• Home
• Tools
  • BLAST
  • GBrowse
  • QueryBuilder
  • TermLink
  • ImageBrowse
  • Interactions Browser
  • Apollo
  • CytoSearch
  • QuickSearch
  • Batch Download
  • Coordinate Converter
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Find A Person
  • Update An Address
  • Add A New Person
• Files
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases FTP
  • Genomes FTP
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Synteny Table
  • Drosophilidae
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All resources
  • Interactive Fly
  • Textpresso for Fly
  • AAA site
  • BDGP
  • DHGP
  • DGRC
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections:
  • Bloomington
  • DrosDel
  • Ehime
  • Exelixis (Harvard)
  • GDP (Baylor)
  • Kyoto
  • NIG-Fly
  • Szeged
  • Tucson
  • VDRC
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Known Problems
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Home Page
  • R4.3 BLAST
  • R4.3 GBrowse
  • Older Archives

Gene Dmel\Bc

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Bc	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Black cells	Annotation symbol	CG5779
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000165
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-80.6
Cytogenetic map	54F6-54F6	Sequence location	2R:13,774,718..13,777,477 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Black cells is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Bc (CG5779, FBgn0000165). It has the cytological map location 54F6. Its sequence location is 2R:13774718..13777477. Its molecular function is described as: monophenol monooxygenase activity; oxygen transporter activity; oxidoreductase activity. It is involved in the biological processes: defense response; melanization defense response; scab formation; response to symbiont; response to wounding; transport. 10 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: crystal cell; hemocyte; hemolymph; lymph gland; adult; procrystal cell; lamellocyte; posterior lymph gland pair. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Bc: Black cells Quadrate crystalline bodies in crystal cells of hemolymph replaced by amorphous melanotic mass. Black cells appear in 11-hour embryos in Bc/Bc and in late first-instar larvae in Bc/+. Crystal cells replaced by black cells during first instar in Bc/+. Numerous black cells visible through the integument of larvae, pupae, and of head, thorax, and abdomen in adults. Bc/Bc larvae have no phenol oxidase activity and larval hemolymph fails to darken upon exposure to air; Bc/+ intermediate between +/+ and Bc/Bc in these respects. Bc/Bc adults viable and fertile when separated from a closely linked simultaneously recovered lethal. RK1 in larvae; RK2 in pupae and adults. Dox-A1: Diphenol oxidase A1 subunit Enzyme detectable in embryos at ten hours and remains throughout development and adult life. A1 band more intense than those of subunits A2 and A3. Phox: Phenol oxidase Structural gene for a phenol oxidase component other than A1, A2, or A3. [PHOX (E.C. 1.10.3.1)]. It is a tyrosinase, oxidizing mono- and o-diphenols. Three electrophoretic variants have been described by Batterham and McKechnie (1980), but no null alleles. The molecular weight of the native enzyme is 108,000 daltons. PHOX is believed to be a dimer with a subunit molecular weight of 54,000 (Batterham and Chambers, 1981).
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 54F6-54F6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}grh06850&P{lacW}olf186-Fk11505 and P{PZ}Hsf03091&P{EP}Dgp-1EP731
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-80.6   1- (Choudhary et al., 1992) 2-78.2 (Grell, 1969) 2-79.6 (Asada et al., 1993)
Left of (cM)	fj (Grell, 1969) wt (Asada et al., 1993)
Right of (cM)	c (Asada et al., 1993) M(2)53 (Grell, 1969)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Bc for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Bc-RA FBtr0086819  NM_057464   2344   690
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.3 (compiled cDNA) (Fujimoto et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Bc-PA   FBpp0085998   79.1   690   6.57     NP_476812   AAF57775
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	690 (aa); 79 (kD predicted) (Fujimoto et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000165
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Arthropod hemocyanin/insect LSP (IPR013788) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756) Hemocyanin, copper-containing (IPR000896) Tyrosinase (IPR002227) Hemocyanin, C-terminal (IPR005203) Hemocyanin, N-terminal (IPR005204) Di-copper centre-containing (IPR008922)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA816984   AB041265 BAB17671   AC004640   AE003801 AAF57775   AI063955   AI107318   AI107728   AI947054   AW940159   AY060617 AAL28165   BI214919   BI216824   BI241542   BI361653   BI369509   BI482709   BI484732   BI566636   BI573407   BI573408   BI573409   BI573410   BI576652   BI579706   BI582314   BI582315   BI583721   BI584787   BI584960   BI587863   BI606027   BI607274   BI607853   BI608188   BI608657   BI610063   BI611191   BI611483   BI611613   BI611642   BI613003   BI614166   BI614485   BI614795   BI616744   BI619301   BI620556   BI623727   BI626040   BI628751   BI629114   BI631586   BI634998   CO289996   CO315875   D45835 BAA08272   EC070306   EC079715   EC200769   EC233060   EC244956   EC249767   RH09052   RH09053
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q27598 Q9GV29 Q7K2W6
Maps to	DS07528 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Does NOT map to
Identified with	bs34e07 (Oliver, 2001.8.16) GH04080 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 12036
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI063955
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000165 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0000165 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000165 BDGP expression data • Show all BDGP original images, annotations and embryonic microarray data for Bc FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Bc Stage(s) 11-12 Stage(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable Bc1 BcGM95 lethal | recessive Bc1 Other Phenotypes Allele visible | dominant Bc1 visible | semidominant Bc1 visible | conditional - heat sensitive Bc1 electrophoretic variant BcF electrophoretic variant | slow BcPhox-S BcS electrophoretic variant | fast BcPhox-F electrophoretic variant | intermediate BcPhox-I tumorigenic | dominant Bc1 immune response defective | adult stage Bcunspecified Sterility Allele fertile Bc1 Phenotype manifest in Allele crystal cell Bc1 Bcunspecified hemocyte Bc1 hemolymph Bc1 lymph gland Bc1 Bcunspecified adult Bcunspecified procrystal cell Bcunspecified lamellocyte Bcunspecified posterior lymph gland pair Bcunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Bc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Bc1 ethyl methanesulfonate 52 -- BcF natural population 0 -- BcGM95 natural population 0 -- BcPhox-F natural population 0 -- BcPhox-I 0 -- BcPhox-S natural population 0 -- BcS natural population 0 -- Bcunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 2 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Bc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion BcGD11763 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes BcScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 3 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(2R)Pcl11B
Useful duplication	Dp(2;Y)53D;57C
Disrupted in	Df(2R)PC4 (Asada et al., 1993, Deng and Rizki, 1988, Lemaitre et al., 1995, Corbo and Levine, 1996) Df(2R)Pcl11B (Asada et al., 1993, Lemaitre et al., 1995, Corbo and Levine, 1996) Df(2R)Pcl7B (Lemaitre et al., 1995)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)Pcl-W5 (Asada et al., 1993, Deng and Rizki, 1988)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11763} NA P{UAS-proPO} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Structural gene for a phenol oxidase. It is a tyrosinase, oxidizing mono- and o-diphenols. Three electrophoretic variants have been described by Batterham and McKechnie (1980), but no null alleles. The molecular weight of the native enzyme is 108,000 daltons. PHOX is believed to be a dimer with a subunit molecular weight of 54,000 (Batterham and Chambers, 1981). tyr1 and lz3 show no monophenol oxidase activity (Wright, 1987).   Mutants in Bc cause the loss of prophenoloxidase activity. Encapsulation of eggs from the parasitoid strain L.boulardi demonstrate that phenoloxidases are required only for blackening and hardening of haemolytic capsules. (Rizki and Rizki, 1990) Males have a minimum level of phenol oxidase activity that protects them from mechanical damage of cuticle or toxic effects. Females have high levels of phenol oxidase, may be caused by their reproductive function. (Bobak et al., 1991) Deduced amino acid sequence indicates a close relationship of this protein to arthropod haemocyanins but a rather remote relationship to vertebrate tyrosinases. (Fujimoto et al., 1995) The nature of prophenoloxidase (proPO) activating enzyme (PPAE) and the mechanism of proPO A1 activation by this enzyme is investigated. (Chosa et al., 1997) Both RNA recognition motifs of B52 are required for RNA binding, while the arginine-serine rich domain is not involved in this interaction. (FlyBase, 1992-)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 9 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
monophenol monooxygenase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Fujimoto, 1995.2.2) non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Cerenius and Soderhall, 2004)
oxidoreductase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002227 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
oxygen transporter activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000896, InterPro:IPR013788 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
melanization defense response traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) traceable author statement (Evans and Banerjee, 2003) traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Spn27A; FB:FBgn0028990 inferred from mutant phenotype (De Gregorio et al., 2002) inferred from mutant phenotype (Kambris et al., 2006)
response to symbiont inferred from mutant phenotype (De Gregorio et al., 2002)
response to wounding inferred from mutant phenotype (De Gregorio et al., 2002)
scab formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Galko and Krasnow, 2004)
transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000896, InterPro:IPR013788 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Bc allele Gene References Bc1 lz (Rizki and Rizki, 1981) BcScer\UAS.cTa Pino (Anholt et al., 2003)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 62729
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dere\GG21008 Dmoj\GI19287 Dper\GL10548 Dpse\GA19121 Dsim\GD25430 Dvir\GJ22164 Dwil\GK22067 Dyak\GE13951
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dbuz\Phox   Dpse\GA19121
Linkouts	InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000020648 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl)
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 57 )
Bloomington	1362 Bc1/CyO 5867 w*; P{UAS-proPO}2 5868 w*; P{UAS-proPO}3 1036 Bc1 fj1 wt1 5866 P{UAS-proPO}X, y1 w* 4456 F(2L)1/F(2R)1, cn1 Bc1
Kyoto	106286 Bc1/CyO 106179 Bc1 fj1 wt1 101534 l(2)24De2 / Bc1 Gla1 101535 l(2)24De3 / Bc1 Gla1
VDRC	v42048 w1118; P{GD11763}v42048 v42049 w1118; P{GD11763}v42049
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR20E20 BACR22L21
cDNA Clones ( 48 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH04080
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH14935 RH46807 RH24312 RE73778 RH51725 RH57928 RH43859 RH18015 RE24106 LD21933 RE65437 RH66566 RH56057 RH17758 RH28756 RH20284 RH50311 RH39991 RH42053 RH33254 RH20283 RH61184 RH17352 RH22396 RE55716 RH43476 RE38637 GH04119 RH57285 RH36337 RH44264 RH17971 RH72106 RH13269 RH74302 RE21071 GH05556 RE45969 RH24064 RH12368 RE67877 RH11821
Other clones	EK072811 bs34e07 RH09052 RH09053 EK262913
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0000165 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0000165
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
Comments About Molecular Function
Other Comments
	According to Batterham et al., Dox-A1 and Phox are not the same. Asada et al conclude that Phox and A1 are highly likely to be the same gene product (while acknowledging that Batterham et al. reported differently, Asada et al describe how Batterham et al could have been mistaken), and refer to Deng and Rizki 1988 (FBrf0065639).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057464 <