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Gene Dmel\disco

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\disco	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	disconnected	Annotation symbol	CG9908
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000459
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	7 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-53.1
Cytogenetic map	14B3-14B3	Sequence location	X:16,104,631..16,110,779 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene disconnected is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\disco (CG9908, FBgn0000459). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: brain development; eclosion rhythm; locomotor rhythm; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. 25 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; nervous system; external compound sense organ; thoracic segment; cuticle; presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; multi-cell-component structure; peripheral nervous system. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1639940_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of disco. Gene sequence location is X:16104631..16110779.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	disco: disconnected (J.C. Hall and H. Steller) Compound eyes are disconnected from optic ganglia in most mutant individuals, but approximately 5-10% have superficially normal eye-brain connections. Photoreceptor cells initially present but degenerate progressively with age; axons of photoreceptor cells which are still present form plexus beneath the eye. Focus of gene function fate maps to a point well anterior to the focus of either the eye or optic lobe (Fischbach). Adult defect arises as consequence of a defect in the larval visual nerve (Bolwig's nerve) which fails to connect with its target cells in the central nervous system; subsequently, owing to loss of the pioneer function of Bolwig's nerve, retinular axons fail to innevate their target cells in the developing optic lobes leading to massive degeneration of the optic ganglia during the early pupal stages (Steller and Rubin). Slight disarray of embryonic peripheral nervous system detectable; occasional errant neurons seen. Developing CNS appears normal, but adult brain is abnormal in that certain lateral neurons, which normally express per are either absent or do not express per (Zerr et al.). Larval reacts normally to all stimuli except light. All alleles display significantly reduced viability; death occurs in late pupal stages as pharate adults. In tests of circadian rhythms, eclosion and adult locomotor activity are essentially arrhythmic (Dushay et al.). Cyclical expression of per protein, which normally occurs in eyes and brain, is fairly robust in disco, whether eyes connected to the brain or not (Zerr et al.); hence this eye rhythm may be autonomous, i.e., given absence of CNS neuronal staining in mutant adults.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 14B3-14B3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1458&P{EP}EP1522 and P{EP}kat80EP620&P{EP}cazEP1564
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 14B3-14B4   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Heilig et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-53.1
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\disco for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.43
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) disco-RA FBtr0074250  NM_078638   3242   568 disco-RB FBtr0100384  NM_001038758   3067   568
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.9 (northern blot) (Heilig et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein disco-PA   FBpp0074028   62.4   568   6.68     NP_523362   AAF48568 disco-PB   FBpp0099796   62.4   568   6.68     NP_001033847   ABC67185
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	568 (aa); 62 (kD) (Heilig et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF48568   AE014298 ABC67185   AI517034   AW941064   BI570135   BI589542   BI590221   BI590222   BI613158   BI620434   BT003295 AAO25055   CO289379   CO289974   CS133187   EC196370   EC229497   EC229498   EC242165   EV578732   GH943693   GH945639   GH947012   GH950656   GH957596   GH964356   GH964726   GH974046   GH983652   GH984315   X56232 CAA39689
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P23792
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage -- adult stage     (Heilig et al., 1991) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi visual anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 5   organism | 0-10% egg length   (Lee et al., 1991) organism | posterior   (Lee et al., 1991) visual anlage   (Lee et al., 1999) embryonic stage 6   dorsal ectoderm | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) cephalic furrow | anterior to   (Lee et al., 1991) amnioproctodeal invagination   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   dorsal ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   clypeo-labral primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) gnathal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as gnathal lobes anlage embryonic stage 11   proctodeum   (Lee et al., 1991) labral segment   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic mandibular segment   (Robertson et al., 2002) embryonic maxillary segment   (Robertson et al., 2002) embryonic labial segment   (Robertson et al., 2002) ventral thoracic disc primordium   (Robertson et al., 2002) embryonic abdominal segment | restricted   (Robertson et al., 2002) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   atrium | precursor   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as atrium primordium clypeo-labral primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) gnathal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   procephalic segment | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) ectoderm of abdominal segment   (Lee et al., 1991) ectoderm of thoracic segment   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Lee et al., 1999) embryonic stage 11 -- 15   gnathal segment   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 12 -- 15   visceral mesoderm   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   atrium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic epipharynx   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic foregut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 15   ventral nerve cord   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Lee et al., 1991) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval brain | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) imaginal disc   (Lee et al., 1991) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 11 -- 17     (Heilig et al., 1991) Comment:reference states >=6 hr AEL adult stage   adult head   (Heilig et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The disco transcript is first detected in the posterior pole of the cellular blastoderm, and expression in then detected in anterior regions. Following head involution, expression is detected in the gnathal buds, labral and antennal segments as well as in the posterior of the procephalic lobe. Signal is also detected in the ectoderm of the thoracic segments, as well as in the visceral mesoderm. Following germ band retraction, expression in detected in the ventral nerve cord and in a sheet of cells surrounding the gut. (Lee et al., 1991) disco transcripts are first detected at 6hr of embryonic development. They are detected throughout embryonic and larval stages and increase in abundance at each larval molt. Levels remain high in pupae and drop in adults where transcripts are detected at higher levels in head than body RNA. (Heilig et al., 1991)
Marker for
	visual anlage embryonic optic lobe primordium
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 5   organism | 0-10% egg length   (Lee et al., 1991) organism | posterior   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 6   cephalic furrow | anterior to   (Lee et al., 1991) amnioproctodeal invagination   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 10   cephalic furrow | anterior to   (Lee et al., 1991) proctodeum   (Lee et al., 1991) cephalic furrow | posterior to   (Lee et al., 1991) labral segment   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 12 -- 14   procephalic segment | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 12 -- 15   visceral mesoderm   (Lee et al., 1991) gnathal segment   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 13   lateral ectoderm | segmentally repeated   (Lee et al., 1991) thoracic segment | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Lee et al., 1999) embryonic gnathal segment   (Lee et al., 1999) embryonic stage 13 -- 15   cardioblast   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic stage 15   ventral nerve cord   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Lee et al., 1991) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval optic stalk   (Lee et al., 1991) central nervous system | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) ventral thoracic disc   (Lee et al., 1991) embryonic/larval brain | restricted   (Lee et al., 1991) antennal disc   (Lee et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	disco protein expression essentially recapitualtes the disco transcript expression pattern. In addition to the regions marked by in situ hybridization, disco antibody staining detects expression in the cardioblast cells which give rise to the dorsal vessel. A segmentally repeated pattern is also detected in the lateral ectoderm near the peripheral nervous system. Expression is also detected in tissues which give rise to the visual system. (Lee et al., 1991)
Marker for
	embryonic optic lobe primordium visceral mesoderm cardioblast cell embryonic gnathal segment
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Lee et al., 1991)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{lArB}discoC50.1S1 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   lateral ectoderm   (Golembo et al., 1996) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval brain | restricted   (Mukhopadhyay and Campos, 1995) adult stage & oogenesis   oocyte   (Grossniklaus et al., 1989) epithelial sheath   (Grossniklaus et al., 1989) adult stageoogenesis stage S10 -- S14   nurse cell   (Grossniklaus et al., 1989) follicle cell   (Grossniklaus et al., 1989) Reporter: P{PZ}rH222 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   supraesophageal ganglion   (Heilig et al., 1991) Bolwig nerve   (Heilig et al., 1991) larval stage   optic lobe   (Heilig et al., 1991) Reporter: P{PZ}rH875 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   supraesophageal ganglion   (Heilig et al., 1991) Bolwig nerve   (Heilig et al., 1991) larval stage   optic lobe   (Heilig et al., 1991) Reporter: P{PZ}rL219 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   supraesophageal ganglion   (Heilig et al., 1991) Bolwig nerve   (Heilig et al., 1991) larval stage   optic lobe   (Heilig et al., 1991)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    151.875 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    64.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Larval Fat Body    2.4 Larval Salivary Gland    8.4 Larval Trachea    7.425 Larval Carcass    24.675 Adult Head    104.8 Adult Eye    59.125 Adult Brain    61.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5 Adult Crop    80.3 Adult Midgut    25.7 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    11.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.6 Adult Heart    39.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.2 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    8.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40 Adult Carcass    34.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    104.8   NA  Eye    59.125   NA  Brain    61.2   151.875  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.5   NA  Crop    80.3   18  Midgut    25.7   64.2  Hindgut    35.4   5.8  Malpighian Tubules    4.6   2.4  Fat Body    no informative data   8.4  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    39.475   7.425  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    13.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    1.8   NA  Testis    8.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    40   24.675  Carcass    34.3 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    10 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    9 head, mated 20-day male    10 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    15 embryo 06-08hr    19 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    4 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    7 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH27656 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000459 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9908-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for disco Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoC.Scer\UAS discoM.Scer\UAS lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4ey.PS discoC.Scer\UAS lethal | recessive disco1 viable disco1 disco2 disco3 disco4 discorH219 discorK488 discorL222-3 viable, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoC127S.Scer\UAS viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 discoGD1326 Sterility Allele fertile, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoC127S.Scer\UAS Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective disco2 disco3 circadian rhythm defective disco1 disco2 disco1656 locomotor behavior defective | recessive disco1 locomotor rhythm defective disco1 mating rhythm defective | female limited disco3 visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PS discoC.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF discoC.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | recessive disco1 disco2 disco3 disco4 wild-type disco+t22 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS central nervous system | P-stage disco1 cephalopharyngeal skeleton, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS chordotonal organ | P-stage disco1 cone cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF discoC.Scer\UAS dorsal closure embryo, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval optic stalk disco1 extended germ band embryo, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PS discoC.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF discoC.Scer\UAS eye photoreceptor cell & axon & larva disco1 interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF discoC.Scer\UAS lamina | precursor discounspecified l-LNv neuron | P-stage disco1 LN Pdf neuron | larval stage disco1 LNv neuron disco1 mesothoracic neuromere disco1 mesothoracic ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS metathoracic neuromere disco1 metathoracic ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS mouth hooks disco1 multidendritic neuron | larval stage disco1 multidendritic neuron | P-stage disco1 neuron disco1 ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF discoC.Scer\UAS optic lobe discoex-1 discoex-10 discoex-4 discoex-5 optic lobe | precursor discohs.PC optic nerve discoex-1 discoex-10 discoex-4 discoex-5 optic nerve | larval stage disco1 Pdf neuron close to calyx | larval stage disco1 Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum disco1 pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF discoC.Scer\UAS presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system discohs.PC presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system discohs.PC prothoracic neuromere disco1 prothoracic ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS discoM.Scer\UAS sensory neuron & haltere disco1 sensory neuron & leg disco1 sensory neuron & wing disco1
Classical Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of disco Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion disco1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes disco1656 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes disco2 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- disco3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- disco4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- disco165g 0 -- discoC50.1S1 P-element activity 0 Yes discoex-10 Delta2-3 0 Yes discoex-1 Delta2-3 0 Yes discoex-4 Delta2-3 0 Yes discoex-5 Delta2-3 0 Yes discorH219 P-element activity 0 Yes discorK488 P-element activity 0 Yes discorL222-3 P-element activity 0 Yes discounspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of disco Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion discoGD1326 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes discoC127S.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 1 Yes discoJF03074 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes discoM.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes disco+t22 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes disco8.7 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes discoC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes discodsRNA.cMa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes discodsRNA.cMb in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes discohs.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)4b18 (Mahaffey et al., 2001) Df(1)19 (Steller et al., 1987) Df(1)80g7d (Dushay et al., 1989) Df(1)XR14 (Mahaffey et al., 2001, Zhai et al., 2009) Dp(1;4)81f20a (Heilig et al., 1991) Dp(1;4)81j6e (Heilig et al., 1991)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1326} NA P{TRiP.JF03074} NA P{UAS-disco.C127S} NA P{UAS-disco.C} NA P{UAS-disco.M} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-disco} NA characterization construct P{disco-8.7} NA P{disco-22} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lArB}discoC50.1S1 No P{lArB}discorH219 No P{lArB}discorK488 No P{lArB}discorL222-3 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Lee et al., 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
brain development inferred from mutant phenotype (Blanchardon et al., 2001) eclosion rhythm inferred from mutant phenotype (Sokolowski, 2001) locomotor rhythm inferred from mutant phenotype (Sokolowski, 2001, Blanchardon et al., 2001) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Lee et al., 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Lee et al., 1991)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:U88064 (FlyBase, 1992-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
brain development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.11.1) circadian rhythm non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) photoreceptor cell maintenance non-traceable author statement (Hidalgo, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:U88064 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.11.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
disco - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions disco allele Gene References disco1 disco-r (Mahaffey et al., 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 58921 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000459 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000459 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32579 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P23792
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (0) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (None identified)
No orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (9) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM12971 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG19342 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE15986 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF17143 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA22115 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK25665 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ18548 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI10902 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH12158
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 7 )
Bloomington	5682 disco1 6846 y1 w*; P{UAS-disco.M}II/CyO 6847 y1 w*; P{UAS-disco.C127S}II 28659 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03074}attP2
Kyoto	108361 disco1
VDRC	v7002 w1118 P{GD1326}v7002 v7001 w1118; P{GD1326}v7001
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR03G18 BACR06P10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 25 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH27656
Other clones	DPiM_GH27656
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH02390 RH02978 RH03813 RH03814 RH42253 RH51579
Other clones	CK01.33C.E8 CK01.33C.F2 CK01.90B.C3 CK01.93A.B4 Dmel_dig_017867_0592_0753 EK070910 EK072738 RP004054978 RP004170874 RP004198966 RP004206854 RP004214286 RP004229069 RP004248318 RP004370831 RP004500791 RP004504763
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000459 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32579
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Lee et al., 1991)
Other Information
Discoverer
	K. Fischbach and M. Heisenberg.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	Not allelic to bss or eas, two closely linked behavioral mutants in 14B4-13; order = disco eas bss.
Other Comments
	DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for disco protein in 0-12 hr embryos; see mE1_TFBS_disco collection report. (Negre et al., 2011) disco and disco-r appear to have redundant functions during development of the larval head. Presence of either gene is sufficient for normal development of the mandibular, maxillary and labial lobes. (Mahaffey et al., 2001) Absence of both disco and disco-r disrupts development in the mandibular, maxillary and labial lobes. (Mahaffey et al., 2001) disco expression in the optic lobe primordium is dependant on an autoregulatory feedback loop. (Lee et al., 1999) Mutations disrupt neural cell patterning in the visual system, leading to the loss of many optic lobe neurons. The presence of a single ventral lateral neurons (LNV) is sufficient to provoke robust circadian rhythmicity in locomotor activity if the LNV terminals reach the superior protocerebrum. (Helfrich-Forster, 1998) The development of an identified serotonergic aborization that projects from the central brain has been analysed. Using mutations of disco that impair the connectivity of the larval optic nerve to the larval neuropil centre it is concluded that neither cell viability nor the initial outgrowth of this projection depends on the presence of the larval optic nerve. Aborization of the projection within the larval optic neuropil requires the presence of the larval optic nerve. (Mukhopadhyay and Campos, 1995) Genetic mosaic analysis demonstrates that R cell degeneration in disco mutant does not depend on the genotype of cells in the eye and is strictly correlated with the failure of R cells to project to the optic ganglia. Retinal degeneration can be rescued by the establishment of connections with disorganized optic lobes. (Campos et al., 1992) disco flies are rhythmic, indicating they have an active circadian pacemaker that can be entrained by light. Analysis of mutants suggests they block or interfere with elements of the circadian system located between the central pacemaker and its outputs that mediate overt rhythms. (Hardin et al., 1992) Increasing the copy number of disco+ has no major effect on development. (Heilig et al., 1991) Fas3, mys, disco, zip, l(2)gl, N and Egfr mutants show an additive phenotype in combination with Fas1TE89Da. (Elkins et al., 1990) disco mutants sing in an essentially normal manner, although their locomotor activity is largely arrhythmic. (Hall, 1990) Mutant analysis suggests that light normally triggers the coupling of multiple ultradian oscillators into a functional circadian clock and that this process is disrupted in disco mutant flies as a result of the neural lesion. (Dowse et al., 1989) disco mutants have a characteristic deformed eye: the absence of the Bolwig nerve in larvae prevents retinula axons from finding their way to the optic lobe. (Freeman et al., 1989) Mosaic analysis and fate mapping data concludes that the primary defect responsible for the adult disco phenotype is a failure of Bolwig's nerve to contact its correct target cells during embryonic development. (Steller et al., 1987) The adult phenotype of disco is caused by a pathfinding defect of a larval pioneer nerve. disco is required for the navigation of a specific subset of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Phenotypic analyses and genetic mosaic experiments suggest that disco mutations affect the nerve rather than the target in the CNS or cells guiding the nerve's growth cone. (Steller et al., 1987)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078638 NM_001038758 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523362 NP_001033847 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF48568 AAF48568.1 AAO25055 ABC67185 AI517034 AW941064 BT003295 CAA39689 CS133187 X56232 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 32579 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P23792
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH27656
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 58921 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000459 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000459 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000459 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000459 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9908-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000459 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32579 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32579 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000459 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P23792
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG9908 (Legube et al., 2006, Mohammad et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009) disc (Lindsley and Zimm, 1986) disco (Sanders et al., 2008, Lee et al., 1999, Dey et al., 2009, Nègre et al., 2011, Bellen et al., 2011, Southall and Brand, 2009, Choksi et al., 2006, Patel et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2007, Ayroles et al., 2009, Hall, 2003, Fang et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2009, Blanchardon et al., 2001, T et al., 2008, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Yoshii et al., 2005, Curtis et al., 2007, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Kazemian et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010) Disco (Pearson et al., 2005, Stöbe et al., 2009)
Name Synonym	disconnected (Dey et al., 2009, Chicoine et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Patel et al., 2007, Hall, 2003, Blanchardon et al., 2001, T et al., 2008, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Zhou et al., 2005) Disconnected (Nègre et al., 2011)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBpp0074028 FBtr0074250
References ( 139 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 139 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 73 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 28 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 18 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Zeng et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res. 40(13): 5848--5863 Genome-wide polycomb target gene prediction in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218974] Bellen et al., 2011, Genetics 188(3): 731--743 The Drosophila gene disruption project: progress using transposons with distinctive site specificities. [FBrf0214229] Nègre et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 527--531 A cis-regulatory map of the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0213303] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...