., 1988) awd transcripts are missing in awdKR14 homozygotes. (Biggs et al., 1988) awd transcript is detected in larval wing discs. Transcript levels are highest in the posterior region of the wing pouch, but expression is detected in the anterior region of the dics by late third instar. (Timmons et al., 1993) The awd transcript is detected thoughout development. Highest levels of transcript are detected between second and third instar larval stages and in adult tissue. (Dearolf et al., 1988)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   wing disc   (Santaren et al., 1993) enzyme assay or biochemical detection Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Timmons et al., 1993) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
	awd protein is a microtubule-associated protein. (Biggs et al., 1990) awdb3 homozygouslarvae and awdb3/awdKrv17 larvae have less than 2% of theNDP-kinase activity detected in nonmutant larvae of the same stage. (Biggs et al., 1990) awd is expressed throughout development, as assesed by nucleotide diphodphate kinase enzyme assays. Highest levels of enzyme activity are detected between early embryonic and early larval stages, and lowest levels are detected during puparation. (Timmons et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	microtubule (Biggs et al., 1990)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0000150    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0000150 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of very high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000150 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135381 embryo 02-04hr    94440 embryo 04-06hr    24854 embryo 06-08hr    13896 embryo 08-10hr    14505 embryo 10-12hr    24200 embryo 12-14hr    15652 embryo 14-16hr    26395 embryo 16-18hr    20361 embryo 18-20hr    20862 embryo 20-22hr    22726 embryo 22-24hr    16859 larva L1    76843 larva L2    111046 larva L3 12hr old    101798 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    55021 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    54622 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    52892 white prepupae new    50683 white prepupae 12hr    35176 white prepupae 24hr    48273 pupae 2d postWPP    31063 pupae 3d postWPP    26158 pupae 4d postWPP    38439 adult male 01day    39043 adult male 05day    36203 adult male 30day    36721 adult female 01day    98509 adult female 05day    106411 adult female 30day    118966 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135381) embryo 02-04hr  (94440) embryo 04-06hr  (24854) embryo 06-08hr  (13896) embryo 08-10hr  (14505) embryo 10-12hr  (24200) embryo 12-14hr  (15652) embryo 14-16hr  (26395) embryo 16-18hr  (20361) embryo 18-20hr  (20862) embryo 20-22hr  (22726) embryo 22-24hr  (16859) larva L1  (76843) larva L2  (111046) larva L3 12hr old  (101798) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (55021) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (54622) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (52892) white prepupae new  (50683) white prepupae 12hr  (35176) white prepupae 24hr  (48273) pupae 2d postWPP  (31063) pupae 3d postWPP  (26158) pupae 4d postWPP  (38439) adult male 01day  (39043) adult male 05day  (36203) adult male 30day  (36721) adult female 01day  (98509) adult female 05day  (106411) adult female 30day  (118966) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135381) embryo 02-04hr  (94440) embryo 04-06hr  (24854) embryo 06-08hr  (13896) embryo 08-10hr  (14505) embryo 10-12hr  (24200) embryo 12-14hr  (15652) embryo 14-16hr  (26395) embryo 16-18hr  (20361) embryo 18-20hr  (20862) embryo 20-22hr  (22726) embryo 22-24hr  (16859) larva L1  (76843) larva L2  (111046) larva L3 12hr old  (101798) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (55021) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (54622) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (52892) white prepupae new  (50683) white prepupae 12hr  (35176) white prepupae 24hr  (48273) pupae 2d postWPP  (31063) pupae 3d postWPP  (26158) pupae 4d postWPP  (38439) adult male 01day  (39043) adult male 05day  (36203) adult male 30day  (36721) adult female 01day  (98509) adult female 05day  (106411) adult female 30day  (118966) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135381) embryo 02-04hr  (94440) embryo 04-06hr  (24854) embryo 06-08hr  (13896) embryo 08-10hr  (14505) embryo 10-12hr  (24200) embryo 12-14hr  (15652) embryo 14-16hr  (26395) embryo 16-18hr  (20361) embryo 18-20hr  (20862) embryo 20-22hr  (22726) embryo 22-24hr  (16859) larva L1  (76843) larva L2  (111046) larva L3 12hr old  (101798) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (55021) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (54622) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (52892) white prepupae new  (50683) white prepupae 12hr  (35176) white prepupae 24hr  (48273) pupae 2d postWPP  (31063) pupae 3d postWPP  (26158) pupae 4d postWPP  (38439) adult male 01day  (39043) adult male 05day  (36203) adult male 30day  (36721) adult female 01day  (98509) adult female 05day  (106411) adult female 30day  (118966) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135381 embryo 02-04hr    94440 embryo 04-06hr    24854 embryo 06-08hr    13896 embryo 08-10hr    14505 embryo 10-12hr    24200 embryo 12-14hr    15652 embryo 14-16hr    26395 embryo 16-18hr    20361 embryo 18-20hr    20862 embryo 20-22hr    22726 embryo 22-24hr    16859 larva L1    76843 larva L2    111046 larva L3 12hr old    101798 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    55021 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    54622 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    52892 white prepupae new    50683 white prepupae 12hr    35176 white prepupae 24hr    48273 pupae 2d postWPP    31063 pupae 3d postWPP    26158 pupae 4d postWPP    38439 adult male 01day    39043 adult male 05day    36203 adult male 30day    36721 adult female 01day    98509 adult female 05day    106411 adult female 30day    118966 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000150 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135381 embryo 02-04hr    94440 embryo 04-06hr    24854 embryo 06-08hr    13896 embryo 08-10hr    14505 embryo 10-12hr    24200 embryo 12-14hr    15652 embryo 14-16hr    26395 embryo 16-18hr    20361 embryo 18-20hr    20862 embryo 20-22hr    22726 embryo 22-24hr    16859 larva L1    76843 larva L2    111046 larva L3 12hr old    101798 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    55021 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    54622 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    52892 white prepupae new    50683 white prepupae 12hr    35176 white prepupae 24hr    48273 pupae 2d postWPP    31063 pupae 3d postWPP    26158 pupae 4d postWPP    38439 adult male 01day    39043 adult male 05day    36203 adult male 30day    36721 adult female 01day    98509 adult female 05day    106411 adult female 30day    118966 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135381) embryo 02-04hr  (94440) embryo 04-06hr  (24854) embryo 06-08hr  (13896) embryo 08-10hr  (14505) embryo 10-12hr  (24200) embryo 12-14hr  (15652) embryo 14-16hr  (26395) embryo 16-18hr  (20361) embryo 18-20hr  (20862) embryo 20-22hr  (22726) embryo 22-24hr  (16859) larva L1  (76843) larva L2  (111046) larva L3 12hr old  (101798) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (55021) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (54622) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (52892) white prepupae new  (50683) white prepupae 12hr  (35176) white prepupae 24hr  (48273) pupae 2d postWPP  (31063) pupae 3d postWPP  (26158) pupae 4d postWPP  (38439) adult male 01day  (39043) adult male 05day  (36203) adult male 30day  (36721) adult female 01day  (98509) adult female 05day  (106411) adult female 30day  (118966) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135381) embryo 02-04hr  (94440) embryo 04-06hr  (24854) embryo 06-08hr  (13896) embryo 08-10hr  (14505) embryo 10-12hr  (24200) embryo 12-14hr  (15652) embryo 14-16hr  (26395) embryo 16-18hr  (20361) embryo 18-20hr  (20862) embryo 20-22hr  (22726) embryo 22-24hr  (16859) larva L1  (76843) larva L2  (111046) larva L3 12hr old  (101798) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (55021) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (54622) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (52892) white prepupae new  (50683) white prepupae 12hr  (35176) white prepupae 24hr  (48273) pupae 2d postWPP  (31063) pupae 3d postWPP  (26158) pupae 4d postWPP  (38439) adult male 01day  (39043) adult male 05day  (36203) adult male 30day  (36721) adult female 01day  (98509) adult female 05day  (106411) adult female 30day  (118966) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135381) embryo 02-04hr  (94440) embryo 04-06hr  (24854) embryo 06-08hr  13896 embryo 08-10hr  14505 embryo 10-12hr  (24200) embryo 12-14hr  15652 embryo 14-16hr  (26395) embryo 16-18hr  20361 embryo 18-20hr  (20862) embryo 20-22hr  (22726) embryo 22-24hr  16859 larva L1  (76843) larva L2  (111046) larva L3 12hr old  (101798) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (55021) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (54622) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (52892) white prepupae new  (50683) white prepupae 12hr  (35176) white prepupae 24hr  (48273) pupae 2d postWPP  (31063) pupae 3d postWPP  (26158) pupae 4d postWPP  (38439) adult male 01day  (39043) adult male 05day  (36203) adult male 30day  (36721) adult female 01day  (98509) adult female 05day  (106411) adult female 30day  (118966) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135381 embryo 02-04hr    94440 embryo 04-06hr    24854 embryo 06-08hr    13896 embryo 08-10hr    14505 embryo 10-12hr    24200 embryo 12-14hr    15652 embryo 14-16hr    26395 embryo 16-18hr    20361 embryo 18-20hr    20862 embryo 20-22hr    22726 embryo 22-24hr    16859 larva L1    76843 larva L2    111046 larva L3 12hr old    101798 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    55021 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    54622 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    52892 white prepupae new    50683 white prepupae 12hr    35176 white prepupae 24hr    48273 pupae 2d postWPP    31063 pupae 3d postWPP    26158 pupae 4d postWPP    38439 adult male 01day    39043 adult male 05day    36203 adult male 30day    36721 adult female 01day    98509 adult female 05day    106411 adult female 30day    118966 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0000150    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0000150 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000150 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1874.45 Larval Midgut    2142.2 Larval Hindgut    2305.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1773 Larval Fat Body    1835.4 Larval Salivary Gland    5045.3 Larval Trachea    4145.075 Larval Carcass    2794.4 Adult Head    2364 Adult Eye    3389.1 Adult Brain    1103.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1229.5 Adult Crop    1622.1 Adult Midgut    2623.2 Adult Hindgut    2500.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2341.7 Adult Fat Body    3728.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3090 Adult Heart    4113.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8 Adult Ovary    2204.3 Adult Testis    723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4389.3 Adult Carcass    3456 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1874.45) Larval Midgut  (2142.2) Larval Hindgut  (2305.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1773) Larval Fat Body  (1835.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (5045.3) Larval Trachea  (4145.075) Larval Carcass  (2794.4) Adult Head  (2364) Adult Eye  (3389.1) Adult Brain  (1103.3) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1229.5) Adult Crop  (1622.1) Adult Midgut  (2623.2) Adult Hindgut  (2500.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (2341.7) Adult Fat Body  (3728.5) Adult Salivary Gland  (3090) Adult Heart  (4113.525) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (573.7) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (744.8) Adult Ovary  (2204.3) Adult Testis  (723.8) Adult Male Accessory Gland  (4389.3) Adult Carcass  (3456) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1874.45) Larval Midgut  (2142.2) Larval Hindgut  (2305.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1773) Larval Fat Body  (1835.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (5045.3) Larval Trachea  (4145.075) Larval Carcass  (2794.4) Adult Head  (2364) Adult Eye  (3389.1) Adult Brain  (1103.3) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1229.5) Adult Crop  (1622.1) Adult Midgut  (2623.2) Adult Hindgut  (2500.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (2341.7) Adult Fat Body  (3728.5) Adult Salivary Gland  (3090) Adult Heart  (4113.525) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8 Adult Ovary  (2204.3) Adult Testis    723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (4389.3) Adult Carcass  (3456) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1874.45 Larval Midgut    2142.2 Larval Hindgut    2305.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1773 Larval Fat Body    1835.4 Larval Salivary Gland    5045.3 Larval Trachea    4145.075 Larval Carcass    2794.4 Adult Head    2364 Adult Eye    3389.1 Adult Brain    1103.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1229.5 Adult Crop    1622.1 Adult Midgut    2623.2 Adult Hindgut    2500.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2341.7 Adult Fat Body    3728.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3090 Adult Heart    4113.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8 Adult Ovary    2204.3 Adult Testis    723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4389.3 Adult Carcass    3456 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000150 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1874.45 Larval Midgut    2142.2 Larval Hindgut    2305.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1773 Larval Fat Body    1835.4 Larval Salivary Gland    5045.3 Larval Trachea    4145.075 Larval Carcass    2794.4 Adult Head    2364 Adult Eye    3389.1 Adult Brain    1103.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1229.5 Adult Crop    1622.1 Adult Midgut    2623.2 Adult Hindgut    2500.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2341.7 Adult Fat Body    3728.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3090 Adult Heart    4113.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8 Adult Ovary    2204.3 Adult Testis    723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4389.3 Adult Carcass    3456 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1874.45) Larval Midgut  (2142.2) Larval Hindgut  (2305.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1773) Larval Fat Body  (1835.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (5045.3) Larval Trachea  (4145.075) Larval Carcass  (2794.4) Adult Head  (2364) Adult Eye  (3389.1) Adult Brain  (1103.3) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1229.5) Adult Crop  (1622.1) Adult Midgut  (2623.2) Adult Hindgut  (2500.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (2341.7) Adult Fat Body  (3728.5) Adult Salivary Gland  (3090) Adult Heart  (4113.525) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  744.8 Adult Ovary  (2204.3) Adult Testis  723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (4389.3) Adult Carcass  (3456) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1874.45) Larval Midgut  (2142.2) Larval Hindgut  (2305.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1773) Larval Fat Body  (1835.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (5045.3) Larval Trachea  (4145.075) Larval Carcass  (2794.4) Adult Head  (2364) Adult Eye  (3389.1) Adult Brain  1103.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1229.5 Adult Crop  1622.1 Adult Midgut  (2623.2) Adult Hindgut  (2500.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (2341.7) Adult Fat Body  (3728.5) Adult Salivary Gland  (3090) Adult Heart  (4113.525) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8 Adult Ovary  (2204.3) Adult Testis    723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (4389.3) Adult Carcass  (3456) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1874.45 Larval Midgut    2142.2 Larval Hindgut    2305.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1773 Larval Fat Body    1835.4 Larval Salivary Gland    5045.3 Larval Trachea    4145.075 Larval Carcass    2794.4 Adult Head    2364 Adult Eye    3389.1 Adult Brain    1103.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1229.5 Adult Crop    1622.1 Adult Midgut    2623.2 Adult Hindgut    2500.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2341.7 Adult Fat Body    3728.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3090 Adult Heart    4113.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8 Adult Ovary    2204.3 Adult Testis    723.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4389.3 Adult Carcass    3456 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    2364   NA  Eye    3389.1   NA  Brain    1103.3   1874.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1229.5   NA  Crop    1622.1   2142.2  Midgut    2623.2   2305.3  Hindgut    2500.1   1773  Malpighian Tubules    2341.7   1835.4  Fat Body    3728.5   5045.3  Salivary Gland    3090   NA  Heart    4113.525   4145.075  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    573.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    744.8   NA  Ovary    2204.3   NA  Testis    723.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    4389.3   2794.4  Carcass    3456 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000150 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2210-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for awd Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | pharate adult stage awdKrv14 lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive awdKrv14 lethal | pupal stage | recessive awdb3 awdKRm1 awdKRm2 awdKRm3 awdKRm4 awdKRm5 awdKRm6 awdKRm7 awdKRm8 awdKRm10 awdKRm11 awdKRm12 awdKRS6 lethal | recessive awd14 awdj2A4 awdL8700 viable awdK awdKRm9 awdS108408b viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 awdGD1380 Other Phenotypes Allele paralytic | heat sensitive (with awdKRS6) awdMSM95 paralytic | heat sensitive (with awdMSM95) awdKRS6 wild-type awd+mPAS7 awd+mTa awd+t3.4 awdhs.P Phenotype manifest in Allele dorsal group branch precursor awdj2A4 dorsal trunk primordium awdj2A4 egg chamber awdKRS6 egg chamber | heat sensitive awddsRNA.hs embryonic/larval dorsal trunk awdj2A4 embryonic/larval tracheal system awdj2A4 embryonic dorsal group branch & filopodium awdj2A4 follicle cell, with Scer\GAL455B awdScer\UAS.cDa awddsRNA.Scer\UAS follicle cell | heat sensitive awdhs.P follicle cell | somatic clone awdj2A4 optic cartridge | heat sensitive (with awdKRS6) awdMSM95 optic cartridge | heat sensitive (with awdMSM95) awdKRS6 photoreceptor cell | heat sensitive (with awdKRS6) awdMSM95 photoreceptor cell | heat sensitive (with awdMSM95) awdKRS6 presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system awdKRN3 awdj2A4
Classical Alleles ( 46 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of awd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion awdK neomorphic allele - genetic evidence 14 Yes awdj2A4 P-element activity 2 Yes awdKRS6 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes awd14 1 Yes awdMSM95 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- awdNP4652 1 -- awdUM-8054-3 1 -- awdUM-8157-3 1 -- awdb3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes awdKRm6 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRN3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKrv14 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes awdKrv17 amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes awd113 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd114 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd197 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd198 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd220 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd229 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd41 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd460 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd468 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd593 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd59 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd611 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd612 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awd69 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdCM47 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- awdIII129 Delta2-3 0 Yes awdKRm10 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm11 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm12 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm1 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm3 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm4 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm5 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm7 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm8 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdKRm9 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes awdL8700 P-element activity 0 -- awdMSF15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- awdNP5317 0 -- awdS108408b Delta2-3 0 -- awdunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of awd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion awdGD1380 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes awdGL00013 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes awdHMS00591 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes awd+m.cPa in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes awd+mPAS7 in vitro construct 0 Yes awd+mTa in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes awd+t3.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes awddsRNA.cPa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes awddsRNA.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes awddsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes awdH119A.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes awdH119A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes awdhs.P in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes awdKK109228 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes awdKpn.cPa in vitro construct - minigene in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes awdScer\UAS.cDa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(3;1)48 (Schejter and Wieschaus, 1993) Ts(Y;3Rt)Kpn+
Disrupted in	Df(3R)04661 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(3R)A113 (Schejter and Wieschaus, 1993) Df(3R)awd7 (Biggs et al., 1988) Df(3R)awd-KRB (Cook, 2006.1.31) Df(3R)Exel6220 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)faf-BP (Krishnan et al., 2001)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)tll-e (Cook, 2006.1.31)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1380} NA P{KK109228} NA P{TRiP.GL00013} NA P{TRiP.HMS00591} NA P{UAS-awd.D} NA P{UAS-awd.RNAi.sb} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-awd.H119A} NA P{hs-awd.RNAi.sb} NA P{hs-awd} NA reporter construct P{arr-lacZ} No characterization construct P{arr-awd} NA P{arrXB-nm23-H1} NA P{arrXB-nm23-H2} NA P{awd+mPAS7} NA P{awdK-pn} NA P{H119A} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}awdj2A4 No P{lacW}awdL8700 No P{lacW}awdS108408b No P{luc-sniffer}3-70 No P{luc-sniffer}awdIII129 No miscellaneous insertions P{}awdb3 NA P{RS3}awdUM-8054-3 NA P{RS3}awdUM-8157-3 NA P{UASp-YFP.Rab7.Q67L}awd14 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}awdNP4652 No P{GawB}awdNP5317 No insertion of mobile activating element P{GSV1}C632C632 NA P{GSV1}GSd495GSd495 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 20 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 16 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTP binding inferred from direct assay (Inoue et al., 1996) microtubule binding inferred from direct assay (Biggs et al., 1990) nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity inferred from direct assay AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Inoue et al., 1996) inferred from direct assay AND inferred from mutant phenotype AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:J05207 (Biggs et al., 1990)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adherens junction organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Woolworth et al., 2009) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Dammai et al., 2003, Hsouna et al., 2010) establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium inferred from mutant phenotype (Woolworth et al., 2009) microtubule-based process inferred from mutant phenotype (Biggs et al., 1990) mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Biggs et al., 1990) nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation inferred from mutant phenotype AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:J05207 (Biggs et al., 1990) open tracheal system development inferred from expression pattern AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Dammai et al., 2003) peptidyl-serine phosphorylation inferred from direct assay (Inoue et al., 1996) protein autophosphorylation inferred from direct assay (Inoue et al., 1996) protein phosphorylation inferred from direct assay AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Inoue et al., 1996) regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Hsouna et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule inferred from direct assay (Biggs et al., 1990) microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001564 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q90380 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Rikhy et al., 2001, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
CTP biosynthetic process inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q90380 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1) GTP biosynthetic process inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q90380 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1) UTP biosynthetic process inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q90380 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions awd allele Gene References awd+t3.4 pn (Biggs et al., 1988) awdCM47 shi (Krishnan et al., 2001) awdj2A4 btl (Dammai et al., 2003) shi (Dammai et al., 2003) awdK hop (Zinyk et al., 1993) pn (Timmons et al., 1995, Krishnan et al., 2001) awdKRS6 pn (Krishnan et al., 2001) shi (Krishnan et al., 2001) awdMSF15 shi (Krishnan et al., 2001) awdMSM95 pn (Krishnan et al., 2001) shi (Krishnan et al., 2001) unspecified pn (Sturtevant, 1955, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) shi (Rikhy et al., 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68580 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000150 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000150 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43739
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF22983 Dere\GG11858 Dgri\GH18934 Dmoj\GI24450 Dper\GL23527 Dpse\GA27289 Dsec\GM16421 Dsim\GD16337 Dvir\GJ24119 Dwil\GK10972 Dyak\awd
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA15303   Dyak\awd
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL012359-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP007120-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_393351.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) NP_001119625.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At4g09320.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 9385 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 230926 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 57540 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA007701-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000041066 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0000917 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN08484 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP00550 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE09650 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000025499 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0M13277g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) Chro.40219 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000002194 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA00687 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CMK060C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn05268 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd4_1940 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ004571 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000004832 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 58944 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP13353 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000014938 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 21725 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0185051 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DDB0238334 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2F12980g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 306467 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000064338 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000019175 Equus caballus (horse) NP_417013.1 Escherichia coli K12 (bacteria) XP_655004 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000020117 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000034078 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_11301 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 185803 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000376894 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW023074-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0D03696g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 205662 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF32.2950 Leishmania major (virus) 19073 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000015750 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000002591 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000021217 Mus musculus (house mouse) 115087 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) ENSOANP00000018628 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000018429 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os05g51700.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 9054 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PF13_0349 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM002874-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP06536 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) PP15953 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 140249 Physcomitrella patens (moss) 168059 Physcomitrella patens (moss) 191609 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000005726 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 71359 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 108873 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 773138 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000009382 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_115285 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000003611 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4997680 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YKL067W Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_092750 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC806.07 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001176830.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 49508 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA13095 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_967503.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053508707.200 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000005730 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTNIP00000014528 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP02_0422 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 6290 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000014521 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3695.m00114 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000024764 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0F09229g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB17778 LH12452 ISCW023074 FBgn0067997 FBgn0212983 FBgn0211203 FBgn0187960 FBgn0171336 JGI_V11_306455 JGI_V11_306467 JGI_V11_93797 JGI_V11_305195 JGI_V11_93870 FBgn0248657 FBgn0161117 FBgn0147172 FBgn0126401 FBgn0104153 FBgn0099977 CPIJ004571 BGIBMGA007701 ACYPI000028 ACYPI000025 GB17251 AGAP007120 AAEL012359 PHUM280220 GLEAN_02492
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 25 )
Bloomington	461 ca1 awdK 26705 w*; awdMSM95/TM6B, Tb1 35145 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00013}attP2 12167 y1 w*; P{lacW}awdj2A4/TM3, Sb1 3143 Df(1)bb158, y1/Dp(1;Y)y+/C(1)*; ca1 awdK
Kyoto	101584 ca1 awdK 105923 ca1 awdK 124311 w1118; P{RS3}awdUM-8054-3 124381 w1118; P{RS3}awdUM-8157-3 113486 w*; P{GawB}awdNP4652 / TM3, Sb1 Ser1 106876 Df(1)bb158, y1/Dp(1;Y)y+/C(1)*; ca1 awdK
VDRC	v33198 w1118 P{GD1380}v33198
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR48C22 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 316 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM19775 RH27794
Other clones	DPiM_FI01455 FI01455 yak-em_awd
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT03749 AT06980 AT26895 GH02033 GH04588 GH12845 GH12983 GH14245 GH19727 GH26973 GM02141 GM04073 GM04676 GM04723 GM07644 GM07646 GM08366 GM08476 GM10526 GM12495 GM12850 GM13261 GM14407 GM15366 GM16327 GM16705 GM16737 GM17554 GM18148 GM18669 GM21689 GM23849 GM23858 GM24630 GM26539 GM27071 GM27531 GM27589 GM27653 GM27718 GM29009 GM29042 GM29324 GM29718 GM32407 GM32581 HL07881 LP05255 LP05977 LP06218 LP13991 LP15672 LP20134 LP21386 RE20413 RE25767 RE31950 RE34425 RE41359 RE41694 RE69552 RH03241 RH06551 RH09851 RH10672 RH10887 RH11143 RH14211 RH14279 RH14651 RH14970 RH15182 RH16057 RH17361 RH17690 RH21080 RH26239 RH27683 RH28687 RH28782 RH29479 RH34226 RH38776 RH40418 RH40475 RH41908 RH42235 RH42302 RH42317 RH43926 RH44082 RH44225 RH44335 RH44534 RH45055 RH46084 RH46119 RH49408 RH50244 RH51142 RH52401 RH52474 RH53131 RH54217 RH54301 RH55638 RH56141 RH56254 RH56472 RH57515 RH57675 RH58284 RH58920 RH59065 RH59108 RH59368 RH60295 RH60780 RH61127 RH61642 RH64686 RH65528 RH66578 RH67322 RH67493 RH68281 RH68614 RH68855 RH69939 RH70159 RH71401 RH71702 RH71728 RH73117 RH73121 RH74272 RH74626 RH74781 SD12302 SD14429 SD14536 SD15423 SD16718 SD16943 SD18066 SD18509 SD20079 SD23275 SD26278
Other clones	30109 39492 47906 61409 109193 149684 163340 523433 524011 524129 524267 527221 542637 562043 568825 568833 568885 569238 572758 bs04a02 bs48h01 CK01.6C.D11 CK01.14D.E5 Dmel_dig_000344_0629_3772 Dmel_dig_002486_0701_3705 Dmel_dig_002625_0672_0380 Dmel_dig_003633_0612_2097 Dmel_dig_006031_0634_1593 Dmel_dig_006123_0691_0439 Dmel_dig_006285_0718_0608 Dmel_dig_006367_0590_0927 Dmel_dig_006446_0693_2566 Dmel_dig_006631_0727_0362 Dmel_dig_012375_0666_2659 Dmel_dig_012592_0607_0890 Dmel_dig_012816_0708_2555 Dmel_dig_013393_0632_0327 Dmel_dig_014992_0589_3522 Dmel_dig_016355_0649_1163 Dmel_dig_016428_0636_2402 Dmel_dig_016695_0661_3598 Dmel_dig_017463_0617_2682 Dmel_dig_017630_0677_2364 Dmel_dig_017798_0601_3087 Dmel_dig_018241_0598_0769 Dmel_dig_018431_0650_3401 Dmel_dig_018744_0674_0983 Dmel_neb_001855_0919_0406 Dmel_neb_002253_0391_3773 Dmel_neb_006260_0664_2905 Dmel_neb_008273_0160_3452 Dmel_neb_009157_0832_1942 Dmel_neb_010882_0124_1809 Dmel_neb_011742_0651_3236 Dmel_neb_012337_0154_1711 Dmel_neb_012365_0944_0625 Dmel_neb_012535_0820_2807 Dmel_neb_012733_0909_3061 Dmel_neb_013135_0586_2155 Dmel_neb_013140_0183_1323 Dmel_neb_013269_0869_2625 Dmel_neb_013482_0939_1484 Dmel_neb_013551_0920_0623 Dmel_neb_013558_0826_2092 Dmel_neb_013601_0853_0956 Dmel_neb_013621_0643_3255 Dmel_neb_013630_0351_3144 Dmel_neb_014007_0890_3098 Dmel_neb_014164_0942_3527 Dmel_neb_014252_0881_1147 Dmel_neb_014371_0942_0709 Dmel_neb_014389_0407_0590 Dmel_neb_014389_0912_2389 Dmel_neb_014756_0165_3169 Dmel_neb_014861_0891_1534 Dmel_neb_014877_0157_0648 Dmel_neb_014944_0931_3178 Dmel_neb_015343_0706_0845 Dmel_neb_015387_0946_1060 Dmel_neb_015393_0616_2711 Dmel_neb_015486_0447_2175 Dmel_neb_015690_0358_2046 Dmel_neb_016131_0862_2115 Dmel_neb_016280_0837_0993 EC27139 EC32380 EC35349 EC36444 EC36849 EC38839 EK009812 EK138944 EK174245 EK185149 EK255655 EK267939 EN00709 EN02508 EN03919 EN04611 EN04824 EN05050 EN07514 EN08103 EN11020 EN13615 EN14014 EN14023 EN14107 EN14123 EN14817 EN15702 EN17019 FGH119F01 FGM214D12 FGM214F02 FGM216E09 FGM217B12 FGM217H11 FGM221D11 FGM225F03 FGM232F01 FGM233D05 FGM312G10 FGM322B07 FGM322F03 IP01945 IP01946 IP01948 RE73254 RH05536 RH07087 RH16752 RH19181 RH20275 RH21065 RH21477 RH24237 RH24677 RH24786 RH24905 RH25107 RH25841 RH26413 RH31369 RH31475 RH34394 RH36266 RH39592 RH39652 RH45605 RH50129 RH57775 RH57953 RH61780 RH62352 RH62922 RH62988 RH63181 RH64183 RH70607 RH72595
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000150 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43739
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Biggs et al., 1988, Lee et al., 2010)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: awd CG2210 (Zhao, 1999.11) Source for identity of: awd eshiA (Rikhy, 2001.3.7)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: awd anon-EST:Liang-2.28 (Ashburner, 2004.6.30) Source for merge of: awd anon-WO0172774.80 anon-WO0172774.82 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: awd BcDNA:GM19775 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: awd BcDNA:RH27794 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: awd l(3)j2A4 (Spradling et al., 1999) Source for merge of: awd l(3)L8700 (Beaton, 1999.12.12)
Additional comments	Source for merge of awd BcDNA:RH27794 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of awd anon-WO0172774.80 anon-WO0172774.82 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of awd BcDNA:GM19775 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) shi mediated synaptic vesicle recycling is blocked in awd mutants. (Rikhy et al., 2001) Identification: as a modifier of a temperature sensitive paralytic mutation of shi. (Rikhy et al., 2001) awd can phosphorylate other proteins in addition to autophosphorylation. Results suggest awd may be a multifunctional protein regulating cellular functions as a protein kinase. (Inoue et al., 1996) There is an embryonic requirement for maternal germline awd expression, but the amount required is quite low. (Xu et al., 1996) An altered awd NDP kinase activity is involved in the mechanisms underlying the conditional lethality of the awdK mutation. (Timmons et al., 1995) The crystal structure of the awd protein has been solved at a resolution of 2.4 Angstroms. The active protein is a homohexamer. (Chiadmi et al., 1993) awd function is required for brain tumour formation or proliferation in l(2)gl mutants. (Timmons et al., 1993) Interactions between awd, hop and pn in haematopoietic pathway have been studied as a model system for tumour suppression involving human Nm23 proteins, which are related to awd. (Zinyk et al., 1993) An analysis of the biochemical properties of wild type and mutant awd proteins suggest that the mutation affects protein folding. (Lascu et al., 1992) Homozygotes for loss-of-function alleles die in late third larval instar; wing discs variably hypoplastic; other discs appear grossly normal. Trypan blue staining reveals cell death in wing disc, either in area of presumptive wing blade, or scattered throughout disc; other discs reveal lesser amounts of cell death later in development than in wing discs. Extensive lipid vacuolization in larval ventral ganglion, brain lobes, and proventriculus. Mutant discs exhibit slow growth when transplanted into wild-type hosts; normal discs in mutant hosts grow normally. Metamorphosis of eye-antennal, wing and leg discs when transplanted into normal larvae severely restricted; few or no adult structures develop; mutant ovaries do not survive transplantation to wild-type hosts; however, transplanted awd pole cells capable of producing both awd/+ and awd/awd progeny. Epidermal clones nearly lethal and with thin, short, bent bristles and hairs when induced early; survive in reduced numbers and size when induced late. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) awd mutations disrupt microtubule polymerization and/or function. (Biggs et al., 1990) The awd gene product is microtubule associated. (Biggs et al., 1990) The sequence and expression patterns of the awd gene product have been compared to that of Gip17 and Guk7.2 of D.discoideum. (Wallet et al., 1990) Gain-of-function alleles first identified as Killer-of-prune, on the basis of their dominant synthetic lethality with mutant alleles of pn. (Sturtevant, 1956) Encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057413 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476761 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA696417 AAF57188 AAM29581 AAN71214 AC007469 AI124310 AI124311 AI513862 AI944666 AQ026281 AQ026301 AQ034127 AX260118 AX260120 AY113576 BI354437 BI589496 BT001459 CAA31500 X13107 X13108 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43739 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P08879 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8IH27
Other Crossreferences
	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 23023 InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (IPR001564) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, active site (IPR023005) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1NDL 1NSQ
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68580 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000150 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000150 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000150 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000150 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2210-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000150 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43739 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL012359-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP007120-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_393351.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) NP_001119625.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At4g09320.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 9385 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 230926 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 57540 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA007701-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000041066 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0000917 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN08484 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP00550 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE09650 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000025499 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0M13277g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) Chro.40219 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000002194 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA00687 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CMK060C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn05268 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd4_1940 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ004571 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000004832 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 58944 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP13353 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000014938 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 21725 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0185051 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DDB0238334 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2F12980g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 306467 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000064338 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000019175 Equus caballus (horse) NP_417013.1 Escherichia coli K12 (bacteria) XP_655004 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000020117 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000034078 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_11301 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 185803 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000376894 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW023074-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0D03696g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 205662 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF32.2950 Leishmania major (virus) 19073 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000015750 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000002591 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000021217 Mus musculus (house mouse) 115087 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) ENSOANP00000018628 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000018429 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os05g51700.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 9054 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PF13_0349 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM002874-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP06536 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) PP15953 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 140249 Physcomitrella patens (moss) 168059 Physcomitrella patens (moss) 191609 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000005726 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 71359 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 108873 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 773138 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000009382 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_115285 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000003611 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4997680 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YKL067W Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_092750 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC806.07 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001176830.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 49508 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA13095 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_967503.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053508707.200 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000005730 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTNIP00000014528 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP02_0422 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 6290 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000014521 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3695.m00114 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000024764 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0F09229g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43739 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000150 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB17778 LH12452 ISCW023074 FBgn0067997 FBgn0212983 FBgn0211203 FBgn0187960 FBgn0171336 JGI_V11_306455 JGI_V11_306467 JGI_V11_93797 JGI_V11_305195 JGI_V11_93870 FBgn0248657 FBgn0161117 FBgn0147172 FBgn0126401 FBgn0104153 FBgn0099977 CPIJ004571 BGIBMGA007701 ACYPI000028 ACYPI000025 GB17251 AGAP007120 AAEL012359 PHUM280220 GLEAN_02492
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 30 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	1084/08 (Deak et al., 1997) anon-EST:Liang-2.27   anon-EST:Liang-2.28   anon-WO0172774.80   anon-WO0172774.82   awd (Provost et al., 2006, Xu et al., 1996, Woolworth and Hsu, 2007, Duchi et al., 2007, Cayirlioglu et al., 2003, Zhang et al., 2007, Woolworth and Hsu, 2008, Molnar et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2002, Minidorff et al., 2007, Xing et al., 2007, Nallamothu et al., 2008, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Woolworth et al., 2009, Shi et al., 2006, Hsouna et al., 2007, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Hsouna et al., 2010) Awd (Nallamothu et al., 2007, Nie et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2010) BcDNA:GM19775   BcDNA:RH27794   CG2210 (Ashburner, 2004.6.30, Stempfl et al., 2002, Rikhy, 2001.3.7, Molnar et al., 2006, Hughes et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Cammarato et al., 2011) clone 2.27 (Liang and Biggin, 1998) clone 2.28 (Liang and Biggin, 1998) e(shi)A (Krishnan et al., 2001, Ramaswami et al., 1999) eshiA (Rikhy et al., 2001) Kpn (Provost et al., 2006, Provost et al., 2005, Provost et al., 2005) K-pn (Sturtevant, 1955, Biggs et al., 1988, ) l(3)j2A4 (Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) l(3)L8700 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) NDKB (Mushegian et al., 1998) NDPK (Stenberg et al., 2002, Inoue et al., 1996, de la Rosa et al., 1995, Engel et al., 1994) Nm23/awd (Woolworth and Hsu, 2007)
Name Synonym	abnormal wing disc (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) abnormal wing discs (Provost et al., 2006, Duchi et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2002, Xing et al., 2007, Woolworth et al., 2009, Hsouna et al., 2007, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Hsouna et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011) Abnormal wings disc (Robinson et al., 2010) killer of prune (Provost et al., 2006, Gibson and Dworkin, 2004) Killer of prune (Provost et al., 2005, Provost et al., 2005) Killer-of-prune   NDP kinase (Inoue et al., 1996) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (de Morais Guedes et al., 2003) nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Engel et al., 1994)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0011322 FBgn0024573 FBgn0025960 FBgn0046351 FBgn0046352 FBgn0062949 FBgn0064938
References ( 130 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 130 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 59 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 15 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 21 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Spoof  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Hsouna et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(15): 3779--3794 Drosophila von hippel-lindau tumor suppressor gene function in epithelial tubule morphogenesis. [FBrf0211250] Lee et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(12): 9041--9053 Drosophila octamer elements and pdm-1 dictate the coordinated transcription of core histone genes. [FBrf0210215] Robinson et al., 2010, Mech. Ageing Dev. 131(9): 584--590 Insights into aging through measurements of the Drosophila proteome as a function of temperature. [FBrf0211959] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...