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Gene Dmel\f

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\f	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	forked	Annotation symbol	CG5424
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000630
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-56.7
Cytogenetic map	15F4-15F7	Sequence location	X:17,146,178..17,174,997 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene forked is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol f (CG5424, FBgn0000630). It has the cytological map location 15F4-15F7. Its sequence location is X:17146178..17174997. Its molecular function is described as actin binding. It is involved in the biological processes: cuticle pattern formation; epidermal cell differentiation; bristle morphogenesis; antennal morphogenesis; actin filament bundle formation; imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization and biogenesis. 92 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 13 unique terms, many of which group under: organ system; thoracic segment; peripheral nervous system; adult segment; cuticle; nervous system; adult mesothoracic segment; adult; wing hair; antennal segment; mesothoracic dorsal trichome. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	f: forked f: forked Edith M. Wallace, unpublished. Macrochaetae, microchaetae, and trichomes affected to various degrees depending on allele-short, gnarled, and bent with ends split or sharply bent. Extreme effect of f36a on trichomes makes it the most useful allele as a cell marker in cuticular spots produced by somatic exchange. Treatment with methylurea causes normal bristle formation (De Marinis). Developmental studies [Lees and Waddington, 1942, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Ser. B 131: 87-110 (fig.); Lees and Picken, 1945, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. B 132: 396-423 (fig.)] show nature of pupal bristle secretion is affected. Suppression by su(f) and su(Hw)2 allele specific. f1 and f5 suppressed by su(Hw), e(we), su(f), and su(pr), enhanced by su(s) and su(wa) (Rutledge, Mortin, Schwarz, Thierry-Mieg, and Meselson, 1988, Genetics 119: 391-97). RK1. f+ih: forked-wild type in heterochromatin f+ih with any f allele has normalizing effect. Patches of bristles and occasionally whole fly is wild type. An extra Y chromosome enhances the normalizing effect. RK2A. f1 f3 f3N Expression similar to f but unlike f, does not respond to su(f). Characterized by a high spontaneous reversion rate (~2 x 10-5); rate may be further increased by a closely linked cis-dominant mutator allele, Mu(f3N), (5 x; Woodruff, 1975, Genet. Res. 25: 163-77), by X rays (20 x; Green, 1977, Mutat. Res. 43: 305-08), and by mustard gas (Woodruff, Bowman, and Simmons, 1972, Mut. Res. 15: 86-89). RK1. f5 f36a f56e fB15 Shows variegated expression of f. More extreme in combination with E(f). RK2A. fB27 Males have mostly normal bristles, a few reduced like a Minute, rarely forked. fB27/f are mosaic for forked. fB27/fB27 females rarely survive; those that do sometimes have reduced bristles or notched wings, or both, and are sterile. More extreme in combination with E(f). RK3A. fX: forked from X irradiation A medium f. Suppressed by su(f). Behaves as a hypomorphic allele (Oster, Erlich, and Muller, 1958, DIS 32: 144-45). RK1.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 15F4-15F7   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}bazEP1446 and P{EP}EP1464
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 15F-15F (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Segarra and Aguade, 1992) 15F-15F (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Parkhurst and Corces, 1985)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-56.7 (Neel, 1942, Williams, 1956, Oliver, 1939, Buzzati-Traverso, 1947, Goldschmidt, 1944, Mickey, 1952, University of Buenos Aires, 1951)
Left of (cM)	sol (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981) l(1)adl13 l(1)adl15 l(1)adl12 l(1)adl14 (Homyk et al., 1986)
Right of (cM)	para (Suzuki et al., 1971, Homyk and Pye, 1989) baz (Kuchinke et al., 1996) nonA (Kulkarni et al., 1988) l(1)adl4 l(1)adl8 drd rex l(1)adl9 l(1)adl7 l(1)adl2 l(1)adl16 l(1)adl1 l(1)adl6 l(1)adl10 l(1)adl11 l(1)adl5 sesE l(1)adl3 (Homyk et al., 1986) gustD gustC Gtd (Rodrigues et al., 1991) vb (Waddle et al., 1991)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References In direction of increasing cytology: f? B-H2? B-H1? anon-X2? (Higashijima et al., 1992, Higashijima et al., 1992) In direction of increasing cytology: f? Fim? B-H2+ B-H1+ anon-X2? (Sato et al., 1999) Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\f for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) f-RA FBtr0074421  NM_167563   2540   608 f-RB FBtr0074420  NM_078660   5476   1436 f-RC FBtr0074423  NM_176746   5587   1509 f-RD FBtr0074422  NM_176745   4968   1436 f-RE FBtr0074424  NM_176747   1850   426 f-RF FBtr0110991  NM_001042819   6321   1918
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.4, 5.6, 5.4, 2.5, 1.9, 1.1 (northern blot) (Hoover et al., 1993) 7.5, 6.0, 2.5 (northern blot) (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)
Comments	The correspondance between f transcripts described in FBrf65437 and FBrf64511 was assigned on the basis of structure and abundance. (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993) The transcript structure is tentative and based on hybridization results. (Hoover et al., 1993, Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein f-PA   FBpp0074195   67.5   608   9.55     NP_728070   AAF48719 f-PB   FBpp0074194   155.3   1436   9.07     NP_523384   AAF48718 f-PC   FBpp0074197   163.9   1509   8.69     NP_788919   AAO41690 f-PD   FBpp0074196   155.3   1436   9.07     NP_788918   AAO41689 f-PE   FBpp0074198   48.3   426   9.39     NP_788920   AAO41691 f-PF   FBpp0110290   209.7   1918   9.05     NP_001036284   ABI30989
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	604 (aa); 67 (kD predicted) (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993) 157, 155, 71, 53 (kD predicted) (Hoover et al., 1993)
Comments	One of a couple of products generated by alternative splicing. (FlyBase, 1992-, FlyBase, 1992-)
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000630
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Ankyrin (IPR002110)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE003505 AAF48718   AE003505 AAF48719   AE003505 AAO41689   AE003505 AAO41690   AE003505 AAO41691   BH840663   BP551137   CO268085   CZ480235   CZ489644   CZ489645   D17528 BAA04479   D17529   D21203 BAA04745   D45372   D45373   D45374   D45375   D45376   D45377   D45378   D45379   EC197121   EC253370   EL870748   EL870817   EL870900   EL870970   X69871
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q24339 Q24340 Q24341 Q86B48 Q86B49 Q9VX59 Q9VX60
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	D1019 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References point mutation f[15] X:17,165,258..17,165,258 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=C17165258T pr_change=Q619|f-PF,Q133|f-PB,Q133|f-PD,Q206|f-PC reported_na_change=C?T reported_pr_change=Q206@ (Kondrashov et al., 2006.2.14)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 3156
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage   (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)  pupal stage   (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)  pupal stage   (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)  pupal stage   (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)  embryonic stage   (Ishimaru and Saigo, 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000630 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0000630 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000630
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable f257-30 f257-4 f51b f67a viable | male fEe10 fEe11 fEe12 fEe13 fEe14 fEe15 fEe17 fEe18 fEe19 fEe20 fEe21 fEe22 fEe5 fEe6 fEe7 fEe8 fEe9 lethal | recessive fG lethal | male fEe3 semi-lethal | female fB27 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type f+t13 ftLa visible f+t13 f1 f257-29 f257-30 f257-4 f34e f36a f3 f3N f42 f50c f51a f56e f5 f67a f68e f68i fB27 fH fX1 fX2 fX3 fX4 fX fhd visible | recessive f1 f1MC f53a13 fE fhd-R2 fhd-R3 fhd-R4 behavior defective | larval stage f344 touch sensitivity defective | recessive f344 Sterility Allele female sterile fB27 male sterile fEe5 fertile f257-30 f257-4 f51b fertile | dominant | poor fG male fertile fEe10 fEe11 fEe12 fEe13 fEe14 fEe15 fEe17 fEe18 fEe19 fEe20 fEe21 fEe22 fEe6 fEe7 fEe8 fEe9 Phenotype manifest in Allele microchaeta & actin filament f+t13 f36a macrochaeta & actin filament f+t13 f36a macrochaeta f+t13 f1 f14K f1MC f257-29 f257-30 f257-4 f3 f34e f36a f42 f5 f51a f53a13 f56e f67a f68e f68i fB27 fH fK fX fX1 fX2 fX3 fX4 fasH fhd fhd-R2 fhd-R3 fhd-R4 fm1 microchaeta f+t13 f1 f14K f257-29 f257-30 f257-4 f34e f36a f42 f5 f51a f56e f67a f68e f68i fH fK fX1 fX2 fX3 fX4 fhd fm1 denticle belt f1 f3 f36a f3N f5 fX prothoracic dorsal trichome f14K f36a fhd mesothoracic dorsal trichome f14K f36a fhd metathoracic dorsal trichome f14K f36a fhd chaeta f36a trichome f36a f51a arista f36a denticle f36a wing hair f36a wing fB27 macrochaeta & adult abdomen | dorsal fE scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fdsRNA.Scer\UAS
Classical Alleles ( 85 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of f Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion f+2 spontaneous 0 Yes f14K spontaneous 0 Yes f15 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes f17k spontaneous 0 Yes f1 spontaneous 999 Yes f1MC mitomycin C 0 -- f257-15 X ray 1 -- f257-19 X ray 0 -- f257-22 X ray 0 -- f257-24 X ray 0 -- f257-29 X ray 0 -- f257-30 X ray 0 -- f257-4 X ray 0 -- f344 X ray 0 -- f34b X ray 0 -- f34e X ray 0 -- f36a amorph spontaneous 54 Yes f3 spontaneous 2 Yes f3N spontaneous 2 Yes f41j3 spontaneous 0 -- f42 spontaneous 0 -- f45j natural population 0 -- f50c spontaneous 0 -- f51a X ray 0 -- f51b cold-treatment 0 -- f53a13 X ray 0 -- f56e spontaneous 0 Yes f5 spontaneous 12 Yes f67a X ray 0 -- f68e ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- f68i ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- f70 0 -- f71i spontaneous 0 -- fA50b 0 -- fA61b 0 -- fB27 X ray spontaneous 1 -- fC324 X ray 0 -- fE X ray 0 -- fEe10 X ray 0 -- fEe11 X ray 0 -- fEe12 X ray 0 -- fEe13 X ray 0 -- fEe14 X ray 0 -- fEe15 X ray 0 -- fEe16 X ray 0 -- fEe17 X ray 0 -- fEe18 X ray 0 -- fEe19 X ray 0 -- fEe20 X ray 0 -- fEe21 X ray 0 -- fEe22 X ray 0 -- fEe3 X ray 0 -- fEe4 X ray 0 -- fEe5 X ray 0 -- fEe6 X ray 0 -- fEe7 X ray 0 -- fEe8 X ray 0 -- fEe9 X ray 0 -- fG 0 -- fH spontaneous 0 -- fK36 X ray 2 -- fK spontaneous 0 Yes fKG06326 P-element activity 1 -- fSH 0 -- fX1 X ray 0 -- fX2 X ray 0 -- fX3 X ray 0 -- fX4 X ray 0 -- fX X ray 1 Yes fasH gene conversion 0 -- fe02420 piggyBac transposase 1 -- feu spontaneous 0 Yes ff06903 piggyBac transposase 1 -- ffalter gene conversion 0 -- fhd-R1 wild-type allele Δ2-3 0 Yes fhd-R2 Δ2-3 0 Yes fhd-R3 Δ2-3 0 Yes fhd-R4 Δ2-3 0 Yes fhd PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes fm1 spontaneous 0 Yes fs1 spontaneous 0 -- fts 1 -- ftuh spontaneous 0 -- fu 0 -- funspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of f Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion f+t10.6 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes f+t13 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 9 Yes f+t5.4