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Gene Dmel\ea

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ea	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	easter	Annotation symbol	CG4920
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000533
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	8 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-57
Cytogenetic map	88F1-88F1	Sequence location	3R:11,154,452..11,156,135 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene easter is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\ea (CG4920, FBgn0000533). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: serine-type endopeptidase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: zymogen activation; dorsal/ventral axis specification. 84 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: dorsal closure embryo; embryonic/first instar larval cuticle; extended germ band embryo; embryonic epidermis; head; embryo; denticle belt. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Disulphide knot CLIP; Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap; Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap, active site; Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin-type; Peptidase cysteine/serine, trypsin-like; Proteinase, regulatory CLIP domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, larval trachea, adult ovary, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1639867_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of ea. Gene sequence location is 3R:11154452..11156135.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	ea: easter Maternal effect lethal; both recessive loss-of-function and dominant gain-of-function alleles female sterile. Embryos produced by females homozygous for recessive alleles are dorsalized; lack ventral and lateral elements similar to embryos produced by dl/dl females; dorsal folds extend around circumference of embryo; lateral head fold and ventral furrow fail to form; germ band does not extend, and cuticle forms a tube with dorsal characteristics throughout. Degree of dorsalization proportional to level of ea expression as demonstrated by hypomorphic and temperature-sensitive alleles. Temperature sensitive period as demonstrated by ea14 from the time of pole-cell formation to gastrulation; developmental Northern blots demonstrate the presence of transcript in the ovaries and increased levels during the first four hours of embryonic development followed by a marked decline between hours four and six. Partial rescue of mutant phenotype achieved by injection of cytoplasm or poly-A+ RNA from wildtype embryos or embryos from females homozygous for other dorsal-group mutants; spatial source of donor cytoplasm unimportant; degree of rescue reduced with distance from site of injection; complete rescue producing viable and fertile adults achievable with injection of purified ea+ mRNA. tw, a zygotically active member of the dorsal group of genes, is not expressed in such embryos (Thisse, Stoetzel, El Messal, and Perrin-Schmidt, 1987, Genes Dev. 1: 709-15); furthermore strong alleles allow zen expression ventrally where it is not normally observed (Rushlow, Frasch, Doyle, and Levine, 1987, Nature 330: 583-86); periodicity of ftz stripes slightly disrupted in embryos from ea mothers (Carroll, Winslow, Twombly, and Scott, 1987, Development 99: 327-32). Females heterozygous for fully penetrant dominant alleles are sterile; the offspring of eaD3/+ females display ventralization or lateralization as indicated by lateral extension of the denticle bands; patches or rings of denticles may encircle the embryo; however, the mesoderm, the most ventral pattern element, is not increased; dorsal structures such as filzkorper, antennal and maxillary sense organs are absent; field of dorsal hairs greatly reduced. eaD2/+ females are lateralized, producing embryos that lack presumptive mesoderm and have no ventral furrow, show dorsoventrally symmetrical folding at gastrulation with the lateral head fold encircling the embryo, and do not undergo germ band extension. Injection of ea-deficient embryos with 200 times the quantity of mRNA required for complete rescue does not cause ventralization, indicating that gain of function alleles are not merely hypomorphic in nature.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN31549 HFA16939
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 88F1-88F1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}MRG15j6A3 and P{PZ}l(3)0653606536
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 88F2-88F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Chasan and Anderson, 1989) 88E-88F     (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-57 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Left of (cM)	Sb (Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984) e ca (Erdelyi and Szabad, 1989)
Right of (cM)	sr cu (Erdelyi and Szabad, 1989) jvl (Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ea for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ea-RA FBtr0083083  NM_079638   1434   392
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.5 (northern blot) (Chasan and Anderson, 1989)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ea-PA   FBpp0082539   43.1   392   6.49     NP_524362   AAF55170
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	392 (aa); 43 (kD predicted) (Chasan and Anderson, 1989)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap, active site (IPR018114) Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap (IPR001254) Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin-type (IPR001314) Disulphide knot CLIP (IPR006604) Peptidase cysteine/serine, trypsin-like (IPR009003) Proteinase, regulatory CLIP domain (IPR022700) MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases and the proteins that inhibit them • S01.201
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201347   AA264426   AA539415   AA540073   AA540280   AE014297 AAF55170   AI256875   AI544234   BG639230   BI164058   BI167875   BI358645   BI369043   BT009978 AAQ22447   EC052566   EC053568   EC055099   EC055651   EC205850   J03154 AAA28496
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P13582
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Chasan and Anderson, 1989) oogenesis & adult stage | female   ovary   (Chasan and Anderson, 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
	ea transcripts are expressed in ovaries and in early embryos. (Chasan and Anderson, 1989)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 6   organism   (Chasan et al., 1992) Comment:paper states 0-3 hr AEL
Additional Descriptive Data
	ea protein is uniformly distributed in the blastoderm embryo. (Chasan et al., 1992)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0000533    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0000533 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000533 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4841 embryo 02-04hr    4832 embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr    1443 embryo 20-22hr    1984 embryo 22-24hr    1601 larva L1    2019 larva L2    1807 larva L3 12hr old    1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day    1891 adult female 05day    2128 adult female 30day    2546 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4841) embryo 02-04hr  (4832) embryo 04-06hr  (1337) embryo 06-08hr  (806) embryo 08-10hr  (1016) embryo 10-12hr  (867) embryo 12-14hr  (960) embryo 14-16hr  (1370) embryo 16-18hr  (893) embryo 18-20hr  (1443) embryo 20-22hr  (1984) embryo 22-24hr  (1601) larva L1  (2019) larva L2  (1807) larva L3 12hr old  (1783) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1237) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (856) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (441) white prepupae new  (352) white prepupae 12hr  (927) white prepupae 24hr  (587) pupae 2d postWPP  (623) pupae 3d postWPP  (511) pupae 4d postWPP  (457) adult male 01day  (498) adult male 05day  (604) adult male 30day  (784) adult female 01day  (1891) adult female 05day  (2128) adult female 30day  (2546) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4841) embryo 02-04hr  (4832) embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr  1443 embryo 20-22hr  (1984) embryo 22-24hr  (1601) larva L1  (2019) larva L2  (1807) larva L3 12hr old  (1783) larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day  (1891) adult female 05day  (2128) adult female 30day  (2546) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4841 embryo 02-04hr    4832 embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr    1443 embryo 20-22hr    1984 embryo 22-24hr    1601 larva L1    2019 larva L2    1807 larva L3 12hr old    1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day    1891 adult female 05day    2128 adult female 30day    2546 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4841 embryo 02-04hr    4832 embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr    1443 embryo 20-22hr    1984 embryo 22-24hr    1601 larva L1    2019 larva L2    1807 larva L3 12hr old    1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day    1891 adult female 05day    2128 adult female 30day    2546 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000533 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4841 embryo 02-04hr    4832 embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr    1443 embryo 20-22hr    1984 embryo 22-24hr    1601 larva L1    2019 larva L2    1807 larva L3 12hr old    1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day    1891 adult female 05day    2128 adult female 30day    2546 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4841) embryo 02-04hr  (4832) embryo 04-06hr  (1337) embryo 06-08hr  (806) embryo 08-10hr  (1016) embryo 10-12hr  (867) embryo 12-14hr  (960) embryo 14-16hr  (1370) embryo 16-18hr  (893) embryo 18-20hr  (1443) embryo 20-22hr  (1984) embryo 22-24hr  (1601) larva L1  (2019) larva L2  (1807) larva L3 12hr old  (1783) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1237) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (856) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (441) white prepupae new  (352) white prepupae 12hr  (927) white prepupae 24hr  (587) pupae 2d postWPP  (623) pupae 3d postWPP  (511) pupae 4d postWPP  (457) adult male 01day  (498) adult male 05day  (604) adult male 30day  (784) adult female 01day  (1891) adult female 05day  (2128) adult female 30day  (2546) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4841) embryo 02-04hr  (4832) embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr  1443 embryo 20-22hr  1984 embryo 22-24hr  1601 larva L1  2019 larva L2  1807 larva L3 12hr old  1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day  1891 adult female 05day  2128 adult female 30day  (2546) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4841 embryo 02-04hr    4832 embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr    1443 embryo 20-22hr    1984 embryo 22-24hr    1601 larva L1    2019 larva L2    1807 larva L3 12hr old    1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day    1891 adult female 05day    2128 adult female 30day    2546 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4841 embryo 02-04hr    4832 embryo 04-06hr    1337 embryo 06-08hr    806 embryo 08-10hr    1016 embryo 10-12hr    867 embryo 12-14hr    960 embryo 14-16hr    1370 embryo 16-18hr    893 embryo 18-20hr    1443 embryo 20-22hr    1984 embryo 22-24hr    1601 larva L1    2019 larva L2    1807 larva L3 12hr old    1783 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1237 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    856 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    441 white prepupae new    352 white prepupae 12hr    927 white prepupae 24hr    587 pupae 2d postWPP    623 pupae 3d postWPP    511 pupae 4d postWPP    457 adult male 01day    498 adult male 05day    604 adult male 30day    784 adult female 01day    1891 adult female 05day    2128 adult female 30day    2546 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0000533    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0000533 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, larval trachea, adult ovary, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000533 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000533 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.425 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    341.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    5.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    398.625 Larval Carcass    231.5 Adult Head    110.5 Adult Eye    58.6 Adult Brain    16.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7 Adult Crop    340.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    356.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    5.6 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5 Adult Ovary    202.4 Adult Testis    11 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4 Adult Carcass    64 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    110.5   NA  Eye    58.6   NA  Brain    16.8   12.425  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    31.7   NA  Crop    340.4   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   341.3  Hindgut    356.7   5.9  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    5.6   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    5   398.625  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    42.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    58.5   NA  Ovary    202.4   NA  Testis    11   NA  Male Accessory Gland    4   231.5  Carcass    64 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_26
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000533 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4920-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | dominant | embryonic stage eaD3 lethal | dominant | maternal effect ea161.13 eaD1 eaD3 eaD4 eaD6 eaD7 eaD8 eaD9 eaD10 lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive ea3R-253-22 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect eaD7 eaD8 eaD9 eaD10 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive ea161.13 lethal | maternal effect | recessive ea1 ea8 lethal | maternal effect | recessive | heat sensitive ea12 ea14 viable ea3R-253-22 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 eaGD1281 viable (with Df(3R)ea-5022rx1) ea1 Sterility Allele female fertile ea16 ea17 ea18 ea19 eaD1rv1 eaD1rv2 eaD1rv3 eaD1rv4 eaD1rv5 eaD1rv6 eaD1rv7 eaD1rv9 eaD1rv10 eaD1rv11 eaD3rv1 eaD6rv1 eaD6rv2 eaD6rv3 eaD6rv4 eaD6rv5 eaD6rv6 eaD6rv7 eaD6rv8 eaD6rv9 eaD6rv10 eaD6rv11 female sterile | dominant eaD1 eaD3 eaD4 eaD5 eaD6 eaD7 eaD8 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type ea+tMa Phenotype manifest in Allele cephalic furrow | maternal effect eaD10 eaD3 eaD6 cephalopharyngeal skeleton | embryonic stage ea3 denticle belt ea7 denticle belt | maternal effect eaD10 eaD3 eaD6 dorsal closure embryo ea161.13 dorsal fold | maternal effect eaD10 eaD3 eaD6 dorsal hair | maternal effect eaD10 eaD3 embryo eaD1 eaD2 embryo | ventral ea4 eaunspecified embryonic/first instar larval cuticle ea4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect ea1 ea161.13 ea8 eaD1 eaD10 eaD3 eaD4 eaD6 eaD7 eaD8 eaD9 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4otu.T:Hsim\VP16 eaScer\UAS.P\T.T:Ivir\HA1 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect (with Df(3R)ea-5022rx1) ea4 eaD1 eaD10 eaD3 eaD6 eaD8 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect | heat sensitive ea12 ea14 embryonic epidermis ea2 ea3 ea4 ea5 ea7 eaD7 embryonic head | maternal effect eaD10 extended germ band embryo ea161.13 filzkorper | maternal effect eaD10 eaD3 head ea161.13 ventral furrow | maternal effect eaD1
Classical Alleles ( 58 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ea Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ea1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 4 Yes ea14 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes ea2 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaIIR65 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- ea10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ea13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea15 X ray 0 -- ea161.13 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ea16 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ea17 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ea18 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ea19 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ea3 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea3R-253-22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ea7 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ea8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ea9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD10 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD1 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD1rv10 X ray 0 -- eaD1rv11 X ray 0 -- eaD1rv1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD1rv9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD3-D6 0 -- eaD3 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD3rv1 X ray 0 -- eaD4 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD5 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD6rv10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD6rv9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- eaD7 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD8 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaD9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes eaRP 0 -- eaunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ea Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion eaGD1281 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes eaKK111549 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ea+tMa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes ea5.13ΔN.MtnA in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes ea83lΔN.MtnA in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes eaactive.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes eaD3-S338A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eadsRNA.cSa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes eaE70A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaE70K in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaMtnA.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes eaP225I in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaP225S in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaP225Y in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaPREA in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes eaR127L in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaR127Q in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaS195A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaS338A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes eaScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-m6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes eaScer\UAS.P\T.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes eaWT.cRa in vitro construct 0 Yes eaΔ.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes eaΔN.MtnA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes eaΔN.P\T.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-m6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes eaΔN in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)BSC741 (Cook et al., 2009.2.28) Df(3R)ea (Chasan et al., 1992) Df(3R)ea-5022rx1 (Jin and Anderson, 1990, Chasan et al., 1992, Anderson, 1996.6.13) Df(3R)Exel6174 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)sbd105 (Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984) Tp(3;1)kar5l (Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1281} NA P{KK111549} NA P{UAS-ea.Δ} NA P{UASp-ea.GFP} NA P{UASp-ea.HA} NA P{UASp-ea.ΔN.GFP} NA characterization construct P{Ala338} NA P{ea+} NA P{eaD3:S338A} NA P{eaΔN} NA P{Gln127} NA P{Leu127} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{}ea16 NA P{}ea17 NA P{}ea18 NA P{}ea19 NA P{Ecol\lacO.256x.w}P6.4 NA P{SUPor-P}KG00419 NA P{UASp-YFP.Rab11.S25N}06 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
serine-type endopeptidase activity inferred from direct assay (Chasan et al., 1992)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
dorsal/ventral axis specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Chasan et al., 1992) zymogen activation inferred from direct assay (Jang et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Chasan et al., 1992)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
peptidase activity non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001) serine-type endopeptidase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) non-traceable author statement (Coates et al., 2000, Ross et al., 2003) serine-type peptidase activity non-traceable author statement (van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) dorsal/ventral axis specification non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000, Lall and Patel, 2001) maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded traceable author statement (Chasan et al., 1992, van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999) proteolysis inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001254, InterPro:IPR001314, InterPro:IPR018114 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Ross et al., 2003) traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001) Toll signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Beutler and Poltorak, 2001) traceable author statement (Chasan et al., 1992, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ea allele Gene References ea1 cact (Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 2001) ea4 Spn27A (Hashimoto et al., 2003) ea161.13 cype (Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001) put (George and Terracol, 1997) shn (George and Terracol, 1997) vri (George and Terracol, 1997) eaD1 Tl (Chasan et al., 1992) eaD3 cact (Belvin et al., 1995) Tl (Chasan et al., 1992) eaΔN gd (Misra et al., 1998) unspecified SPE (Jang et al., 2006) tkv (George and Terracol, 1997)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66921 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000533 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 41858
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dere\GG16913 Dper\GL23240 Dpse\GA18526 Dsec\GM24220 Dsim\GD19011 Dyak\GE24296
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA18526
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL005064-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP004148-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001122011.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) BGIBMGA005173-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CPIJ009625 Culex pipens (mosquito) XP_001599920.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) XP_972628.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13389 NV50126 NV17950 NV17949 NV17947 NV14885 LH23046 LH23044 FBgn0242034 FBgn0241419 FBgn0224624 FBgn0214029 FBgn0213141 FBgn0211600 FBgn0198219 FBgn0191429 FBgn0190519 FBgn0179084 FBgn0165917 FBgn0248874 FBgn0078528 FBgn0075919 FBgn0160830 FBgn0150059 FBgn0147597 FBgn0146850 FBgn0037515 FBgn0125785 FBgn0121757 FBgn0109141 FBgn0106435 FBgn0100192 FBgn0094700 CPIJ004036 CPIJ003622 CPIJ000393 CPIJ009625 BGIBMGA010546 BGIBMGA005173 ACYPI007244 GB16147 GB14247 CLIPB9 CLIPB5 AGAP011325 CLIPB29 AAEL015637 AAEL014163 AAEL007347 AAEL003642 PHUM501910 PHUM546610 GLEAN_13277 GLEAN_13278 GLEAN_13279 GLEAN_13280 GLEAN_09093 GLEAN_09090 GLEAN_09091 GLEAN_00495
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 8 )
Bloomington	3287 ru1 st1 ea14 spz3 ca1/TM1 3108 ru1 h1 th1 st1 cu1 ea1/TM8, l(3)DTS41 3288 ru1 th1 st1 kniri-1 pip2 rnroe-1 pp ea1/TM3, Sb1 Ser1
Kyoto	106958 ru1 st1 ea14 spz3 ca1/TM1 106849 ru1 h1 th1 st1 cu1 ea1/TM8, l(3)DTS41 106959 ru1 th1 st1 kniri-1 pip2 rnroe-1 pp ea1/TM3, Sb1
VDRC	v102357 P{KK111549}VIE-260B v37004 w1118; P{GD1281}v37004
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR13A02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 16 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE55124
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM28722 LD04311 LD08117 LD17527 LD19424 LD19726 LP03546 RE03628 RE08364
Other clones	CK01.3B.E3 EC052566 EC053568 EC055099 EC055651 LD47701
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000533 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 41858
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Chasan et al., 1992)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	A dorsalising activity for the heterologous ea, spz and Tl proteins in UV-ventralised Xenopus embryos is demonstrated: ea dorsalises UV-treated X.laevis embryos. The activity is inhibited by co-injection of a dominant cact variant. (Armstrong et al., 1998)
Other Comments
	Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days. Shows significant change of expression pattern in circadian mutant background; decreased expression in per01, tim01 and ClkJrk background. (Claridge-Chang et al., 2001) ea can directly cleave spz at a unique position, the spz carboxy-terminal fragment generated has the biological and biochemical properties of the polarising activity of spz, it exists as a disulfide-linked dimer and appears to share structural similarities with the nerve growth factor and the neurotrophin family of growth factor ligands. (DeLotto and DeLotto, 1998) ea is not required for muscle development in the embryo. (Halfon and Keshishian, 1998) The zymogen form of ea is processed in vivo by a proteolytic cleavage event that requires three upstream proteases. Processed ea is present in extremely low amounts in the early embryo because it is rapidly converted into a high molecular mass complex, which may contain a protease inhibitor. ea zymogen activation is also controlled by a negative feedback loop from dl. (Misra et al., 1998) The embryonic regulatory pathway, comprising the gene products between spz and cact (Tl, tub and pll) but not the genes acting upstream or downstream (ea and dl), is involved in the induction of the Drs gene in adults. Neither ea or snk are required for the control of Drs gene expression. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) snk and ea proteases are members of a sequential protease activation pathway, snk and ea interact with other components of the dorsal-ventral pathway. (Smith and DeLotto, 1994) Spatial regulation of ea activity by localized zymogen activation is a key initial event in defining the polarity of the dorsal-ventral embryonic pattern. (Chasan et al., 1992) Protein shows similarity with proclotting enzyme light chain of Tachypleus: S-S linking of ea protein predicted. (Gay and Keith, 1992) In the absence of ea activity in the perivitelline fluid no Tl ligand is detected suggesting that ea activity is involved in the production of the Tl ligand. (Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992) Mutations in maternal dorsal class gene ea do not interact with RpII140wimp. (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991) Analysis of mosaic females indicates that Ser, ea, snk and tub are expressed in the germline during oogenesis. (Stein et al., 1991) Involved in the regulatory hierarchy responsible for the asymmetric distribution and function of zygotic regulatory gene products along the DV axis of early embryos. (Rushlow and Levine, 1990) Maternal effect lethal; both recessive loss-of-function and dominant gain-of-function (eaD) alleles female sterile. Embryos produced by females homozygous for recessive alleles are dorsalized; lack ventral and lateral elements similar to embryos produced by dl/dl females; dorsal folds extend around circumference of embryo; lateral head fold and ventral furrow fail to form; germ band does not extend and cuticle forms a tube with dorsal characteristics throughout. Degree of dorsalization proportional to level of ea expression as demonstrated by hypomorphic and temperature-sensitive alleles. Temperature sensitive period as demonstrated by ea14 from the time of pole-cell formation to gastrulation; developmental Northern blots demonstrate the presence of transcript in the ovaries and increased levels during the first four hours of embryonic development followed by a marked decline between hours four and six. Partial rescue of mutant phenotype achieved by injection of cytoplasm or poly(A)+ RNA from wild-type embryos or embryos from females homozygous for other dorsal-group mutants; spatial source of donor cytoplasm unimportant; degree of rescue reduced with distance from site of injection; complete rescue producing viable and fertile adults achievable with injection of purified ea+ mRNA. tw, a zygotically active member of the dorsal group of genes, is not expressed in such embryos (Thisse, Stoetzel, El Messal and Perrin-Schmidt, 1987); furthermore strong alleles allow zen expression ventrally where it is not normally observed (Rushlow, Frasch, Doyle and Levine, 1987); periodicity of ftz stripes slightly disrupted in embryos from ea mothers (Carroll, Winslow, Twombly and Scott, 1987). Females heterozygous for fully penetrant dominant alleles are sterile; the offspring of eaD3/+ females display ventralization or lateralization as indicated by lateral extension of the denticle bands; patches or rings of denticles may encircle the embryo; however, the mesoderm, the most ventral pattern element, is not increased; dorsal structures such as filzkorper, antennal and maxillary sense organs are absent; field of dorsal hairs greatly reduced. eaD2/+ females are lateralized, producing embryos that lack presumptive mesoderm and have no ventral furrow, show dorsoventrally symmetrical folding at gastrulation with the lateral head fold encircling the embryo and do not undergo germ band extension. Injection of ea-deficient embryos with 200 times the quantity of mRNA required for complete rescue does not cause ventralization, indicating that gain of function alleles are not merely hypomorphic in nature.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079638 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524362 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28496 AAF55170 AAQ22447 BI369043 BT009978 J03154 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 41858 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P13582
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap, active site (IPR018114) Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap (IPR001254) Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin-type (IPR001314) Disulphide knot CLIP (IPR006604) Peptidase cysteine/serine, trypsin-like (IPR009003) Proteinase, regulatory CLIP domain (IPR022700) MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases and the proteins that inhibit them • S01.201
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66921 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000533 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000533 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000533 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4920-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000533 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 89610 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 41858 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL005064-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP004148-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001122011.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) BGIBMGA005173-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CPIJ009625 Culex pipens (mosquito) XP_001599920.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) XP_972628.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/easter1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 41858 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000533 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13389 NV50126 NV17950 NV17949 NV17947 NV14885 LH23046 LH23044 FBgn0242034 FBgn0241419 FBgn0224624 FBgn0214029 FBgn0213141 FBgn0211600 FBgn0198219 FBgn0191429 FBgn0190519 FBgn0179084 FBgn0165917 FBgn0248874 FBgn0078528 FBgn0075919 FBgn0160830 FBgn0150059 FBgn0147597 FBgn0146850 FBgn0037515 FBgn0125785 FBgn0121757 FBgn0109141 FBgn0106435 FBgn0100192 FBgn0094700 CPIJ004036 CPIJ003622 CPIJ000393 CPIJ009625 BGIBMGA010546 BGIBMGA005173 ACYPI007244 GB16147 GB14247 CLIPB9 CLIPB5 AGAP011325 CLIPB29 AAEL015637 AAEL014163 AAEL007347 AAEL003642 PHUM501910 PHUM546610 GLEAN_13277 GLEAN_13278 GLEAN_13279 GLEAN_13280 GLEAN_09093 GLEAN_09090 GLEAN_09091 GLEAN_00495
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG4920 (Irving et al., 2001, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) c-SP24 (Ross et al., 2003) ea (LeMosy, 2006, Zhang et al., 2007, Stein et al., 2008, Cook et al., 2009.2.28, DeLotto, 2001, Jin and Anderson, 1990, Cho et al., 2010, Leclerc et al., 2006, Steen et al., 2010) EA (Tang et al., 2006, Tian and LeMosy, 2008) SP24 (Ross et al., 2003)
Name Synonym	Easter (Waterhouse et al., 2007, Tang et al., 2006, Jang et al., 2006, Christophides et al., 2002, Stein et al., 2008, Ye et al., 2009, Shah et al., 2008, Stein et al., 2010) easter (LeMosy, 2006, Leclerc et al., 2006, Jin and Anderson, 1990, Cho et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 160 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 160 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 77 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 47 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 12 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Cho et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(12): 1133--1137 Pipe-Dependent Ventral Processing of Easter by Snake Is the Defining Step in Drosophila Embryo DV Axis Formation. [FBrf0211253] Steen et al., 2010, FEBS Lett. 584(16): 3557--3560 Activation of Snake in a serine protease cascade that defines the dorsoventral axis is atypical and pipe-independent in Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0211517] Stein et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(21): 1953--1958 Localization and Activation of the Drosophila Protease Easter Require the ER-Resident Saposin-like Protein Seele. [FBrf0212238] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...