FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\CecC
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\CecC
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Cecropin C
Annotation Symbol
CG1373
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000279
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
Cecropin C (CecC) encodes an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is strongly expressed at the pupal stage. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Cecropin, Cec, Cec-C

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
99E2-99E2
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-100
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:30216484..30216938
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from direct assay
(Tryselius et al., 1992)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Tryselius et al., 1992)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from expression pattern
(Gordon et al., 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Tryselius et al., 1992)
involved_in defense response to virus
(Carboni et al., 2022)
involved_in humoral immune response
inferred from expression pattern
(Verleyen et al., 2006)
involved_in response to Gram-negative bacterium
(Carboni et al., 2022)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002212115
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000875, InterPro:IPR020400
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002212115
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002212115
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Tryselius et al., 1992)
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000875, InterPro:IPR020400
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002212115
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the cecropin family. (O16829)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Cecropin C (CecC) encodes an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is strongly expressed at the pupal stage. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CECROPINS -
Cecropins are small, amphiphilic peptides with antibacterial activity. (Adapted from FBrf0241672.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Cecropins have lytic and antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
(UniProt, O16829)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Cec: Cecropin
Three structural genes for three very similar cecropin proteins (cecropin A1, A2, and B), bacteriacidal proteins that are induced in adults in response to bacterial infection. All three cecropin genes are coordinately induced by injection of bacteria, although the B gene is expressed at a much lower level. Levels appreciable within one hour, peak at 6 hours and have generally returned to base line by 24 hours. Cecropins also induced by ingested bacteria.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\CecC for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry O16829)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
CecC-RA
FBtr0085616
NM_079852
386
63
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
CecC-PA
FBpp0084980
6.8
63
11.21
O16829
NP_524591
AAF57028
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments

Small CecC-derived peptides identified by nano LC-MS/MS: pQAANVAATAR-amide, GIAQQAANVAATAR-amide, DATIQGLGIAQQAANVAATAR-amide.

(Verleyen et al., 2006)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\CecC using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.41

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult fat body

Comment: cyclical, peak ZT21-0

(Xu et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expressed cyclically in the adult fat body.

(Xu et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hemolymph

Comment: infected with M. luteus and E. coli

peptides: GIAQQAANVAATAR

(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Tryselius et al., 1992)
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\CecC in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of CecC
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of CecC
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)ΔCecA-C
(Carboni et al., 2022)
Df(3R)R113
(Clark and Wang, 1997)
Inferred from location ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
Agam\CECA_ANOGA
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\CEC4
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\CECC_ANOGA
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\CECB_ANOGA
3 of 12
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:CecC. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
CecA1
7 of 13
CecA2
7 of 13
CecB
7 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-100
    Cytogenetic map
    99E2-99E2
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    99E2-99E2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-100

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-97.8

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (24)
    cDNA Clones (15)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

          (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)

          In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

          (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)

          One of four structural genes for four very similar cecropin proteins (cecropin A1, A2, B and C), bacteriocidal proteins that are induced in adults in response to bacterial infection.

          (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

          CecA2 and CecC show a moderate transcriptional response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and bacterial flagellin in Schneider cells, but no response in Kc cells.

          (Samakovlis et al., 1992)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CecC BcDNA:RH33561

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of CecC BcDNA:RH33561 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: CecC CG1373

          (Ye, 1999.11)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          BcDNA:RH33561
          CECC
          (Riahi et al., 2021)
          CG1373
          (Meadows, 2018.4.4, Dantoft et al., 2013, Petersen et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Pal et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001)
          Cec
          (Ryu et al., 2008, Ren et al., 2007, Gottar et al., 2002, Engstrom et al., 2001)
          Cec C
          (Barretto et al., 2020)
          Cec-C
          (Andolfatto, 2001, Przeworski et al., 2001, Andolfatto and Przeworski, 2000)
          CecC
          (Chen et al., 2024, Fioriti et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2023, Touré et al., 2023, Carboni et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Hodge et al., 2022, Pavlidaki et al., 2022, Vaibhvi et al., 2022, Waring et al., 2022, Wu and Yan, 2022, Wu et al., 2022, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Girard et al., 2021, Kong et al., 2021, Yamashita et al., 2021, Cho et al., 2020, Krautz et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Fowler et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, Moskalev et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Si et al., 2019, Troha et al., 2018, Ueda et al., 2018, Jones et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Zhou et al., 2016, Kavi et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Salazar-Jaramillo et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Dantoft et al., 2013, Durdevic et al., 2013, Esslinger et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Petersen et al., 2012, Gerbasi et al., 2011, Xu et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Jumbo-Lucioni et al., 2010, Pauli et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Kim et al., 2007, Norgate et al., 2007, Sackton et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Date-Ito et al., 2002)
          CecropinC
          (Ma et al., 2021, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021)
          cec
          (Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, Comeron and Kreitman, 2000)
          cecC
          (Wagner et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2020, Huang et al., 2017, Jin et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
          Name Synonyms
          Cecropin
          (Marra et al., 2021, Vonkavaara et al., 2013, Moule et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Costa et al., 2009, Ryu et al., 2008, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Steiner, 2004, Kurz and Ewbank, 2003, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Wiklund et al., 2002, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Barillas-Mury et al., 2000, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Govind, 1999, Han et al., 1998, Mathey-Prevot and Perrimon, 1998, Roos et al., 1997)
          Cecropin C
          (Wang et al., 2024, Chen et al., 2023, Schoberleitner et al., 2021, Song et al., 2021, Ramond et al., 2020, Kounatidis et al., 2017, Obata et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Felix et al., 2012, Longworth et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Ragab et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Flatt et al., 2008, Gordon et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Pal et al., 2007, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Date-Ito et al., 2002)
          Cecropin-C
          (Castillo et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014)
          Cecropin-C precursor
          (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
          CecropinC
          (Wang et al., 2024)
          Cecropins
          (Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021)
          cecropin
          (Persson et al., 2007, Zelinger and Heifetz, 2006, Zhou et al., 2005, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Delaney and Anderson, 2002, Delaney and Anderson, 2001, Ando et al., 1999, Hoffmann et al., 1999, Meng et al., 1999, Hoffmann, 1997)
          cecropin C
          (Overend et al., 2012, Radyuk et al., 2010, Meister et al., 2000)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0062945
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 54 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          References (191)