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Gene Dmel\CecA1

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\CecA1	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Cecropin A1	Annotation symbol	CG1365
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000276
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	1 publicly available
Also Known As	Cec, CecA, Cec A1, crpA1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	99E2-99E2	Sequence location	3R:26,036,596..26,037,009 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Cecropin A1 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\CecA1 (CG1365, FBgn0000276). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; autophagic cell death; humoral immune response; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; salivary gland cell autophagic cell death; antibacterial humoral response. 4 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: adult posterior midgut epithelium; mesothoracic tergum. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Cecropin; Cecropin, diptera. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No FlyAtlas data available because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of CecA1. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: No relevant information because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of CecA1. Gene sequence location is 3R:26036596..26037009.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Cec: Cecropin Three structural genes for three very similar cecropin proteins (cecropin A1, A2, and B), bacteriacidal proteins that are induced in adults in response to bacterial infection. All three cecropin genes are coordinately induced by injection of bacteria, although the B gene is expressed at a much lower level. Levels appreciable within one hour, peak at 6 hours and have generally returned to base line by 24 hours. Cecropins also induced by ingested bacteria.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Date-Ito et al., 2002, J. molec. Evol. 54(5): 665--670 Wong et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25430
FB2012_01	References Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 265 Rao et al., 2011, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 41(12): 982--992 Sequence features HFA16603
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 99E2-99E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\CecA1 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) CecA1-RA FBtr0085612  NM_079849   353   63
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	0.4 (northern blot) (Kylsten et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein CecA1-PA   FBpp0084977   6.8   63   10.84     NP_524588   AAF57025
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	63 (aa) (Kylsten et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cecropin (IPR000875) Cecropin, diptera (IPR020400)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014297 AAF57025   AB010791 BAA28719   AB010792 BAA28723   AB010793 BAA28727   AB010794 BAA28730   AB010796 BAA28736   AB010797 BAA28740   AF018964 AAB82461   AF018965 AAB82462   AF018966 AAB82463   AF018967 AAB82464   AF018968 AAB82465   AF018969 AAB82466   AF018970 AAB82467   AF018971 AAB82468   AF018972 AAB82469   AF018973 AAB82470   AF018974 AAB82471   BT032790   BT032796   CO152965   CO153051   CO153445   CO153575   CO153638   CO154036   CO154364   CO154578   CO154596   CO155057   CO155179   CO155720   CO156097   CO156221   CO335604   CO336141   CO336493   CO336943   CO337018   CO337638   CO337640   CO337805   CO337903   CO338518   CO338703   CO338781   CO338880   EC078263   EC260877   EC261405   EC261590   EC261804   EC261987   EC262049   EC262480   EC262608   EC262766   EC263594   EC264822   EC265147   EC266003   EC266053   EC266141   EC266142   EC266169   EC266307   EC266489   EC266773   EC267170   EC267407   EC268034   X16972 CAA34843   Y16852 CAA76425   Y16853 CAA76431   Y16854 CAA76437   Y16855 CAA76443   Y16856 CAA76449   Y16857 CAA76455   Y16858 CAA76461   Y16859 CAA76467   Y16861 CAA76477
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P14954
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160033 3R:26,036,510..26,036,519 bound_moiety=Rel-XP comment=kappaB-like motif is bound by the N-terminal fragment of Rel protein (REL-68 in FBrf0135745). evidence=experimental (Engstrom et al., 1993, Stoven et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   embryonic/larval hemocyte   (Samakovlis et al., 1990) pupal stage     (Samakovlis et al., 1990) adult stage   adult fat body   (Samakovlis et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Cecropin mRNAs are induced after injection of a bacterial suspension into adult abdomens. They can also be induced by feeding flies bacteria-containing food. (Kylsten et al., 1990) CecA1 transcripts are only detected in untreated animals in small amounts in early pupae and adults. Transcripts are strongly induced by bacteria. CecA expression is stronger in fat body than CecB but they are at comparable levels in hemocytes. (Samakovlis et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0000276    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0000276 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000276 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new    1405 white prepupae 12hr    9028 white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    2223 adult male 05day    3571 adult male 30day    3289 adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day    5160 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old  (132) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (555) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (394) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (270) white prepupae new  (1405) white prepupae 12hr  (9028) white prepupae 24hr  (1346) pupae 2d postWPP  (743) pupae 3d postWPP  (196) pupae 4d postWPP  (243) adult male 01day  (2223) adult male 05day  (3571) adult male 30day  (3289) adult female 01day  (1393) adult female 05day  (764) adult female 30day  (5160) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new  1405 white prepupae 12hr  (9028) white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day  (2223) adult male 05day  (3571) adult male 30day  (3289) adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day  (5160) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new    1405 white prepupae 12hr    9028 white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    2223 adult male 05day    3571 adult male 30day    3289 adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day    5160 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new    1405 white prepupae 12hr    9028 white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    2223 adult male 05day    3571 adult male 30day    3289 adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day    5160 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000276 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new    1405 white prepupae 12hr    9028 white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    2223 adult male 05day    3571 adult male 30day    3289 adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day    5160 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old  132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (555) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (394) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (270) white prepupae new  (1405) white prepupae 12hr  (9028) white prepupae 24hr  (1346) pupae 2d postWPP  (743) pupae 3d postWPP  (196) pupae 4d postWPP  (243) adult male 01day  (2223) adult male 05day  (3571) adult male 30day  (3289) adult female 01day  (1393) adult female 05day  (764) adult female 30day  (5160) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new  1405 white prepupae 12hr  (9028) white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day  2223 adult male 05day  (3571) adult male 30day  (3289) adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day  (5160) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new    1405 white prepupae 12hr    9028 white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    2223 adult male 05day    3571 adult male 30day    3289 adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day    5160 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    10 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    132 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    555 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    394 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    270 white prepupae new    1405 white prepupae 12hr    9028 white prepupae 24hr    1346 pupae 2d postWPP    743 pupae 3d postWPP    196 pupae 4d postWPP    243 adult male 01day    2223 adult male 05day    3571 adult male 30day    3289 adult female 01day    1393 adult female 05day    764 adult female 30day    5160 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000276
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 CecA1Scer\UAS.cTa viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 CecA1GD3965 Other Phenotypes Allele body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 CecA1GD3965 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult posterior midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 CecA1Scer\UAS.cRa mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 CecA1GD3965
Classical Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of CecA1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of CecA1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion CecA1GD3965 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes CecA1Scer\UAS.cEa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes CecA1Scer\UAS.cRa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes CecA1Scer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)R113 (Clark and Wang, 1997)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{CecA1.A10-lacZ} No P{CecA1.A11-lacZ} No P{CecA1.A12-lacZ} No P{CecA1.A15-lacZ} No P{CecA1-lacZ.318} No P{CecA1-lacZ.A16} No UAS construct P{GD3965} NA P{UAS-CecA1.E} NA P{UAS-CecA1.R} NA P{UAS-CecA1.T} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 unique terms )
	There is no information supporting a molecular function term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data on: 2006-10-26)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response inferred from direct assay (Samakovlis et al., 1990) inferred from expression pattern (Lemaitre et al., 1997) inferred from expression pattern AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Kylsten et al., 1990) autophagic cell death inferred from expression pattern (Gorski et al., 2003) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Samakovlis et al., 1990) inferred from expression pattern (Lemaitre et al., 1997) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Samakovlis et al., 1990) humoral immune response inferred from expression pattern (Verleyen et al., 2006) salivary gland cell autophagic cell death inferred from expression pattern (Gorski et al., 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Samakovlis et al., 1990) extracellular space inferred from direct assay (Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1) defense response to bacterium non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) defense response to fungus non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions CecA1 allele Gene References unspecified Dredd (Ryu et al., 2006)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000276 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43596
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmau\CecA1   Dpse\CecI   Dsec\CecA1 (Ramos-Onsins and Aguade, 1998) Dsim\CecA1 (Date, 1998.1.27) Dvir\Cec1   Dvir\Cec2A   Dvir\Cec2B   Dvir\Cec3
Linkouts	OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0228702 FBgn0025039 FBgn0025653 FBgn0000277
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 1 )
VDRC	v9710 w1118; P{GD3965}v9710
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR05L15 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 52 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	IP21250 IP21350
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	166638 521742 522006 522415 522569 523068 523896 523917 524507 525509 527140 542537 557046 557914 562000 562077 569476 569478 569642 569652 569761 572867 575622 576530 EN00941 EN01154 EN01961 EN02357 EN02504 EN03342 EN04005 EN04412 EN04433 EN05306 EN05524 EN06624 EN07337 EN10820 EN11924 EN12639 EN13527 EN13651 EN14949 EN14952 EN15330 EN15542 EN17007 EN17433 EN17604 EN17850
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000276 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43596
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: CecA1 CG1365 (Ye, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001) The conserved upstream region of CecA1 that contains the R1, κB and GATA motifs is necessary for fat body-specific and LPS-inducible expression of CecA1 in vivo and in transfected cells. (Roos et al., 1998) Deletion analysis reveals the GATA site is necessary for CecA1 expression. Cotransfection analysis demonstrates Dif required an intact GATA site for maximal transactivation of the CecA1 gene. (Kadalayil et al., 1997) Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism. (Lemaitre et al., 1997) Antibacterial genes are not induced in L.boulardi resistant strains of Drosophila suggesting they cannot be involved directly in the antiparasitoid response. (Coustau et al., 1996) Rel can activate transcription from the CecA1 promoter of a CecA1-Ecol\lacZ reporter construct. (Dushay et al., 1996) The κB motifs of Dpt and CecA1 are not functionally equivalent. Mutants carrying no copies of dl and a single copy of Dif retain their full capacity to express the Dpt and CecA1 genes in response to bacterial challenge. (Gross et al., 1996) Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide. The Cecropins require the spz-cact regulatory cassette for expression at the adult stage. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Transcription is not strongly induced by hymenopteran parasitoids. (Nicolas et al., 1996) The Dif gene product is a sequence specific transcription factor which trans-activates the CecA1 gene in cotransfection assays. Transactivation requires a 40bp upstream element including an insect κΒ-like motif. dl can also activate the CecA1 promoter, but to a lesser extent and in a less sequence-specific manner than Dif. The dl product exerts a dominant negative effect on Dif transactivation of CecA1. (Petersen et al., 1995) The -760bp region of CecA1 confers inducible and tissue-specific expression. A functional and evolutionary relationship between insect immune response factors and mammalian NF-κB exists. (Engstrom et al., 1993) The product of the Dif gene binds to κB like sequence motifs present in promoter regions of the immunity gene, CecA1. (Ip et al., 1993) One of four structural genes, CecA1, CecA2, CecB and CecC, for very similar cecropin proteins, bacteriocidal proteins that are induced in adults in response to bacterial infection. All cecropin genes are coordinately induced by injection (or ingestion) of bacteria, although CecB is expressed at a much lower level. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Cell line from l(2)mbn strain responds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and bacterial flagellin by strong transcriptional response of CecA1 and CecB. (Samakovlis et al., 1992) The Cec gene region contains three genes: CecA1, CecA2 and CecB. Cecropins are antibacterial peptides: transcripts appear within one hour after bacteria has been injected in to the haemocoel. (Kylsten et al., 1990) "CecA" genes are much more active than CecB genes in the fat body. "CecA" genes are most active in larvae and adults. (Samakovlis et al., 1990)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079849 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524588 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAB82461 AAB82462 AAB82463 AAB82464 AAB82465 AAB82466 AAB82467 AAB82468 AAB82469 AAB82470 AAB82471 AAF57025 AAF57025.1 AB010791 AB010792 AB010793 AB010794 AB010795 AB010796 AB010797 AF018964 AF018965 AF018966 AF018967 AF018968 AF018969 AF018970 AF018971 AF018972 AF018973 AF018974 BAA28719 BAA28723 BAA28727 BAA28730 BAA28736 BAA28740 CAA34843 CAA76425 CAA76431 CAA76437 CAA76443 CAA76449 CAA76455 CAA76461 CAA76467 CAA76477 X16972 Y16852 Y16853 Y16854 Y16855 Y16856 Y16857 Y16858 Y16859 Y16861 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43596 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P14954
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cecropin (IPR000875) Cecropin, diptera (IPR020400)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000276 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000276 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000276 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000276 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43596 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43596 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000276 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0228702 FBgn0025039 FBgn0025653 FBgn0000277 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0000276
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 25 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Cec (Zambon et al., 2005, Gottar et al., 2002, Engstrom et al., 2001, Ryu et al., 2004, Ryu et al., 2008, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Ren et al., 2007) CEC (Tzou et al., 2000, Christophides et al., 2002) cec (Georgel et al., 2001, Comeron and Kreitman, 2000, Gross et al., 1996, Corbo and Levine, 1996, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010) CecA (Hedengren-Olcott et al., 2004, Rabel et al., 2004, Werner et al., 2003, Ekengren et al., 2001, Ekengren and Hultmark, 2001, Boulanger et al., 2001, Lu et al., 2001, Dushay et al., 2000, Braun et al., 1998, Nicolas et al., 1998, Williams et al., 1997, Lemaitre et al., 1996) cecA (Leulier et al., 2000, Fedorka et al., 2007) CecA1 (Waterhouse et al., 2007, Bhaskar et al., 2002, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Plunkett et al., 2009, Shin, 2005, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Junell et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2007, Lauwers et al., 2009, Tingvall et al., 2001, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Sackton et al., 2007, Spresser et al., 2008, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Heger and Ponting, 2007, Becker et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2010, Junell et al., 2010, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001) cecA1 (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Wu et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Zsindely et al., 2009) Cec A1 (Ryu et al., 2006, Ryu et al., 2004) CG1365 (Irving et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Pal et al., 2007, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Verleyen et al., 2006, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Heger and Ponting, 2007) CG4740 (Liu et al., 2006) crpA1 (Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010) unnamed (Kylsten, 1990.11.20)
Name Synonym	Cecropin (Steiner, 2004, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Pletcher et al., 2002, Wiklund et al., 2002, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Silverman et al., 2000, Barillas-Mury et al., 2000, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Bernal and Kimbrell, 2000, Govind, 1999, Han et al., 1998, Mathey-Prevot and Perrimon, 1998, Roos et al., 1997, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Ryu et al., 2008, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Verleyen et al., 2006, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Costa et al., 2009, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Akbar et al., 2011) cecropin (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Delaney and Anderson, 2002, Delaney and Anderson, 2001, Ando et al., 1999, Hoffmann et al., 1999, Meng et al., 1999, Hoffmann, 1997, Martin-Blanco, 1997, Silverman et al., 2003, Zelinger and Heifetz, 2006, Zhou et al., 2005, Delaney et al., 2006, Ryu et al., 2004, Christophides et al., 2002, Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Persson et al., 2007, Ooi et al., 2002, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Wang et al., 2011) cecropin A (Boulanger et al., 2002, Meister et al., 2000, Lowenberger et al., 1999, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Fedorka et al., 2007) Cecropin A (Hedengren-Olcott et al., 2002, Tzou et al., 2002, Vidal et al., 2001, Shin, 2005, Wu et al., 2007, Tingvall et al., 2001) cecropin-A (Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008) CecropinA (Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007) Cecropin-A (Luo et al., 2001) cecropin A1 (Okado et al., 2009, Plunkett et al., 2009, Kurz and Ewbank, 2003, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Malagoli et al., 2007, Kapelnikov et al., 2008) Cecropin A1 (Pal et al., 2007, Huh et al., 2007, Date-Ito et al., 2002, Chen et al., 2002, Tanji et al., 2006, Wong et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Rollmann et al., 2008, Wiklund et al., 2009, Lauwers et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Flatt et al., 2008, Verleyen et al., 2006, Carpenter et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2010, Becker et al., 2010, Lemos et al., 2010) Cecropin-A1 (Leulier et al., 2006) CecropinA1 (Tanji et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Tanji et al., 2010) cecropinA1 (Hallem et al., 2007) Cecropin-A1/A2 precursor (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 234 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 234 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 156 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 27 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 28 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 10 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 11 )
	Akbar et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 192(3): 383--390 The full-of-bacteria gene is required for phagosome maturation during immune defense in Drosophila. [FBrf0212933] Rao et al., 2011, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 41(12): 982--992 Manduca sexta moricin promoter elements can increase promoter activities of Drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial peptide genes. [FBrf0216595] Wang et al., 2011, Infect. Immun. 79(2): 606--616 Host and Pathogen Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Proteins Modulate Antimicrobial Peptide Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212806] Wong et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25430 Wolbachia-mediated antibacterial protection and immune gene regulation in Drosophila. [FBrf0216316] Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 265 Chronic activation of the epithelial immune system of the fruit fly's salivary glands has a negative effect on organismal growth and induces a peculiar set of target genes. [FBrf0214863] Becker et al., 2010, Nature 463(7279): 369--373 FOXO-dependent regulation of innate immune homeostasis. [FBrf0209804] Huang et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(18): 8322--8327 Endocytic pathway is required for Drosophila Toll innate immune signaling. [FBrf0210737] Junell et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(14): 3672--3684 The POU transcription factor Drifter/Ventral veinless regulates expression of Drosophila immune defense genes. [FBrf0211117] Lemos et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(36): 15826--15831 Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict. [FBrf0211775] Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Proc. Biol. Sci. 277(1683): 963--969 Repeated stress exposure results in a survival-reproduction trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209895] Tanji et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33): 14715--14720 Heterodimers of NF-{kappa}B transcription factors DIF and Relish regulate antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0211616] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...