Would you like to get involved in the improvement of your favorite website?
Join the FlyBase Community Advisory Group!
FB2021_04, released August 17, 2021

Gene: Dmel\Actn

Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Actn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
α actinin
Annotation Symbol
CG4376
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000667
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Gene Summary
α actinin (Actn) encodes an actin cross-linking protein with muscle and non-muscle specific isoforms, which are produced by alternative spicing. The muscle isoform has a role in muscle development while the non-muscle isoform localizes to ovarian ring canals and has a role in cytoskeletal remodeling of follicle cells. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

fliA, l(1)2Cb, a-actinin, EG:133E12.1 , Alpha-actinin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
2C4-2C7
Sequence location
X:2,023,822..2,042,311 [-]
Recombination map
1-0.5
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:2023822..2042311
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables actin binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:A1ZA47
(assigned by UniProt )
(Jani and Schock, 2007)
enables actin filament binding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roulier et al., 1992)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Lasp; FB:FBgn0063485
(Fernandes and Schöck, 2014)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:rols; FB:FBgn0041096
(Kreiskother et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables calcium ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002048
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin cytoskeleton reorganization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wahlstrom et al., 2006)
involved_in actin filament bundle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roulier et al., 1992)
involved_in sarcomere organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schnorrer et al., 2010)
inferred from direct assay
(Kreiskother et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in Z disc
inferred from direct assay
(Haines et al., 2007, Kreiskother et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in focal adhesion
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the alpha-actinin family. (P18091)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
α actinin (Actn) encodes an actin cross-linking protein with muscle and non-muscle specific isoforms, which are produced by alternative spicing. The muscle isoform has a role in muscle development while the non-muscle isoform localizes to ovarian ring canals and has a role in cytoskeletal remodeling of follicle cells. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein.
(UniProt, P18091)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Actn: α Actinin
The structural gene for α Actinin (Fyrberg). Both lethal and viable alleles recovered; allelism determined by Homyk and Emerson. Viable alleles unconditionally flightless; wing position normal, but unable to fly or beat wings; jump abnormally short distances. Gynandromorph studies of Actn1 indicate a bilateral pair of submissive foci located mid ventrally close to the embryonic midline (Homyk and Emerson). ERG normal (Homyk and Pye, 1989, J. Neurogenet. 5: 37-48). Actn4 is a heat sensitive lethal, and when raised at low temperature, causes aberrant wing display of courting males; Actn1/Actn4 jumps and flies abnormally when raised at 22 but normally when raised at 29; temperature sensitive period for this effect in first half of pupal stage (Homyk et al.,1980). Trans heterozygotes (i.e., Actn3, Actn4, Actn8, and Actn14) with hdp-a2 also flightless. Lethal alleles die in late larval or early pupal stages; homozygous maternal germline clones produce normal ova. Polyphasic lethality of Actn8 attributed to position effect of the inversion on arm (Perrimon, Engstrom, and Mahowald, l985, Genetics 111: 23-41).
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Actn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Shares 5' UTR with upstream gene.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Actn-RA
FBtr0070344
NM_058136
3511
895
Actn-RB
FBtr0070343
NM_166920
3511
895
Actn-RC
FBtr0070345
NM_058137
4868
917
Actn-RD
FBtr0303048
NM_001201603
3306
895
Actn-RF
FBtr0310657
NM_001272235
3877
897
Actn-RG
FBtr0310658
NM_001272236
3369
917
Actn-RH
FBtr0310659
NM_001272237
3351
917
Actn-RI
FBtr0333801
NM_001201604
3516
895
Actn-RJ
FBtr0333802
NM_001272238
3366
917
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.4, 1.9 (northern blot)

(Roulier et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Actn-PA
FBpp0070330
103.8
895
5.36
NP_477484
AAN09068
Actn-PB
FBpp0070329
103.8
895
5.36
NP_726784
AAF45706
Actn-PC
FBpp0070331
106.4
917
5.42
NP_477485
AAF45705
Actn-PD
FBpp0292167
103.8
895
5.36
NP_001188532
ADV37616
Actn-PF
FBpp0302777
103.9
897
5.36
NP_001259164
AGB95010
Actn-PG
FBpp0302778
106.4
917
5.42
NP_001259165
AGB95011
Actn-PH
FBpp0302779
106.4
917
5.42
NP_001259166
AGB95012
Actn-PI
FBpp0305935
103.8
895
5.36
NP_001188533
ADV37617
Actn-PJ
FBpp0305936
106.4
917
5.42
NP_001259167
AGB95013
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

917 aa isoforms: Actn-PC, Actn-PG, Actn-PH, Actn-PJ
895 aa isoforms: Actn-PB, Actn-PD, Actn-PI
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

895 (aa); 98 (kD)

(Fyrberg et al., 1990)
Comments

partial CDS encoded by alternate exon

(FlyBase, 1992-)

The EF hands of the Drosophila Actn protein are theoretically capable of binding Ca2+ and this portion of the protein is more similar to the nonmuscle isoform of chicken and the alpha-actinin of Dictyostelium than to the vertebrate sarcomeric and smooth muscle isoforms. Drosophila Actn protein is recognized by a monoclonal antibody made against Lethocerus alpha-actinin.

(Fyrberg et al., 1990)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer; antiparallel. Interacts with Smn; the interaction occurs in adult thoracic tissues.

(UniProt, P18091)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Actn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Roulier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
organism
(Roulier et al., 1992)
pharate adult stage P8 -- P9
organism
(Roulier et al., 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data

The 3.4kb Actn transcripts are found at all stages of development tested including early embryos and early pupae, times at which no muscles are present.

(Roulier et al., 1992)

The 1.9kb Actn transcripts are found in mid late embryos and mid-late pupae, stages at which muscles are present.

(Roulier et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
• Z disc
(Stronach et al., 1999)
pupal stage P6
indirect flight muscle | punctate

Comment: 30 hr APF

(Ayme-Southgate et al., 2004)
pupal stage P7 -- pharate adult stage P8
indirect flight muscle | precursor

Comment: start at 36 hr APF

(Ayme-Southgate et al., 2004)
pharate adult stage P8 -- P15
indirect flight muscle | precursor
• Z disc

Comment: 48 hr APF

(Ayme-Southgate et al., 2004)
adult stage
muscle cell
(Sparrow et al., 1991)
oogenesis stage S10 -- S14
follicle cell
(Wahlstrom et al., 2006)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

Actn protein is organized in a dynamic manner in follicle cells during oogenesis.

(Wahlstrom et al., 2006)

Actn protein can be detected in scattered aggregates dispersed in the cytoplasm of muscle cell precursors as early at 30 hrs APF. By 48 hours Actn, along with other myofibrillar proteins, have organized into Z-bands.

(Ayme-Southgate et al., 2004)

Western blots indicate an absence of Actn protein in myofibrils from the Act88FM342 mutant. Actn protein is detected in the mutants in dense bundles lying adjacent to the myofibrils that may contain aberrant Z-band material.

(Sparrow et al., 1991)
Marker for
 
Z disc
(Qian et al., 2008)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in Z disc
inferred from direct assay
(Haines et al., 2007, Kreiskother et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Actn in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 41 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Actn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Actn
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 35 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 35 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(1)ActnΔ148
(Chavoshi et al., 2010, Wahlstrom et al., 2006)
Df(1)ActnΔ208
(Wahlstrom et al., 2004)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(1)2F1-3A4
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)64c18
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)278.4B1
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)JA52
(Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)JC105
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)l24
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)L271
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)N-8
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)N-54l9
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)N-264-105
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)Pgd-kz
(Kramers et al., 1991, Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Perrimon et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)pn7a
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)pn38
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)RA19
(Belyaeva et al., 1982)
Df(1)Sp2F-3A
(Schalet, 1986)
Df(1)TEM1
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)TEM7
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)TEM202
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)TEM304
(Kramers et al., 1991, Perrimon et al., 1985)
Df(1)TEM501
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)w67k30
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)w258-48
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)w-rJ1
(Kramers et al., 1991)
In(1)C99Lwm4R
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Gene not duplicated in
Dp(1;2;Y)w+
(Kramers et al., 1991, Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Kramers et al., 1983)
Dp(1;2)51b
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Dp(1;3)wvco
(Schalet, 1986)
Dp(1;Y)w+303
(Perrimon et al., 1985)
Dp(1;Y)y267g19.1
(Homyk and Emerson, 1988)
Gene duplicated in
Dp(1;3)DC413
(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)
Dp(1;3)wvco
(Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Perrimon et al., 1985)
Gene disrupted in
In(1)Actn2Cb1
(Fyrberg et al., 1990)
In(1)Actn2Cb5
(Fyrberg et al., 1990)
In(1)HC207
(Fyrberg et al., 1990, Homyk and Emerson, 1988)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU
lethal | larval stage
lethal | larval stage | recessive
lethal | prepupal stage
lethal | pupal stage
lethal | pupal stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal | recessive | heat sensitive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal - majority live
viable
viable, with Actn8
viable, with Actn9
viable, with Actn14
viable, with ActnRpS27A.PD
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with ActnKA21)
viable (with ActnΔ233)
Sterility
Allele
female fertile (with ActnΔ208)
female fertile (with ActnΔ233)
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal flight
abnormal flight | cold sensitive (with Actn1)
abnormal flight | cold sensitive (with Actn4)
abnormal locomotor behavior | cold sensitive (with Actn1)
abnormal locomotor behavior | cold sensitive (with Actn4)
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | recessive
decreased body size | larval stage
decreased body size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
flightless
flightless | recessive
flightless | semidominant
hypoactive | larval stage
majority die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin filament & follicle cell | somatic clone
actin filament bundle & egg chamber
adult pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4Ugt36A1.PK
egg | germline clone
embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
indirect flight muscle
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Act88F.PB
larva | third instar larval stage
muscle attachment site | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
muscle cell
myofibril
ovariole
ovariole | germline clone
sarcomere
sarcomere, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
sarcomere | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act88F.PB
somatic muscle
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Z disc, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Z disc | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act88F.PB
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (14)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\ACTN1
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ACTN2
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ACTN4
11 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\ACTN3
10 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\SPTBN5
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CLMN
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\EHBP1
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\EHBP1L1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPTA1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPTAN1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPTB
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPTBN1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPTBN2
1 of 15
No
No
3  
Hsap\SPTBN4
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (13)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Actn1
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Actn2
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Actn3
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Actn4
11 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Clmn
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Ehbp1l1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Ehbp1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sptan1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sptb
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sptbn1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sptbn2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sptbn4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sptbn5
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (13)
Rnor\Actn3
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Actn2
11 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Actn4
11 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Actn1
8 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Clmn
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Ehbp1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Spta1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sptan1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sptbn1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sptbn2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sptbn4
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sptbn5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sptb
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (13)
Xtro\actn1
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\actn3
8 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\actn2
7 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\actn4
7 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\sptbn1
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\clmn
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\ehbp1l1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\ehbp1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sptan1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sptbn2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sptbn4
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sptbn5
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sptb
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (17)
Drer\actn3b
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\actn1
11 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\actn3a
9 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\actn2b
8 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\actn4
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:165653
3 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\actn2a
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\LOC110440135
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\ccs
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\ehbp1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\ehbp1l1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC558044
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sptan1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sptb
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sptbn1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sptbn4a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sptbn5
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\atn-1
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\sma-1
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\ehbp-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\spc-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\unc-70
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT2G04750
1 of 9
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\ain1
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091901RU )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00005180
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD28856
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM22606
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM18928
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG12661
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE16989
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF21987
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA18143
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL15130
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK25747
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ16390
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI15429
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH24410
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915012R )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17017024
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY004744
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_13577
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_14507
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes006337
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes015129
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL007306
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC008039
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\Actn
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ019577
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ019840
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W00TJ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS206602-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL008833
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2517723156
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\4981788900
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB43198
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP21835
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15211618
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH10961
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0000cd
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG011746
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG011747
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_04803
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\GLEAN_07894
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM299510
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC011147
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC011132
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC009124
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC009123
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI000667
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_00408
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X00S9 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR003083
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW013566
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM73660.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur05g09170
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_99081
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G020R )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Actinin
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000023187
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ACTN2
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000009474
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ACTN4
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
α-Spec
3 of 10
β-Spec
3 of 10
kst
3 of 10
Dys
2 of 10
CG5984
1 of 10
Dyb
1 of 10
Ehbp1
1 of 10
jbug
1 of 10
shot
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ACTN1; actinin alpha 1
    13 of 15
    102575
    ACTN2; actinin alpha 2
    13 of 15
    102573
    ACTN4; actinin alpha 4
    11 of 15
    604638
     
    ACTN3; actinin alpha 3
    10 of 15
    102574
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Interactions Browser
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Actn - Act79B
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Adh
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Ald1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Argk
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - CG14207
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - CG14315
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - CG5177
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Cyt-c1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Gdh
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Gpdh1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Idh3a
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Lasp
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, tandem affinity purification, western blot
      (Fernandes and Schöck, 2014)
      Actn - Mdh2
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Mf
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Mhc
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Mlc1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Mlc2
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Mlp84B
      two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Clark and Kadrmas, 2013)
      Actn - ND-PDSW
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Ogdh
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Prm
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Rheb
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
      Actn - Scp1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Smn
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Rajendra et al., 2007)
      Actn - Tm2
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - TpnC41C
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - Zasp52
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
      (Liao et al., 2016, Rhee et al., 2014, Katzemich et al., 2013, Jani and Schock, 2007)
      Actn - Zasp66
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Katzemich et al., 2013)
      Actn - dos
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Friedman et al., 2011)
      Actn - kdn
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - kirre
      two hybrid
      (Kreiskother et al., 2006)
      Actn - mAcon1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - osk
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Hurd et al., 2016)
      Actn - rols
      two hybrid
      (Kreiskother et al., 2006)
      Actn - up
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Actn - wupA
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Actn
      enhanceable
      Dcr-2
      (Dietzl et al., 2007)
      Actn
      enhanceable
      Mlp84B
      (Clark and Kadrmas, 2013)
      Actn
      suppressible
      Zasp52
      (Liao et al., 2016)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      tn
      enhanceable
      Actn
      (Domsch et al., 2013)
      Zasp52
      suppressible
      Actn
      (González-Morales et al., 2019)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Homodimer; antiparallel. Interacts with Smn; the interaction occurs in adult thoracic tissues.
      (UniProt, P18091 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      X
      Recombination map
      1-0.5
      Cytogenetic map
      2C4-2C7
      Sequence location
      X:2,023,822..2,042,311 [-]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      2C4-2C7
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP427 and P{EP}ActnEP1193&P{EP}CG4322EP1631
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      2C7-2C7
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Wahlstrom et al., 2004)
      2C1-2C2
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29)
      2C-2C
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15, Fyrberg et al., 1990)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      1-0.5

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      1-0.2

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (19)
      Genomic Clones (12)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (84)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Other Comments

      tn, Actn, sls and Mlp84B act in concert to maintain the integrity and stability of Z-discs, thereby ensuring myofibril stability and optimal muscle function.

      (Domsch et al., 2013)

      Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) down-regulates a distinct splice isoform(s) of this gene.

      (Hansen et al., 2009)

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

      (Kiger et al., 2003)

      The accumulation of Actn in four mutants is investigated.

      (Roulier et al., 1992)

      A protein of the Z-bands of all muscles.

      (Vigoreaux et al., 1991)

      The structure and function of Actn and related microfilament cross-linking proteins is investigated.

      (Fyrberg et al., 1990)

      The structural gene for α Actinin.

      Both lethal and viable alleles recovered. Lethal alleles die in late larval or early pupal stages; homozygous maternal germ-line clones produce normal ova. Viable alleles unconditionally flightless; wing position normal, but unable to fly or beat wings; jump abnormally short distances. Gynandromorph studies of Actn1 indicate a bilateral pair of submissive foci located mid ventrally close to the embryonic midline (FBrf0048188). ERG normal (FBrf0050364).

      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 100 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DRscDB
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (25)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      ACTN
      (Grzegorczyk and Husmeier, 2012)
      Actn
      (DeAngelis et al., 2021, Hope et al., 2020, Ditzler et al., 2019, González-Morales et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Levis, 2018.8.30, Picchio et al., 2018, Fu et al., 2017, Hermle et al., 2017, Nie et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Crocker et al., 2016, Hosamani et al., 2016, Liao et al., 2016, Ogneva et al., 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Jambor et al., 2015, Williams et al., 2015, Fernandes and Schöck, 2014, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Weitkunat and Schnorrer, 2014, Sen et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Irion, 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kaushik et al., 2012, McGurk and Bonini, 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Chavoshi et al., 2010, Perkins et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Rui et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Hansen et al., 2009, Bai et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Yuen et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Jani and Schock, 2007, Stuart et al., 2007, Comet et al., 2006, Machuca-Tzili et al., 2006, Wahlstrom et al., 2006, Bainton et al., 2005)
      CG4376
      (Çiçek et al., 2016, Hurd et al., 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Shanshan and Laixin, 2015, Haye et al., 2014, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Hansen et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Chang et al., 2008, Stuart et al., 2007, Rogers et al., 2003, Benos, 2000.12.13, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Whitfield, 2000.5.4)
      CT14163
      (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
      CT14232
      (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
      EG:133E12.1
      (Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13)
      GA17
      (Kramers et al., 1991, Schalet, 1986)
      HM-29
      (Kramers et al., 1991)
      actn
      (Chougule et al., 2020, López-Gay et al., 2020, Haye et al., 2014, Perkins and Tanentzapf, 2014, Xiong and Zhou, 2013, Jia and Huan, 2010, MacArthur and North, 2004, Dubreuil and Wang, 2000)
      fliA
      (Bullard et al., 2004, Sang and Ready, 2002, Vigoreaux, 2001, Fyrberg et al., 1991, Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Belyaeva et al., 1982)
      l(1)2Cb
      (Bullard et al., 2004, Fyrberg et al., 1998, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Epstein and Bernstein, 1992)
      l(1)EA82
      (Perrimon et al., 1985)
      y
      α-actinin
      (Schneider and Imler, 2021, Walls et al., 2020, Hurst et al., 2019, Wójtowicz et al., 2015, Jani and Schöck, 2006)
      αActn
      (Kreiskother et al., 2006)
      Name Synonyms
      Actinin
      (Min et al., 2017)
      Alpha-actinin
      (Rogers et al., 2003, Wahlstrom et al., 2003, Fyrberg et al., 1988)
      a-actinin
      (Chang et al., 2008, Thimmappaiaha et al., 2007, Takagi et al., 1998)
      alpha actinin
      (Cammarato et al., 2011, Machuca-Tzili et al., 2006)
      alpha-actinin
      (Vicente et al., 2006, Petit et al., 2002)
      flightless A
      (Kureishy et al., 2002)
      flightless-A
      lethal(1)2cb
      (Fyberg, 1992.1.23)
      α actinin
      (Kurshakova et al., 2019, Chavoshi et al., 2010)
      α-Actinin
      (Applewhite et al., 2013, Zheng et al., 2013, Labeau-Dimenna et al., 2012, Reed et al., 2012, Neely et al., 2010, Bai et al., 2008, Hudson et al., 2008, Qian et al., 2008, Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008, Nongthomba et al., 2007, Wahlstrom et al., 2006, Kureishy et al., 2002)
      α-actinin
      (Deng et al., 2021, Gordon and Reis E Sousa, 2019, Williams et al., 2015, Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2014, Chechenova et al., 2013, Domsch et al., 2013, Katzemich et al., 2013, Sevdali et al., 2013, Irion, 2012, Katzemich et al., 2012, McGurk and Bonini, 2012, Vakaloglou et al., 2012, Arndt et al., 2010, Haigh et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Serio et al., 2010, Alves-Silva et al., 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Qian et al., 2008, Rodriguez-Diaz et al., 2008, Yuen et al., 2008, Bai et al., 2007, Bakal et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2007, Haines et al., 2007, Jani and Schock, 2007, Rajendra et al., 2007, Vicente et al., 2007, Machuca-Tzili et al., 2006, Ayme-Southgate et al., 2004, MacArthur and North, 2004, Roper et al., 2002)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (217)