FB2022_02, released March 29, 2022

Gene: Dmel\Eh

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Eh
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Eclosion hormone
Annotation Symbol
CG5400
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000564
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Eclosion hormone (Eh) encodes a neurohormone involved in the control of ecdysis. At each ecdysis, the neurohormone is released into the hemolymph where it serves to potentiate the release of the product of ETH through a positive endocrine feedback loop. The product of Eh is also released into the nervous system where it contributes to turning on ecdysis. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

DMEHAB, Drm-EH

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
90B1-90B1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-61
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:17446642..17448858
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ecdysis-triggering hormone activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006825
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables eclosion hormone activity
non-traceable author statement
(Hewes and Taghert, 2001)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Horodyski et al., 1993)
enables neuropeptide hormone activity
traceable author statement
(vanden Broeck, 2001)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Krüger et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in eclosion
traceable author statement
(vanden Broeck, 2001)
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006825
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
traceable author statement
(vanden Broeck, 2001)
involved_in regulation of eclosion
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Horodyski et al., 1993)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from sequence model
(Horodyski et al., 1993)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the insect eclosion hormone family. (Q07892)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Eclosion hormone (Eh) encodes a neurohormone involved in the control of ecdysis. At each ecdysis, the neurohormone is released into the hemolymph where it serves to potentiate the release of the product of ETH through a positive endocrine feedback loop. The product of Eh is also released into the nervous system where it contributes to turning on ecdysis. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NEUROPEPTIDES -
Neuropeptides are secreted into the extracellular space where they interact with cell surface receptors (usually G protein coupled receptors). They are extremely diverse, acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones or growth factors. (Adapted from FBrf0211443 and PMID:27813667).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Neuropeptide that triggers the performance of ecdysis behaviors at the end of a molt. It triggers adult behavior patterns: larval, pupal and adult ecdysis, and plasticization during the molt.
(UniProt, Q07892)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

neuropeptide - acts directly on the CNS to release the stereotyped motor programs that trigger the shedding of the old cuticle at the end of each molt

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Eh for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q07892)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Eh-RA
FBtr0083444
NM_079662
704
97
Eh-RB
FBtr0334930
NM_001275739
700
97
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Eh-PA
FBpp0082885
10.6
97
7.22
NP_524386
AAF55423
Eh-PB
FBpp0306950
10.6
97
7.22
NP_001262668
AGB96048
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

97 aa isoforms: Eh-PA, Eh-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Eh using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Scott et al., 2020)
second instar larval stage
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Scott et al., 2020)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS)
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pharate adult stage
adult central brain | restricted
(Scott et al., 2020)
Additional Descriptive Data

Eh protein is observed in EH neurosecretory neuron (Vm) neurons in pharate adults. In addition, expression is observed in locations similar to two groups of dorsal neurons in the central brain stained with a Gal4 reporter (Scer\GAL4Eh-pan-Gal4). One of these groups consists of 6-7 closely clustered neurons laterally disposed in each brain hemisphere with cell bodies near the superior posterior slope (referred to as dorsolateral (Dl) neurons). The second group consists of approximately three pairs of neurons clustered around the midline at the level of the Antler (referred to as the dorsomedial (Dm) neurons).

(Scott et al., 2020)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GAL4-Eh.0.8}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 17 -- wandering third instar larval stage
brain | restricted
(McNabb et al., 1997)
neuron of brain | subset
(McNabb et al., 1997)
neuron | subset
(McNabb et al., 1997)
Reporter: P{GAL4-Eh.2.4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 17 -- wandering third instar larval stage
neuron | subset
(McNabb et al., 1997)
brain | restricted
(McNabb et al., 1997)
neuron of brain | subset
(McNabb et al., 1997)
larval stage -- pupal stage
larval Eh neurosecretory neuron
(Grönke et al., 2009)
larval stage -- adult stage
neuron of brain | subset
(Clark et al., 2002)
brain | restricted
(Clark et al., 2002)
neuron | subset
(Clark et al., 2002)
pupal stage
neuron of central nervous system | subset
(Baker et al., 1999)
central nervous system | restricted
(Baker et al., 1999)
neuron | subset
(Baker et al., 1999)
pharate adult stage P14 -- P15
pupal Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum
(Selcho et al., 2018)
Reporter: TI{2A-GAL4}Ehpan-Gal4
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
embryonic/larval anterior spiracle
(Scott et al., 2020)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Scott et al., 2020)
Keilin's organ | surrounding
(Scott et al., 2020)
mouthpart
(Scott et al., 2020)
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk
(Scott et al., 2020)
larval Eh neurosecretory neuron
(Scott et al., 2020)
pharate adult stage
mouthpart
(Scott et al., 2020)
air sac primordium
(Scott et al., 2020)
adult central brain | restricted
(Scott et al., 2020)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Eh in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Eh
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Eh
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Eh
(Krüger et al., 2015)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(3R)Eh)
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Other Phenotypes
Allele
majority die during larval stage (with Df(3R)Eh)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-61
    Cytogenetic map
    90B1-90B1
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    90B1-90B1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG5208EP562&P{EP}DadEP3196 and P{PZ}l(3)0788207882
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    90B1-90B2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Horodyski et al., 1993, Horodyski, 1992)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-61

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-59.6

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (7)
    Genomic Clones (31)
    cDNA Clones (3)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Scott et al., 2020)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Other Comments

        In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

        (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)

        Isolation and characterisation of Eh.

        (Horodyski et al., 1993)

        Eh gene structure and expression has been characterised.

        (Horodyski et al., 1990)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 33 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG5400
        (Perkins et al., 2009.3.31)
        DMEHAB
        (Kennington et al., 2006, Colson and Goldstein, 1999, Schug et al., 1998, Schug et al., 1997)
        Drm-EH
        (Nassel, 2002, vanden Broeck, 2001)
        EH
        (Mark et al., 2021, Nässel and Zandawala, 2020, Gong et al., 2019, Nässel et al., 2019, Hwang et al., 2014, Cherbas et al., 2011, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Rayburn et al., 2009, McNabb and Truman, 2008, Morton et al., 2008, Park et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2007, Davis et al., 2007, Casci, 2004, Clark et al., 2002, McNabb and Truman, 1999, Baker and Truman, 1997, McNabb et al., 1997, McNabb et al., 1997, McNabb et al., 1995, Horodyski et al., 1993)
        EHAB
        (Colson and Goldstein, 1999)
        Eh
        (Pang et al., 2021, Scott et al., 2020, Yue et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2019, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Selcho et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Mena et al., 2016, Reid and O'Brochta, 2016, Krüger et al., 2015, Kondo and Ueda, 2013, Kondo and Ueda, 2013, Thomas et al., 2012, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Coffman et al., 2005)
        eh
        (Golovnin et al., 2015, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Santos et al., 2007, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005, Horodyski, 1993.5.27, Horodyski, 1993.5.27)
        Name Synonyms
        Eclosion hormone
        (Kondo and Ueda, 2013, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Nassel, 2002, Horodyski et al., 1993)
        eclosion hormone
        (Mena et al., 2016, Hwang et al., 2014, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Rayburn et al., 2009, Zhou et al., 2009, McNabb and Truman, 2008, Park et al., 2008, Veenstra et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2007, Davis et al., 2007, Santos et al., 2007)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0026855
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        References (92)