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Gene Dmel\Dr

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Dr	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Drop	Annotation symbol	CG1897
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000492
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	82 publicly available
Also Known As	Msh, msh-1, Msx
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-99.2
Cytogenetic map	99B3-99B3	Sequence location	3R:25,382,108..25,390,966 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Drop is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Dr (CG1897, FBgn0000492). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: glial cell development; dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc; negative regulation of gene expression; wing and notum subfield formation; imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development; brain development; imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; regulation of cell fate specification; wing disc pattern formation. 59 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: hypodermal muscle of larval abdomen; organ system; ISN innervated muscle of A1-7; A1-7 transverse muscle; thoracic segment; hypodermal muscle of metathorax; organ system subdivision; A1-7 ventral acute muscle 2; hypodermal muscle of larval abdominal 2; embryonic/larval neuron. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Homeobox, conserved site; Homeodomain; Homeodomain, metazoa; Homeodomain-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval salivary gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system, adult hindgut, larval/adult fat body, adult spermathecae, adult male accessory gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1641137_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Dr. Gene sequence location is 3R:25382108..25390966.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Dr: Drop Heterozygotes have extremely reduced numbers of facets, 1-10 in the case of Dr1 and DrA; ~30 facets coalesce to give shiny, dark red appearance in DrMio; five to seven rhabdomeres per ommatidium section; some rhabdomeres fuse. Developing eye disc reduced in size; morphogenetic furrow uneven; few clusters of presumptive photoreceptor cells; arrangement disturbed; microvillar caps blurred and diffuse(Renfranz and Benzer, 1989, Dev. Biol. 136: 411-29).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 99B3-99B3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0674306743 and P{PZ}ncd05884
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 99B-99B     (Isshiki, 1997.6.17) 99B1-99B2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) 99B-99B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Lord et al., 1995)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-99.2 (Krivshenko, 1954) 3- (Buescher and Chia, 1997)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	e (Buescher and Chia, 1997)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Dr for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Dr-RA FBtr0085441  NM_057976   2552   515
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.7 (northern blot) (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996, Lord et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Dr-PA   FBpp0084807   54.2   515   8.58     NP_477324   AAF56902
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	515 (aa) (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996, Isshiki et al., 1997) 437 (aa); 48 (kD predicted) (Lord et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeodomain (IPR001356) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain, metazoa (IPR020479)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201294   AE014297 AAF56902   AC008218   AC009888   AF009038 AAB62975   AW941547   AY069324 AAL39469   BI366145   BI374003   CO179670   CO269295   CO281241   CO315738   CO329946   CO330106   EC067410   EC078922   EC084487   EC084715   EC197230   EC226773   M38582 AAA28611   U33319 AAC47329   X85331 CAA59680
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q03372
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4 -- 6   central brain anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi ventral ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi antennal anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi visual anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 5 -- 8   lateral ectoderm   (Isshiki et al., 1997) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as ventral nerve cord anlage embryonic stage 8   ventral nerve cord primordium   (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 12   ventral nerve cord primordium   (Isshiki et al., 1997) embryonic stage 10 -- 11   neuroblast NB6-4   (Isshiki et al., 1997) neuroblast NB5-4   (Isshiki et al., 1997) peripheral glial cell | precursor   (Isshiki et al., 1997) embryonic stage 11   neuroblast NB2-4   (Isshiki et al., 1997) salivary gland body primordium   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) neuroblast NB4-3   (Isshiki et al., 1997) neuroblast NB3-4   (Isshiki et al., 1997) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   gnathal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) salivary gland body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) somatic muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) stomatogastric nervous system primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral sensory complex anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   atrium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic head epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic rectum   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stomatogastric nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral imaginal precursor   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral sensory complex primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval hindgut   (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic/larval foregut   (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic/larval fat body   (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic stage & pupal stage & adult stage     (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic stage -- adult stage     (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic stage 4   lateral ectoderm   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic stage 5 -- 8   lateral ectoderm   (Lord et al., 1995) dorsal ectoderm   (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   optic lobe | precursor   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic brain | precursor   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic stage 10 -- 12   neuroblast   (Lord et al., 1995, D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic stage 11 -- 13   somatic mesoderm   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) external sensory organ precursor cell   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic/larval fat body   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) embryonic stage 12 -- 15   somatic mesoderm   (Lord et al., 1995) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Lord et al., 1995) central nervous system   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Dr transcripts are detected at all stages tested except third instar larvae on northern blots. A peak of expression occurs in 8-12hr embryos. By in situ hybridization, transcripts are first detected at stage 5 of embryogenesis in a bilateral series of segmentally repeated bands of dorsal lateral ectodermal cells. At around stage 8, this is replaced with a transient ventral lateral band of Dr expression extending along most of the germ band. In stage 10, expression is seen in segmentally repeated clusters of neuroblasts in the thoracic and abdominal segments. By stage 12, in addition to strong expression in segregated neuroblasts, expression is seen in clusters of mesodermal cells. By stage 13, expression is primarily in the CNS and in the developing somatic musculature (corresponding mostly to the developing dorsal and lateral somatic body wall muscles). Expression is also seen in the foregut, hindgut, and fat body. (Lord et al., 1995) Neurectodermal expression of Dr begins in embryonic stage 5 as discontinuous patches in several segments that later extend and merge to form stripes the length of the embryo. The Dr-expression domain corresponds roughly to the dorsal half of the neurectoderm. From this region, 4 S1 neuroblasts of the lateral column delaminate and strong Dr expression is seen in only one of these. This expression is transient and disappears by stage 9. At stage 10, expression is seen in many dorsal S3-S5 neuroblasts and in their putative neurectodermal proneural clusters. Expression is also seen in some of their immediate progeny. All are from the dorsal half of the neurogenic ectoderm but not all neuroblasts in this region express Dr. (Isshiki et al., 1997) Dr transcripts are detected at all stages tested except 0-2hr embryos on northern blots. The highest levels of expression are seen in embryos. A detailed description of the spatial pattern of expression in the embryo is given. In summary, expression is first observed at the cellular blastoderm stage in the lateral ectoderm and evolves into a pattern of eight stripes. The lateral expression prefigures the appearance of lateral proneural clusters of the CNS. During the first wave of neuroblast segregation, expression is restricted to delaminating neuroblasts (1 in 4 lateral neuroblasts per hemisegment express Dr) and is excluded from ectodermal cells. Subsequent waves of neuroblast segregation are also preceded by Dr expression in cell clusters in the the lateral neurectoderm. Dr is also expressed in sensory organ precursors of the PNS. Three additional sites of Dr in the embryonic ectoderm include the precursors to the stomatogastric neurons, the region that will give rise to neurons of the brain and optic lobes, and the salivary gland placodes. Dr expression is seen in dorsal mesodermal cells that will give rise to dorsal body wall muscles and ventral-lateral mesodermal cells that will give rise to fat body. In wing discs, Dr is expressed in a highly restricted pattern. Highest expression occurs in three patches of cells in the prospective dorsal hinge region, two of which include proneural clusters. Areas of weaker expression include a row of cells that will develop into sensilla of the anterior wing margin. (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 9 -- 11   ventral neurectoderm & embryonic intercalary segment | dorsal   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) tritocerebral neuroblast | dorsal & subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) procephalic neuroblast | dorsal & subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) ventral neurectoderm & embryonic antennal segment | dorsal   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) deuterocerebral neuroblast | dorsal & subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d4-8; deuterocerebrum - d2-13 (Urbach and Technau, 2003)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Chatterjee et al., 2011)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval salivary gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system, adult hindgut, larval/adult fat body, adult spermathecae, adult male accessory gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland    570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop    554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland  (570.5) Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop  (554.1) Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland    570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop    554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland    570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop    554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland    570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop    554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland  570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop  554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland    570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop    554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    166 Larval Midgut    1.5 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    162.1 Larval Salivary Gland    570.5 Larval Trachea    5.8 Larval Carcass    58.025 Adult Head    123.1 Adult Eye    19.925 Adult Brain    44 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9 Adult Crop    554.1 Adult Midgut    1 Adult Hindgut    151.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.8 Adult Fat Body    326.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    80.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2 Adult Ovary    0.8 Adult Testis    23.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    214.3 Adult Carcass    81.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    123.1   NA  Eye    19.925   NA  Brain    44   166  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    97.9   NA  Crop    554.1   1.5  Midgut    1   26.5  Hindgut    151.7   1.7  Malpighian Tubules    3.8   162.1  Fat Body    326.7   570.5  Salivary Gland    4.4   NA  Heart    80.025   5.8  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    385.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    299.2   NA  Ovary    0.8   NA  Testis    23.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    214.3   58.025  Carcass    81.6 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (32) central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    32 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    7 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr  (31) embryo 08-10hr  26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr  31 embryo 08-10hr  26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    16 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    25 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    4 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    13 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD04235 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000492 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1897-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dr Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal DrScer\UAS.cLa lethal, with Scer\GAL469B DrScer\UAS.cLa lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF DrScer\UAS.cIa lethal, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 DrScer\UAS.cIa lethal, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cLa lethal (with Df(3R)KE) DrL2 Drr7 Drr11 Drr54 Drr55 Drr60 Drr62 Drr65 lethal (with DrL2) Drltt-EMS lethal (with Drltt-EMS) DrL2 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive Dr1 DrL DrlacZ-Δ89 Drltt-2-x Drltt-4-D Drltt-4-E Drltt-5-A DrMio DrΔ60 DrΔ68 DrΔ138 lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa lethal | pupal stage | somatic clone, with Df(3L)iro-DFM3, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrdsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage | somatic clone | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa lethal | recessive Dr1 Dr1E1 Dr1E2 Dr1E3 DrFA30 Drltt-EMS DrME4 DrME8 DrME10 DrMio Drmr21 DrRXT1 DrRXT2 DrRXT10 DrRXT15 partially lethal - majority die DrΔ68 viable DrA viable, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 DrScer\UAS.cIa viable, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DrGD1422 viable (with Df(3R)KE) Dr1 DrMio DrR10 DrR21 DrR22 DrR53 DrR59 viable (with Dr1) Drltt-EMS viable (with Drltt-EMS) Dr1 DrMio viable (with DrMio) Drltt-EMS viable | reduced DrME9 DrME10 DrME11 DrMio DrRXT1 DrRXT2 DrRXT12 DrRXT15 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective DrScer\UAS.cLa increased cell death | dominant DrMio locomotor behavior defective Dr1 Dr1E1 Dr1E2 Dr1E3 DrME4 DrME8 DrME9 DrME10 DrME11 DrMio DrRXT1 DrRXT2 DrRXT12 DrRXT15 Minute DrΔ68 Minute | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrdsRNA.Scer\UAS DrScer\UAS.cIa mitotic cell cycle defective DrΔ68 neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage DrΔ68 neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 12 DrlacZ-Δ89 DrΔ68 neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 15 | recessive DrlacZ-Δ89 uncoordinated (with Dr1) DrMio uncoordinated (with Dr1E1) DrMio uncoordinated (with Dr1E2) DrMio uncoordinated (with Dr1E3) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrME4) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrME8) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrME9) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrME10) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrME11) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrMio) Dr1 Dr1E1 Dr1E2 Dr1E3 DrME4 DrME8 DrME9 DrME10 DrME11 DrRXT1 DrRXT10 DrRXT12 DrRXT15 uncoordinated (with DrRXT1) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrRXT10) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrRXT12) DrMio uncoordinated (with DrRXT15) DrMio visible Dr1E1 Dr1E2 Dr1E3 DrL DrME4 DrME8 DrME9 DrME10 DrME11 DrMioP19 DrRXT1 DrRXT2 DrRXT12 DrRXT15 visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa visible, with Scer\GAL4C-765 DrScer\UAS.cIa visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DrGD1422 visible | dominant Dr1 DrL2 DrL DrMio Drunspecified visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa visible | recessive DrFA30 visible | recessive | somatic clone DrΔ68 visible | semidominant DrA visible | somatic clone DrΔ68 wild-type DrRXT5 DrRXT14 Phenotype manifest in Allele A1-7 dorsal acute muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 dorsal oblique muscle 1 | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 6, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 1 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 1 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 2 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 2 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 3 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 3 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 4 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 4 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 5 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 5 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 6 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 6 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 5, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa abdominal 7 ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 ventral acute muscle 2 DrΔ68 abdominal 7 ventral acute muscle 3 DrΔ68 abdominal 8 dorsal transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa aCC neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa alula | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68 alula | ventral, with Scer\GAL4C-765 DrScer\UAS.cIa apodeme | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa basal procephalic longitudinal glia cluster | embryonic stage 12 DrΔ68 DrlacZ-Δ89 cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa cardioblast | ectopic DrlacZ-Δ89 chaeta | ectopic | somatic clone DrΔ68 clasper | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa clasper long bristle | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa commissure Drunspecified commissure, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa deutero/tritocerebral embryonic fiber tract founder cluster | embryonic stage 12 DrΔ68 DrlacZ-Δ89 dorsal acute muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa dorsal oblique muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa dorsal transverse muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa ejaculatory duct | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa embryonic/larval cervical connective | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cLa embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 embryonic/larval tritocerebral commissure | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 embryonic glial cell & embryonic deutocerebrum & stage 12 embryo DrΔ68 embryonic glial cell & embryonic tritocerebrum & stage 12 embryo DrΔ68 embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa embryonic tritocerebrum | embryonic stage 12 DrΔ68 embryonic tritocerebrum | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 DrlacZ-Δ89 eye Dr1 Dr1E1 Dr1E2 Dr1E3 DrA DrFA30 DrL DrL2 DrME10 DrME11 DrME4 DrME8 DrME9 DrMio DrMioP19 DrRXT1 DrRXT12 DrRXT15 DrRXT2 Drunspecified eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF DrScer\UAS.cIa five-cell ommatidial precursor cluster DrMio fpCC neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa frontal connective | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 genital arch | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa genital disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa glial cell DrlacZ-Δ89 heart primordium DrlacZ-Δ89 heart primordium, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa hypandrium | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa hypodermal muscle of larval abdominal 9, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa lateral plate | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa lens, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa longitudinal connective Drltt-2-x Drltt-4-D Drltt-4-E Drltt-5-A Drltt-EMS Drunspecified longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa macrochaeta Dr1 Dr1E1 Dr1E2 Dr1E3 DrME10 DrME11 DrME4 DrME8 DrME9 DrMio DrRXT1 DrRXT12 DrRXT15 DrRXT2 male accessory gland | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa medial cell body glial cell DrΔ68 medial-most cell body glial cell DrΔ68 mesothoracic dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 mesothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 mesothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DrGD1422 mesothoracic tergum | pharate adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic dorsal acute muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 metathoracic dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 metathoracic dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic lateral longitudinal muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 1 DrΔ68 metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 2 DrΔ68 metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 3 DrΔ68 metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 4 DrΔ68 metathoracic lateral transverse muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa metathoracic ventral acute muscle 1 DrΔ68 morphogenetic furrow, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrScer\UAS.cIa neuroblast NB6-4 DrΔ68 neuron | embryonic stage DrΔ68 neuropil associated CNS glial cell | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 ommatidium Dr1E1 Dr1E3 DrA DrMio Drunspecified pCC neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa pericardial cell | ectopic DrlacZ-Δ89 posterior lobe | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | embryonic stage 15 DrΔ68 prothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 1 DrΔ68 prothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 2 DrΔ68 prothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa prothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 4, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa RP2 motor neuron Drltt-2-x Drltt-4-D Drltt-4-E Drltt-5-A Drltt-EMS Drunspecified RP2 motor neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa scutellum | somatic clone DrΔ68 scutum | somatic clone DrΔ68 segment border muscle DrΔ68 segment border muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B DrScer\UAS.cIa sensillum campaniformium of proximal dorsal radius | somatic clone DrΔ68 tegula | somatic clone DrΔ68 testis | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DrGD1422 U neuron Drunspecified U neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa vas deferens | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pen-NP6333 DrVDRC.cUa ventral midline, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing | pharate adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing hinge | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing margin | anterior | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing margin | anterior | ventral, with Scer\GAL4C-765 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing sclerite | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing sensillum | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing vein, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing vein L2 | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing vein L3 | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing vein L3 | ventral, with Scer\GAL4C-765 DrScer\UAS.cIa wing vein L4 | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68 wing vein L5 | dorsal | somatic clone DrΔ68
Classical Alleles ( 48 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Dr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Dr1 gain of function allele X ray 62 Yes DrMio gain of function allele nitrogen mustard 17 Yes DrME10 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrME11 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrME4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrME8 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrME9 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Dr1E1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Dr1E2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Dr1E3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrA X ray 0 -- DrFA30 P-element activity 0 -- DrL2 gamma ray 0 -- DrL X ray 0 -- DrlacZ-Δ89 P-element activity 0 Yes Drltt-2-x gamma ray 0 -- Drltt-4-D gamma ray 0 -- Drltt-4-E gamma ray 0 -- Drltt-5-A gamma ray 0 -- Drltt-EMS loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrMioP10 P-element activity Delta2-3 0 Yes DrMioP19 P-element activity 0 Yes Drmr21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrR10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Drr11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrR21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes DrR22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes DrR53 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Drr54 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Drr55 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrR59 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Drr60 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Drr62 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Drr65 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Drr7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- DrrH96 P-element activity 0 -- DrRXT10 X ray 0 -- DrRXT12 X ray 0 -- DrRXT14 X ray 0 -- DrRXT15 X ray 0 -- DrRXT1 X ray 0 -- DrRXT2 X ray 0 -- DrRXT5 X ray 0 -- DrSOD54 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Drunspecified 0 -- DrΔ138 P-element activity 0 Yes DrΔ60 P-element activity 0 Yes DrΔ68 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Dr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DrGD1422 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DrHMS02584 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DrJF02122 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DrdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrKK107967 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrKr FLPase 0 Yes DrNIG.1897R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrScer\FRT.Kr in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrScer\UAS.cIa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrVDRC.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Dr-rv1 (Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 1997.1.15) Df(3R)Dr-RXT13 (Tearle et al., 1994) Df(3R)ED6316 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)KE (Mozer and Easwarachandran, 1999, Mozer, 2001) Df(3R)L127 (Buescher and Chia, 1997)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)B81 (Buescher and Chia, 1997) Df(3R)Ice (Xu et al., 2006) Df(3R)Ptp99AR3 (Mozer and Easwarachandran, 1999)
Duplicated in	Ts(YSt;3Rt)B226 (Jurgens and Weigel, 1988) Ts(YSt;3Rt)J116 (Jurgens and Weigel, 1988)
Not duplicated in	Dp(3;1)Dr-RXT11 (Jurgens and Weigel, 1988)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1422} NA P{KK107967} NA P{NIG.1897R} NA P{TRiP.HMS02584} NA P{TRiP.JF02122} NA reporter construct P{Dr-lacZ.A} No P{msh2a-lacZ} No P{msh2amut-lacZ} No P{msh2b-lacZ} No P{msh2c-lacZ} No P{msh2d-lacZ} No P{msh2-lacZ} No P{mshI-lacZ} No characterization construct P{Kruppel(FRT.stop)-Dr} NA P{Kruppel(-FRT)-Dr} NA P{VDRC.Dr.U} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}DrMioP10 No P{lacW}DrMioP19 No P{lacZ-un1}DrrH96 No miscellaneous insertions 3S18{?'}DrR10 NA 3S18{?'}DrR21 NA 3S18{?'}DrR22 NA 3S18{?'}DrR53 NA 3S18{}DrMio NA P{5'lacZ}DrlacZ-Δ89 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
brain development inferred from mutant phenotype (Sprecher and Hirth, 2006) dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc inferred from mutant phenotype (Milan et al., 2001) glial cell development inferred from mutant phenotype (Urbach et al., 2006, Sprecher and Hirth, 2006) imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development inferred from mutant phenotype (Chatterjee et al., 2011) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Milan et al., 2001) negative regulation of gene expression inferred from mutant phenotype (Seibert and Urbach, 2010) regulation of cell fate specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Jagla et al., 2002) wing and notum subfield formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Villa-Cuesta and Modolell, 2005) wing disc pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Villa-Cuesta and Modolell, 2005)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Chatterjee et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity with mouse Msx1 (FlyBase, 1992-) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001356, InterPro:IPR017970 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q03357 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
brain development traceable author statement (Urbach and Technau, 2004) central nervous system development non-traceable author statement (Ball et al., 2004) dorsal/ventral pattern formation traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003, Urbach and Technau, 2004) ectoderm development traceable author statement (Urbach and Technau, 2004) muscle organ development traceable author statement (Dworak and Sink, 2002) neuroblast fate determination traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003) pattern specification process non-traceable author statement (Ball et al., 2004) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001356, InterPro:IPR012287, InterPro:IPR017970 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Cripps and Olson, 2002) ventral cord development non-traceable author statement (Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002) traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q03357 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Dr allele Gene References DrMio amos (Heberlein et al., 1993) DrR10 l(3)CB24 (Mozer, 2001) DrR21 l(3)CB24 (Mozer, 2001) DrR22 l(3)CB24 (Mozer, 2001) DrR53 l(3)CB24 (Mozer, 2001) DrScer\UAS.cIa ap (Milan et al., 2001) unspecified l(3)CB24 (Mozer, 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 69563 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000492 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 45285
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (61) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6J3X3P Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6QC1G3 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG673NNX Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6T76JR Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6C8MN8
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6J3X3P)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Dr     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD21441 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM17434     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM12794 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG11670 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE23858 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF23351 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15116 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL13893 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK11900 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ10606 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI23117 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH18901 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6QC1G3)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL006593   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP003669   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ004106
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG673NNX)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC724412   Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Msx   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016888   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG023773   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH11493   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH11491   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23865   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23868   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21170   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21156   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13864   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13847   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13865   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH25154   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH25153   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB10978   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB11503   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB11502   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB10977   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB10976   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24676   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24674   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI27662   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA014516   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA010695   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM439880   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC011744   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC012748
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6T76JR)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW012498   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW005496
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6C8MN8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\vab-15   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_022049gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\msxb   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\msxd   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\msxe   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\msxc   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\msx2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\msx1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MSX2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\GHOX-7   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Msx1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Msx2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Msx1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Msx2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MSX2
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\MSX2
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD21441 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM12794 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG11670 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE23858 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF23351 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15116 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL13893 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11900 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ10606 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI23117 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH18901
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 82 )
Bloomington	560 Pr1 Dr1/TM3 406 DrMio/TMS, P{Δ2-3}99B 1610 w*; Dr1/TMS, P{Δ2-3}99B 26224 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02122}attP2 3644 TM3, Sb1/TM6B, Tb1 DrMio
Kyoto	105896 Dr1/TMS, P{Δ2-3}99B 105980 Pr1 Dr1/TM3 106416 w*; Dr1/TMS, P{Δ2-3}99B 107153 TM3, Sb1/TM6B, Tb1 DrMio 101655 In(1)wm4h ; Pr1 Dr1 / TM3 106308 pn1; ry506 Dr1 P{Δ2-3}99B/TM6
VDRC	v7791 w1118; P{GD1422}v7791
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR10L12 BACR48O23 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 15 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD04235
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE51610 RE61493
Other clones	35458 39347 159301 191644 192094 CK01.123C.E4 EK060203 EK094050 EK156256 EK262341 EK294225 EK294538
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000492 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45285
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	'Lottchen' is the name of twins in the book 'Das doppelte Lottchen' by Erich Kaestner. (Buescher and Chia, 1997)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: msh CG1897 (Wang, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Dr msh (Mozer, 2001) Source for merge of: ltt msh (Udolph et al., 1998)
Additional comments	"Dlw" mutations may be regulatory mutants of the Dr gene; "Dr" gain-of-function mutants contain lesions in the same region as "Dlw" mutants (several kb upstream of the transcription start site), DrΔ68 is lethal in combination with Dlw1, Dlw3 or Dlw4 and the level of Dr mRNA is reduced throughout the wing pouch in Dlw1 mutants (which may account for the loss of function characteristics seen in homozygous Dlw1 mutant clones). (Milan et al., 2001)
Other Comments
	Cross-repressive interactions between the "identity genes" lbe, lbl, Dr and eve are essential for the specification of cardiac and muscular fates in the developing embryo. (Jagla et al., 2002) Dr is both necessary and sufficient to confer dorsal fate in wing development and acts downstream of ap. (Milan et al., 2001) The Dr mutants are cis-regulatory alleles of stg, as well as alleles of Dr. (Mozer and Easwarachandran, 1999) "Dr" mutants are always double hits in two genes, one of which is "stg". (Mozer, 1998.3.17) Dr is expressed in the dorsal and lateral domains of muscle progenitors and is required for the specification of the progenitor cells. Ectopic expression of Dr in the entire mesoderm inhibits the proper development of the normally Dr-negative muscle progenitors in the dorsolateral domain. Results suggest Dr plays a role in regional specification of muscle progenitors/founders. (Nose et al., 1998) Ectopic expression of Dr in the entire neuroectoderm severely disrupts the development of the midline and ventral neuroblasts. (Isshiki et al., 1997) Dr is required for the correct development of dorsal neuroblasts in the embryo. (Isshiki et al., 1997) Expression of Dr in the neuroectoderm prefigures the formation of proneural clusters. Dr expression also prefigures invagination centres of the stomatogastric nervous system. Dr is regulated by the dorsoventral patterning genes Egfr and dpp in early embryos. Ectodermal and mesodermal Dr expression depend on wg and hh. (D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996) Normal expression and the effects of ectopic expression of Dr gene suggest a role in differentiation and patterning of embryonic muscles. (Lord et al., 1995) Genetic analysis of the Dr locus suggests it defines a novel regulator of stg. (Mozer, 1995) Genetic analysis of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and irradiation induced revertants reveal that the Dr mutations define two loci: Dr, defined by Dr1 and DrMio and Wedge, defined by Wedge1. Interactions between Dr revertant alleles and stg demonstrate they are separate loci. (Tearle et al., 1994) Dr has a role during embryogenesis. Clonal analysis of lethal revertant alleles suggest Dr has a role in eye development, required by the developing photoreceptor cells. (Tearle et al., 1994) The Dr homeobox sequence has been used as a probe to isolate a homologous mouse gene, called Hox-7. (Robert et al., 1989) The DNA sequences of the homeobox region of 11 Drosophila genes, including Dr, have been compared. (Gehring, 1987) Heterozygotes have extremely reduced numbers of facets, 1-10 in the case of Dr1 and DrA; about 30 facets coalesce to give shiny, dark red appearance in DrMio; five to seven rhabdomeres per ommatidium section; some rhabdomeres fuse. Developing eye disc reduced in size; morphogenetic furrow uneven; few clusters of presumptive photoreceptor cells; arrangement disturbed; microvillar caps blurred and diffuse (Renfranz and Benzer, 1989).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057976 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477324 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA201294 AAA28611 AAB62975 AAC47329 AAF56902 AAL39469 AC008218 AC009888 AF009038 AW941547 AY069324 CAA59680 M38582 U33319 X85331 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 45285 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q03372
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeodomain (IPR001356) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain, metazoa (IPR020479) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD04235
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 69563 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000492 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000492 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000492 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1897-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000492 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45285 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /gene/musclesh.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 45285 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000492
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 21 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	99B (Gehring, 1987) 153515_at (Kristensen et al., 2005) CG1897 (Klebes et al., 2005, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Ellis and Carney, 2010, Ellis and Carney, 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) Dr (Jordan et al., 2006, Liu et al., 2007, Laffafian et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2009, Sharp and Agrawal, 2008, Sandmann et al., 2006, Gilchrist et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Copley, 2005, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Ellis and Carney, 2010, Beltran et al., 2007, Ellis and Carney, 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Coffman et al., 2005, McNeil et al., 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Clark et al., 2012) Dr/msh (Michaut et al., 2011) Drop (Seibert et al., 2009) l(3)FA30   ltt   Msh (Ashe, 2006, Ball et al., 2004, Uhler et al., 2002, Zhao and Skeath, 2002, Blair, 2001, Von Ohlen and Moses, 2009, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, von Hilchen et al., 2010, Dobi et al., 2011, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012) msh (Pueyo and Couso, 2005, Ramos and Robert, 2005, Levine and Davidson, 2005, Villa-Cuesta and Modolell, 2005, Mizutani et al., 2005, Kosman et al., 2004, Sprecher et al., 2005, Urbach and Technau, 2004, Villa-Cuesta and Modolell, 2004, Urbach and Technau, 2003, Jurata et al., 2000, Cornell and Von Ohlen, 2000, Koizumi et al., 2003, Skeath and Thor, 2003, Edenfeld et al., 2002, Mizutani et al., 2003, Oh et al., 2002, Buescher et al., 2002, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002, Bruno and Abdelhay, 2002, Jagla et al., 2002, Ashraf and Ip, 2001, Weiss et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001, Popovici et al., 2001, Coulier et al., 2000, Lu et al., 2000, von Ohlen and Doe, 2000, Scott, 2000, Chan and Jan, 1999, Skeath, 1999, Hughes and Salinas, 1999, Frasch, 1999, Jazwinska et al., 1999, Chitnis, 1999, Arendt and Nubler-Jung, 1999, Paululat et al., 1999, Galliot et al., 1999, Weiss et al., 1998, McDonald et al., 1998, Olson and Klein, 1998, Kerszberg and Changeux, 1998, Yagi et al., 1998, Udolph et al., 1998, Doe et al., 1998, Yin and Frasch, 1998, Siddiqi, 1998, Nose et al., 1998, Isshiki et al., 1997, Walldorf et al., 1991, Bier, 1997, Buescher and Chia, 1997, D'Alessio and Frasch, 1996, Tokunaga-Furukubo et al., 1991, Gehring et al., 1994, Davidson, 1995, Lord et al., 1995, Buescher and Chia, 1995, Lord et al., 1995, Jagla et al., 1993, Walldorf et al., 1992, Walldorf and Gehring, 1992, Holland, 1991, Dohrmann et al., 1990, Bodmer et al., 1990, Robert et al., 1989, Cande et al., 2006, Urbach et al., 2006, Maurange et al., 2006, Seibert et al., 2007, Chanut, 2006, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Mizutani et al., 2006, de Navascués and Modolell, 2007, Seibert et al., 2008, Urbach, 2007, Von Ohlen et al., 2007, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Zhao et al., 2007, Sprecher and Hirth, 2006, Bonds et al., 2007, Moses et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2008, Becam and Milán, 2008, Von Ohlen et al., 2009, Seibert et al., 2009, Becam et al., 2010, Von Ohlen and Moses, 2009, Jagla et al., 1999, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Müller et al., 2010, Seibert and Urbach, 2010, Sprecher et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2008) msh1 (Urbach and Technau, 2003, ) msh-1 (Cripps and Olson, 2002, Skeath, 1998) Msx (Urbach, 2007, Seibert et al., 2009)
Name Synonym	Dr-distal (Mozer, 1998.3.17) Drop (Jordan et al., 2006, Bantignies et al., 2011, Morozova et al., 2006, von Hilchen et al., 2010) lottchen   muscle segment homeobox (Brody et al., 2002, Urbach and Technau, 2002, Urbach et al., 2006, Maurange et al., 2006, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Bonds et al., 2007, Von Ohlen and Moses, 2009, Seibert et al., 2009, Von Ohlen et al., 2009, Seibert and Urbach, 2010) Muscle segment homeobox (Busser et al., 2008, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, von Hilchen et al., 2010, Dobi et al., 2011) muscle specific homeobox (Dworak and Sink, 2002, Sprecher and Hirth, 2006, Jagla et al., 1999, Sprecher et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2008) Muscle specific homeobox (Uhler et al., 2002) muscle-specific homeodomain (Von Ohlen et al., 2007) muscle-specific homeodomain 1
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0002849 FBgn0015510 FBgn0020528
References ( 204 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 204 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 113 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 35 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 30 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 14 )
	Busser et al., 2012, Development 139(6): 1164--1174 Molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory specificity of a Drosophila homeodomain protein that specifies myoblast identity. [FBrf0217483] Clark et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37351 Relative Effectiveness of Mating Success and Sperm Competition at Eliminating Deleterious Mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218477] Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1016--1028 Self-organized shuttling: generating sharp dorsoventral polarity in the early Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0219335] Sharp and Agrawal, 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(16): 6142--6146 Evidence for elevated mutation rates in low-quality genotypes. [FBrf0218045] Tedman-Aucoin and Agrawal, 2012, Evolution 66(2): 575--585 The effect of deleterious mutations and age on recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217349] Yamamoto et al., 2012, Science 338(6111): 1229--1232 A Mutation in EGF Repeat-8 of Notch Discriminates Between Serrate/Jagged and Delta Family Ligands. [FBrf0220110] Bantignies et al., 2011, Cell 144(2): 214--226 Polycomb-Dependent Regulatory Contacts between Distant Hox Loci in Drosophila. [FBrf0212775] Chatterjee et al., 2011, Development 138(6): 1099--1109 The female-specific Doublesex isoform regulates pleiotropic transcription factors to pattern genital development in Drosophila. [FBrf0213054] Dobi et al., 2011, Fly 5(2): 68--75 Characterization of early steps in muscle morphogenesis in a Drosophila primary culture system. [FBrf0213797] Ellis and Carney, 2011, Genetics 187(1): 157--169 Socially-Responsive Gene Expression in Male Drosophila melanogaster Is Influenced by the Sex of the Interacting Partner. [FBrf0212780] McNeil et al., 2011, G3 (Bethesda) 1(5): 343--351 Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci Influence the Shape of a Male-Specific Genital Structure in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217624] Michaut et al., 2011, Dev. Growth Differ. 53(9): 982--993 Analyzing the function of a hox gene: An evolutionary approach. [FBrf0216990] Moses et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 208--215 Phosphorylation of Ind by MAP kinase enhances Ind-dependent transcriptional repression. [FBrf0216621] Xie et al., 2011, Genetics 188(4): 823--834 Inhibition of RNA interference and modulation of transposable element expression by cell death in Drosophila. [FBrf0214636] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...