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Gene Dmel\E(spl)m8-HLH

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\E(spl)m8-HLH	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Enhancer of split m8, helix-loop-helix	Annotation symbol	CG8365
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000591
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	10 publicly available
Also Known As	m8, E(spl)m8, e(spl), E(spl)-m8, HLHm8, E(spl)-C, Su(H)m8, E(spl) m8, Hes, Espl
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-89.1
Cytogenetic map	96F10-96F10	Sequence location	3R:21,865,962..21,866,730 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Enhancer of split m8, helix-loop-helix is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\E(spl)m8-HLH (CG8365, FBgn0000591). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription; sequence-specific DNA binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: sensory organ precursor cell fate determination; compound eye development; dendrite morphogenesis; neuron development; negative regulation of gene expression; mesoderm development. 83 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; organ system; external compound sense organ; peripheral nervous system; portion of tissue; late extended germ band embryo; thoracic segment; extended germ band embryo; non-connected developing system. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain; Orange; Orange subgroup. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1629966_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of E(spl). Gene sequence location is 3R:21865962..21866730.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	E(spl): Enhancer of split Locus involved in the differentiation of the neural ectoderm into neuroblasts and epidermoblasts. Increased levels of gene product favor epidermal differentiation, whereas decreased levels favor neuronal differentiation. Locus originally identified by the split-enhancing feature of a dominant gain-of-function mutation. Loss of function mutations are lethals and are described separately. A weak hypomorphic allele described as gro (groucho) is also described below. E(spl) causes spl/+ to display a split phenotype and elicits a more extreme phenotype in spl/spl and spl/Y. The spl-enhancing effect of E(spl)1 is suppressed in flies heterozygous for Dl (Shepard, Boverman, and Muskavitch, 1989, Genetics 122: 429-38). With respect to enhancement, +/+/+ < +/E(spl) < E(spl)/+/+ < E(spl)/E(spl), in accord with expectations from a hypermorphic allele; duplication for E(spl)+ achieved with Dp(3;3)M95A+16. In the absence of spl, E(spl) causes slight roughening of the eyes; furthermore, depending on parental constitution, varying percentages of embryos display defects in central- and peripheral-nervous-system development and irregular cuticular defects. A fraction of these fail to develop; percentages vary from 25% neural hypoplasia and 8% embryonic mortality in crosses between homozygous E(spl) parents to 100% death and 78% neural hypoplasia when both parents are E(spl)/Dp(3;3)M95A+. Both of these effects are sensitive to maternal genotype. That E(spl) is not simply a hypermorph is indicated by the fact that although +/Df(3R)Espl is viable, E(spl)/Df(3R)Espl is virtually lethal, especially when the deficiency is maternally inherited. Embryos homozygous for loss-of-function alleles vary in phenotype from weak to very strong neural hyperplasia, with concomitant aplasia of the epidermal sheath. Heterozygotes for stronger hypomorphic alleles may show terminal thickening of wing veins L4 and L5, and may have adventitious vein segments in the posterior wing membrane. Double heterozygotes for E(spl) loss-of-function alleles and either N or Dl are lethal. In the adult, increasing levels of E(spl) function result in increasing levels of split enhancement and in decreased numbers of sensilla as measured by the number of costal bristles on the wing. Conversely, decreased E(spl) function results in larger eyes and more sensilla plus ectopic sensory neurons appearing in the wing blade, especially along the posterior margin. Hemizygosity for E(spl)+ completely suppresses spl. Three doses of E(spl)+ increase the severity of the effects of the absence of function of Dl, reduce the severity of the absence of function of N, neu and mam and are without effect on the phenotype of bib-; conversely, absence of function of E(spl) is not affected by hyperploidy for any of the neurogenic loci or by loss of H function; from this De la Concha et al. infer that E(spl) is positively controlled by N and negatively controlled by H and Dl. Unlike the results using other neurogenic mutants, single vitally stained cells taken from the neurogenic ectoderm of E(spl)- embryos and transplanted into wildtype host embryos fail to give rise to clones containing epidermal cells; only neuronal elements are produced. This observation is interpreted to indicate that the E(spl)+ product serves a receptor rather than a signalling function (Technau and Campos-Ortega, 1987, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 4500-04).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Alleles E(spl)m8-HLH[SA.Deltagro.Scer\UAS] E(spl)m8-HLH[Deltagro.Scer\UAS] E(spl)m8-HLH[SD.Deltagro.Scer\UAS] Transgenic Constructs P{UAS-E(spl)m8-HLH.SD.DeltaGro} P{UAS-E(spl)m8-HLH.SA.DeltaGro} P{UAS-E(spl)m8-HLH.DeltaGro}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 96F10-96F10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 96F11-96F14   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ranz et al., 1997) 96F11-96F14   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Preiss et al., 1988) 96F8-96F13   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Knust et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-89.1   3-89 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\E(spl)m8-HLH for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.42 Gene model reviewed during 5.48
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) E(spl)m8-HLH-RA FBtr0084961  NM_079789   769   179
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.0 (northern blot) (Knust et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein E(spl)m8-HLH-PA   FBpp0084335   20.3   179   9.14     NP_524513   AAF56555
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	179 (aa); 19.7 (kD predicted) (Klambt et al., 1989)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Orange subgroup (IPR018352) Orange (IPR003650) Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain (IPR011598)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014297 AAF56555   AY779906 AAV59051   AY779907 AAV59063   AY779908 AAV59075   AY779909 AAV59087   AY779910 AAV59099   AY779911 AAV59111   AY779912 AAV59123   AY779913 AAV59135   AY779914 AAV59147   AY779915 AAV59159   AY779916 AAV59171   AY779917 AAV59183   AY779918 AAV59195   AY779919 AAV59207   AY779920 AAV59219   AY779921 AAV59231   BT028829   BT028834   BT028861   BT028867   DQ138662 ABA86268   EL879054   EL879125   EL879183   X16549   X16550   X16553 CAA34554
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P13098
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160018 3R:21,865,329..21,865,337 bound_moiety=Su(H)-XP comment=E(spl) binding site 3 for Su(H) protein. evidence=experimental (Bailey and Posakony, 1995, Lecourtois and Schweisguth, 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160002 3R:21,865,738..21,865,746 bound_moiety=Su(H)-XP comment=E(spl) binding site 2 for Su(H) protein. evidence=experimental (Bailey and Posakony, 1995, Lecourtois and Schweisguth, 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160003 3R:21,865,762..21,865,770 bound_moiety=Su(H)-XP comment=E(spl) binding site 1 for Su(H) protein. evidence=experimental (Bailey and Posakony, 1995, Lecourtois and Schweisguth, 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160005 3R:21,865,808..21,865,817 comment=Bound by da/ac and da/sc complexes and weakly by da/da homodimers. bound_moiety=da/da, da/ac, da/sc proneural protein complexes evidence=experimental (Singson et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000161011 3R:21,865,771..21,865,785 bound_moiety=E(spl)-XP evidence=experimental bound_moiety=HLHm5-XP (Oellers et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) regulatory region FBsf0000435539 3R:21,863,308..21,866,068 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435737 3R:21,865,812..21,866,068 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436032 3R:21,865,488..21,866,068 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436666 3R:21,864,876..21,866,138 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Cave et al., 2005, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436809 3R:21,861,313..21,862,672 (Papatsenko and Levine, 2005, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436820 3R:21,864,777..21,865,879 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Castro et al., 2005, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436840 3R:21,865,488..21,865,707 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   mesectoderm   (Maier et al., 1993) peripheral nervous system   (Maier et al., 1993) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Maier et al., 1993) ventral neurectoderm   (Maier et al., 1993) embryonic/larval brain   (Maier et al., 1993) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   mesectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 5   organism | striped   (Knust et al., 1987) embryonic stage 6 -- 8   mesectoderm   (Wech et al., 1999) amnioserosa anlage   (Wech et al., 1999) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 8 -- 11   ventral neurectoderm   (Wech et al., 1999) proneural cluster   (Wech et al., 1999) embryonic stage 9   endoderm   (Wech et al., 1999) Comment:transiently expressed embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium anterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as dorsal epidermis anlage posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) stomatogastric nervous system primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 10   posterior midgut primordium   (Knust et al., 1987) supraesophageal ganglion   (Knust et al., 1987) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   anterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as head epidermis primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as head epidermis primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as head epidermis primordium pars intercerebralis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) stomatogastric nervous system primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   stomatogastric nervous system primordium   (Knust et al., 1987) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Knust et al., 1987) embryonic stage 12 -- 15   embryonic head segment   (Wech et al., 1999) embryonic thoracic segment   (Wech et al., 1999) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic central brain pars intercerebralis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic optic lobe   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stomatogastric nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 5 -- 13     (Knust et al., 1987) Comment:reference states 2-10 hr AEL embryonic stage 7 -- 11   ectoderm   (Knust et al., 1987) embryonic stage 11   epidermis | restricted   (Knust et al., 1987) Comment:late stage 11 embryonic stage 11 -- 12   mesoderm   (Knust et al., 1987)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The distribution of embryonic Dhyd\E(spl) transcripts was compared in D. melanogaster and D. hydei. The patterns of embryonic gene activity were found to be nearly indistinguishable. Mesectodermal expression was observed earlier in melanogaster embryos. (Maier et al., 1993) The peak of Dhyd\E(spl) expression during embryogenesis occurs at 2-10 hours. In the late blastoderm, expression is detected in a 2-3 cell-wide stripe on each side of the embryo, in groups of cells over the dorsal half of the poles, and abundantly in a dorsomedian band spanning the anterioposterior axis. During germ band extension, ectodermal expression is detected, and at the extended germ band stage, epidermal expression is abundant. In late stage 11, epidermal expression becomes patchy. At stage 10, the primordia of the supraoesophageal ganglion and the posterior midgut express Dhyd\E(spl). From stage 11 through late stage 12, expression is detected in the entire mesodermal layer. From late stage 11 through stage 14, expression is also detected in the primordia of the stomatogastric nervous system and in the optic lobes. (Knust et al., 1987)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{E(spl)-2.61} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference blastoderm stage   mesoderm anlage   (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994) embryonic stage 5 -- 6   mesectoderm anlage   (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994) embryonic stage 7 -- 9   ventral neurectoderm   (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994) embryonic stage 10 -- 17   neuroepidermoblast   (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994) third instar larval stage   joint   (Bishop et al., 1999) leg sensillum | precursor   (Bishop et al., 1999) wing disc | restricted   (Bailey and Posakony, 1995) chordotonal organ of tibia   (Bishop et al., 1999) chordotonal organ of femur   (Bishop et al., 1999) imaginal disc | restricted   (Bishop et al., 1999) pupal stage   joint   (Bishop et al., 1999)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    106.575 Larval Midgut    0.8 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.6 Larval Fat Body    4.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.625 Larval Carcass    6.325 Adult Head    1.6 Adult Eye    0.575 Adult Brain    0.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6 Adult Crop    2.3 Adult Midgut    0.9 Adult Hindgut    3.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    1.2 Adult Heart    0.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.8 Adult Carcass    1.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    1.6   NA  Eye    0.575   NA  Brain    0.5   106.575  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.6   NA  Crop    2.3   0.8  Midgut    0.9   0.9  Hindgut    3.7   0.6  Malpighian Tubules    1.4   4.9  Fat Body    2.5   1.5  Salivary Gland    1.2   NA  Heart    0.85   1.625  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.8   NA  Ovary    0.9   NA  Testis    1.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    0.8   6.325  Carcass    1.1 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3    30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3  (30) central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3    30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3    30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3    30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3  30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3    30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    20 central nervous system, larvae L3    30 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    43 embryo 06-08hr    94 embryo 08-10hr    63 embryo 10-12hr    31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr  (43) embryo 06-08hr  (94) embryo 08-10hr  (63) embryo 10-12hr  (31) embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    43 embryo 06-08hr    94 embryo 08-10hr    63 embryo 10-12hr    31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    43 embryo 06-08hr    94 embryo 08-10hr    63 embryo 10-12hr    31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    43 embryo 06-08hr    94 embryo 08-10hr    63 embryo 10-12hr    31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr  (43) embryo 06-08hr  (94) embryo 08-10hr  (63) embryo 10-12hr  31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    43 embryo 06-08hr    94 embryo 08-10hr    63 embryo 10-12hr    31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    43 embryo 06-08hr    94 embryo 08-10hr    63 embryo 10-12hr    31 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    9 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    15 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (Graveley et al., 2011) mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RT01041 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000591 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8365-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele cell lethal | somatic clone E(spl)m8-HLHrv2 lethal E(spl)m8-HLHr10 E(spl)m8-HLHr13 E(spl)m8-HLHr14 E(spl)m8-HLHr21 E(spl)m8-HLHr23 E(spl)m8-HLHr24 E(spl)m8-HLHr25 E(spl)m8-HLHr26 lethal, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHSA.Scer\UAS lethal | embryonic stage E(spl)m8-HLHrv28 E(spl)m8-HLHrv32 lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHSA.Scer\UAS lethal | embryonic stage | neurogenic phenotype E(spl)m8-HLHr26 lethal | embryonic stage | neurogenic phenotype | recessive E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 E(spl)m8-HLHrv2 lethal | neurogenic phenotype E(spl)m8-HLHr21 lethal | recessive E(spl)m8-HLHr10 E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 E(spl)m8-HLHrv29 E(spl)m8-HLHrv30 E(spl)m8-HLHrv31 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 E(spl)m8-HLHGD4447 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 visible E(spl)m8-HLH1 E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut E(spl)m8-HLHK:CAACdel visible, with Scer\GAL432B E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa visible, with Scer\GAL4455.2 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa visible, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa visible, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cLa visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa visible, with Scer\GAL4unspecified E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS visible | dominant E(spl)m8-HLH1 visible | recessive E(spl)m8-HLHr26 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult abdomen & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIII.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIV.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHLH.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH1,stop.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa adult head & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIII.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHLH.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH1,stop.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHP-L.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa adult peripheral nervous system E(spl)m8-HLHK:CAACdel anterior orbital bristle E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa chaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa chaeta & mesothoracic tergum E(spl)m8-HLHSm.gypsy\su(Hw)BR-430 E(spl)m8-HLHgypsy\su(Hw)BR-430 chemosensory ventral triple row bristle, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa chordotonal organ precursor cell & ventral thoracic disc, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa corpus cardiacum primordium, with Scer\GAL4twi.2PE E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa crossvein E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut distal sensillum, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa dorsal triple row, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa embryonic/larval corpus cardiacum E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 embryonic/larval somatic muscle E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa embryonic/larval somatic muscle | germline clone E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 embryonic epidermis E(spl)m8-HLHID06 E(spl)m8-HLHr15 E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 E(spl)m8-HLHrv2 embryonic neuroblast | supernumerary E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 eo neuron, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa epidermis | somatic clone E(spl)m8-HLHrv2 external sensory organ precursor cell E(spl)m8-HLHSm.gypsy\su(Hw)BR-430 eye E(spl)m8-HLH1 E(spl)m8-HLHBE22 E(spl)m8-HLHBE25 E(spl)m8-HLHBX23 E(spl)m8-HLHBX37 E(spl)m8-HLHr15 eye, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 E(spl)m8-HLHSA.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4unspecified E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS eye | somatic clone E(spl)m8-HLHrv2 eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS interocellar bristle E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cKa E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLH1,bd-.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLH1,bd-.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cKa E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa macrochaeta & scutellum, with Scer\GAL4455.2 E(spl)m8-HLHSA.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cKa macrochaeta | ectopic & scutellum, with Scer\GAL4455.2 E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa microchaeta & mesothoracic tergum E(spl)m8-HLH1 middle sensillum, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa morphogenetic furrow, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 E(spl)m8-HLHDN.Scer\UAS morphogenetic furrow | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa muscle founder cell, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa muscle founder cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa nervous system E(spl)m8-HLHrv29 E(spl)m8-HLHrv30 E(spl)m8-HLHunspecified neuroblast E(spl)m8-HLHDrv202.96 ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS peripheral nervous system, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa postvertical bristle E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut scutellar bristle E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4455.2 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cKa E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa E(spl)m8-HLH123-179.CtD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHS159D.123-179.CtD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cLa scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa scutellar bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4455.2 E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Δgro.Scer\UAS scutellar bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Δgro.Scer\UAS scutum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa scutum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa scutum & macrochaeta & adult, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIV.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHLH.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH+,stop.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH1,stop.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa E(spl)m8-HLHbHLH.Scer\UAS scutum & microchaeta, with Scer\GAL432B E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa scutum & microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa sensillum campaniformium of anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa socket | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIII.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIV.Scer\UAS E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHLH.Scer\UAS wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL432B E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa wing vein E(spl)m8-HLH1 E(spl)m8-HLHK:CAACdel wing vein, with Scer\GAL432B E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa wing vein, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa
Classical Alleles ( 26 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of E(spl)m8-HLH Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion E(spl)m8-HLH1 gain of function allele spontaneous 2 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHrv1 X ray 2 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHBE22 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHBE25 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHBX23 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHBX37 X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHDrv202.96 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHgro-11 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHID06 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHR-B251 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr15 X ray 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr23 X ray 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr24 X ray 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHr25 X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHr26 X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHrv28 loss of function allele X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHrv29 X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHrv2 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHrv30 X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHrv31 X ray 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHrv32 loss of function allele X ray 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 60 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of E(spl)m8-HLH Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion E(spl)m8-HLHGD4447 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHJF02096 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHKK103719 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cNa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+,bd- in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+,del in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+,P-N in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+,P-T in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+,stop.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+,stop in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+:1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+t10.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+t10 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+t2.8 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+t25 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH+t3.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1,bd-.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1,bd- in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1,P-N in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1,P-T in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1,stop.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1,stop in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1.tKa in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1.tNa in vitro construct 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH123-179.CtD.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLH1:+ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHAct5C.PG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHAct5C.PJ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHAct5C.PO in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHbHLH.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHDN.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 -- E(spl)m8-HLHgypsy\su(Hw)BR-430 in vitro construct 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHhb.PD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHK1K2mut in vitro construct 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHK:CAACdel in vitro construct 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHNIG.8365R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHP-L.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHS159D.123-179.CtD.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHSA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHSA.Δgro.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHSD.Δgro.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHSm.gypsy\su(Hw)BR-430 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHtLa in vitro construct 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔ.tNa in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIII.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHIV.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔbHLH.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔC+WRPW.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔgro.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔHIII:IV.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes E(spl)m8-HLHΔWRPW.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)B204 (Jurgens et al., 1984) Df(3R)B219 (Muller et al., 1999) Df(3R)boss9 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)E(spl)-r8.1 (Schrons et al., 1992, Heitzler et al., 1996) Df(3R)E(spl)-r72.1 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)E(spl)-rv27 (Schrons et al., 1992, Tietze et al., 1993, Heitzler et al., 1996, de Celis et al., 1996) Df(3R)Espl1 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Bodmer et al., 1993, Bate et al., 1993) Df(3R)Espl4 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)Espl9 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)Espl10 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)Espl22 (Ligoxygakis et al., 1998, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, Jagla et al., 1997, Price et al., 1997) Df(3R)Exel6204 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)grob32.2 (Ligoxygakis et al., 1998, Schrons et al., 1992, de Celis et al., 1996) Df(3R)gror32.1 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)grory78R-r171.1 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)P11 (Nagel et al., 2000) Df(3R)P709 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)ro82b (Preiss et al., 1988) T(2;3)boss3 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Ts(YLt;3Lt)G73 (Jurgens et al., 1984)
Duplicated in	Dp(3;3)M95A+16 (Knust et al., 1987, de la Concha et al., 1988) Dp(3;3)Su8 (de la Concha et al., 1988)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)boss15 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)boss16 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)E(spl)-rv27 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)E(spl)δ-6 (Chanet et al., 2009, Bardin et al., 2010) Df(3R)Tl-Q (Preiss et al., 1988)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{UAS-E(spl)m8-HLH.SA.ΔGro} NA P{UAS-E(spl)m8-HLH.SD.ΔGro} NA P{UAS-E(spl)m8-HLH.ΔGro} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}K33 No P{lacZ}E(spl)m8-HLH1 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein heterodimerization activity inferred from physical interaction with HLHm5 (Oellers et al., 1994) protein homodimerization activity inferred from physical interaction with E(spl) (Oellers et al., 1994) RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription inferred from direct assay (Oellers et al., 1994) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Jennings et al., 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye development inferred from mutant phenotype (Bose et al., 2006) dendrite morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) mesoderm development inferred from mutant phenotype (Corbin et al., 1991) negative regulation of gene expression inferred from mutant phenotype (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) neuron development inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) sensory organ precursor cell fate determination inferred from mutant phenotype (Castro et al., 2005)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell fate commitment non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) compound eye development traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000) ectoderm development traceable author statement (Corbin et al., 1991) epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Frankfort and Mardon, 2002) imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis non-traceable author statement (Majumdar et al., 1997) negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from sequence or structural similarity with mouse Hes1 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) Notch signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Frankfort and Mardon, 2002) peripheral nervous system development traceable author statement (Prokopenko et al., 2000) regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye non-traceable author statement (Frankfort and Mardon, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
E(spl)m8-HLH - Arf79F anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Arp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - CG32219 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) E(spl)m8-HLH - Cct5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Chc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - CkIIα anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Fbp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) E(spl)m8-HLH - Hsc70-1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Hsp68 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Mdh2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Pgk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Rab1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Rab14 experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Rab5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Rab7 experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - RpS15Ab anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) E(spl)m8-HLH - TER94 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - Trap1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - dgrn pull down, autoradiography (Barry et al., 2011) E(spl)m8-HLH - skpA anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) E(spl)m8-HLH - slmb anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) E(spl)m8-HLH - βTub85D anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions E(spl)m8-HLH allele Gene References E(spl)1.Scer\UAS N (Nagel et al., 1999) E(spl)1.tKa N (Tietze et al., 1993) E(spl)1.tNa N (Nagel et al., 1999) E(spl)1 gro (Ziemer et al., 1988) N (Shepard et al., 1989, Xu et al., 1990, Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990, Grushko et al., 1998, Nagel and Preiss, 1999, Karandikar et al., 2004) E(spl)+t2.8 N (Nagel et al., 1999) E(spl)K1K2mut H (Lai et al., 1998) N (Lai et al., 1998) E(spl)K:CAACdel H (Lai et al., 1998) N (Lai et al., 1998) E(spl)rv29 gro (Ziemer et al., 1988) N (Ziemer et al., 1988) E(spl)rv30 N (Ziemer et al., 1988) E(spl)rv31 N (Ziemer et al., 1988) E(spl)Scer\UAS.cNa N (Ligoxygakis et al., 1999) Su(H) (Klein et al., 2000) E(spl)Scer\UAS.cSa amos (Villa-Cuesta et al., 2003) kuz (Sotillos et al., 1997) E(spl)Scer\UAS.cTa sens (Nolo et al., 2000) E(spl)unspecified gro (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) E(spl)ΔbHIV.Scer\UAS l(1)sc (Giebel and Campos-Ortega, 1997) E(spl)ΔbHLH.Scer\UAS l(1)sc (Giebel and Campos-Ortega, 1997) unspecified CkIIα (Bose et al., 2006) Dl (Vassin et al., 1985, Shepard et al., 1989) gro (Price et al., 1997) H (Vassin et al., 1985) l(1)sc (Giebel and Campos-Ortega, 1997, Rottgen et al., 1998) N (Vassin et al., 1985, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) rho (Sturtevant and Bier, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68061 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000591 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000591 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43161
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (12) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6KWKDB Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6KWKDB)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\E(spl)m8-HLH     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\E(spl) Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10301 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG11459 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE23650 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF16802 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA21022 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL21823 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK14460 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ23910 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI24693 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH19459 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\E(spl) Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10301 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG11459 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE23650 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF16802 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA21022 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL21823 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK14460 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ23910 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI24693 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH19459
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 10 )
Bloomington	26872 w*; P{UAS-E(spl).T}3 2447 e4 E(spl)m8-HLH1 26322 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02096}attP2 26873 w*; P{UAS-E(spl).N}8602/CyO, P{elav-lacZ.H}YH2 199 In(3R)E(spl)rv1, E(spl)m8-HLHrv1/TM6B, Tb1
Kyoto	107334 e4 E(spl)m8-HLH1 105783 E(spl)m8-HLHrv1/TM6B, Tb1
VDRC	v108226 P{KK103719}VIE-260B v37685 w1118; P{GD4447}v37685 v37686 w1118; P{GD4447}v37686
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR13F13 BACR22N13 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 8 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	DPiM_RT01041 RT01041 RT01058 RT01141 RT01158
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	IP08964 IP09064 IP09164
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000591 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43161
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: E(spl)m8-HLH E(spl) (Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 2012.8.8)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of E(spl) results in reduced arborization of ddaD and ddaE neurons, alterations in the number of MD neurons, defects in dendrite morphogenesis and reproducible defects in da dendrite development. (Parrish et al., 2006) CkIIα may regulate eye morphogenesis via phosphorylation of E(spl). (Karandikar et al., 2004) Mutant allele fails to complement a QTL affecting male mating behaviour. (Moehring and Mackay, 2004) Neither E(spl) nor Su(H) seem to be involved in the N pathway that directs the neuron/glia choice in the PNS. (van de Bor and Giangrande, 2001) Enhancement of the Nspl-1 phenotype by E(spl)1 occurs within the remaining proneural cells, operating primarily at the protein level due to altered protein-protein interactions between E(spl)1 gene product and the proneural proteins. (Nagel and Preiss, 1999) The distinct expression patterns of genes of the E(spl) complex in imaginal tissues depend to a significant degree on the capacity of their transcriptional cis-regulatory apparatus to respond selectively to direct proneural and Su(H)-mediated activation, often in a subset of the territories and cells in which proneural and Su(H) regulation is occurring. (Nellesen et al., 1999) Candidate gene for quantitative trait (QTL) locus determining bristle number. (Nuzhdin et al., 1999) Cells neighboring the SMC do not acquire the neural fate because N signalling pathway effectors, the HLH proteins of the E(spl) complex, block the sc self-regulation loop. (Culi and Modolell, 1998) Functional dissection of the E(spl) protein reveals E(spl) suppresses neural development by direct interaction with other proteins, such as gro and the proneural proteins. (Giebel and Campos-Ortega, 1997) E(spl) functions in the N pathway in its role at the wing dorsoventral boundary. (de Celis et al., 1996) The genes of the E(spl) complex mediate only a subset of N activities during imaginal development. Comparisons of mutant phenotypes suggests that the N pathway bifurcates after the activation of Su(H) and that E(spl) activity is not required when the consequence of N function is the transcriptional activation of downstream genes. Transcriptional activation mediated by Su(H) and transcriptional repression mediated by E(spl) could provide greater diversity in the response of individual genes to N activity. (de Celis et al., 1996) The bHLH domains of the gene products encoded by the E(spl)-C and AS-C differ in their ability to form homo- and/or heterodimers. The interactions established through the bHLH link the products of the two complexes in a single interaction network which may function to ensure that a given cell retains the capacity to choose between epidermoblast and neuroblast fates until the cell becomes definitively determined. (Gigliani et al., 1996) Proneural and neurogenic genes control specification and morphogenesis of stomatogastric nerve cell precursors. (Hartenstein et al., 1996) Clones mutant for E(spl)-C bHLH-encoding genes or for gro display bristle hyperplasia. The E(spl)-C genes participate in the N signalling pathway. E(spl)-C mutants are epistatic over a gain of function mutant of N and ac-sc mutants are epistatic over E(spl)-C mutants. Expression in Schneider cells demonstrates HLHm5 and E(spl) mediate transcriptional repression of an ac Ecol\CAT reporter gene, gro potentiates this effect. (Heitzler et al., 1996) Mutations show no interaction with high and low selection lines, abdominal and sternopleural bristle numbers are not affected. Results suggest E(spl) is not a candidate for bristle number quantitative trait loci (QTL) in natural populations or is in the same genetic pathway. (Long et al., 1996) Persistent expression of E(spl) and HLHm5 suppresses neural development. (Nakao and Campos-Ortega, 1996) The yeast interaction system has been used to study the E(spl) complex genes, results suggest that E(spl) and gro form a highly interconnected interacting network involved in transcriptional regulation. (Alifragis and Delidakis, 1995) Almost all E(spl)-complex bHLH proteins can homo-hetero-dimerise, but not with the same efficiency. All E(spl)-complex bHLH proteins interact with gro protein via their C-terminal domain. E(spl)-complex bHLH proteins interact with proneural proteins, with members of the E(spl) family exhibiting distinct preferences for different proneural proteins. (Alifragis et al., 1995) Proximal upstream region contains multiple specific binding sites for Su(H). Integrity of these sites and Su(H) activity are required not only for normal levels of E(spl) complex gene expression in imaginal disc proneural clusters but also for their transcriptional response to hyperactivity of the N receptor. Su(H) is a direct regulatory link between N receptor activity and the expression of E(spl) complex genes, extending the known lineage of the N cell-cell signaling pathway. (Bailey and Posakony, 1995) The bristle loss phenotype of H mutants can be suppressed by deleting components of the E(spl)-complex. The degree of suppression depends on both the number and identity of E(spl)-complex transcription units removed. (Bang et al., 1995) The E(spl) and ASC complexes interact with each other through the HLH domains of their components. (Battaglia et al., 1995) Transcriptional repression by the h/E(spl) family of bHLH proteins involves two separable mechanisms: repression of specific transcriptional activators, such as sc, through the bHLH and orange domains and repression of other activators via interaction of the C-terminal WRPW motif with corepressors, such as the gro protein. (Dawson et al., 1995) E(spl) bHLH proteins are turned on in cells which are inhibited from becoming neural by signals from the delaminating neuroblast. (Jennings et al., 1995) E(spl) protein expression in ectodermal cells commences in the neuroectoderm when neuroblasts have began to delaminate. (Jennings et al., 1995) In late stages of development E(spl) BHLH gene products are part of the same signalling pathway and are expressed in cells where N is activated. Loss of N function leads to a reduction in E(spl) bHLH protein expression and the presence of ubiquitous activated N result in high levels of E(spl) bHLH throughout the developing wing disc, effects are independent of genes of the AS-C. (Jennings et al., 1995) Experiments with a chimeric E(spl) derivative with a heterologous transcriptional activation domain support the idea that E(spl) proteins normally act as direct repressors of transcriptional activation of regulatory genes, possibly including the ASC genes. (Jimenez and Ish-Horowicz, 1995) Gel retardation experiments demonstrate the 5' regulatory region from position -1166 to +87 contains in vitro binding sites for Su(H). (Lecourtois and Schweisguth, 1995) E(spl) complex basic helix loop helix genes inhibit neural fate during the selection of neural precursors, and play a role in restricting the neuronal fate to one of the four progeny cells of the bristle precursor. (Tata and Hartley, 1995) N signalling activity is directly responsible for the accumulation of basic helix-loop-helix proteins encoded by the E(spl) locus. (Jennings et al., 1994) The gene products of ac, sc and l(1)sc together with vnd act synergistically to specify the neuroectodermal E(spl) and HLHm5 expression. Negative cross- and autoregulatory interactions of the E(spl) complex contribute, directly or indirectly tot he regulation. (Kramatschek and Campos-Ortega, 1994) DNaseI footprinting analysis of bacterially expressed E(spl) and HLHm5 demonstrates the gene products can bind as homo- and heterodimers to a sequence in the promoters of the E(spl) and ac genes, called the N-box, which differs slightly from the consensus binding site for other bHLH proteins. (Oellers et al., 1994) Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that E(spl) is directly activated in proneural clusters of the late third-instar wing imaginal disc by protein complexes that include the ac and sc bHLH proteins. (Singson et al., 1994) E(spl) is a neurogenic gene required initially to ensure the correct number of PNS precursors. E(spl) is not required for the late epidermal maintenance function. (Bodmer et al., 1993) Conclusion based on interactions with Df(3R)E(spl)-rv27, as opposed to point mutations in E(spl) locus. (de Celis et al., 1993) NM1 defines a new class of Notch allele: similarity with and lack of specificity of interaction of N- and NM1 with H, mam, gro and E(spl) suggest that the NM1 effect is due to modification in the intracellular signalling of the activated N receptor. (de Celis et al., 1993) Arrangement and sequence of E(spl)-complex genes in D.melanogaster and D.hydei revealed that the E(spl)-gene, and the structure of complex are highly conserved, suggesting that each individual gene, as well as the organization of the complex, is of functional importance. (Maier et al., 1993) E(spl) complex gene expression pattern in N and neur mutants suggests the protein is required in dictating cell fates during embryogenesis. (Tata and Hartley, 1993) On basis of cross-hybridization and sequence data the E(spl) HLH genes can be placed into 3 groups. The first includes E(spl) and HLHm5, the second includes HLHm7, HLHm3, HLHmA and HLHmB and the last includes HLHmC. (Delidakis and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1992) The embryonic phenotype of neurogenic mutations was examined in most tissues using Ecol\lacZ enhancer trap lines. All alleles examined show defects in many organs from all three germ layers. At least for ectodermally and endodermally derived tissues, neurogenic gene function is primarily involved in interactions among cells that need to acquire or maintain an epithelial phenotype. (Hartenstein et al., 1992) Genes of the E(spl) complex act as a functional unit composed of redundant genes which can partially substitute for each other. Eight E(spl)-region genes are required for the development of neurectodermal cells: HLHmδ, HLHmβ, HLHmγ, HLHm3, HLHm5, HLHm7, E(spl) and gro. The E(spl)-region gene m4 may also play a role in this process. (Schrons et al., 1992) E(spl) acts in the last step of lateral inhibition (de la Concha, Genetics 111: 499--508) and the E(spl) region encodes several HLH proteins (Klambt, EMBO J. 8: 203--210). (Skeath and Carroll, 1992) In vitro DNA binding assays demonstrate that the basic domain of the E(spl) gene product is necessary for DNA binding. Dominant enhancement of Nspl-1 is caused by the truncation of the E(spl)1 protein in combination with a deletion of a putative regulatory element. (Tietze et al., 1992) E(spl) is needed for proper mesoderm differentiation prior to the onset of nau expression: mutant alleles cause hypertrophy in nau expressing cells. (Corbin et al., 1991) E(spl)- cells fail to differentiate chaetae in the step of sensory organ mother cell singularization and/or later during epidermal sublineage specification. (de Celis et al., 1991) The neurogenic phenotype of various embryonic combinations have been studied and include extreme neurogenic embryos, moderate extreme embryos, intermediate neurogenic embryos, weak intermediate neurogenic embryos and weak neurogenic embryos. (Delidakis et al., 1991) Genetic analysis demonstrates that Dl, neu, E(spl), HLHm5, HLHm7 and m4 are functionally related. Spatial distribution of mRNA in neurogenic mutant embryos suggests that some of the functional interactions take place at the transcriptional level. (Godt et al., 1991) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate that neurogenic loci are required to restrict the number of competent cells that will become sensory mother cells, SMCs. (Goriely et al., 1991) A synergistic interaction is observed between E(spl) and emc alleles with regard to the ectopic posterior macrochaetae. (Mari-Beffa et al., 1991) DNA sequence analysis reveals four E box binding sites, for the binding of hetero-oligomeric complexes composed of da or AS-C proteins, in the first 877 bp of the ac upstream region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that the emc protein can specifically antagonise DNA binding of the da/AS-C complexes in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, h and E(spl) proteins fail to exhibit this inhibitory effect. (van Doren et al., 1991) E(spl) mutations show no interaction with dx. (Xu and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1990) Genetic analysis demonstrates that Dl mutations can modify the imaginal phenotypes that result from heterozygosity for E(spl) mutations. (Alton et al., 1989) The Notch phenotypic group includes neurogenetic mutations involved in cell communications. Some alleles are embryonic lethal. (Diaz-Benjumea et al., 1989) Transcription unit m8 is essential for normal E(spl) function. (Klambt et al., 1989) N, Dl and E(spl) gene products interact directly during embryonic and imaginal development. Morphogenesis of the ectodermally derived adult eye is sensitive to the combined action of the N, Dl and E(spl) gene products. (Shepard et al., 1989) A study of the interactions between N, Dl, H and E(spl) suggest that the effects of H, Dl and E(spl) on N are allele specific and occurring at the protein level. (Siren and Portin, 1989) Neural hyperplasia, caused by mutations in E(spl), can be prevented by the presence of another neurogenic mutation. (Brand and Campos-Ortega, 1988) Dl- phenotype increases in severity in the presence of triploidy for E(spl), the N- and neur- phenotypes decrease in severity. This relationship is not reciprocal. (de la Concha et al., 1988) Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of the E(spl) locus has led to the characterization of a 14kb deletion that affects E(spl) functions. (Hartley et al., 1988) The genetic organization of the chromosome interval 96F8 has been determined. Results suggest that several genetic functions are related to E(spl) and that the role E(spl) plays in neurogenesis requires the participation of more than one of these genetic functions. (Ziemer et al., 1988) Mutant analysis of E(spl) indicates that low levels of E(spl)+ gene activity result in hyperplasia of both the CNS and PNS, fewer neurons are produced in genotypes where the activity of the locus has increased. Results suggest that E(spl) acts as a genetic switch directing the decision to become either a neural or epidermal progenitor. (Knust et al., 1987) Regions of E(spl) cross-hybridize to the opa sequence. (Knust et al., 1987) E(spl) mutants display no ventral cuticle and hypertrophy of the central nervous system. (Jurgens et al., 1984) Locus involved in the differentiation of the neural ectoderm into neuroblasts and epidermoblasts. Increased levels of gene product favor epidermal differentiation, whereas decreased levels favor neuronal differentiation. Locus originally identified by the split-enhancing feature of a dominant gain of function mutation. Loss of function mutations are lethals and are described separately. E(spl) causes spl/+ to display a split phenotype and elicits a more extreme phenotype in spl/spl and spl/Y. The spl-enhancing effect of E(spl)1 is suppressed in flies heterozygous for Dl (Shepard et al., 1989). With respect to enhancement, +/+/+ < +/E(spl) < E(spl)/+/+ < E(spl)/E(spl), in accord with expectations from a hypermorphic allele; duplication for E(spl)+ achieved with Dp(3;3)M95A+16. In the absence of spl, E(spl) causes slight roughening of the eyes; furthermore, depending on parental constitution, varying percentages of embryos display defects in central- and peripheral-nervous-system development and irregular cuticular defects. A fraction of these fail to develop; percentages vary from 25% neural hypoplasia and 8% embryonic mortality in crosses between homozygous E(spl) parents to 100% death and 78% neural hypoplasia when both parents are E(spl)/Dp(3;3)M95A+16. Both of these effects are sensitive to maternal genotype. That E(spl) is not simply a hypermorph is indicated by the fact that although heterozygous E(spl)- deletions are viable, hemizygous E(spl) is virtually lethal, especially when the deficiency is maternally inherited. Embryos homozygous for loss-of-function alleles vary in phenotype from weak to very strong neural hyperplasia, with concomitant aplasia of the epidermal sheath. Heterozygotes for stronger hypomorphic alleles may show terminal thickening of wing veins L4 and L5 and may have adventitious vein segments in the posterior wing membrane. Double heterozygotes for E(spl) loss-of-function alleles and either N or Dl are lethal. In the adult, increasing levels of E(spl) function result in increasing levels of split enhancement and in decreased numbers of sensilla as measured by the number of costal bristles on the wing. Conversely, decreased E(spl) function results in larger eyes and more sensilla plus ectopic sensory neurons appearing in the wing blade, especially along the posterior margin. Hemizygosity for E(spl)+ completely suppresses spl. Three doses of E(spl)+ increase the severity of the effects of the absence of function of Dl, reduce the severity of the absence of function of N, neu and mam and are without effect on the phenotype of bib-; conversely, absence of function of E(spl) is not affected by hyperploidy for any of the neurogenic loci or by loss of H function; from this De la Concha et al. infer that E(spl) is positively controlled by N and negatively controlled by H and Dl. Unlike the results using other neurogenic mutants, single vitally stained cells taken from the neurogenic ectoderm of E(spl)- embryos and transplanted into wild-type host embryos fail to give rise to clones containing epidermal cells; only neuronal elements are produced. This observation is interpreted to indicate that the E(spl)+ product serves a receptor rather than a signalling function (Technau and Campos-Ortega, 1987).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079789 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524513 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF56555 AAV59051 AAV59063 AAV59075 AAV59087 AAV59099 AAV59111 AAV59123 AAV59135 AAV59147 AAV59159 AAV59171 AAV59183 AAV59195 AAV59207 AAV59219 AAV59231 ABA86268 AY779906 AY779907 AY779908 AY779909 AY779910 AY779911 AY779912 AY779913 AY779914 AY779915 AY779916 AY779917 AY779918 AY779919 AY779920 AY779921 CAA34554 DQ138662 X16549 X16550 X16553 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43161 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P13098
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Orange subgroup (IPR018352) Orange (IPR003650) Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain (IPR011598) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RT01041
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68061 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000591 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000591 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000591 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000591 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8365-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000591 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43161 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/enhsplit.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43161 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000591 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0000591
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 30 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-EST:Liang-1.71   bHLHb36 (Stevens et al., 2008) CG8365 (Bhutkar et al., 2008, Macdonald and Long, 2004.10.5, Mohit et al., 2006, Stevens et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Krejcí et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Aerts et al., 2010) clone 1.71 (Liang and Biggin, 1998) e(spl) (Morgenstern and Atchley, 1999) E(spl) (Reeves and Posakony, 2005, Firth and Baker, 2005, Ciechanska et al., 2007, Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011, Yasugi et al., 2010, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Bhutkar et al., 2008, Monastirioti et al., 2010, Jafar-Nejad and Bellen, 2004, Joshi et al., 2006, Stark et al., 2005, Hoskins et al., 2005, Yamakawa et al., 2012, Blanco et al., 2010, Cohen et al., 2006, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Firth and Baker, 2005, Lubensky et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2007, Bose et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2008, Bose et al., 2008, Kahali et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2009, Barad et al., 2010, Toku et al., 2011, Eun et al., 2008, Sandmann et al., 2006, Manjon et al., 2007, Monserrate and Baker Brachmann, 2007, Lee et al., 2009, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Parks and Muskavitch, 2009.3.20, Parks and Muskavitch, 2009.3.20, Jin et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Moores et al., 2008, Lim et al., 2008, Kandachar et al., 2008, Oishi et al., 2006, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Magalhaes et al., 2007, Yu et al., 2010, Weinmaster, 1997, Beltran et al., 2007, Duncan and Dearden, 2010, Aerts et al., 2010, Park et al., 2011, Tsubota et al., 2011) E(Spl) (Rouault et al., 2010, Quijano et al., 2011) E(spl)bHLH (Bray and Furriols, 2001) E(spl)-C (Miller and Posakony, 2008, Johnson et al., 2011, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009) E(spl)m8 (Lai et al., 2005, Castro et al., 2005, Bianchi-Frias et al., 2004, De Joussineau et al., 2003, Villa-Cuesta et al., 2003, Koelzer and Klein, 2003, Klein, 2003, Negeri et al., 2002, Lai, 2002, Rosenberg and Parkhurst, 2002, Ledent and Vervoort, 2001, Nolo et al., 2000, Ligoxygakis et al., 1999, Liang and Biggin, 1998, Lai et al., 1998, Fisher and Caudy, 1998, Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998, Kim et al., 1997, Sotillos et al., 1997, Lai and Posakony, 1997, Dawson et al., 1995, Barbash and Cline, 1995, Furukawa et al., 1995, Singson et al., 1994, Ishibashi et al., 1993, Wainwright and Ish-Horowicz, 1992, van Doren et al., 1991, Garrell and Campuzano, 1991, Vaessin et al., 1990, Zarifi et al., 2005, Childress et al., 2006, Herz et al., 2006, Kamimura et al., 2004, Legent et al., 2012, Abed et al., 2011, Barry et al., 2011, Childress et al., 2006, Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Duan et al., 2011, Parks et al., 2008, Herz et al., 2009, Kaspar et al., 2008, Krejcí et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Moshkin et al., 2009, Ayyar et al., 2007, Bernard et al., 2010, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Ngo et al., 2010, Kugler and Nagel, 2010, Endo et al., 2011, Zacharioudaki et al., 2012) E(spl)-m8 (Escudero et al., 2003, Morel and Schweisguth, 2000, Majumdar et al., 1997) E(spl) m8 (Campos-Ortega, 1989.9.18, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011) E(spl)M8 (Jennings et al., 1999, Kahali et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2008, Kahali et al., 2009, Kahali et al., 2010) E(spl)m8-HLH   En(spl) (Allman et al., 2002) En(spl)-C (Kuang et al., 2000) Espl (Le Garrec and Kerszberg, 2008, Duncan and Dearden, 2010) Hes (Lam and Bresnick, 1998, Baker, 2004) HLHm8 (Mohit et al., 2006, Maeder et al., 2007, Lu et al., 2008) l(3)96Fd   m8 (Macdonald et al., 2005, Levine and Davidson, 2005, Giagtzoglou et al., 2005, Cave et al., 2005, Kan and Kessler, 2005, Secombe and Parkhurst, 2004, Jafar-Nejad et al., 2003, Cowden and Levine, 2002, Kumar and Moses, 2001, Trott et al., 2001, Kumar and Moses, 2001, Kumar and Moses, 2000, Lai et al., 2000, Klein et al., 2000, Wesley and Saez, 2000, Govind, 1999, Nellesen et al., 1999, Nagel et al., 1999, Wesley, 1999, zur Lage and Jarman, 1999, Wech et al., 1999, Nagel and Preiss, 1999, Wurmbach et al., 1999, Preiss et al., 1997, Ligoxygakis et al., 1998, Ligoxygakis et al., 1998, Nagel and Preiss, 1997, de Celis et al., 1996, Gigliani et al., 1996, Heitzler et al., 1996, Lecourtois and Schweisguth, 1995, Lecourtois and Schweisguth, 1995, Alifragis et al., 1995, Alifragis et al., 1995, Tata and Hartley, 1993, Tepass and Hartenstein, 1995, Tietze et al., 1993, Schrons et al., 1991, Preiss et al., 1991, Knust et al., 1991, Delidakis and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1992, Tietze et al., 1992, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990, Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990, Klambt et al., 1989, Brody et al., 2006, Eastman et al., 2007, Yamakawa et al., 2012, Nagel et al., 2004, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Krejci and Bray, 2007, LeComte et al., 2006, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Zinzen et al., 2006, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Maeder et al., 2009, Chanet et al., 2009, Knust et al., 1987, Moshkin et al., 2009, Bernard et al., 2010, Vachias et al., 2010, Cave et al., 2011, Bardin et al., 2010, Rand et al., 2008) M8 (Parrish et al., 2006) Su(H)m8 (Sapir et al., 2005, Lin et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	E(spl)m8 (Tanaka et al., 2007) Enhancer of split (Miller and Posakony, 2008, Parrish et al., 2006, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Jin et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Moores et al., 2008, Kandachar et al., 2008, Oishi et al., 2006) Enhancer of Split (Manjon et al., 2007, Weinmaster, 1997) enhancer of split (Monserrate and Baker Brachmann, 2007) Enhancer-of-split (Lim et al., 2008) Enhancer of split m8 (Carrera et al., 2003, Kugler and Nagel, 2010) enhancer-of-split-m8 (Ishihara and Shibata, 2008) Enhancer of split m8, helix-loop-helix
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 546 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 546 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 310 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 115 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 88 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 4 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 22 )
	Legent et al., 2012, Genetics 190(2): 601--616 A screen for x-linked mutations affecting Drosophila photoreceptor differentiation identifies casein kinase 1α as an essential negative regulator of wingless signaling. [FBrf0217484] Ulvklo et al., 2012, Development 139(4): 678--689 Control of neuronal cell fate and number by integration of distinct daughter cell proliferation modes with temporal progression. [FBrf0217281] Yamakawa et al., 2012, Development 139(3): 558--567 Deficient Notch signaling associated with neurogenic pecanex is compensated for by the unfolded protein response in Drosophila. [FBrf0217160] Zacharioudaki et al., 2012, Development 139(7): 1258--1269 bHLH-O proteins are crucial for Drosophila neuroblast self-renewal and mediate Notch-induced overproliferation. [FBrf0217605] Abed et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(7): 1289--1301 Degringolade, a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, inhibits Hairy/Groucho-mediated repression. [FBrf0213366] Baker et al., 2011, BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 354 The Enhancer of split complex arose prior to the diversification of schizophoran flies and is strongly conserved between Drosophila and stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). [FBrf0217296] Barry et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1759--1769 The Drosophila STUbL protein Degringolade limits HES functions during embryogenesis. [FBrf0213458] Cave et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(1): 22--29 Differential Regulation of Transcription through Distinct Suppressor of Hairless DNA Binding Site Architectures during Notch Signaling in Proneural Clusters. [FBrf0212524] Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011, Neural Dev. 6: 20 Prospero and Pax2 combinatorially control neural cell fate decisions by modulating Ras- and Notch-dependent signaling. [FBrf0213993] Di Stefano et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(1): 17--28 Functional antagonism between histone H3K4 demethylases in vivo. [FBrf0212709] Duan et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(15): 3120--3133 Insensitive is a corepressor for Suppressor of Hairless and regulates Notch signalling during neural development. [FBrf0214638] Eastwood et al., 2011, Molec. Cell. Biochem. 356(1-2): 217--225 New insights into the Orange domain of E(spl)-M8, and the roles of the C-terminal domain in autoinhibition and Groucho recruitment. [FBrf0216468] Endo et al., 2011, Nat. Neurosci. 15(2): 224--233 Chromatin modification of Notch targets in olfactory receptor neuron diversification. [FBrf0217319] Johnson et al., 2011, Development 138(21): 4627--4638 JAK/Stat signaling regulates heart precursor diversification in Drosophila. [FBrf0216404] Lubensky et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(27): 11145--11150 A dynamical model of ommatidial crystal formation. [FBrf0214256] Mulligan et al., 2011, Mol. Cell 42(5): 689--699 A SIRT1-LSD1 Corepressor Complex Regulates Notch Target Gene Expression and Development. [FBrf0213865] Park et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(8): e1002241 Specification of Drosophila corpora cardiaca neuroendocrine cells from mesoderm is regulated by Notch signaling. [FBrf0215231] Quijano et al., 2011, Genetics 189(3): 809--824 Wg Signaling via Zw3 and Mad Restricts Self-Renewal of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Drosophila. [FBrf0216675] San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Dev. Biol. 352(1): 70--82 The bHLH factor deadpan is a direct target of Notch signaling and regulates neuroblast self-renewal in Drosophila. [FBrf0213150] Toku et al., 2011, Comput. Biol. Chem. 35(5): 282--292 Reconstruction and crosstalk of protein-protein interaction networks of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0216393] Tsubota et al., 2011, Fly 5(4): 275--284 Interactions between enhancer of rudimentary and Notch and deltex reveal a regulatory function of enhancer of rudimentary in the Notch signaling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217950] Wang et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 350(2): 414--428 Notch signaling regulates neuroepithelial stem cell maintenance and neuroblast formation in Drosophila optic lobe development. [FBrf0212909] Show all research papers ...
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	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...