FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\dwg
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dwg
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
deformed wings
Annotation Symbol
CG2711
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000520
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
deformed wings (dwg) encodes an architectural chromatin protein essential for embryonic development that organizes open chromatin in regulatory regions (predominantly promoters). dwg product binding site was found in the insulator encoded by scs, and its functions include enhancer blocking, support of distant interactions and recruitment of transcription factors. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Zw5, l(1)zw5, zw-5, SBP, zeste-white 5

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-1.5
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:2727698..2730042
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:BEAF-32; FB:FBgn0015602
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012934
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
deformed wings (dwg) encodes an architectural chromatin protein essential for embryonic development that organizes open chromatin in regulatory regions (predominantly promoters). dwg product binding site was found in the insulator encoded by scs, and its functions include enhancer blocking, support of distant interactions and recruitment of transcription factors. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
dwg: deformed wings
Most alleles lethal, dying during the first larval instar; the semilethal allele, dwg7, ceases development from the second instar on, with a few individuals surviving to adulthood. Lethal alleles (dwg4, dwg5, dwg6, and dwg8) can be recovered as males in combination with variegating duplications, Dp(1;3)N264-58, Dp(1;3)wm49a, and Dp(1;4)wm65g; have rough reduced dark eyes, sparse vibrissae, often missing orbital, ocellar, and vertical bristles, thickened wing veins, and incised inner wing margins; such males with a Y are fertile; XO males are not recovered at 25. Of these alleles only dwg7 survives as XO tissue in gynandromorphs; homozygous germ-line clones in females fail to produce eggs (Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983, Genetics 103: 235-47). dwg1 recorded as having broad, round tipped wings, with occasional marginal incisions and sometimes grossly deformed in shape and venation; extremely fine bristles, and small occasionally rough eyes. Surviving males with any allele are sterile.
*ves: vestigium
Wings abnormal, vary from small and curved to almost normal with cut-away inner margins. Eyes slightly rough and abnormally shaped. Male infertile; viability about 50% normal. RK2.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dwg for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W4V9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0070487
2002
592
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0070465
66.3
592
4.92
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dwg using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.70

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dwg in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 49 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dwg
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dwg
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 63 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 63 )
Inferred from location ( 15 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (353)
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ERV3-1-ZNF117
2 of 14
No
Yes
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No
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2  
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No
Hsap\LOC344065
1 of 14
No
No
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No
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No
1  
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No
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No
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF660-ZNF197
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
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Yes
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF765-ZNF761
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
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Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (74)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
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No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (157)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
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Yes
Yes
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Yes
Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (92)
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
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Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (97)
2 of 14
Yes
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Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (16)
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Yes
No
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No
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No
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (64)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (52)
1 of 13
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No
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No
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No
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No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:dwg. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (78)
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Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-1.5
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    3B3-3B3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1362 and P{EP}dncEP1395
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    3B2-3B4
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    1-1.6 +/- 0.6

    1-1.4 +/- 0.5

    1-1.6

    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (17)
    Genomic Clones (15)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (16)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for dwg protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).

          The dwg gene product is a component of the scs chromatin domain boundary and can block enhancer-promoter interactions. Overall orientation not stated: crm? dwg? fs(1)Yb?

          'l(1)zw5' is synonymous with 'ves' and dwg.

          On the basis of phenotype and map position l(1)zw5 mutants are synonymous with vestigium and dwg.

          Most alleles lethal, dying during the first larval instar; the semi-lethal allele, dwg7, ceases development from the second instar on, with a few individuals surviving to adulthood. Lethal alleles (dwg4, dwg5, dwg6, and dwg8) can be recovered as males in combination with variegating duplications, Dp(1;3)N264-58, Dp(1;3)wm49a and Dp(1;4)wm65g; have rough reduced dark eyes, sparse vibrissae, often missing orbital, ocellar, and vertical bristles, thickened wing veins and incised inner wing margins; such males with a Y are fertile; X0 males are not recovered at 25oC. Of these alleles only dwg7 survives as X0 tissue in gynandromorphs; homozygous germ-line clones in females fail to produce eggs (Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983). dwg1 recorded as having broad, round tipped wings, with occasional marginal incisions and sometimes grossly deformed in shape and venation; extremely fine bristles and small occasionally rough eyes. Surviving males with any allele are sterile.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: dwg Sbp

          Source for merge of: dwg EG:95B7.6

          Additional comments

          Source for merge of dwg EG:95B7.6 was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: dwg CG2711

          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (27)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          Sbp
          l(1)3Be
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0003974
          • FBgn0024976
          • FBgn0026052
          Datasets (4)
          Study focus (4)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          • transgene_used
          The insulator protein SU(HW) modulates nuclear lamina interactions of the Drosophila genome.
          • transgene_used
          Protein profiling reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells.
          • bait_protein
          Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in cell lines by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
          • bait_protein
          Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in fly tissues by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (141)