FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Pka-C2

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pka-C2

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 2

Annotation Symbol

CG12066

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000274

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

6 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (2.7.11.11)

Gene Summary

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

PKA, DC1, PKA C2

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

100A2-100A2

Sequence location

3R:30,695,537..30,697,138 [-]

Recombination map

3-101

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:30695537..30697138

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR000961, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

enables cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17612

(FlyBase Curators, 2008-)

enables protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17612

(FlyBase Curators, 2008-)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17612

(FlyBase Curators, 2008-)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17612

(FlyBase Curators, 2008-)

involved_in protein kinase A signaling

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000682577

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17612-1

(FlyBase Curators, 2008-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000682577

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PROTEIN KINASE A FAMILY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily. (P16911)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC)

Experimental Evidence

Predictions / Assertions

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein (2.7.11.11)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PROTEIN KINASE A FAMILY -: The Protein Kinase A (PKA) or cAMP-dependent protein kinases are serine/threonine kinases activated by cAMP. The PKA catalytic subunit is maintained in an inactive state in a heterotetrameric complex consisting of two catalytic (C) subunits bound to two regulatory (R) subunits. Binding of cAMP to the R subunits, releases the C subunits from inhibition. (Adapted from PMID:20027184).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pka-C2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P16911)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Pka-C2-RB

FBtr0085727

NM_170518

1349

354

Pka-C2-RC

FBtr0335454

NM_079856

1346

353

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Pka-C2-PB

FBpp0085089

41.5

354

8.71

NP_733397

AAN14254

Pka-C2-PC

FBpp0307432

41.4

353

8.71

NP_524595

AAF57077

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

376, 354 (aa)

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pka-C2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Pka-C2_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage & pupal stage & adult stage

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Additional Descriptive Data

Pka-C2 transcripts are detected in pupae and adults and are more abundant in adult bodies than heads. A slightly smaller transcript is detected in embryos.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pka-C2 in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Pka-C2

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Pka-C2

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43644/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000274

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000274

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000274

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000274

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 0 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pka-C2

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pka-C2

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Exel7378

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

Pka-C2^GD4723

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Pka-C2^GD4649

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Pka-C2^GD4649

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage

Pka-C2^GD4723

flightless, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Pka-C2^GD4723

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

ganglion mother cell | larval stage

Pka-C2^GD4723

larval neuroblast | larval stage

Pka-C2^GD4723

myofibril, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Pka-C2^GD4723

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (6)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\PRKACA

7 of 15

Yes

Hsap\PRKACG

7 of 15

Yes

6 of 15

3 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Prkaca

7 of 15

Yes

5 of 15

3 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)

Rnor\Prkaca

6 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Prkacb

5 of 13

Rnor\LOC102547029

2 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Prkx

2 of 13

Rnor\Prkg2

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\prkaca

6 of 12

Yes

Xtro\prkacb

5 of 12

Xtro\prkx

3 of 12

Xtro\prkg2

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)

Drer\prkacab

6 of 15

Yes

Drer\prkacba

6 of 15

Yes

5 of 15

5 of 15

3 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Drer\si:dkey-121j17.5

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\kin-1

6 of 15

Yes

Cele\F47F2.1

3 of 15

Cele\F47F2.2

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

Atha\AT2G20470

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G23310

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\TPK2

7 of 15

Yes

6 of 15

6 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\pka1

3 of 12

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

6 of 10

6 of 10

4 of 10

for

2 of 10

Pkg21D

2 of 10

CG4839

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PRKACG; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma

model of platelet-type bleeding disorder 19

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha

model of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Pka-C2^KK110127

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{128Q.1-208.UAS}

(Gonzales et al., 2016)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha

7 of 15

601639

primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease

PRKACG; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma

7 of 15

176893

BLEEDING DISORDER, PLATELET-TYPE, 19; BDPLT19

platelet-type bleeding disorder 19

PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta

6 of 15

176892

CARDIOACROFACIAL DYSPLASIA 2; CAFD2

PRKX; protein kinase X-linked

3 of 15

300083

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68495

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000274

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0000274

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-101

Cytogenetic map

100A2-100A2

Sequence location

3R:30,695,537..30,697,138 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

100A2-100A2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd⁰⁵⁸⁸⁴ and P{lacW}l(3)s2500^s2500

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

100A-100A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-101

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-98.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (6)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

31656

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01448}attP2

31243

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01756}attP2/TM3, Ser¹

55859

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC04129}attP2

VDRC

v108424

P{KK110127}VIE-260B

v30658

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4649}v30658

v341110

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD00129}attP40/CyO-GFP

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (8)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000274

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000274

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

43644

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Other Comments

When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, a whole range of mitotic abnormalities, spindle abnormalities and chromosome abnormalities are seen.

(Bettencourt-Dias et al., 2004)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Isolated from a genomic library using a Pka-C1 probe.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Pka-C2 may encode a protein kinase.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

One of 11 cAMP-dependent D.melanogaster DNA clones whose sequences are similar to that of Pka-C1 within the kinase domain identified by nucleic acid hybridization. Pka-C2 shows 45% amino acid identity to the corresponding mouse protein kinase

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

43644

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P16911

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P16911

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0C4DHB5

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P16911

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000274

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43644/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000274

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Pka-C2_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000274

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000274

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000274

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0000274

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

43644

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG12066

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

43644

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0000274

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P16911

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68495

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000274

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000274

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000274

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000274

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG12066

(Yurgel et al., 2019, Hosono et al., 2015, Cingolani et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Chen et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008, Morrison et al., 2000)

CdkB

DC1

(Melendez et al., 1995, Siegfried et al., 1990, Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

DC1a

PKA

(Morin-Poulard et al., 2021, Lathen et al., 2020, Mariano et al., 2020, van Soldt and Cardoso, 2020, Bangi et al., 2007, Jia et al., 2005, Zhang et al., 2005, Ogden et al., 2004, Welte, 2004, Shaw and Franken, 2003)

PKA C2

(Yurgel et al., 2019, Bjorklund et al., 2006, Morrison et al., 2000)

PKA-C2

(Chen et al., 2017, Gonzales et al., 2016, Seluzicki et al., 2014, Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)

PKAC2

(Vonhoff and Keshishian, 2017)

Pka-C2

(Kanoh et al., 2015, Seluzicki et al., 2014, Yin et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Neumüller et al., 2011, Ayroles et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Gao et al., 2008)

Name Synonyms

Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 2

cAMP-dependent protein kinase 2

cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II

(Anholt and Mackay, 2004)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (4)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title