FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\crc

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\crc

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

cryptocephal

Annotation Symbol

CG8669

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000370

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

19 publicly available

Gene Summary

cryptocephal (crc) encodes a protein that belongs to a member of the CREB/ATF family of basic-leucine zipper transcription factors. It serves as an coactivator of the product EcR of to promote expression the molting peptide hormone encoded by ETH. It also acts as an unfolded protein response transcription factor to regulate glycolytic genes in response to ER stress. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

ATF4, l(2)crc, dATF4, ATF-4

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

39C2-39C3

Sequence location

2L:21,310,866..21,319,527 [+]

Recombination map

2-54

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:21310866..21319527

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:EcR; FB:FBgn0000546

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gauthier and Hewes, 2006)

enables transcription coactivator activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:EcR; FB:FBgn0000546

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315883

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315883

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in metamorphosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hewes et al., 2000)

involved_in molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hewes et al., 2000)

involved_in PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Dad1; FB:FBgn0263852

(Zhang et al., 2016)

involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2016)

involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gauthier et al., 2012, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006)

involved_in protein N-linked glycosylation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2016)

involved_in pupariation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hewes et al., 2000)

involved_in pupation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hewes et al., 2000)

involved_in response to starvation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Seo et al., 2009)

involved_in trehalose metabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Seo et al., 2009)

involved_in triglyceride metabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Seo et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315883

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2016)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315883

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

inferred by curator from GO:0003713,GO:0045944

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Basic-leucine zipper domain

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -: The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60-80 amino acid bZIP domain: a basic DNA binding domain followed by a leucine zipper dimerization domain. (Adapted from FBrf0152056).

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

crc: cryptocephal

Homozygotes frequently die as larvae; failure to eliminate chitinous mouthparts at the larval molt frequently results in larvae with suspernumerary mouth parts; homozygotes undergo pupation but rarely eclose from puparia. Imaginal head is not everted from thorax. Except for slightly reduced eyes and shortened legs, wings, and thoracic bristles, the head and thorax are fully differentiated; frequently fail to pass gas bubble to anterior retro-opercular position, thus failing to provide space for head eversion. Head eversion is inhibited by integument being more rigid than normal. Mutant integument contains more glucosamine than normal; Sparrow and Chaddfield unable to confirm (1982, Dev. Genet. 3: 235-45). Feeding glucosamine to wild-type larvae produces a phenocopy very similar to l(2)crc. Abdomen often shows no differentiation, and internal organ development is arrested at pupal stage. Lethality suppressed by su(crc)1 (Sparrow, 1981, Genet. Res. 38: 297-314). RK3.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\crc for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 6.13

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2016, Mackowiak et al., 2015)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

crc-RA

FBtr0081512

NM_080158

1905

381

crc-RB

FBtr0081513

NM_165374

2515

298

crc-RE

FBtr0332001

NM_001273743

2244

381

crc-RF

FBtr0332002

NM_001273744

1878

372

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

crc-PA

FBpp0081040

43.0

381

4.38

NP_524897

AAF53990

crc-PB

FBpp0081041

33.6

298

5.80

NP_724333

AAN11118

crc-PE

FBpp0304323

43.0

381

4.38

NP_001260672

AGB93207

crc-PF

FBpp0304324

42.1

372

4.46

NP_001260673

AGB93208

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

381 aa isoforms: crc-PA, crc-PE

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Basic-leucine zipper domain

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\crc using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

crc_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Hewes et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

wandering third instar larval stage

imaginal disc

(Hewes et al., 2000)

ring gland

(Hewes et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval brain

(Hewes et al., 2000)

larval ventral nerve cord | restricted

Comment: less expression in posterior abdominal neuromeres

(Hewes et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval anterior spiracle

(Hewes et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval salivary gland | restricted

• nucleus

(Hewes et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2016)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{?GawB}crc^R6

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

s-LNv neuron

(Liu et al., 2014, Shafer and Taghert, 2009)

l-LNv neuron

(Shafer and Taghert, 2009)

s-LNv Pdf neuron

(Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007)

Reporter: P{GawB}crc^E8

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

embryonic/larval fat body

(Seo et al., 2009)

adult stage

adult fat body

(Seo et al., 2009)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\crc in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\crc

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\crc

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000370

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0000370

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG8669-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8669

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000370

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\crc

Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 18 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of crc

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of crc

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 57 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 57 )

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2L)061b

(Siegel, 1981)

Df(2L)C

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)D'

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)D

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)DS9

Df(2L)E55

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)E71

(Ganetzky, 1977, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)F

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)hk18

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)hk39

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)pr21

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)pr26

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)pr47

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)pr49

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)pr65

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)pr69

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd14

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd37

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983, Ganetzky, 1977)

Df(2L)Sd57

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd68

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd77

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)TW1

(Hewes et al., 2000, Sparrow, 1981, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW2

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW3

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW9

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW50

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW119

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW130

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW137

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW150

(Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW158

(Ganetzky, 1977, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2R)B

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)M41A4

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)M41A8

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)M41A10

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)rl-D

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

T(2;3)E^HH

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Gene disrupted in

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Siegel, 1981)

(Hewes et al., 2003, Hewes et al., 2000)

Df(2L)Rev8

(Hewes et al., 2000, Hewes et al., 1997)

Df(2L)TW12

(Siegel, 1981, Sparrow, 1981, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW65

(Siegel, 1981, Ganetzky, 1977, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW84

(Siegel, 1981, Sparrow, 1981, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW161

(Hewes et al., 2000, Siegel, 1981, Ganetzky, 1977, Wright et al., 1976)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(2;Y)G

(Sparrow, 1981)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PH

crc^UAS.cHa

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

crc^GD1407

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

crc¹

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

crc^GD1407

partially lethal - majority die (with Df(2L)Rev4)

crc⁹²⁹

partially lethal - majority die (with Df(2L)Rev8)

crc⁹²⁹

partially lethal - majority die (with Df(2L)TW161)

crc⁹²⁹

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

crc^R1

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

crc^GD1407

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

crc^GD1407

viable (with Df(2L)Rev4)

crc^R20

viable (with Df(2L)Rev8)

crc^R20

Sterility

Allele

fertile

crc^EY12903

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal feeding behavior | adult stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Dh44.PU

crc^VDRC.cUa

abnormal feeding behavior | larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

crc^VDRC.cUa

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

crc^JF02007

abnormal starvation stress response

decreased fecundity | female | recessive

crc¹

short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

crc^GD1407

some die during pupal stage | recessive

crc¹

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

crc^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

visible | recessive

crc¹

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult cuticle

crc¹

adult head

adult head | P-stage (with Df(2L)Rev4)

adult head | P-stage (with Df(2L)Rev8)

adult thorax | dorsal

crc¹

anterior pupal spiracle

cephalopharyngeal skeleton (with Df(2L)Rev8)

crc^R6

haltere

crc¹

leg

crc¹

pupa

pupal abdomen

crc¹

pupal abdomen (with Df(2L)Rev4)

pupal abdomen (with Df(2L)Rev8)

scutellar bristle

crc¹

scutellum

crc¹

ventral thoracic disc

wing

crc¹

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

crc^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing disc

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\ATF4

7 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ATF5

5 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Atf4

6 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Atf5

5 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)

Rnor\Atf4

5 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Atf5

4 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

Xtro\atf5.2

5 of 12

Yes

Xtro\atf4

3 of 12

Yes

Xtro\atf5

3 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)

Drer\atf4a

7 of 15

Yes

Drer\atf4b

6 of 15

Yes

Drer\atf5a

5 of 15

Yes

Drer\atf5b

5 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)

Cele\atf-5

3 of 15

Yes

Cele\zip-3

3 of 15

Yes

Cele\atfs-1

2 of 15

Yes

Cele\zip-11

2 of 15

Yes

Cele\zip-5

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\zip-9

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\MET28

2 of 15

Yes

Scer\MET4

1 of 15

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\zip1

1 of 12

Yes

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190C05 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA29007

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL26659

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK18737

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ17848

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI12209

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH13312

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150B2G )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17023191

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY008126

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_13296

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes005044

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL012671

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC000276

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ010022

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0CRL )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS204843-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL013893

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2406634244

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\crc

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP10638

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15213537

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH22323

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:0024a9

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG005065

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_09987

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC000056

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC010216

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC004479

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI002730

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_04015

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0CPK )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR007512

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW019219

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM71247.1

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_221979

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0K81 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Atf4L

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000011762

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

No records found.

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

crc^KK111018

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by park²⁵

(Celardo et al., 2017)

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Celardo et al., 2017)

ameliorates prion disease

modeled by Hsap\PRNP^V129.UAS

(Fernandez-Funez et al., 2017)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ATF4; activating transcription factor 4

7 of 15

604064

ATF5; activating transcription factor 5

5 of 15

606398

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

crc - CG16815

fluorescent resonance energy transfer

(Reinke et al., 2013)

crc - EcR

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

crc - Irbp18

fluorescent resonance energy transfer, two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Reinke et al., 2013)

crc - Xbp1

fluorescent resonance energy transfer

(Reinke et al., 2013)

crc - slbo

fluorescent resonance energy transfer

(Reinke et al., 2013)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Sparrow, 1981)

suppressible

(Sparrow, 1981)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Dad1

suppressible

crc

(Zhang et al., 2016)

EcR

suppressible

crc

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

EcR

enhanceable

crc

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

park

enhanceable

crc

(Celardo et al., 2017)

Pink1

enhanceable

crc

(Celardo et al., 2017)

TFAM

suppressible

crc

(Hunt et al., 2019)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

70925

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000370

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

47767

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-54

Cytogenetic map

39C2-39C3

Sequence location

2L:21,310,866..21,319,527 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

39C2-39C3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k14505^k14505&P{lacW}l(2)k05106^k05106 and P{PZ}l(2)05095a^05095a

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

39C4-39C4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Hewes et al., 2000)

39C2-39C4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Hewes et al., 1997)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-54

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-54.5

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-55 +/- 1

(Hadorn, 1945)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (19)

Bloomington

266

cn¹ crc¹/SM5

12400

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GT1}crc^BG00047

25985

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02007}attP2

34312

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}crc^MI02300

25373

w^*; P{GawB}dimm⁹²⁹ crc⁹²⁹

FlyORF

F000106

M{UAS-crc.ORF.3xHA.GW}ZH-86Fb

F004853

M{UAS-crc.ORF-VNshort}ZH-86Fb

105823

101530

v109014

v2934

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1407}v2934

v2935

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1407}v2935

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (18)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (382)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GH11210

Other clones

RH01327

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000370

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000370

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

47767

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Hunt et al., 2019, Malzer et al., 2018)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: crc ATF-4

(Hewes et al., 1999)

Source for merge of: crc CG8669

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

One or more of the processed transcripts for these genes contain several non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by CG46314 (FBgn0284230) and CG8669 (FBgn0000370).

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2016)

Source for merge of crc CG8669 was sequence comparison ( date:000526 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

Host gene for maternally inherited stable intronic sequence RNA (sisRNA).

(Tay and Pek, 2017)

crc is an EcR receptor coactivator that is specific for the B2 isoform.

(Gauthier et al., 2012)

Changes in expression profiles associated with the unfolded protein response have been analyzed in S2 cells following treatment with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

(Hollien and Weissman, 2006)

crc is a complex genetic locus with two overlapping lethal complementation groups.

(Hewes et al., 2000)

Studies of chitin deposition in the pupal cuticle give no evidence to suggest that crc causes an increase in chitin deposition in the pupal cuticle.

(Sparrow and Chadfield, 1982)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Hadorn, 1942.

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

47767

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000370

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000370

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

crc_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8669

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000370

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

47767

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC000056

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Basic-leucine zipper domain

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG8669

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0000370

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

70925

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000370

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000370

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0000370

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG8669-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000370

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000370

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

47767

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

929

(Schaefer and Taghert, 1995)

ATF-4

(Hewes et al., 1997)

ATF4

(Yu and Hyun, 2021, Braunstein et al., 2020, Kim et al., 2020, Manière et al., 2020, Sorge et al., 2020, Vasudevan et al., 2020, Hunt et al., 2019, Moehlman et al., 2018, Piper and Partridge, 2018, Fernandez-Funez et al., 2017, Tsuda et al., 2017, Kozel et al., 2016, Ryoo, 2015, Bjordal et al., 2014, Coelho et al., 2013)

ATF4/crc

(Hollien and Weissman, 2006)

Atf4

(Cabasso et al., 2019, Napoli et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2016, Kim et al., 2015, Seo et al., 2009)

CG8669

(Hosono et al., 2015, Reinke et al., 2013, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.1.15, Seo et al., 2009, Hollien and Weissman, 2006, Fassler et al., 2002)

Crc

(Stegeman et al., 2016, Kaushik et al., 2012)

DM6

(Reinke et al., 2013)

Ire1

(Kang et al., 2012)

atf4

(Kang et al., 2017)

dATF-4

(Hewes et al., 1999)

dATF4

(Blanco et al., 2020, Garrido-Maraver et al., 2019, Bjordal et al., 2014)

dAtf4

(Celardo et al., 2017)

l(2)crc

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983, Sparrow and Chadfield, 1982, Siegel, 1981, Ganetzky, 1977, Wright et al., 1976, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Name Synonyms

Cryptocephal

(Kim et al., 2015, Gauthier et al., 2012, Dekanty et al., 2010)

cryptocephal

(Kang et al., 2015, Harrop et al., 2014, Park et al., 2008, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0020511
FBgn0032941

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (131)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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