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Gene Dmel\ec

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ec	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	echinus	Annotation symbol	CG2904
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000542
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	54 publicly available
Also Known As	EG:EG0002.3
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-5.5
Cytogenetic map	3F2-3F3	Sequence location	X:3,705,684..3,751,658 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene echinus is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\ec (CG2904, FBgn0000542). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein phosphatase 1 binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death; ommatidial rotation; compound eye morphogenesis. 41 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: eye; adult thorax; dorsocentral bristle; primary pigment cell; adult abdomen; posterior notopleural bristle; cone cell; wing; ommatidium. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Peptidase C19, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Gene sequence location is X:3705684..3751658.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	ec: echinus Eyes large and bulging. Eye surface rough; facets large. Wings rather short and broad. Body thickset. Tends to remove dorsocentrals (posterior more than anterior) and posterior notopleurals; may also add dorsocentrals anterior to anterior dorsocentrals whether or not posterior bristles removed (Sturtevant). Reduces number of mesopleural hairs in h homozygotes (Sturtevant, 1969, Dev. Biol. 21: 48-61). ec is visible in +/ec/ec triploids (Gersh). RK1.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	References Bennett et al., 2006, J. molec. Biol. 364(2): 196--212 Singh et al., 2009, J. Mol. Evol. 69(1): 42--53 Sequence features HFA18658 HFA17286 HFA17285 BKN33477 BKN21208 Controlled Vocabulary Terms protein phosphatase 1 binding
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 3F2-3F3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-5.5 (Lawlor, 1980, Fraser, 1942)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	dnc sam (Salz and Kiger, 1984)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ec for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.42
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ec-RA FBtr0070606  NM_166992   6747   1712 ec-RB FBtr0112801  NM_130722   6914   1746 ec-RC FBtr0112802  NM_001103407   6685   1765
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ec-PA   FBpp0100019   188.4   1712   8.88     NP_726893   AAF45898 ec-PB   FBpp0111713   192.0   1746   8.98     NP_570078   AAN09109 ec-PC   FBpp0111714   193.4   1765   9.21     NP_001096877   ABW09333
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase C19, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 (IPR001394)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF45898   AE014298 AAN09109   AE014298 ABW09333   AI541857   AL031130 CAA20016   AY576488 AAS86754   BI569807   BI570526   BI571581   BI571831   BI591063   BI593175   BI607552   BI622735   BI627550   BI628609   BP551553   BP553287   BT022823   BT099805   CO185770   CO186832   CO187869   CO189962   CO270432   CO272569   CO275331   CO278327   CO281485   CO299079   CO304492   CO310539   CO313939   CO315945   CO320687   CO332659   CO333052   CO333446   CZ481697   DQ327747   DQ418877 ABD77421   DQ418878 ABD77422   EC064531   EC067940   EC068606   EC071841   EC076723   EC077914   EC079137   EC079216   EC082914   EC195100   EC216631   EC217928   EC227648   EC229364   EC231424   EC233145   EC236625   EC236807   EC239820   EC244017   EC244992   EC246770   EC248619   EC260855   EC262284   FF579259
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O77283 Q1W9P9 Q1W9Q0 Q7K7E6
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0000542    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0000542 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0000542 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr    2251 embryo 04-06hr    2941 embryo 06-08hr    3581 embryo 08-10hr    3205 embryo 10-12hr    2606 embryo 12-14hr    2518 embryo 14-16hr    2223 embryo 16-18hr    1520 embryo 18-20hr    1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr    2693 pupae 2d postWPP    1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (135) embryo 02-04hr  (2251) embryo 04-06hr  (2941) embryo 06-08hr  (3581) embryo 08-10hr  (3205) embryo 10-12hr  (2606) embryo 12-14hr  (2518) embryo 14-16hr  (2223) embryo 16-18hr  (1520) embryo 18-20hr  (1817) embryo 20-22hr  (740) embryo 22-24hr  (689) larva L1  (750) larva L2  (441) larva L3 12hr old  (347) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (386) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (901) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1046) white prepupae new  (1201) white prepupae 12hr  (1154) white prepupae 24hr  (2693) pupae 2d postWPP  (1837) pupae 3d postWPP  (920) pupae 4d postWPP  (432) adult male 01day  (301) adult male 05day  (171) adult male 30day  (136) adult female 01day  (342) adult female 05day  (117) adult female 30day  (119) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr  (2251) embryo 04-06hr  (2941) embryo 06-08hr  (3581) embryo 08-10hr  (3205) embryo 10-12hr  (2606) embryo 12-14hr  (2518) embryo 14-16hr  (2223) embryo 16-18hr  (1520) embryo 18-20hr  (1817) embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr  (2693) pupae 2d postWPP  (1837) pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr    2251 embryo 04-06hr    2941 embryo 06-08hr    3581 embryo 08-10hr    3205 embryo 10-12hr    2606 embryo 12-14hr    2518 embryo 14-16hr    2223 embryo 16-18hr    1520 embryo 18-20hr    1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr    2693 pupae 2d postWPP    1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr    2251 embryo 04-06hr    2941 embryo 06-08hr    3581 embryo 08-10hr    3205 embryo 10-12hr    2606 embryo 12-14hr    2518 embryo 14-16hr    2223 embryo 16-18hr    1520 embryo 18-20hr    1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr    2693 pupae 2d postWPP    1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0000542 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr    2251 embryo 04-06hr    2941 embryo 06-08hr    3581 embryo 08-10hr    3205 embryo 10-12hr    2606 embryo 12-14hr    2518 embryo 14-16hr    2223 embryo 16-18hr    1520 embryo 18-20hr    1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr    2693 pupae 2d postWPP    1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  135 embryo 02-04hr  (2251) embryo 04-06hr  (2941) embryo 06-08hr  (3581) embryo 08-10hr  (3205) embryo 10-12hr  (2606) embryo 12-14hr  (2518) embryo 14-16hr  (2223) embryo 16-18hr  (1520) embryo 18-20hr  (1817) embryo 20-22hr  (740) embryo 22-24hr  (689) larva L1  (750) larva L2  (441) larva L3 12hr old  (347) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (386) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (901) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1046) white prepupae new  (1201) white prepupae 12hr  (1154) white prepupae 24hr  (2693) pupae 2d postWPP  (1837) pupae 3d postWPP  (920) pupae 4d postWPP  (432) adult male 01day  (301) adult male 05day  (171) adult male 30day  136 adult female 01day  (342) adult female 05day  117 adult female 30day  119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr  2251 embryo 04-06hr  (2941) embryo 06-08hr  (3581) embryo 08-10hr  (3205) embryo 10-12hr  (2606) embryo 12-14hr  (2518) embryo 14-16hr  2223 embryo 16-18hr  1520 embryo 18-20hr  1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr  (2693) pupae 2d postWPP  1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr    2251 embryo 04-06hr    2941 embryo 06-08hr    3581 embryo 08-10hr    3205 embryo 10-12hr    2606 embryo 12-14hr    2518 embryo 14-16hr    2223 embryo 16-18hr    1520 embryo 18-20hr    1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr    2693 pupae 2d postWPP    1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    135 embryo 02-04hr    2251 embryo 04-06hr    2941 embryo 06-08hr    3581 embryo 08-10hr    3205 embryo 10-12hr    2606 embryo 12-14hr    2518 embryo 14-16hr    2223 embryo 16-18hr    1520 embryo 18-20hr    1817 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    689 larva L1    750 larva L2    441 larva L3 12hr old    347 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    386 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    901 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1046 white prepupae new    1201 white prepupae 12hr    1154 white prepupae 24hr    2693 pupae 2d postWPP    1837 pupae 3d postWPP    920 pupae 4d postWPP    432 adult male 01day    301 adult male 05day    171 adult male 30day    136 adult female 01day    342 adult female 05day    117 adult female 30day    119 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0000542    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0000542 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000542 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • HDC17287;HDC17289;CG2904-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable ecspok Other Phenotypes Allele decreased cell death | pupal stage P6 ecspok decreased cell death | pupal stage P7 ec1 ecspok visible ec3c3 ec60c ecEPΔ4 ecmiRNA.CG2904.GMR ecmiRNA.SF1.GMR ecΔ9 visible (with Df(1)HC244) ec3c3 visible | recessive ec1 ecPlacZ ecunspecified wild-type ecEP1343 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult abdomen ec1 adult thorax ec1 cone cell ec1 dorsocentral bristle ec1 eye ec1 ec60c ecunspecified ecPlacZ ecmiRNA.SF1.GMR ecmiRNA.CG2904.GMR ecEPΔ4 ecΔ9 ec3c3 eye (with Df(1)HC244) ec3c3 inter-ommatidial precursor cell | pupal stage P6 | supernumerary ecspok inter-ommatidial precursor cell | pupal stage P7 | supernumerary ec1 ecspok ommatidium ec1 ecKG09175 ecKG10228 ecspok ommatidium (with Df(1)GA102) ec1 ecKG09175 ecKG10228 ecspok ommatidium (with Df(1)HC244) ecspok ommatidium (with ec1) ecspok ommatidium (with ecKG09175) ecspok ommatidium (with ecKG10228) ecspok ommatidium (with ecspok) ec1 ecKG09175 ecKG10228 ommatidium | pupal stage P6 ec1 ecspok ommatidium | pupal stage P7 ec1 ecspok posterior notopleural bristle ec1 primary pigment cell ec1 primary pigment cell precursor | pupal stage P6 | supernumerary ecspok retina | pupal stage ec1 ecmiRNA.SF1.GMR ecmiRNA.CG2904.GMR ecEPΔ4 ecΔ9 ec3c3 wing ec1
Classical Alleles ( 28 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ec Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ec1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous ethyl methanesulfonate 40 Yes ec64d X ray 2 -- ecd00965 1 -- ecd05241 1 -- ecd05948 1 -- ece03933 piggyBac transposase 1 -- ecEP1343 1 -- ecf01378 1 -- ecf05833 1 -- ecf06099 1 -- ecf06458 1 -- ecKG09175 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 1 -- ecKG10228 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 1 -- ecspok amorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes ec3c3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ec40d spontaneous 0 -- ec56 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ec60c spontaneous 0 -- ecd03638 0 -- ecd04434 0 -- ecd05899 0 -- ecd10818 0 -- ecEPΔ4 P-element activity 0 Yes ecf07336 0 -- ecO6 X ray 0 -- ecPlacZ P-element activity 0 Yes ecunspecified 0 -- ecΔ9 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ec Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ecKK101112 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ec1237-1505.a.Sym.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ec1237-1505.Sym.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ec232-398.a.Sym.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ec232-398.Sym.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ecGD5207 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ecmiRNA.CG2904.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ecmiRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ecmiRNA.SF1.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ecmiRNA.SF2.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ecSF1.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ecSF2.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ecSF3.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)172 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)235 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)308 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)314 (Patterson, 1932, Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)cho3 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)cho5 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)cho10 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)cho23 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)GA102 (Montrasio et al., 2007) Df(1)HC244 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Lawlor, 1980, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Oliver et al., 1988, Montrasio et al., 2007) Df(1)HF366 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)ovo15 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)rb23 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)rb34 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)rb47 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)w62g26 (Lefevre, 1970) Df(1)wm258-44   Df(1)w-ec (Lefevre and Wilkins, 1966) Df(2L)ushE6 (Heitzler, 2010.5.12, Heitzler, 2010.5.12) T(1;4)231b (Patterson, 1932) Tp(1;2)w-ec (Lefevre and Wilkins, 1966)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;1)105 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;3)DC067 (Popodi et al., 2010-) Dp(1;f)102 (Dobzhansky, 1932) In(1)ClLy4R   Tp(1;3)w+67k (Lefevre, 1970) Ts(1Lt;4Lt)4C3 (Hawley et al., 1992)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)7aA (Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)247g (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)262 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)267 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)271 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)303 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)bi-D2 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)C149 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)cho19 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)choL1 (Goode et al., 1996) Df(1)ED6712 (Montrasio et al., 2007) Df(1)GA56 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)GA102 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)JC70 (Schalet, 1986, Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)N-8 (Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)N-54l9 (Mohler, 1956) Df(1)N73 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)N-264-58 (Demerec, 1940) Df(1)N55l (Hillman, 1958) Df(1)ovo6 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)ovo7 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb1 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb13 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb30 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb33 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb46 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)RC40 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)Sp(rb) (Schalet, 1986) In(1)ClLbbDfR   T(1;3)N34b (Oliver, 1937)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;1)100 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;1)112 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;2)w-ec (Schalet, 1986, Lefevre, 1968) Dp(1;3)sn13a1 (Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;3)w+67k   Dp(1;f)106 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)107 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)118 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)136 (Dobzhansky, 1932) In(1)bbDfLClR   Ts(1Lt;4Lt)N264-12 (Hawley et al., 1992) Ts(1Lt;4Lt)wm5 (Hawley et al., 1992) Ts(1Lt;4Lt)wm258-18 (Hawley et al., 1992) Ts(1Lt;4Lt)wm258-21 (Hawley et al., 1992)
Partially disrupted in	Df(1)ecΔ9 (Copeland et al., 2007)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD5207} NA P{KK101112} NA P{Sym-UAS-ec.232-398} NA P{Sym-UAS-ec.1237-1505} NA P{UAS-ec.miRNA} NA characterization construct P{GMR-ec.CG2904-RNAi} NA P{GMR-ec.SF1} NA P{GMR-ec.SF1-RNAi} NA P{GMR-ec.SF2} NA P{GMR-ec.SF2-RNAi} NA P{GMR-ec.SF3} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}ecEP1343 NA P{XP}ecd00965 NA P{XP}ecd03638 NA P{XP}ecd04434 NA P{XP}ecd05241 NA P{XP}ecd05899 NA P{XP}ecd05948 NA P{XP}ecd10818 NA miscellaneous insertions copia{}ec1 NA P{SUPor-P}ecKG09175 NA P{SUPor-P}ecKG10228 NA P{UAS-AT-1.26Q}ecspok NA PBac{RB}ece03933 NA PBac{WH}ecf01378 NA PBac{WH}ecf05833 NA PBac{WH}ecf06099 NA PBac{WH}ecf06458 NA PBac{WH}ecf07336 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacZ}ecPlacZ No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 9 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein phosphatase 1 binding inferred from physical interaction with flw (Bennett et al., 2006) inferred from physical interaction with Pp1-13C (Bennett et al., 2006) inferred from physical interaction with Pp1-87B (Bennett et al., 2006) inferred from physical interaction with Pp1α-96A (Bennett et al., 2006) NOT ubiquitin-specific protease activity inferred from direct assay (Copeland et al., 2007)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Copeland et al., 2007) compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death inferred from mutant phenotype (Montrasio et al., 2007) ommatidial rotation inferred from mutant phenotype (Montrasio et al., 2007) NOT protein deubiquitination inferred from direct assay (Copeland et al., 2007)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ubiquitin thiolesterase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001394 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Copeland, 2004.3.18)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death traceable author statement (Gorski and Marra, 2002) retinal cell programmed cell death traceable author statement (Brachmann and Cagan, 2003) ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001394 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ec allele Gene References unspecified Bj1 (Gorski et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000542 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31339
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF22096 Dere\GG18676 Dgri\GH17608 Dmoj\GI16477 Dpse\GA22668 Dsec\GM12311 Dsim\anon-072 Dvir\GJ15954 Dwil\GK10224 Dyak\GE16315
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA15507   Dpse\ec (Sturtevant and Tan, 1937) Dvir\ec (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002171-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP000205-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_394511.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001944033.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA002483-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000013666 Bos taurus (bovine) CPIJ005165 Culex pipens (mosquito) 309463 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSECAP00000014115 Equus caballus (horse) ISCW007716-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMODP00000023644 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMUSP00000022356 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001603677.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSORLP00000003337 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM000420-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000002710 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000004570 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) XP_970294.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSXETP00000055737 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB15896 NV16297 LH14852 ISCW007716 FBgn0233848 FBgn0212239 FBgn0203140 FBgn0068632 FBgn0167248 JGI_V11_309463 FBgn0244071 FBgn0139225 FBgn0125078 FBgn0110886 FBgn0099095 CPIJ005165 BGIBMGA002483 ACYPI002866 GB16172 AGAP000205 AAEL002171 PHUM222100 GLEAN_11087
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 54 )
Bloomington	32 ec1
Harvard	- P{XP}ecd00965 - P{XP}ecd05241 - P{XP}ecd05948 - PBac{RB}ece03933 - PBac{WH}ecf01378 - PBac{WH}ecf05833
Kyoto	101088 ec1 105689 ec1 102042 sc1 ec1 105691 ec1 dx1
VDRC	v106671 P{KK101112}VIE-260B
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR19D19 CH221-14P20 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 57 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	IP13250
Other clones	AT28582
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH01961 RH02872 RH04763 RH06835 RH07132 RH11128 RH54648 RH57095 RH68894 RH74641 SD07803
Other clones	8677 14315 17459 36973 66429 84310 99630 102409 108300 160461 181129 273149 274590 277189 280760 281589 522366 542897 Cauquenes_24_F08 CK01.9A.E10 CK01.27B.C4 CK01.34A.E1 CK01.109B.D6 CK01.145B.E7 EK011738 EK023742 EK034513 EK045805 EK098847 EK107647 EK117139 EK129756 EK157302 EK174449 EK221947 EK234335 EK244846 EK263164 EK287146 EK304153 EK305546 EK306946 FGM213E06 FGM223F04
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000542 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31339
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
	Bridges, 6th Dec. 1915.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: ec CG2904 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of ec CG2904 was sequence comparison (date:040503). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	rst expression and sorting of interommatidial cells are not affected by ec mutations. (Reiter et al., 1996) Individuals homozygous for Bpt1 and ec exhibit no Bpt1 phenotype. A low frequency of individuals exhibit the lethal pharate adult phenotype. (Duus et al., 1992) A screen for rough eye mutants identifies ec, ec is required for normal elimination of surplus cells from the retinal epithelium. Cell death eliminates 2 or 3 cells per ommatidium 35 and 50 hours after pupation. (Wolff and Ready, 1991)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_130722 NM_166992 NM_001103407 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_570078 NP_726893 NP_001096877 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF45898 AAF45898.1 AAN09109 AAN09109.1 AAS86754 ABD77421 ABD77422 ABW09333 AL031130 AY576488 CAA20016 CZ481697 DQ327747 DQ418877 DQ418878 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31339 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O77283 Q1W9P9 Q1W9Q0 Q7K7E6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase C19, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 (IPR001394)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000542 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000542 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000542 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • HDC17287;HDC17289;CG2904-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000542 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31339 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002171-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP000205-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_394511.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001944033.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA002483-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000013666 Bos taurus (bovine) CPIJ005165 Culex pipens (mosquito) 309463 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSECAP00000014115 Equus caballus (horse) ISCW007716-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMODP00000023644 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMUSP00000022356 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001603677.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSORLP00000003337 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM000420-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000002710 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000004570 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) XP_970294.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSXETP00000055737 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31339 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000542 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB15896 NV16297 LH14852 ISCW007716 FBgn0233848 FBgn0212239 FBgn0203140 FBgn0068632 FBgn0167248 JGI_V11_309463 FBgn0244071 FBgn0139225 FBgn0125078 FBgn0110886 FBgn0099095 CPIJ005165 BGIBMGA002483 ACYPI002866 GB16172 AGAP000205 AAEL002171 PHUM222100 GLEAN_11087
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG2904 (Copeland et al., 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Foley et al., 2010, Bennett et al., 2006) ec (Gilfillan et al., 2006, Montrasio et al., 2007, Copeland et al., 2007, Popodi et al., 2010-, Singh et al., 2009) EG:EG0002.3 (Huntley and Golding, 2004, Butler et al., 2003, Benos, 1998.9.11, )
Name Synonym	echinus (Singh et al., 2008, Montrasio et al., 2007, Copeland et al., 2007, Manak et al., 2006, Singh et al., 2009, Bennett et al., 2006)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0025376
References ( 76 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 76 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 47 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 6 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Book  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Foley et al., 2010, Biol. Letts 6(1): 102--105 Does segregating variation in sexual or microhabitat preferences lead to non-random mating within a population of Drosophila melanogaster? [FBrf0209672] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...