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Gene Dmel\Fmrf

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Fmrf	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	FMRFamide-related	Annotation symbol	CG2346
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000715
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Also Known As	FMRFa, dFmrfa, dFMRF, FMRFamide
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	46C4-46C4	Sequence location	2R:5,793,799..5,797,962 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene FMRFamide-related is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Fmrf (CG2346, FBgn0000715). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: hormone activity; neuropeptide hormone activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: regulation of striated muscle contraction; negative regulation of heart contraction. 15 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: FMRFamide-related peptide-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during early larval stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631246_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Fmrf. Gene sequence location is 2R:5793799..5797962.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Fmrf: FMRF amide homologue precursor Encodes the precursor polypeptide that is processed to generate a nonapeptide, DPKQDFMRFamide, that shares homology with the FMRFamide neuropeptide from molluscs. Gene appears to be expressed from late embryogenesis through the adult stage (see also White, Hurteau, and Punsal, 1986, J. Comp. Neurol. 247: 430-38).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 46C4-46C4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k07803k07803&P{lacW}l(2)k08816k08816 and P{lacW}l(2)k08601k08601
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 46C1-46C2     (Taghert, 1995.10.16) 46C-46C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Schneider and Taghert, 1990) 46C-46C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Schneider and Taghert, 1988) 46C-46C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Nambu et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Fmrf for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.39 Gene model reviewed during 5.49
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Fmrf-RA FBtr0088383  NM_078945   1427   347
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.7 (northern blot) (Schneider and Taghert, 1988, Nambu et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Fmrf-PA   FBpp0087471   40.2   347   9.16     NP_523669   AAF58874
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	347, 9 (aa) (Nambu et al., 1988) 342 (aa); 39 (kD predicted) (Schneider and Taghert, 1988)
Comments	The 347 aa Fmrf propeptide contains 15 potential 9 amino acid amidated peptides. (Nambu et al., 1988)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • FMRFamide-related peptide-like (IPR002544)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF58874   AY070639 AAL48110   BH759303   BI570176   BI590355   BI609056   BI618499   GH945366   J03232 AAA28536   M32640   M32641 AAA28537   M36147   M37711 AAA28538   U38796   X53301 CAA37389   X76204 CAA53798
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P10552
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage     (Nambu et al., 1988) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic central brain neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late     (Nambu et al., 1988) larval stage -- adult stage     (Schneider and Taghert, 1988) adult stage     (Nambu et al., 1988) radioisotope in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 16 -- 17   neuron | subset   (Schneider et al., 1991) central nervous system | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1991) larval stage   central nervous system | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1991) neuron | subset   (Schneider et al., 1991) prepupal stage -- adult stage   neuron | subset   (O'Brien et al., 1991) central nervous system | restricted   (O'Brien et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 15 -- 17   central nervous system | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1991) neuron | subset   (Schneider et al., 1991) larval stage   neuron | subset   (Schneider et al., 1991) central nervous system | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1991) Tv neuron   (Baumgardt et al., 2007) Tvb neuron   (Baumgardt et al., 2007) FMRFamide SE2 neuron   (Baumgardt et al., 2007) first instar larval stage   Tv neuron | subset   • cytoplasm (Benveniste et al., 1998) FMRFamide SE2 neuron   (Benveniste et al., 1998) wandering third instar larval stage   Tv neuron   (Wegener et al., 2011) prepupal stage -- adult stage   neuron | subset   (O'Brien et al., 1991) central nervous system | restricted   (O'Brien et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Fmrf is expressed in the peptidergic Tv neurons in the larval thoracic ventral nerve cord. (Wegener et al., 2011) Fmrf protein was detected starting at embryonic stage 15 in some medial protocerebral neurons, followed by some subesophageal neuromeres at stage 16, and in more superior and medial protocerebral neurons at stage 17. Expression levels increased in larval stages. (Schneider et al., 1991) Fmrf protein expression correlates with Fmrf transcript expression. Fmrf protein continues to be detected in prepupal through adult stages. Many larval neuronal signals continue to be detected in the adult. In addition, adult-specific signals are detected in the adult brain and ventral ganglion. (O'Brien et al., 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{WF3} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 17   Tv neuron | subset   (Benveniste et al., 1998) larval stage   thoracic neuron | subset   (Schneider et al., 1993) embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1993) subesophageal nerve | subset   (Schneider et al., 1993) FMRFamide SE2 neuron   (Schneider et al., 1993) embryonic/larval brain | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1993) Tv neuron | subset   (Benveniste et al., 1998) adult stage   adult central nervous system | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1993) thoracico-abdominal ganglion | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1993) adult brain | restricted   (Schneider et al., 1993) optic lobe neuron   (Schneider et al., 1993)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3250.2 Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (3250.2) Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (3250.2) Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3250.2 Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3250.2 Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (3250.2) Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (3250.2) Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    358.175 Larval Midgut    1.2 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    2.5 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.5 Larval Carcass    0.875 Adult Head    57.8 Adult Eye    0.975 Adult Brain    317.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3250.2 Adult Crop    0.5 Adult Midgut    0.8 Adult Hindgut    0.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2 Adult Fat Body    3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.7 Adult Heart    0.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6 Adult Ovary    1.7 Adult Testis    3.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.2 Adult Carcass    17.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    57.8   NA  Eye    0.975   NA  Brain    317.8   358.175  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3250.2   NA  Crop    0.5   1.2  Midgut    0.8   0.6  Hindgut    0.5   1  Malpighian Tubules    2   2.5  Fat Body    3   2  Salivary Gland    3.7   NA  Heart    0.5   1.5  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    0.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    0.6   NA  Ovary    1.7   NA  Testis    3.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    3.2   0.875  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    12 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during early larval stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    4 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    13 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_10 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_13
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RH02452 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000715 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2346-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Fmrf Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 FmrfGD5276 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Fmrf Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion FmrfKG01300 P-element activity 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Fmrf Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion FmrfGD5276 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes FmrfJF01909 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes FmrfKK103629 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes FmrfDPKQDFMRF in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfMDSNFIRF in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfNIG.2346R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes FmrfPDNFMRF in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfSAPQDFVRS in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfScer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes FmrfScer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes FmrfSDNFMRF in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfSPKQDFMRF in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfSVQDNFMHF in vitro construct 0 Yes FmrfTPAEDFMRF in vitro construct 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)eve (Nambu et al., 1988, O'Brien et al., 1994) Df(2R)X1 (O'Brien et al., 1991, O'Brien et al., 1994, Bour et al., 1995)
Disrupted in	Df(2R)520 (Bour et al., 1995) Df(2R)B5 (O'Brien et al., 1994) Df(2R)X3 (O'Brien et al., 1991, O'Brien et al., 1994, Bour et al., 1995)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{Fmrf-lacZ.Tv.mABC} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.Tv.mC} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.Tv} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF9} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF14} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF15} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF37} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF38} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF43} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF45} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF46} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF47} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF48} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF50} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF51} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF52} No P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF53} No P{WF3} No P{WF4} No P{WF6} No P{WF7} No P{WF8} No P{WF11} No P{WF16} No P{WF17} No P{WF22} No P{WF27} No P{WF42} No UAS construct P{GD5276} NA P{KK103629} NA P{NIG.2346R} NA P{TRiP.JF01909} NA P{UAS-Fmrf.H} NA P{UAS-Fmrf.M} NA GAL4 construct P{Fmrf-GAL4.S} No
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}FmrfKG01300 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
negative regulation of heart contraction inferred from direct assay (Johnson et al., 2000) regulation of striated muscle contraction inferred from direct assay (Clark et al., 2008)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
hormone activity non-traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001, Hewes and Taghert, 2001) neuropeptide hormone activity non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.7.1) traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Baggerman et al., 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
neuropeptide signaling pathway inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002544 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.7.1) traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Baggerman et al., 2002)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Fmrf - CG18081 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Fmrf - ctp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Fmrf allele Gene References FmrfScer\UAS.cMa wit (Marques et al., 2003)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61858 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000715 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000715 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36030
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (20) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG608NV0 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6907JN Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6QC01Z Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG62ZHHV
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG608NV0)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Fmrf     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD10699 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM21167 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24119 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE19316 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF13563 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15356 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL16762 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK15742 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\Fmrf Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI19418 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH20248 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6907JN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL013645   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\FMRF   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ000101
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6QC01Z)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI36281   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM055090   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\Fmrf
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG62ZHHV)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\flp-14   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\flp-1
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD10699 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM21167 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24119 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE19316 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF13563 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15356 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL16762 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK15742 Drosophila virilis Dvir\Fmrf Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI19418 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH20248
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	25870 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01909}attP2 13717 y1 w67c23; P{SUPor-P}FmrfKG01300
VDRC	v103981 P{KK103629}VIE-260B v37965 w1118; P{GD5276}v37965
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR01L01 BACR30G11 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 6 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH02452
Other clones	DPiM_RH02452
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH03963 RH13791 RH49350
Other clones	RP004231147
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000715 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36030
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Baumgardt et al., 2009)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The cellular expression of the DPKQDFMRFamide product of Fmrf suggests the Fmrf product may undergo differential processing. (Nichols et al., 1995) The cellular expression of the SDNFMRFamide product of Fmrf suggests the Fmrf product may undergo differential processing. (Nichols et al., 1995) Genetic and molecular analysis of the 46C-46D region suggests that Fmrf is not an essential gene. (O'Brien et al., 1994) The Fmrf peptides may play a number of functional roles, perhaps affecting both physiological and developmental phenomena. (Schneider et al., 1993) Isolated from a genomic library using an Aplysia cDNA encoding most of the FMRFamide coding region as a probe. (Schneider and Taghert, 1988) Fmrf encodes multiple copies of related neuropeptides within a single precursor protein. (Schneider and Taghert, 1988) Encodes the precursor polypeptide that is processed to generate a nonapeptide, DPKQDFMRFamide, that shares homology with the FMRFamide neuropeptide from molluscs. Gene appears to be expressed from late embryogenesis through the adult stage (see also White, Hurteau and Punsal, 1986).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078945 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523669 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28536 AAA28537 AAA28538 AAF58874 AAL48110 AY070639 BH759303 BI570176 CAA37389 CAA53798 J03232 M32640 M32641 M36147 M37711 U38796 X53301 X76204 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 36030 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P10552
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • FMRFamide-related peptide-like (IPR002544) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RH02452
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61858 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0000715 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0000715 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0000715 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000715 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2346-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000715 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36030 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/fmrfamd1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36030 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0000715
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 37 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG2346 (Predel et al., 2004, Yew et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 1.15.2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Wegener et al., 2006) dFMRF (Renn et al., 1999, Iliadi et al., 2008) dFmrf (Hamanaka et al., 2010) dFmrfa (Keshishian and Kim, 2004) dFMRFa (Taghert et al., 2000, Benveniste and Taghert, 1999, Benveniste et al., 1998, Park et al., 2008, Dunn and Mercier, 2005, Kahsai and Winther, 2011) dFMRFa-1 (Johnson et al., 2003) DPKQDFMRF-amide (Johnson et al., 2003) DPKQDFMRFamide (Nichols, 1992) Drm-FMRF-1 (Mertens et al., 2002) Drm-FMRF-2 (Mertens et al., 2002) Drm-FMRF-3 (Mertens et al., 2002) Drm-FMRF-4 (Mertens et al., 2002) Drm-FMRF-5 (Mertens et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFa1 (Baggerman et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFa2 (Baggerman et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFa3 (Baggerman et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFa4 (Baggerman et al., 2002) FMRF (Hewes et al., 2003, Prokop, 1999, Draper et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2005, Johnson et al., 2008, de Velasco et al., 2007, Turski and Thiele, 2007) fmrf (McVean and Vieira, 1999, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005, Johard et al., 2008) Fmrf (Kadener et al., 2006, Santos et al., 2007, Luo et al., 2011, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) FMRFa (Hippenmeyer et al., 2004, Marques et al., 2003, Allan et al., 2003, Allan et al., 2003, Allan et al., 2001, vanden Broeck, 2001, Vogler and Urban, 2006, Karlsson et al., 2007, Predel et al., 2004, Nilsson et al., 2007, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Yapici et al., 2008, Ulvklo et al., 2008, Birse et al., 2006, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Vogler and Urban, 2008, Eade and Allan, 2009, Karlsson et al., 2010, Veenstra et al., 2008, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Han et al., 2004, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Collin et al., 2011, Wegener et al., 2006) FMRFa-like (Wegener et al., 2011) FMRFamide (Iliadi et al., 2008, Han et al., 2004)
Name Synonym	amino acid amidated neuropeptide (Nambu, 1993.12.1) dFMRFamide (Hewes and Taghert, 2001, Hewes et al., 1998, Clark et al., 2008, Duttlinger et al., 2002) DPKQDFMRFamide (Johnson et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2005, Hector et al., 2009) Drm-FMRFamide-1 (Meeusen et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFamide-2 (Meeusen et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFamide-3 (Meeusen et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFamide-4 (Meeusen et al., 2002) Drm-FMRFamide-5 (Meeusen et al., 2002) FMRFamide (Herrero et al., 2003, de Velasco and Hartenstein, 2005, Kalinovsky and Scheiffele, 2004, Egerod et al., 2003, Feng et al., 2003, Cazzamali and Grimmelikhuijzen, 2002, Veenstra, 2000, Worden, 1998, McCormick et al., 1999, Nichols et al., 1999, O'Brien and Taghert, 1998, Benveniste and Taghert, 1997, Yoon and Stay, 1995, Paisley et al., 1996, Silber and Taghert, 1995, Schneider and Taghert, 1991, O'Brien et al., 1993, Schneider et al., 1993, O'Brien et al., 1991, Schneider et al., 1991, Buchner, 1991, O'Brien et al., 1991, Lundquist and Nassel, 1990, de Loof and Schoofs, 1990, Johnson et al., 2004, Rosenkilde et al., 2003, Schneider and Taghert, 1990, Schneider and Taghert, 1988, Nambu et al., 1988, Vogler and Urban, 2006, Baumgardt et al., 2007, Baumgardt et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Predel et al., 2004, Jones, 2007, Peixoto et al., 2000, Yapici et al., 2008, Ulvklo et al., 2008, Park et al., 2008, Marques, 2005, Rahman et al., 2009, Goold and Davis, 2007, Chen and Condron, 2008, Veenstra, 2009, Johard et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2009, Karlsson et al., 2010, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Hector et al., 2009, Collin et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2001, Merte and Nichols, 2002, Kahsai and Winther, 2011) FMRF-amide (Truman, 1990, Baggerman et al., 2002, Ewer, 2006, Turski and Thiele, 2007) FMRF amide homologue precursor (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) FMRFamide prohormone (Chin, 1994.11.22, Chin, 1991.1.15) FMRFamide-related (Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Dunn and Mercier, 2005, Nichols, 2006) FRMFamide (Cenci et al., 1998, de Velasco et al., 2007) SDNFMRFamide (Nichols, 1992, Kaminski et al., 2002) TPAEDFMRFamide (Nichols, 1992)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 164 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 164 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 103 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 15 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 21 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 4 ) Book  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Eade et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(2): e1002501 Developmental transcriptional networks are required to maintain neuronal subtype identity in the mature nervous system. [FBrf0217668] Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Development 138(24): 5311--5320 Seven up acts as a temporal factor during two different stages of neuroblast 5-6 development. [FBrf0216799] Collin et al., 2011, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 412(4): 578--583 Identification of the Drosophila and Tribolium receptors for the recently discovered insect RYamide neuropeptides. [FBrf0215239] Kahsai and Winther, 2011, J. Comp. Neurol. 519(2): 290--315 Chemical neuroanatomy of the Drosophila central complex: distribution of multiple neuropeptides in relation to neurotransmitters. [FBrf0212649] Luo et al., 2011, Development 138(13): 2761--2771 Direct targets of the D. melanogaster DSXF protein and the evolution of sexual development. [FBrf0213878] Wegener et al., 2011, J. Neurochem. 118(4): 581--595 Deficiency of prohormone convertase dPC2 (AMONTILLADO) results in impaired production of bioactive neuropeptide hormones in Drosophila. [FBrf0214320] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...