FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\capu
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\capu
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
cappuccino
Annotation Symbol
CG3399
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000256
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
cappuccino (capu) encodes a formin family protein that nucleates actin filaments and accelerates their elongation. It works with the product of spir to build an actin mesh that fills the oocyte during mid-oogenesis. capu is necessary for polarity establishment and female fertility. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

capp

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-11
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:3872646..3902860
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001265
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002660394
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
involved_in actin nucleation
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004399475
involved_in actin nucleation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001265
involved_in oogenesis
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in actin filament
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001265
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002660394
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the formin homology family. Cappuccino subfamily. (Q24120)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
cappuccino (capu) encodes a formin family protein that nucleates actin filaments and accelerates their elongation. It works with the product of spir to build an actin mesh that fills the oocyte during mid-oogenesis. capu is necessary for polarity establishment and female fertility. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acts as an actin nucleation factor and promotes assembly of actin filaments together with spir. May play a role in intracellular vesicle transport along actin fibers, providing a novel link between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular transport.
(UniProt, Q24120)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
capu: cappucino (T. Schupbach)
Maternal-effect lethal. Homozygous females lay eggs which sometimes (5-10%) have a "pointed cap" (cappucino) of dorsal appendage material sitting over the anterior end of the egg, instead of two distinct dorsal appendages. Such eggs are similar to eggs formed by the female-sterile mutation fs(1)K10 but the extent of dorsal appendage material on capu eggs is much more variable than that of fs(1)K10 eggs. No polar granules are found in such eggs. Mutant females produce embryos lacking polar granules, pole cells, and normal abdominal segmentation. In combination with Bic-D, however, abdominal segmentation does develop in the anterior half of the embryo. Improper localization of abdominal determinants also indicated by the lack of posterior localization of vasa protein. Cellularization of the blastoderm irregularly defective, with nuclei of different sizes and densities. Resemble embryos formed by other grandchildless-knirps-like mutations, such as vasa or tudor, but in addition, some of the embryos from capu also appear dorsalized. Mosaic studies demonstrate germ-line function of capu.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Formin domain protein that interacts with Spire to facilitate actin filament capping and nucleation - works with spire to build an actin mesh that fills the oocyte during mid-oogenesis - necessary for polarity establishment and female fertility

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
9

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\capu for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24120)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0077513
3861
1059
FBtr0077512
3629
1049
FBtr0077511
4305
1207
FBtr0290077
4294
1280
FBtr0290078
4537
1361
FBtr0290079
3059
932
FBtr0290080
3713
1107
FBtr0290081
4286
1298
FBtr0290082
3721
1089
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.0 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0077202
113.9
1059
6.04
FBpp0077201
114.0
1049
6.57
FBpp0077200
131.0
1207
6.63
FBpp0288516
137.5
1280
5.86
FBpp0288517
147.1
1361
6.06
FBpp0288518
102.9
932
6.52
FBpp0288519
120.7
1107
6.64
FBpp0288520
141.0
1298
6.38
FBpp0288521
117.4
1089
6.00
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1058 (aa); 114 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with wash. Interacts with spir.

(UniProt, Q24120)
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\capu using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.53

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states 0-24 hr AEL

Additional Descriptive Data

capu transcripts are detected as early as germarium stage 2 in the ovary. They are present in nurse cells in stage S1-S13 egg chambers. They are also detected in the oocyte nucleus from stage S4 to S9 and weakly in follicle cells from stage S4 to S11. On northern blots, capu transcripts are detected throughout embryogenesis, are absent in 1st and 2nd instars, and reappear in third instar larvae. They are also found in ovaries, in ovarectomized females, and in males.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\capu in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 35 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of capu
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of capu
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (18)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
9  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (15)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (24)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (26)
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
4 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
1 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:capu. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
4 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with wash. Interacts with spir.
    (UniProt, Q24120 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-11
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    24C8-24C9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP2595EP2595 and P{lacW}edk01102
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    capu lies proximal to a P{w+} insertion at 24D1--24D2.
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (33)
    Genomic Clones (34)
    cDNA Clones (54)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

        The chic mutant phenotype resembles that caused by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D, and that of capu and spir. Mutants in chic resemble those in capu in that they fail to localize stau protein and osk mRNA to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte.

        The chic profilin product can bind to the product of capu in a yeast two hybrid assay.

        Analysis of capu mutant oocytes suggests that the microtubule cytoskeleton is misregulated resulting in premature microtubule bundling at the cortex of the oocyte and premature microtubule-dependent cytoplasmic streaming within the oocyte. Induction of premature microtubule based streaming in wild type embryos does not sweep away all previously localised molecular determinants, in support of the suggestion that the premature streaming alone cannot explain all of the patterning defects.

        capu and spir are not required for the synthesis or nuclear localisation of fs(1)K10 protein and they mediate dorsoventral patterning independently of fs(1)K10 mRNA localisation.

        Only vas and tud are essential for osk-induced pole cell and abdomen formation, capu is not.

        vas, vls and tud (but not stau, capu, or spir) are necessary for the 6xosk mutant phenotypes.

        The posterior signal can be active at the anterior independent of capu function.

        capu mutant embryos exhibit an absence of posterior pole plasm, polar granules and pole cells. BicD,capu embryos exhibit a duplication of the posterior telson at the anterior.

        capu is required specifically for the localization, not the synthesis, of the posterior signal.

        Mutations in maternal dorsal class gene capu do not interact with RpII140wimp.

        Mutations at the capu locus cause defects in midoogenesis.

        capu gene function affects dorsoventral and anteroposterior patterning.

        capu plays a role in polar granule formation.

        Mutations in grk and Egfr are epistatic to mutations in capu and spir.

        capu and spir participate in pattern formation in both the dorsoventral and anteroposterior axes of the embryo. Mosaic analysis reveals that the products of both are required in the oocyte-nurse cell complex.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: capu CG15420

        Additional comments

        Source for merge of capu CG15420 was a shared cDNA ( date:010720 ).

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
        Reported As
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0031576
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 93 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (256)