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Gene Dmel\cn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\cn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	cinnabar	Annotation symbol	CG1555
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000337
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	2959 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-57.5
Cytogenetic map	43E16-43E16	Sequence location	2R:3,670,302..3,672,711 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene cinnabar is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\cn (CG1555, FBgn0000337). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: ommochrome biosynthetic process. 228 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: Malpighian tubule; ocellus; ocellus pigment granule; pigment cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Aromatic-ring hydroxylase-like; Monooxygenase, FAD-binding. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631012_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of cn. Gene sequence location is 2R:3670302..3672711.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	cn: cinnabar Eye color bright red, like v or st. Ocelli colorless. Eye color darkens with age, but ocelli remain colorless. Larval Malpighian tubes pale yellow (Beadle, 1937, Genetics 22: 587-611). cn defective in ommochrome synthesis; blocks conversion of kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine, which has been identified as the cn+ hormone (Butenandt, Weidel, and Schlossberger, 1949, Z. Naturforsch. 4b: 242-44). cn homozygotes devoid of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase activity (Ghosh and Forrest, 1967, Genetics 55: 423-31). Enzyme activity proportional to the number of doses of cn+; cn+ therefore concluded to be the structural gene for kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.9) (Sullivan, Kitos, and Sullivan, 1973, Genetics 75: 651-61). Also cn defective in the uptake of kynurenine by eye discs and Malpighian tubules, where it is normally converted to 3-hydroxykynurenine (Sullivan, Grillo, Kitos, 1974, J. Exp. Zool. 188: 225-34). Nonautonomous in development of pigment of transplanted eye disks (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936, Genetics 21: 230); however, ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutants recovered as mosaics in homozygous red background (Paton and Sullivan, 1978, Biochem. Genet. 16: 855-65); furthermore, even though st has no detectable 3-hydroxykynurenine, it is able to rescue cn in transplants (Phillips, Simmons, and Bowman, 1970, Biochem. Genet. 4: 481-87). Enzyme activity developmentally regulated with a peak of activity in early third instar and a five-fold higher peak in the second half of pupal development (Sullivan et al.). Heterozygotes in all pairwise combinations of 13 ethyl methanesulfonate-induced alleles exhibit mutant phenotype (Paton and Sullivan, 1978). RK1. cnrbr An unstable amorphic allele that reverts with frequency of 3 x 10-3 (Valade del Rio, 1974, DIS 51: 22); also induces reversions of cn1 and cn2 alleles on homologous chromosome in heterozygotes; some of the revertants themselves mutate back to cnrbr (Valade del Rio, 1982, Experientia 38: 790-92).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Controlled Vocabulary Terms quinolinate biosynthetic process
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 43E16-43E16   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)0849208492 and P{EP}CanB2EP774
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 43E6-43E8   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Howells, 1989)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-57.5 (Buzzati-Traverso, 1947)
Left of (cM)	en (Kornberg, 1981) Tyr2 (Homyk and Pye, 1989)
Right of (cM)	pwn pk (Ashburner et al., 1981) Rsp (Ganetzky, 1977)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\cn for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Known mutation in sequenced strain
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) cn-RA FBtr0088931  NM_078927   1929   524
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.2, 1.8 (northern blot) (Warren et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein cn-PA   FBpp0088005   59.4   524   8.69     NP_523651   AAF59196
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	524 (aa) (Warren et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Monooxygenase, FAD-binding (IPR002938) Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (IPR027545) Aromatic-ring hydroxylase-like (IPR003042)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF59196   AF317317   AF317318   AF317319 AAK07882   AY071296 AAL48918   AZ933382   BI236592   BI239014   CZ467909   CZ469073   CZ469911   CZ469953   CZ470141   CZ478570   CZ480819   CZ482641   GH970989   U56245 AAC47351
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	A1Z746
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 9 -- 10   amnioserosa   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   Malpighian tubule primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) yolk nucleus   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   adult eye primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic Malpighian tubule   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage -- pupal stage     (Warren et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The 1.8 and 2.2 kb cn transcripts are detected in mid-larval through pupal stages, with the highest levels in mid-pupal stages. No expression is detected in newly emerged adults. The 1.8 kb transcript is dominant in larvae, while the 2.2 kb transcript is dominant in pupae. (Warren et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.075 Larval Midgut    3.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.3 Larval Fat Body    3.8 Larval Salivary Gland    0.8 Larval Trachea    0.825 Larval Carcass    1.6 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    3 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9 Adult Crop    0.4 Adult Midgut    0.7 Adult Hindgut    0.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Adult Fat Body    2.4 Adult Salivary Gland    4.8 Adult Heart    0.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7 Adult Ovary    0.4 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.5 Adult Carcass    3.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    1.2   NA  Eye    3   NA  Brain    0.6   1.075  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.9   NA  Crop    0.4   3.3  Midgut    0.7   0.6  Hindgut    0.3   1.3  Malpighian Tubules    1.1   3.8  Fat Body    2.4   0.8  Salivary Gland    4.8   NA  Heart    0.925   0.825  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.7   NA  Ovary    0.4   NA  Testis    1.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1.5   1.6  Carcass    3.1 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    26 embryo 06-08hr    86 embryo 08-10hr    50 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr  26 embryo 06-08hr  (86) embryo 08-10hr  (50) embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    26 embryo 06-08hr    86 embryo 08-10hr    50 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    26 embryo 06-08hr    86 embryo 08-10hr    50 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    26 embryo 06-08hr    86 embryo 08-10hr    50 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr  26 embryo 06-08hr  (86) embryo 08-10hr  (50) embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    26 embryo 06-08hr    86 embryo 08-10hr    50 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    26 embryo 06-08hr    86 embryo 08-10hr    50 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    7 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    9 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_31 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE32663 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000337 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1555-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for cn Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 cnGD1236 Sterility Allele female sterile cn76k1 cn78k1 cn79h2 cn79h7 cn81l5 cn81l cn83c17 cn87f147 cn87f149 cn87h32 cn88d7 cn88d29 cn88g69 female sterile | recessive cns male sterile cn76k1 cn78k1 cn79h2 cn79h7 cn81l5 cn81l cn83c17 cn87f147 cn87f149 cn87h32 cn88d7 cn88d29 cn88g69 Other Phenotypes Allele eye color defective cnC68 cnW104 cnW174 eye color defective | recessive cn1 cn2 cn2P cn3 cn4 cn4P cn5P cn6P cn7P cn8P cn9P cn10P cn11P cn12P cn13P cn14P cn15P cn16P cn17P cn18P cn19P cn20P cn21P cn22P cn23P cn24P cn25P cn26P cn27P cn28P cn29P cn30P cn31P cn35k cn36c cn38j cn67d cn72a2 cn74b2 cn74b4 cn74c2 cn74c5 cn74c7 cn74c8 cn74c9 cn74d1 cn74d4 cn74d5 cn74d7 cn74d8 cn75a2 cn76b cn76e2 cn76k1 cn76k2 cn77a2 cn77a3 cn77a4 cn77a9 cn77a10 cn77c2 cn78a cn78b1 cn78f cn78g cn78j2 cn78k1 cn78l cn79b5 cn79b7 cn79b8 cn79b10 cn79b11 cn79b15 cn79c cn79d1 cn79d2 cn79d3 cn79d6 cn79d9 cn79d12 cn79d18 cn79h1 cn79h2 cn79h3 cn79h6 cn79h7 cn80c cn80j cn81a1 cn81c21a cn81c32 cn81c51 cn81f1 cn81k1 cn81k2 cn81k5 cn81l4 cn81l5 cn81l cn82c1 cn82c41 cn82c63 cn83b31 cn83c17 cn83c58 cn83d15 cn83f16 cn83f17 cn83f50 cn83f51 cn84f37 cn84f76 cn84g cn84h27 cn85b1 cn85b2 cn85b3 cn85d1 cn85d5 cn85e2 cn85f1 cn87e62 cn87e130 cn87e150 cn87e158 cn87f73 cn87f99 cn87f147 cn87f149 cn87f165 cn87g12 cn87g54 cn87h32 cn88b37 cn88c3 cn88c25 cn88c81 cn88c83 cn88c84 cn88c99 cn88d7 cn88d29 cn88d33 cn88d78 cn88e7 cn88e30 cn88e59 cn88f29 cn88f74 cn88f84 cn88g42a cn88g42b cn88g69 cn88g74 cn88g77 cn88g91 cn89d88 cn89e15 cn89e48 cns visible cn35k visible | recessive cnunspecified Phenotype manifest in Allele Malpighian tubule cn2 ocellus cn1 cn10P cn11P cn12P cn13P cn14P cn15P cn16P cn17P cn18P cn19P cn20P cn21P cn22P cn23P cn24P cn25P cn26P cn27P cn28P cn29P cn2P cn3 cn30P cn31P cn35k cn36c cn38j cn4 cn4P cn5P cn67d cn6P cn72a2 cn74b2 cn74b4 cn74c2 cn74c5 cn74c7 cn74c8 cn74c9 cn74d1 cn74d4 cn74d5 cn74d7 cn74d8 cn75a2 cn76b cn76e2 cn76k1 cn76k2 cn77a10 cn77a2 cn77a3 cn77a4 cn77a9 cn77c2 cn78a cn78b1 cn78f cn78g cn78j2 cn78k1 cn78l cn79b10 cn79b11 cn79b15 cn79b5 cn79b7 cn79b8 cn79c cn79d1 cn79d12 cn79d18 cn79d2 cn79d3 cn79d6 cn79d9 cn79h1 cn79h2 cn79h3 cn79h6 cn79h7 cn7P cn80c cn80j cn81a1 cn81c21a cn81c32 cn81c51 cn81f1 cn81k1 cn81k2 cn81k5 cn81l cn81l4 cn81l5 cn82c1 cn82c41 cn82c63 cn83b31 cn83c58 cn83d15 cn83f16 cn83f17 cn83f50 cn83f51 cn84f37 cn84f76 cn84g cn84h27 cn85b1 cn85b2 cn85b3 cn85d1 cn85d5 cn85e2 cn85f1 cn87e130 cn87e150 cn87e158 cn87e62 cn87f147 cn87f149 cn87f165 cn87f73 cn87f99 cn87g12 cn87g54 cn87h32 cn88b37 cn88c25 cn88c3 cn88c81 cn88c83 cn88c84 cn88c99 cn88d29 cn88d33 cn88d7 cn88d78 cn88e30 cn88e59 cn88e7 cn88f29 cn88f74 cn88f84 cn88g42a cn88g42b cn88g69 cn88g74 cn88g77 cn88g91 cn89d88 cn89e15 cn89e48 cn8P cn9P cns cnunspecified ocellus pigment granule cn1 cn2 pigment cell cn1 cn10P cn11P cn12P cn13P cn14P cn15P cn16P cn17P cn18P cn19P cn2 cn20P cn21P cn22P cn23P cn24P cn25P cn26P cn27P cn28P cn29P cn2P cn3 cn30P cn31P cn35k cn36c cn38j cn4 cn4P cn5P cn67d cn6P cn72a2 cn74b2 cn74b4 cn74c2 cn74c5 cn74c7 cn74c8 cn74c9 cn74d1 cn74d4 cn74d5 cn74d7 cn74d8 cn75a2 cn76b cn76e2 cn76k1 cn76k2 cn77a10 cn77a2 cn77a3 cn77a4 cn77a9 cn77c2 cn78a cn78b1 cn78f cn78g cn78j2 cn78k1 cn78l cn79b10 cn79b11 cn79b15 cn79b5 cn79b7 cn79b8 cn79c cn79d1 cn79d12 cn79d18 cn79d2 cn79d3 cn79d6 cn79d9 cn79h1 cn79h2 cn79h3 cn79h6 cn79h7 cn7P cn80c cn80j cn81a1 cn81c21a cn81c32 cn81c51 cn81f1 cn81k1 cn81k2 cn81k5 cn81l cn81l4 cn81l5 cn82c1 cn82c41 cn82c63 cn83b31 cn83c58 cn83d15 cn83f16 cn83f17 cn83f50 cn83f51 cn84f37 cn84f76 cn84g cn84h27 cn85b1 cn85b2 cn85b3 cn85d1 cn85d5 cn85e2 cn85f1 cn87e130 cn87e150 cn87e158 cn87e62 cn87f147 cn87f149 cn87f165 cn87f73 cn87f99 cn87g12 cn87g54 cn87h32 cn88b37 cn88c25 cn88c3 cn88c81 cn88c83 cn88c84 cn88c99 cn88d29 cn88d33 cn88d7 cn88d78 cn88e30 cn88e59 cn88e7 cn88f29 cn88f74 cn88f84 cn88g42a cn88g42b cn88g69 cn88g74 cn88g77 cn88g91 cn89d88 cn89e15 cn89e48 cn8P cn9P cnC68 cnW104 cnW174 cns cnunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 225 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of cn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion cn1 spontaneous 2744 Yes cn2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 270 Yes cn2P amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 6 -- cn35k hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 3 Yes cn3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 2 Yes cn4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 1 Yes cnBG00944 P-element activity 1 -- cnc05363 piggyBac transposase 1 -- cnc05410 piggyBac transposase 1 -- cnd07747 1 -- cne00720 piggyBac transposase 1 -- cnNP3586 1 -- cn31P amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn78 amorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 0 -- cn80c amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 -- cnlvI amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- cnrbr amorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 0 Yes cn+c 0 -- cn+e 0 -- cn10P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn11P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn12P hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn13P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn14P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn15P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn16P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn17P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn18P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn19P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn20P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn21P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn22P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn23P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn24P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn25P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn26P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn27P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn28P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn29P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn30P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn36c 0 -- cn38j hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- cn45j natural population 0 -- cn4P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn57e spontaneous 0 -- cn5P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn67d gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn6P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn72a2 gamma ray 0 -- cn74b1 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74b2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74b3 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74b4 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74c2 caffeine gamma ray 0 -- cn74c5 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74c7 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74c8 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74c9 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74d1 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74d4 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74d5 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74d7 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn74d8 caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn75a2 gamma ray 0 -- cn76b caffeine gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn76e2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn76i actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn76k1 actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn76k2 actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn77a10 actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn77a2 actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn77a3 actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn77a4 actinomycin D gamma ray 0 -- cn77a9 actinomycin D gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn77c2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78a gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78b1 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78f gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78g sodium fluoride gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78j2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78k1 sodium fluoride gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn78l gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79b10 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79b11 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79b15 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79b5 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79b7 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79b8 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79c sodium fluoride gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d12 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d15 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d18 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d1 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d3 neutrons 0 -- cn79d6 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79d9 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79h1 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79h2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79h3 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79h5 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn79h6 gamma ray 0 -- cn79h7 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn7P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn80j gamma ray 0 -- cn81a1 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81a2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81c21a gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81c32 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81c51 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81f1 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81f3 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81f5 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81k1 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81k2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81k5 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81l4 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn81l5 gamma ray 0 -- cn81l gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn82c1 252Cf fission neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn82c33 252Cf fission neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn82c41 252Cf fission neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn82c63 252Cf fission neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83b27 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83b31 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83c17 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83c58 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83c spontaneous 0 -- cn83d15 252Cf fission neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83d29 0 -- cn83f16 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83f17 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83f50 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn83f51 X ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn84f37 X ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn84f76 X ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn84g X ray spontaneous irradiation 0 -- cn84h27 X ray 0 -- cn84h spontaneous 0 Yes cn85b1 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn85b2 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn85b3 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn85d1 neutrons 0 -- cn85d4 neutrons 0 -- cn85d5 neutrons 0 -- cn85e2 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn85f1 0 -- cn86i spontaneous 0 -- cn87e130 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87e150 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87e158 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87e62 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87e80 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87f147 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87f149 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87f165 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87f73 gamma ray 0 -- cn87f99 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87g12 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87g54 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn87h32 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88b37 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88b44 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c102 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c23 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c25 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c3 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c63 neutrons 0 -- cn88c81 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c83 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c84 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88c99 neutrons irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88d29 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88d33 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88d78 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88d7 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88d MR 0 Yes cn88e30 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88e59 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88e7 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88f29 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88f74 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88f84 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88g42a neutrons gamma ray 0 -- cn88g42b neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88g53 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88g69 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88g74 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88g77 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn88g91 neutrons gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn89d88 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn89e15 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn89e48 gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn89e72a gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn89e72b gamma ray irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn89e76b irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn8P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cn91l13b irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn91l14 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn91l28 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn91l5 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn92g4 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn94l9 irradiation spontaneous 0 -- cn9P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cnc02385 piggyBac transposase 0 -- cnc04208 piggyBac transposase 0 -- cnc05628 piggyBac transposase 0 -- cnC1 spontaneous 0 Yes cnC2 spontaneous 0 Yes cnC3 spontaneous 0 Yes cnC4 spontaneous 0 Yes cnC68 natural population 0 -- cne03050 piggyBac transposase 0 -- cnEW31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cnEW32 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cnf00154 piggyBac transposase 0 -- cnMR1 MR 0 Yes cnNCX12 X ray 0 -- cnNP7016 0 -- cnS10 X ray 0 -- cns spontaneous 0 -- cnunspecified 0 -- cnW104 natural population 0 -- cnW174 natural population 0 -- cnW2 spontaneous 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of cn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion cnGD1236 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes cnKK101938 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes cnXK8 in vitro construct 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)CA53 (Warren et al., 1996) Df(2R)cn74c3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn74c6 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn76k3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn77a6 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn78e (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn78j1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn78k5 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn79b2 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn79b9 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, Warren et al., 1996, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn79b13 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn79b14 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn79b18 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn79d10 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn81f6 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn81k3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn81k4 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn81l1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn81l2 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn83b33 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn83c23 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn83d21 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn83l (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn84h (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, Warren et al., 1996, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn84h29 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85c1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85c2 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85d2 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn85d3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85e1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85e3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85f2 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn85f3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn85f4 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn87e61 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn87e94 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn87f65 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn87g18 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88c36 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88c90 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88d6 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88d64 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88e69 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88f5 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88f34a (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88f34b (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88f87 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88f93 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88g43 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88g76 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88g88 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn88h2 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89d4 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89d64 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89d99 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e8 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn89e12 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e16 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e20 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e44 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e52 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e75 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn89e76 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) Df(2R)cn-89e76a (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e84 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn89e104 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn-91l4a (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn-91l4b (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn91l8 (Alexandrova et al., 1996) Df(2R)cn-91l8 (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn-91l13a (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn-92g12a (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn-92g12b (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Df(2R)cn-h3 (Warren et al., 1996) Df(2R)cn-S5 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)cn-S6 (Heitzler et al., 1993, Roote, 1996.8) Df(2R)cn-S8 (Heitzler et al., 1993, Roote, 1996.8) Df(2R)cn-W1 (Watanabe et al., 2009, Watanabe et al., 2009) Df(2R)CS2-1-128 (Sullivan and Rubin, 2002) Df(2R)Drlrv18 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv24 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Exel6054 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)NCX8 (Eeken et al., 2001, Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)NCX9 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)NCX10 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)NCX11 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)NCX13 (Eeken et al., 2001) Df(2R)pk78s (Ashburner et al., 1981) Df(2R)sple-N3 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)ST1 (Eeken et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1981) In(2LR)cn74d5 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2LR)cn85b3 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) In(2LR)cn85d1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) In(2LR)cn88e30 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2LR)cn91l13b (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2LR)pkD1-rv8 (Roote, 1997.6.6) In(2LR)pkD1-rv10 (Roote, 1997.6.6) In(2LR)TE35B-14LScorv1R (Roote et al., 1996, Roote, 1996.8) In(2R)cn79b8 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn81f1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn81l (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn85f1 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991) In(2R)cn88c25 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn88c99 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn88f84 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn88g91 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) In(2R)cn91l28 (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) T(2;3)cn74c7 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) T(2;3)cn88e43 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) T(2;3)cn88f29 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) T(2;3)cn89e48 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) Tp(2;2)cn79d9 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1991, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna)
Duplicated in	Dp(2;3)P32   Dp(2;Y)cn+ (Sullivan et al., 1973)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)C (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2L)C' (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2L)D (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2L)D' (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2L)TW65 (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2L)TW161 (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2R)cos-2 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)cos-3 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv3 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv5 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv7 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv15 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv17 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv20 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv21 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv22 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv25 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv26 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv28 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)Drlrv30 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)DX1 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)DX14 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)EW60 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)H23 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)M41A4 (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2R)M41A8 (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2R)M41A10 (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2R)nap2 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)NCX5 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)pk78k (Ashburner et al., 1981) Df(2R)pk-N5 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)pwn5 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)rl-D (Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989) Df(2R)sple-D1 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)sple-D2 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)sple-D3 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)sple-J1 (Heitzler et al., 1993) Df(2R)sple-J2 (Heitzler et al., 1993) In(2R)CanB287 (Sullivan and Rubin, 2002)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1236} NA P{KK101938} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{GT1}cnBG00944 NA PBac{PB}cnc02385 NA PBac{PB}cnc04208 NA PBac{PB}cnc05363 NA PBac{PB}cnc05410 NA PBac{PB}cnc05628 NA PBac{RB}cne00720 NA PBac{RB}cne03050 NA PBac{WH}cnf00154 NA Transpac{}cnW2 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}cnNP3586 No P{GawB}cnNP7016 No insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}cnd07747 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
ommochrome biosynthetic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Tearle, 1991)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF056031 (FlyBase, 1992-) traceable author statement (Rongvaux et al., 2003)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye pigmentation traceable author statement (Rongvaux et al., 2003) eye pigment biosynthetic process non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) ommochrome biosynthetic process non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) quinolinate biosynthetic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027545 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) tryptophan catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027545 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) traceable author statement (Rongvaux et al., 2003)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions cn allele Gene References cnunspecified bur (Meyer and Edmondson, 1949)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000337
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (40) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6M663C Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6QZ7VB Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6SF82G Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6H70T5 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6P06MV
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6M663C)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\cn     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD15302     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM20758 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG10712 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE23640 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF11693 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA24656 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL11242 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ21127 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI19555 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH21583 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6QZ7VB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL012757   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\kh   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\kh   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ017147
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6SF82G)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB54890   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG009151   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH16694   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP11158   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17058   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL10489   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL11567   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH23487   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB16989   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10205   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI007395   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA006968   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM441230   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000876
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6H70T5)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Kcnip2   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW011595
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6P06MV)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\R07B7.5   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\R07B7.4   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_012242gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\kmo   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\kmo   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KMO   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Kmo   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Kmo   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KMO
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\KMO
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD10220 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM20758 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG10712 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE23640 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF11693 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA24656 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL11242 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ21127 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI19555 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH21583
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2959 )
Bloomington	263 cn1 268 cn35k 267 cn3/Tp(2;Y)C
Harvard	- P{XP}cnd07747 - PBac{PB}cnc05363 - PBac{PB}cnc05410 - PBac{RB}cne00720
Kyoto	103251 cn1 105820 cn1 105824 cn3/Tp(2;Y)C 103252 cn1 bw1
VDRC	v105854 P{KK101938}VIE-260B
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR04B09 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 3 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE32663
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE35393
Other clones	RP004419248
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000337 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35724
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
	Clausen, 8th Sep. 1920.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: cn CG1555 (Gabrielian, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	The white eye colour of the A.aegypti khw mutant (caused by a mutation in Aaeg\KH) is partially complemented by D.melanogaster cn. The cn gene acts in a semi-dominant manner. (Jasinskiene et al., 1998) The white eye colour of the WE strain is caused by a mutation in its kynurenine hydroxylase gene, the wild type cn gene is capable of complementing this mutation. The cn promoter is recognised and the two introns are apparently correctly spliced. (Cornel et al., 1997)
Other Comments
	A modified Dmau\mariner element marked with a wild-type allele of cn is capable of mediating germ-line transformation of A.aegypti. (Coates et al., 1998) Cloning and characterisation of the cn region. (Warren et al., 1996) Lesions in cn block pigmentation in the eye, ocelli, tubule and fat body. (Tearle, 1991) Heterozygotes in all pairwise combinations of 13 EMS-induced alleles exhibit mutant phenotype. Ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutants can be recovered as mosaics in homozygous red background. (Paton and Sullivan, 1978) cn mutants are defective in the uptake of kynurenine by eye discs and Malpighian tubules, where it is normally converted to 3-hydroxykynurenine. (Sullivan et al., 1974) Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase activity proportional to the number of doses of cn+; cn+ therefore concluded to be the structural gene for the enzyme. Enzyme activity is developmentally regulated with a peak of activity in early third instar and a five-fold higher peak in the second half of pupal development. (Sullivan et al., 1973) Even though st has no detectable 3-hydroxykynurenine, it is able to rescue cn mutants in transplants. (Phillips et al., 1970) cn homozygotes are devoid of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase activity. (Ghosh and Forrest, 1967) cn mutants are defective in ommochrome synthesis; blocks conversion of kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine, which has been identified as the cn+ hormone. (Butenandt et al., 1949) Larval Malpighian tubes are pale yellow. (Beadle, 1937) Nonautonomous in development of pigment of transplanted eye discs. (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936) Eye color bright red, like v or st mutants. Ocelli colorless. Eye color darkens with age, but ocelli remain colorless.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078927 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523651 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAC47351 AAF59196 AAK07882 AAL48918 AF317317 AF317318 AF317319 AY071296 AZ933382 BI236592 CZ467909 CZ469073 CZ469911 CZ469953 CZ470141 CZ478570 CZ480819 CZ482641 U56245 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35724 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • A1Z746
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Monooxygenase, FAD-binding (IPR002938) Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (IPR027545) Aromatic-ring hydroxylase-like (IPR003042) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE32663
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000337 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000337 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000337 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1555-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000337 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35724 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000337
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG1555 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Papatsenko et al., 2011) cn (Watanabe et al., 2009, Harris et al., 2011, Engel, 2008, Akdemir et al., 2007, Hoyer et al., 2008, Anaka et al., 2008, Meyer et al., 2008, Lopatina et al., 2008, Tomlinson, 2012) Dmel\cn (Schaeffer et al., 2008)
Name Synonym	cinnabar (Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2007, Harris et al., 2011, Hoyer et al., 2008, Anaka et al., 2008, Lopatina et al., 2008, Maclellan et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 159 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 159 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 101 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 12 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 20 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Teaching note  ( 1 ) Interview  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Kain et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(48): 19834--19839 Phototactic personality in fruit flies and its suppression by serotonin and white. [FBrf0220092] Maclellan et al., 2012, Heredity 108(3): 203--210 Dietary stress does not strengthen selection against single deleterious mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217530] Tomlinson, 2012, J. Comp. Neurol. 520(12): 2676--2682 The origin of the Drosophila subretinal pigment layer. [FBrf0218541] Campesan et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(11): 961--966 The Kynurenine Pathway Modulates Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila Model of Huntington's Disease. [FBrf0214220] Harris et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 194(1): 77--87 Cargo sorting to lysosome-related organelles regulates siRNA-mediated gene silencing. [FBrf0214287] Papatsenko et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(1): e1000584 Clusters of temporal discordances reveal distinct embryonic patterning mechanisms in Drosophila and anopheles. [FBrf0212907] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...