FB2020_03, released Jun 16, 2020

Gene: Dmel\Cam

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Cam
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Calmodulin
Annotation Symbol
CG8472
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000253
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
37 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Calmodulin (Cam) encodes a Calcium-binding messenger protein. It acts as a part of the calcium signal transduction pathway and interacts with various target proteins such as kinases or phosphatases. It is involved in actin filament-based movement, mitotic spinde assembly, axon guidance, DNA damage response, autophagy, cell death, sensory perception, and muscle homeostasis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

dCaM, lincRNA.S2634, D-CaM, CalA

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
48F1-48F1
Sequence location
2R:12,259,398..12,278,809 [+]
Recombination map

2-66

RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:12259398..12278809
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (38 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
calcium ion binding
inferred from direct assay
(Martin and Bayley, 2004)
myosin heavy chain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:didum; FB:FBgn0261397
(Toth et al., 2005)
myosin V binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:didum; FB:FBgn0261397
(Martin and Bayley, 2004)
myosin VI head/neck binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:jar; FB:FBgn0011225
(Frank et al., 2006)
protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VLL3
(assigned by UniProt )
(Rossi et al., 1999)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Crag; FB:FBgn0025864
(Xu et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
calcium ion binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000549682
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enzyme regulator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000549861
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (19 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
actin filament-based movement
inferred from direct assay
(Toth et al., 2005)
cellular response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Parkhurst et al., 2018)
centriole replication
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Galletta et al., 2014, Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
kinetochore organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goshima et al., 2007)
metarhodopsin inactivation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Gαq; FB:FBgn0004435
(Scott et al., 1997)
muscle cell cellular homeostasis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Dys; FB:FBgn0260003
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
photoreceptor cell axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Marrone et al., 2011)
positive regulation of cation channel activity
inferred from direct assay
(Mukunda et al., 2014)
protein phosphorylation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Scott et al., 1997)
regulation of light-activated channel activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Scott et al., 1997)
rhabdomere development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Marrone et al., 2011)
rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arnon et al., 1997)
salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nelson et al., 2014)
sensory perception of smell
inferred from direct assay
(Mukunda et al., 2014)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bahk and Jones, 2016)
sensory perception of sound
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Senthilan et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
traceable author statement
(Montell, 1999)
calcium-mediated signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000549861
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
traceable author statement
(Montell, 1999)
microtubule cytoskeleton organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000549861
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (13 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
centriole
inferred from direct assay
(Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
centrosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
inferred from direct assay
(Schoborg et al., 2015, Galletta et al., 2014)
cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Porter et al., 1993)
cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
midbody
inferred from direct assay
(Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
mitotic spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Schoborg et al., 2015)
mitotic spindle pole
inferred from direct assay
(Schoborg et al., 2015)
myosin V complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:didum; FB:FBgn0261397
(Martin and Bayley, 2004)
myosin VI complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:jar; FB:FBgn0011225
(Frank et al., 2006)
nucleoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
colocalizes_with plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
rhabdomere
inferred from direct assay
(Porter et al., 1993)
spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
rhabdomere
traceable author statement
(Montell, 1999)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the calmodulin family. (P62152)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS -
Myosin light chains (MLC) bind myosin heavy chains via an IQ motif in the neck region. They are involved in myosin motor-based movement along actin filaments, regulating ATP hydrolysis or providing a structural function. The calmodulins included in this group have been shown to act as MLCs. (Adapted from FBrf0134714).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+) (By similarity). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases (By similarity). In photoreceptor cells, light-induced Ca(2+) influx activates calmodulin, which in turn is likely to promote Crag activity in trafficking of newly synthesized ninaE (Rh1) from the trans-Golgi network to rhabdomere membranes (PubMed:23226104). Together with Akap200, regulates PKA activity and ethanol-induced sensitivity and tolerance (PubMed:10480937, PubMed:29444420).
(UniProt, P62152)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Cal: Calmodulin
The structural gene of the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin (148 amino acids, 17000 daltons).
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Cam or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Cam for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Stage-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during embryogenesis (FBrf0215804); all variants may not be annotated.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Cam-RA
FBtr0088001
NM_078986
1488
149
Cam-RB
FBtr0088002
NM_165870
695
149
Cam-RC
FBtr0304963
NM_001259347
5672
149
Cam-RD
FBtr0304964
NM_001259348
3406
149
Cam-RE
FBtr0345018
NM_001299408
1435
149
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.2 (northern blot)

(Ohsako et al., 1993, Cho et al., 1991)

1.6 (compiled cDNA)

(Smith et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Cam-PA
FBpp0087109
16.8
149
3.84
NP_523710
AAF58542
Cam-PB
FBpp0087110
16.8
149
3.84
NP_725120
AAF58543
Cam-PC
FBpp0293502
16.8
149
3.84
NP_001246276
AFH08030
Cam-PD
FBpp0293503
16.8
149
3.84
NP_001246277
AFH08031
Cam-PE
FBpp0311269
16.8
149
3.84
NP_001286337
AHN56135
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

149 aa isoforms: Cam-PA, Cam-PB, Cam-PC, Cam-PD, Cam-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

148 (aa)

(Beckingham, 1991, Smith et al., 1987)
Comments

Methionine only

(FlyBase, 1992-)

Site directed mutagenesis was used to create 4 mutants. In each, a conserved glutamic acid residue within one of the Ca2+-binding sites has been replaced with glutamine, thus creating four Cam proteins with analagous mutations in each of the Ca2+-binding sites. Conformational studies on these mutants confirm that the carboxy-terminal two sites show cooperative Ca2+ binding which produces a major change in the protein conformation. The amino terminal Ca2+-binding sites show more independent properties with respect to Ca2+ binding and conformational change. Mutants at the amino-terminal sites were shown to affect conformational change induced by Ca2+ binding at the carboxy-terminal end. This work supports the idea that the carboxy-terminal sites are high affinity for Ca2+ binding and the amino-terminal sites are lower affinity.

(Beckingham, 1991)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Crag (PubMed:18331716). Interacts with stac (PubMed:9813038). Interacts with Akap200; the interaction is calcium-dependent and is inhibited by PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Akap200 (PubMed:10480937).

(UniProt, P62152)
Post Translational Modification

Trimethylation of Lys-116 observed in other calmodulins is absent here, but does occur at Lys-95 specifically in the compound eye.

(UniProt, P62152)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Cam using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous | uniform
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 14 -- 15
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
embryonic head sensory system
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
ventral nerve cord
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic brain
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
adult stage
photoreceptor cell
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
lamina
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
medulla
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
lobula
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
adult gnathal ganglion
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | intense | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | intense | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium

Comment: reported as hindgut proper anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
proventriculus primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
fat body/gonad primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
dorsal sensory complex proper primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal/lateral sensory complexes

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
sensory nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 17
organism

Comment: extended 3' UTR isoform

(Hilgers et al., 2011)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- early third instar larval stage
organism | intense
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
late third instar larval stage
organism | faint
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
pupal stage P7 -- pharate adult stage P8
organism
(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data

Zygotic-specific isoforms of Cam with long 3' UTR extensions were observed.

(Hilgers et al., 2011)

Northern analysis reveals a strongly-expressed doublet of Cam transcript from early embryonic stages through early third instar larval stage (0-89hr AEL), then drops precipitously in late third instar larvae (90-120 hr AEL). Expression increases to a moderate level during pupal stages 7-8 (150-176 hr AEL). Maternally expressed Cam transcript is homogenously distributed through embryonic stage 6. From embryonic stage 14, Cam transcript is expressed in developing central nervous system. In adults Cam transcript is localized to the cell bodies surrounding the lamina, medulla, and lobula, and in cell bodies of the subesophageal ganglion and photoreceptor cells.

(Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
centriole
inferred from direct assay
(Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
centrosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
inferred from direct assay
(Schoborg et al., 2015, Galletta et al., 2014)
cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Porter et al., 1993)
cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
midbody
inferred from direct assay
(Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
mitotic spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Schoborg et al., 2015)
mitotic spindle pole
inferred from direct assay
(Schoborg et al., 2015)
myosin V complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:didum; FB:FBgn0261397
(Martin and Bayley, 2004)
myosin VI complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:jar; FB:FBgn0011225
(Frank et al., 2006)
nucleoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
colocalizes_with plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
rhabdomere
inferred from direct assay
(Porter et al., 1993)
spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{PZ}Cam03909
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
imaginal disc
(Harvie et al., 1998)
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Harvie et al., 1998)
ventral nerve cord
(Harvie et al., 1998)
adult stage
adult brain | restricted
(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)
adult central complex | restricted
(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)
larval stage
embryonic/larval corpus allatum
(Harvie et al., 1998)
prothoracic gland
(Harvie et al., 1998)
Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}CamCPTI001284
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult great commissure
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
adult optic lobe
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{754.P.FSVS-0}CamCPTI002888
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain

Comment: expression throughout adult brain neuropil, concentrated around outside areas

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
lamina
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{768.FSVS-0}CamCPTI003597
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult gnathal ganglion

Comment: expression in all neuropil areas ( adult subesophageal ganglion, supraesophageal ganglion ), higher in localised areas possibly layered or punctate

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
supraesophageal ganglion

Comment: expression in all neuropil areas ( adult subesophageal ganglion, supraesophageal ganglion ), higher in localised areas possibly layered or punctate

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Cam in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 51 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Cam
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Cam
Deletions and Duplications ( 4 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal (with Cam7)
lethal (with Camn339)
lethal (with Df(2R)BSC463)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Cam7/Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with CamB34Q.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with CamB34Q.UAS/Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with CamB34Q.UAS/Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Cam7), with CamB34Q.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Cam7), with Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with CamB34Q.UAS), with Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with CamB34Q.UAS), with Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Camn339), with Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Camn339), with CamB34Q.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Cam7)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Camn339)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4peb-GAL4
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
auditory perception defective | adult stage
auditory perception defective | adult stage (with Cam5)
auditory perception defective | adult stage (with Camn339)
behavior defective
behavior defective, with Cam7, Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
behavior defective, with Cam7, CamUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4how-24B
behavior defective, with Cam7/Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
behavior defective, with CamUAS.cWa, Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
behavior defective (with Cam7), with CamUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4how-24B
behavior defective (with Camn339), with CamUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4how-24B
behavior defective | larval stage
flight defective
flightless
hypoactive | larval stage
hypoactive | larval stage (with Cam7)
hypoactive | larval stage (with Camn339)
locomotor behavior defective
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with Cam352)
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with Cam03909)
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with Camn339)
mating defective, with Cam7, Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
mating defective, with Cam7, CamUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4how-24B
mating defective, with Cam7/Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
mating defective, with CamUAS.cWa, Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
mating defective (with Cam7), with CamUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4how-24B
mating defective (with Camn339), with CamUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4how-24B
neuroanatomy defective (with Cam3c1)
neuroanatomy defective (with Camn339)
neuroanatomy defective | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
neurophysiology defective
neurophysiology defective (with Cam352)
neurophysiology defective (with Camn339)
neurophysiology defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4peb-GAL4
smell perception defective | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22
some die during larval stage, with Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage, with Cam7/Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage, with CamB34Q.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage, with CamB34Q.UAS/Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage, with CamB34Q.UAS/Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage (with Cam7), with CamB34Q.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage (with Cam7), with Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage (with CamB34Q.UAS), with Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage (with CamB34Q.UAS), with Camn339, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage (with Camn339), with Cam7, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage (with Camn339), with CamB34Q.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pharate adult stage (with Cam7)
some die during pharate adult stage (with Camn339)
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage | recessive
uncoordinated (with Cam3c1)
uncoordinated (with Camn339)
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visual behavior defective | recessive
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult head (with Cam7)
adult head (with Camn339)
adult head | P-stage
adult head | P-stage (with Cam7)
adult head | P-stage (with Camn339)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or22 | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or59b | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22
axon | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
axon | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
bouton & abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
bouton & abdominal 3 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
bouton & abdominal 4 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
bouton & abdominal 5 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
bouton & abdominal 6 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
bouton & abdominal 7 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
large sensillum basiconicum, with Scer\GAL4peb-GAL4
longitudinal muscle (with Cam7)
longitudinal muscle (with Camn339)
mesothoracic tergum
mushroom body gamma-lobe | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
ommatidium (with Cam352)
ommatidium (with Camn339)
photoreceptor
pupa
pupa, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
pupa (with Cam7)
pupa (with Camn339)
pupal cuticle
pupal cuticle (with Cam7)
pupal cuticle (with Camn339)
rhabdomere | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
salivary gland | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PU
wing vein
wing vein | ectopic
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (34)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\CALM1
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\CALM3
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\CALM2
6 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\CALML3
5 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\CALML5
4 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\CALML4
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TNNC1
2 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\TNNC2
2 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\AIF1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\AIF1L
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\CABP1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CABP2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CABP4
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CABP5
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CABP7
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CALB1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CALB2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CALML6
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CALN1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EFCAB2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EFCAB3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EFCAB6
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EFCAB7
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\EFCAB9
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EFCAB11
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EFCAB13
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\KNG1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\OCM2
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\OCM
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\PVALB
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\RHBDL3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SCGN
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPATA21
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\STPG4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (31)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Calm3
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Calm1
9 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Calm2
7 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Calml3
6 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Calm4
4 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Calm5
4 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Calml4
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tnnc1
2 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\1700023F06Rik
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Aif1l
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Aif1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Cabp1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Cabp2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Cabp4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Cabp5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Cabp7
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Calb1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Calb2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Caln1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Efcab2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Efcab3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Efcab6
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Efcab7
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Efcab9
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Efcab11
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Ocm
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Pvalb
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Rhbdl3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Scgn
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Spata21
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tnnc2
1 of 15
No
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (27)
Rnor\Calm2
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Calm3
7 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Calm1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Calml3
5 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Calml5
3 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Calml4
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tnnc1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Tnnc2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Aif1l
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Aif1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Cabp1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Cabp4
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Cabp5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Calb1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Calb2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Caln1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Efcab2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Efcab3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Efcab6
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Efcab7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC100361655
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\LOC100911628
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Ocm2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Pvalb
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Rhbdl3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Scgn
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Spata21
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (18)
Xtro\calm1
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\calm2
5 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\calml4
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tnnc1
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\tnnc2
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\aif1l
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\cabp4
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\cabp7
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\calb1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\efcab6
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\LOC548651
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\ocm.2
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\ocm
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\pgm1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\pvalb.1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\pvalb.2
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\pvalb
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\scgn
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (34)
Drer\calm2b
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\calm1a
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\calm1b
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\calm2a
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\calm3a
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\calm3b
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\calml4a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\tnnc1a
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tnnc1b
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tnnc2
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\aif1l
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\cabp1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\cabp2a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\cabp5a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\cabp5b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\cabp7b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\calb1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\calb2a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\calb2b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\calml4b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\caln1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\caln2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\efcab2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\efcab11
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pvalb1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pvalb3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\pvalb4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\pvalb6
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pvalb8
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\pvalb9
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\rhbdl3
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\scgn
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-197n1.2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:rp71-17i16.4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (22)
Cele\cmd-1
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\cal-1
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\cal-2
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\cal-4
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\cal-3
3 of 15
No
No
Cele\cal-6
3 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\T09B4.4
3 of 15
No
No
Cele\tnc-2
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\B0563.7
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\bath-25
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\C50C3.5
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\cal-5
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\cal-7
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\cal-8
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\cbn-1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\E02A10.3
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\F43C9.2
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\H10E21.4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\K03A1.4
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\T02G5.3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\T27C10.9
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\Y73C8B.5
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (18)
Atha\CAM7
7 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\CAM3
6 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CAM4
6 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CAM6
6 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CAM2
4 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CAM1
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CAM5
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G62820
2 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CAM8
2 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CML11
2 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\TCH3
2 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G12310
1 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G41090
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT2G41105
1 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G26470
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\CAM9
1 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\CML37
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\CML41
1 of 9
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\CMD1
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Scer\MLC1
2 of 15
No
No
Scer\MLC2
1 of 15
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\cam1
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\cam2
1 of 12
No
No
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190HQF )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00002594
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD10849
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM21351
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG20265
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\Cam
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF12835
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA24499
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL10814
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK22183
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ20779
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI20594
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH22800
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150DNB )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17021247
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY007655
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_07368
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes001251
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes008468
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL005891
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL012326
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC000981
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC009379
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP010957
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP006622
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP012844
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ017380
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ007602
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ018366
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0C34 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\Bmo.612
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA009871
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS209199-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS200816-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL013034
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL014788
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\4837088804
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3322978468
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC551859
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB48275
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP23483
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP17421
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15213210
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15210140
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH23458
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH21274
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:000774
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0017fe
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG007799
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG005448
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_02265
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_05625
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC006656
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC001251
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM373530
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM467410
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC007515
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC015039
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC003060
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC006930
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI000056
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI003087
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_17854
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_02578
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0C0Y )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR014414
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR003341
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR011878
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW008605
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW015592
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM82866.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM63817.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM58478.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur08g03760
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur01g09410
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur08g03830
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_442795
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_442796
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0V73 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Odadc3L1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Calm1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Odadc3L2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Calm2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_005036gn
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_024195gn
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Calm
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_020033gn
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Odadc3L3
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC494376
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000000627
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000008615
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000008616
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\CALM
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\CALML3
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000026445
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Acam
5 of 10
azot
5 of 10
CG31960
5 of 10
CG17272
4 of 10
CG5024
3 of 10
CG9406
3 of 10
CG13526
3 of 10
CG13898
3 of 10
CG17770
3 of 10
CG30378
3 of 10
TpnC4
3 of 10
CG11638
2 of 10
CG17493
2 of 10
CG31802
2 of 10
Eip63F-1
2 of 10
TpnC25D
2 of 10
TpnC41C
2 of 10
TpnC47D
2 of 10
TpnC73F
2 of 10
Cbp53E
1 of 10
CG11041
1 of 10
CR31958
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CALM1; calmodulin 1
    10 of 15
    114180
    CALM3; calmodulin 3
    10 of 15
    114183
       
      CALM2; calmodulin 2
      6 of 15
      114182
       
      CALML3; calmodulin like 3
      5 of 15
      114184
          CALML5; calmodulin like 5
          4 of 15
          605183
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
              Select Layout:
              Legend:
              Protein
              RNA
              Selected Interactor(s)
              Interactions Browser
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
              protein-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              Cam - 312
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - Atg16
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - Atg5
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - CG14687
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              Cam - CG2736
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - CG3630
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - CaMKI
              lambda phage display
              (Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - CaMKII
              lambda phage display, pull down, competition binding, autoradiography
              (Xu et al., 1998, GuptaRoy et al., 1996)
              Cam - CanA-14F
              lambda phage display
              (Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - Crag
              pull down, anti tag western blot, lambda phage display, far western blotting, tag visualisation, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
              (Denef et al., 2008, Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - KCNQ
              two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Wen et al., 2005)
              Cam - Mer
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
              (Kwon et al., 2013)
              Cam - Plp
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, phenotype-based detection assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author
              (Galletta et al., 2014)
              Cam - Ric
              lambda phage display, pull down, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, far western blotting, tag visualisation
              (Xu et al., 1998, Wes et al., 1996)
              Cam - Rsbp15
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              Cam - RyR
              comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, classical fluorescence spectroscopy, predetermined participant
              (Wang et al., 2004)
              Cam - Sas-6
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Ito et al., 2019)
              Cam - Strn-Mlck
              lambda phage display
              (Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - Swip-1
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - Vha100-1
              bio-layer interferometry, pull down, western blot, classical fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining
              (Wang et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2008)
              Cam - asp
              two hybrid
              (Schoborg et al., 2015)
              Cam - awd
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              Cam - cnn
              nuclear magnetic resonance
              (Citron et al., 2018)
              Cam - cry
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
              (Mazzotta et al., 2018)
              Cam - d
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular weight estimation by staining
              (Cao et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013)
              Cam - didum
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
              (Satoh et al., 2008, Toth et al., 2005)
              Cam - eag
              pull down, western blot
              (Bronk et al., 2018, Sun et al., 2004)
              Cam - fj
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
              (Kwon et al., 2013)
              Cam - igl
              two hybrid
              (Neel and Young, 1994)
              Cam - inaD
              pull down, western blot
              (Chevesich et al., 1997)
              Cam - jar
              anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, classical fluorescence spectroscopy, predetermined participant, nuclear magnetic resonance, two hybrid
              (Joshi et al., 2012, Frank et al., 2006)
              Cam - ninaC
              far western blotting, autoradiography, lambda phage display, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining
              (Xu et al., 1998, Porter et al., 1993)
              Cam - plx
              pull down, anti tag western blot, lambda phage display, far western blotting, tag visualisation
              (Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - poe
              lambda phage display
              (Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - sra
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, multidimensional protein identification technology
              (Takeo et al., 2012)
              Cam - tim
              pull down, tag visualisation by enzyme assay
              (Tataroglu et al., 2015)
              Cam - trp
              static light scattering, predetermined participant, isothermal titration calorimetry, pull down, western blot
              (Sun et al., 2018, Chevesich et al., 1997)
              Cam - trpl
              lambda phage display
              (Xu et al., 1998, Phillips et al., 1992)
              Cam - unc-13
              pull down, anti tag western blot, far western blotting, tag visualisation, lambda phage display
              (Xu et al., 1998)
              Cam - α-Spec
              far western blotting, tag visualisation
              (Dubreuil et al., 1991)
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              esyN Network Key:
              Suppression
              Enhancement
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              Cam
              suppressible
              Ca-α1D
              (Wang et al., 2003)
              Cam
              suppressible
              RyR
              (Wang et al., 2003)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              chb
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Lowery et al., 2010)
              Dys
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
              Dys
              enhanceable
              Cam
              (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
              fzr
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Neuert et al., 2017)
              lok
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Park and Song, 2008)
              pbl
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Gregory et al., 2007)
              TrpA1
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Melom and Littleton, 2013)
              zyd
              suppressible
              Cam
              (Melom and Littleton, 2013)
              External Data
              Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
              Interacts with Crag (PubMed:18331716). Interacts with stac (PubMed:9813038). Interacts with Akap200; the interaction is calcium-dependent and is inhibited by PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Akap200 (PubMed:10480937).
              (UniProt, P62152 )
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
              Metabolic Pathways
              External Data
              Linkouts
              KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              2R
              Recombination map

              2-66

              Cytogenetic map
              48F1-48F1
              Sequence location
              2R:12,259,398..12,278,809 [+]
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              48F1-48F1
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Cam03909 and P{lacW}Camk11802&P{lacW}l(2)k01103k01103
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              48F5-48F6
              (Harvie, 1997.6.4)
              48F1-48F2
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Spradling et al., 1999)
              48F1-48F2
              48F3--4 48F5--6
              (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
              49A-49A
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Smith et al., 1987, Yamanaka et al., 1987)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              2-66

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              2-68.0

              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (37)
              Genomic Clones (35)
              cDNA Clones (298)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Other Information
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database identify of
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: Cam anon- EST:Posey59

              (Ashburner, 2004.6.30)
              Additional comments

              l(2)k08317 may correspond to Cam: the P{lacW}l(2)k08317k08317 insertion maps within the transcription unit.

              (Gene Disruption Project members, 2015.10.8)
              Other Comments

              Cam is involved in centriole duplication and is required for efficient recruitment of pericentriolar material.

              (Dobbelaere et al., 2008)

              RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in unfocused spindle microtubules and pole detachment when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

              (Goshima et al., 2007)

              RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in kinetochore-fiber unfocusing and centrosome detachment phenotypes when assayed in S2 cells.

              (Goshima et al., 2007)

              Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads.

              (Shigenobu et al., 2006)

              The interaction of Cam domains with target peptides derived from the target sequence of sk-MLCK is investigated.

              (Barth et al., 1998)

              Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland.

              (Harvie et al., 1998)

              The complex expression patterns of Cam are examined.

              (Andruss et al., 1997)

              The effects of Ca-Cam on light adaptation, light- and chemically induced Ca2+ release from internal stores, and the resulting inward current are examined using whole cell patch-clamp and fluorimetric recordings from photoreceptor cells. Negative regulation of Ca-Cam on Ca2+ release from ryanodine-sensitive stores is essential for light excitation and light adaptation and for keeping the store-operated current (ISOC) under a tight control.

              (Arnon et al., 1997)

              The stability of Cam can be dramatically reduced by mutation of a single highly conserved residue, but changes in solvent or in the binding of a target sequences can readily compensate for this, restoring the wild-type properties.

              (Browne et al., 1997)

              Generation and analysis of point mutations in the protein coding region of the Cam gene. The mutants identify several cellular, developmental and behavioural processes regulated by Cam.

              (Nelson et al., 1997)

              Cam protein coordinates termination of the light response in photoreceptor cells by modulating receptor and ion channel activity.

              (Scott et al., 1997)

              Isoforms of CaMKII have similar biochemical properties, they exhibit differential activity by mutant Cam proteins. Data supports a role for the C-terminal variable region of CaMKII in the mechanism of activation and demonstrate that stimulation of CaMKII catalytic activity by Cam is a multistep process, with separate binding and activation steps.

              (GuptaRoy et al., 1996)

              The spontaneous avoidance behaviour of Cam null mutants has striking similarities to the enhanced avoidance response produced by some calmodulin mutations in Paramecium. This suggests evolutionary conservation of a role for calmodulin in membrane excitability and linked behavioural responses.

              (Heiman et al., 1996)

              UV-difference spectroscopy and near-UV CD are used to monitor conformational changes to Tyr-138. The ability of Cam mutants to activate one of the target enzymes of Cam, Strn-Mlck, is examined. Results provide strong evidence that events in the N-terminal lobe of Cam are detected in the C-terminal lobe, as monitored by Tyr-138.

              (Mukherjea et al., 1996)

              Clonal analysis suggests that Cam null clones in the PNS result in abnormal differentiation of the sense organs, and that null clones in all tissues are generally small, if not deleted.

              (Atkinson and Beckingham, 1995)

              Null Cam individuals die as first larval instar. Larvae display a locomotor defect, they have backward movements 50% of the time and these occur spontaneously in the absence of any overt stimulus.

              (Beckingham et al., 1995)

              Calcium signaling in the growth cone is required for proper axon pathfinding. Calcium may in part regulate certain growth cone decisions, including whether or not to cross the midline.

              (VanBerkum and Goodman, 1995)

              Interaction between ninaC gene product and Cam gene product is required for subcellular localization of calmodulin and for phototransduction.

              (Porter et al., 1993)

              Backbone dynamics of Cam, studied by 15N relaxation using inverse detected two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, reveal the central helix is flexible.

              (Barbato et al., 1992)

              The pattern of Cam RNA expression during embryogenesis has been analysed.

              (Kovalick and Beckingham, 1992)

              Stopped-flow kinetic methods have been used to study the Ca2+ binding properties of Cal mutants.

              (Martin et al., 1992)

              Circular dichroism measurements were used to assess Ca2+-induced changes in secondary and tertiary structure of calmodulin. In vitro mutagenesis alleles assayed in cell free translation systems revealed significant interaction between N and C terminal domains required for Ca2+ binding.

              (Maune et al., 1992)

              Calcium binding properties and calcium induced conformation changes of mutant proteins is studied.

              (Maune et al., 1992)

              Comparison of CpG distribution in the coding region of 121 genes from six species supports the mCpG mutational hotspot explanation of CpG suppression in methylated species at position II-III and III-I.

              (Schorderet and Gartler, 1992)

              One dimensional 1H-NMR has been used to monitor Ca2+-induced changes in mutant Cam proteins. The results reveal interactions between the calcium-binding sites of Cam.

              (Starovasnik et al., 1992)

              Calcium-induced conformational changes have been studied in Cal by the use of a hydrophobic reporter molecule 9AC, this results in the exposure of hydrophobic surfaces on the protein.

              (Beckingham, 1991)

              Complete 1H and 13C side chain assignments and the secondary structure of Cam in solution are determined using NMR spectroscopy.

              (Ikura et al., 1991)

              The crystal structure of Cal as expressed in a bacterial system has been determined and refined at 2.2-A resolution. This structure is compared with the structure of the mammalian calmodulin protein.

              (Taylor et al., 1991)

              Structure and expression studies of the single Cal gene have found that the gene encodes a tiny additional 5' exon encoding only 50 residues of the 5' leader. Two transcript classes are derived from the gene as a result of alternative polyadenylation site usage, the sites are developmentally regulated.

              (Doyle et al., 1990)

              The structure and sequence of the Cal gene has been determined.

              (Smith et al., 1987)

              The structural gene for the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin.

              Origin and Etymology
              Discoverer

              Yamanaka.

              Etymology
              Identification
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 89 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
              PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
              Linkouts
              ApoDroso - Functional genomic database for photoreceptor development, survival and function
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              3909
              (Harvie et al., 1998)
              CAM
              (Rees et al., 2011, Scott and Zuker, 1998)
              CG8472
              (Kolkhof et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Moutinho-Pereira et al., 2013, Cammarato et al., 2011, Lowery et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Dobbelaere et al., 2008, Hughes et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Ashburner, 2004.6.30)
              CaM
              (He et al., 2019, Ito et al., 2019, Bronk et al., 2018, Citron et al., 2018, Mazzotta et al., 2018, Sun et al., 2018, Kim et al., 2017, Bahk and Jones, 2016, Xu et al., 2016, Davis, 2015, Schoborg et al., 2015, Galletta et al., 2014, Kukic et al., 2014, Mukunda et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Brubaker-Purkey and Woodruff, 2013, Sartain and Wolfner, 2013, Chorna and Hasan, 2012, Pak et al., 2012, Xiong et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Goshima et al., 2007, Gwack et al., 2007, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Frank et al., 2006, Gribovskaja et al., 2005, Wen et al., 2005, Delmas et al., 2004, Martin and Bayley, 2004, Martin et al., 2004, Sun et al., 2004, Biekofsky et al., 2002, Clapperton et al., 2002, Wang et al., 2002, Bilder, 2001, Harris and Lim, 2001, Kim et al., 2001, Lee et al., 2001, Wang and Beckingham, 2001, Andruss et al., 2000, Fefeu et al., 2000, Fritz and VanBerkum, 2000, Masino et al., 2000, Villain et al., 2000, Wang et al., 2000, Fanning and Anderson, 1999, Martin et al., 1999, Li et al., 1998, Martin et al., 1998, Onyike et al., 1998, Arnon et al., 1997, Browne et al., 1997, Brown et al., 1997, Nelson et al., 1997, Peerson et al., 1997, Scott and Zuker, 1997, Stevens-Truss et al., 1997, Andruss et al., 1996, Bayley et al., 1996, Bayley et al., 1996, Browne et al., 1996, GuptaRoy et al., 1996, Andres and Thummel, 1995, Andruss and Beckingham, 1995, Findlay et al., 1995, VanBerkum and Goodman, 1995, Findlay et al., 1994, Andruss and Beckingham, 1993, Maune et al., 1992, Yovell et al., 1992, Ikura et al., 1991)
              Cal
              Cal49A
              CalA
              (Kollmar, 2006, Kollmar and Odronitz, 2006)
              Cam
              (Feuillette et al., 2020, Schwartz et al., 2020, Even et al., 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Song et al., 2019, Tarafdar et al., 2019, Weiss et al., 2019, Zhang and Zhang, 2019, Musselman and Kühnlein, 2018, Parkhurst et al., 2018, Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Neuert et al., 2017, Song et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Hu et al., 2016, Puah and Wasser, 2016, Rabinovich et al., 2016, Dean et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Brown et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Fischer et al., 2012, Joyce et al., 2012, Murray et al., 2012, Senthilan et al., 2012, Zhao et al., 2012, Abou Tayoun et al., 2011, Kucherenko et al., 2011, Marrone et al., 2011, Kazemi-Esfarjani, 2010.6.21, Lowery et al., 2010, Fontenele et al., 2009, Michno et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Dobbelaere et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2008, Zhao et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Magalhaes et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Quinones-Coello et al., 2007, Stuart et al., 2007, Altenhein et al., 2006, Bandyopadhyay et al., 2006, Pavlik et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Manh et al., 2005, Taraszka et al., 2005, Andruss et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2004, Gim et al., 2001, GuptaRoy et al., 2000, Hanson-Painton et al., 1992)
              Cam1
              (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2006)
              D-CaM
              (Wang et al., 2004, Neel and Young, 1994)
              DmCaM
              (Cao et al., 2014)
              DmCalm
              (Yamashita et al., 2000)
              anon-EST:Posey59
              cam
              (Clemens et al., 2018, Stephano et al., 2018, Lefebvre et al., 2016, Melom and Littleton, 2013, Pak et al., 2012, Smibert et al., 2012, Abou Tayoun et al., 2011, Hilgers et al., 2011, Hornbruch-Freitag et al., 2011, Carrillo et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2008, Satoh et al., 2008, Harrison et al., 2005, Alloway and Dolph, 1999, Montell, 1999)
              dCaM
              (Ji et al., 2015, Toth et al., 2005, Xiong et al., 2002, Rodney et al., 2000)
              l(2)03909
              l(2)3909
              (Harvie, 1997.6.4)
              lincRNA.S2634
              (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Young et al., 2012)
              Name Synonyms
              Calmodulin
              (Hu et al., 2016, Xu et al., 2016, Zhang and Baehrecke, 2015, Nelson et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Moutinho-Pereira et al., 2013, Takeo et al., 2012, Xiong et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Hornbruch-Freitag et al., 2011, Kucherenko et al., 2011, Marrone et al., 2011, Anholt and Williams, 2010, Fontenele et al., 2009, Denef et al., 2008, Denef et al., 2008, Hughes et al., 2008, Zhao et al., 2008, Gregory et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello et al., 2007, Pavlik et al., 2006, Manh et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2004, Gim et al., 2001, Xu et al., 1998, Wes et al., 1996, Hanson-Painton et al., 1992, Phillips et al., 1992)
              calmodulin
              (Clemens et al., 2018, Allen et al., 2017, Kawasaki and Kretsinger, 2017, Davis, 2015, Sartain and Wolfner, 2013, Joshi et al., 2012, Pak et al., 2012, Zhao et al., 2012, Abou Tayoun et al., 2011, Tessier and Broadie, 2011, Lowery et al., 2010, Sénatore et al., 2010, Michno et al., 2009, Yang et al., 2009, Kucherenko et al., 2008, Park and Song, 2008, Yuen et al., 2008, Costantino et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2007, Costantino et al., 2006, Gribovskaja et al., 2005, Harrison et al., 2005, Montell, 2005, Voets and Nilius, 2003, Dan et al., 2001, GuptaRoy et al., 2000, Montell, 1999, Smith, 1999.7.28, Chevesich et al., 1997, Hanson-Painton, 1993.1.25, Hanson-Painton, 1993.1.25, Dubreuil et al., 1991, Tobin, 1987.6.15)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0010559
              • FBgn0015611
              • FBgn0027677
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              References (335)