FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\gd

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\gd

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

gastrulation-defective

Annotation Symbol

CG1505

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000808

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

8 publicly available

Gene Snapshot

gastrulation-defective (gd) encodes a secreted serine protease. It is a member of the protease cascade that generates the ligand that activates the receptor encoded by Tl. It contributes to establishment of the dorsal-ventral embryonic axis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Other Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

fs(1)M18, fs(1)gd, SP186, fs(1)573

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

11A1-11A1

Sequence location

X:11,985,154..11,987,764 [-]

Recombination map

1-38

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:11985154..11987764

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables serine-type endopeptidase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Steen et al., 2010, LeMosy et al., 2001, Han et al., 2000)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables serine-type endopeptidase activity

inferred from sequence model

(Cao and Jiang, 2018)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3551

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Biological Process (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in dorsal/ventral axis specification

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ea; FB:FBgn0000533

(Chasan et al., 1992)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2012, Han et al., 2000, Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pip; FB:FBgn0003089

(Zhang et al., 2009)

involved_in dorsal/ventral pattern formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Rose et al., 2003)

involved_in positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2012, Misra et al., 1998)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pip; FB:FBgn0003089

(Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Tl; FB:FBgn0262473

(Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

inferred from direct assay

(LeMosy et al., 2001)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Spn27A; FB:FBgn0028990

(Ligoxygakis et al., 2003)

involved_in proteolysis

inferred from direct assay

(Cho et al., 2012)

involved_in ventral furrow formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Rose et al., 2003)

involved_in zymogen activation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2012, Steen et al., 2010, LeMosy et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in perivitelline space

inferred from direct assay

(Cho et al., 2012, LeMosy et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DORSAL GROUP

S1A SERINE PROTEASES - CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE

Pathway (FlyBase)

Extracellular Spatzle Activating Pathway Core Components

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (O62589)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DORSAL GROUP -: The Dorsal group genes encode components of the Toll pathway and were initially identified by maternal effect mutations resulting in the dorsalization of the embryo. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
S1A SERINE PROTEASES - CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE -: Chymotrypsin-like serine proteases cleave substrates following one of the hydrophobic amino acids at the P1 position. (Adapted from FBrf0239469). Chymotrypsin-like serine proteases of the S1A family are endopeptidases that cleave substrates following one of the hydrophobic amino acids at the P1 position. (Adapted from FBrf0239469).

Pathway (FlyBase)

Extracellular Spatzle Activating Pathway Core Components -: In Drosophila, activation of the Toll pathway is controlled by the generation of a cleaved, active, Toll-binding form of spatzle ligand. Proteolytic activation of spatzle ligand lies downstream of several zymogen activation cascades that are initiated by different cues. In dorsal-ventral patterning, localized activation of spz results in ventral nuclear accumulation of dl. During viral and fungal and gram positive bacterial immune challenge, zymogen cascades are activated by extracellular pattern recognition receptors or virulence factor-mediated cleavage of the zymogen persephone (psh). (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo (PubMed:9618496, PubMed:9477324, PubMed:12493753). Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter (PubMed:9477324). Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo (PubMed:9477324).

(UniProt, O62589)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

gd: gastrulation defective

Maternal-effect lethal; embryos produced by homozygous females exhibit hyperplasia of dorsal cuticular elements and aplasia of ventral elements; phenotye of strong alleles, e.g. gd7, indistinguishable from that of dl. Weaker alleles display some ventral elements. Gastrula exhibits excessive furrowing both dorsally and ventrally [Zalokar, Audit, and Erk, 1975, Dev. Biol. 47: 419-32 (fig.)]. Polarity of the egg shell unaffected. Temperature-sensitive period of temperature-sensitive alleles begins several hours prior to ovoposition and persists until 1.5 h after fertilization. Five of eight mutants classed as weak on the basis of filzkorper development; these five tend to be more dorsalized in posterior than in anterior parts of the embryo, as the setal bands become progressively narrowed posteriorly. gd7/gd7; Toll/+ females produce lateralized embryos; most ventral and dorsal pattern elements missing; lateral cephalic furrow seen both dorsally and ventrally, and ventral setae formed at all dorsal-ventral positions.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

a maternally supplied protease involved in establishment of dorsal/ventral polarity - targets Snake

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\gd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Gene model reviewed during 6.03

Alternative translation stop created by use of multiphasic reading frames within coding region.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

gd-RC

FBtr0332308

NM_001272549

1914

528

gd-RD

FBtr0332309

NM_001272550

1923

531

gd-RE

FBtr0332310

NM_001272551

1932

179

gd-RF

FBtr0347416

NM_001316623

2234

528

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.1 (northern blot)

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

gd-PC

FBpp0304587

59.1

528

7.31

NP_001259478

AGB95321

gd-PD

FBpp0304588

59.5

531

7.31

NP_001259479

AGB95322

gd-PE

FBpp0304589

20.5

179

9.91

NP_001259480

AGB95323

gd-PF

FBpp0312566

59.1

528

7.31

NP_001303552

AAF48122

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

528 aa isoforms: gd-PC, gd-PF

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

528 (aa); 34, 30, 28 (kD observed); 59 (kD predicted)

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases (also termed proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and the proteins that inhibit them.

S01.202

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

O62589

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\gd using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

gd_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage & oogenesis

oocyte

(Konrad et al., 1998)

nurse cell

(Konrad et al., 1998)

ovary

(Konrad et al., 1998)

adult stage oogenesis stage S11 -- S14

follicle cell

(Konrad et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 1 -- 8

organism

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

gd transcripts are observed exclusively in ovaries and early embryos on northern blots. gd transcripts are first observed in the germarium in nurse cells. As oogenesis proceeds they accumulate in nurse cells and in the oocyte.By stage 10 they are observed in follicle cells as well.

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage & oogenesis

ovary

(Konrad et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 1 -- 9

organism

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

gd protein is detected in ovaries and early embryos on western blots. Levels are highest in ovaries and it is essentially gone by 4 hours of embryogenesis.

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in perivitelline space

inferred from direct assay

(Cho et al., 2012, LeMosy et al., 2001)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\gd in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\gd

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\gd

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0000808

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG1505-RA

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000808

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of gd

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of gd

Deletions and Duplications ( 11 )

Not disrupted in

Tp(1;1)A101

(Konrad et al., 1988)

Duplicated in

Dp(1;3)DC247

(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | maternal effect

lethal | maternal effect | recessive

gd²

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | maternal effect

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

gd^GD6487

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

gd^GD6487

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile | recessive | heat sensitive

gd⁵

female sterile | recessive

female sterile | recessive | heat sensitive

Other Phenotypes

Allele

hyperplasia

gd¹

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

some die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive

wild-type

gd^+t9.3

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

amnioserosa

gd⁷

denticle belt

denticle belt (with Df(1)KA10)

denticle belt (with gd¹)

denticle belt (with gd²)

denticle belt (with gd⁶)

denticle belt (with gd⁹)

denticle belt (with gd¹⁰)

denticle belt (with gd¹⁹⁰)

denticle belt (with gd^LF12)

denticle belt (with gd^Li115)

denticle belt (with gd^LQ4)

denticle belt (with gd^Lu119)

denticle belt (with gdⁿ²⁷)

denticle belt (with gd^p18)

denticle belt (with gd^TN124)

denticle belt (with gd^VM90)

denticle belt (with gd^VO27)

egg | maternal effect

embryo

gd⁸

embryo | dorsal

gd⁷

embryo | gastrula stage

gd⁵

embryo | gastrula stage | maternal effect

embryo | ventral

gd^unspecified

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal

gd⁷

filzkorper

filzkorper (with Df(1)KA10)

filzkorper (with gd¹)

filzkorper (with gd²)

filzkorper (with gd⁶)

filzkorper (with gd⁹)

filzkorper (with gd¹⁰)

filzkorper (with gd¹⁹⁰)

filzkorper (with gd^LF12)

filzkorper (with gd^Li115)

filzkorper (with gd^LQ4)

filzkorper (with gd^Lu119)

filzkorper (with gdⁿ²⁷)

filzkorper (with gd^p18)

filzkorper (with gd^TN124)

filzkorper (with gd^VM90)

filzkorper (with gd^VO27)

mesoderm | germline clone

gd⁷

neurogenic region | germline clone

gd⁷

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

No records found.

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

No records found.

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

No records found.

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

No records found.

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)

Drer\masp1

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\pamr1

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\svh-1

2 of 15

Yes

Cele\try-5

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919066U )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA13461

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL15844

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK24985

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ18735

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI14765

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH11823

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091504E6 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17017004

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_01028

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Dipteran orthologies identified

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (41)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

4 of 10

3 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

mas

2 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

ndl

1 of 10

Sems

1 of 10

teq

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

enzymatic study, western blot, inferred by author

(Dissing et al., 2001)

gd - ea

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot, inferred by author

(Cho et al., 2012, Dissing et al., 2001)

gd - snk

enzymatic study, western blot, inferred by author, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Cho et al., 2012, Dissing et al., 2001)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

tor::tub

(Galindo et al., 1995)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

pip

enhanceable

(Zhang et al., 2009)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58564

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000808

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

32159

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Extracellular Spatzle Activating Pathway Core Components -: In Drosophila, activation of the Toll pathway is controlled by the generation of a cleaved, active, Toll-binding form of spatzle ligand. Proteolytic activation of spatzle ligand lies downstream of several zymogen activation cascades that are initiated by different cues. In dorsal-ventral patterning, localized activation of spz results in ventral nuclear accumulation of dl. During viral and fungal and gram positive bacterial immune challenge, zymogen cascades are activated by extracellular pattern recognition receptors or virulence factor-mediated cleavage of the zymogen persephone (psh). (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Formation of the trans-membrane 'signalling complex'

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-38

Cytogenetic map

11A1-11A1

Sequence location

X:11,985,154..11,987,764 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

11A1-11A1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}ATP7^EP308 and P{EP}EP1451&P{EP}EP1629

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

11A2-11A4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Goralski et al., 1990)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-38

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-37.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-36.78

(Konrad et al., 1998)

1-37

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

(Mohler, 1977)

1-36.8

Left of (cM)

(Konrad et al., 1998)

(Mohler, 1977)

Right of (cM)

(Konrad et al., 1998)

(Mohler, 1977)

Notes

97 of 129 recombinants between m and fw ocurred distal to cac. 5 of 8 recombinants between cac and fw were distal to gd. 2 of 10 gd/fw recombinants were distal to tsg.

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (8)

Bloomington

856

v¹ gd¹/FM3

3109

v¹ gd⁷/FM3

15472

y¹ w^67c23 P{EPgy2}gd^EY00677/FM7c

56887

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC04108}attP40

Kyoto

106850

v¹ gd⁷/FM3

VDRC

v330040

P{VSH330040}attP40

v14892

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD6487}v14892

v318331

PBac{fTRG01261.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00033

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (9)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

IP03293

Other clones

IP03493

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000808

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000808

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

32159

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Dissing et al., 2001, Konrad et al., 1998)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: gd CG1505

(Zheng, 1999.11)

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Other Comments

Interallelic complementation data suggests that there are two discrete functional domains of gd.

(Ponomareff et al., 2001)

gd appears to catalyse the ventral activation of the proteolytic cascade producing the Tl ligand.

(Han et al., 2000)

gd is a member of the serine protease superfamily of genes which also includes snk, ea and ndl, providing evidence for the involvement of a protease cascade in generating an asymmetric signal during establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo.

(Konrad et al., 1998)

Some of the proteins of apico-lateral junctions are required both for apico-basal cell polarity and for the signalling mechanisms controlling cell proliferation, whereas others are required more specifically in cell-cell signalling.

(Woods et al., 1997)

gd, along with snk and ea, appears to be a component of a serine protease cascade that transduces a spatially and temporally regulated ventralising signal in the perivitelline space of the developing embryo.

(Ponomareff et al., 1995)

Double mutant combinations of gd with ea alleles demonstrate that spatial regulation of ea activity by localized zymogen activation is a key initial event in defining the polarity of the dorsal-ventral embryonic pattern.

(Chasan et al., 1992)

Mutuants cause maternal-effect lethality. Embryos produced by homozygous females exhibit hyperplasia of dorsal cuticular elements and aplasia of ventral elements. Polarity of the egg shell unaffected. Temperature-sensitive period of temperature-sensitive alleles begins several hours prior to oviposition and persists until 1.5 h after fertilization. Five of eight mutants classed as weak on the basis of filzkorper development; these five tend to be more dorsalized in posterior than in anterior parts of the embryo, as the setal bands become progressively narrowed posteriorly.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

In the absence of gd activity in the perivitelline fluid, no Tl ligand is detected suggesting that gd activity is involved in the production of the Tl ligand.

(Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

Strong dorsalizing mutants of ndl, snk, gd or pip have wild type axial ratios in pupae.

(Letsou et al., 1991)

Flies heterozygous for RpII215^Ubl and a gd mutation show no reduction in fertility. gd therefore shows no dominant effects.

(Konrad et al., 1988)

Mutations at gd causes dorsalised embryonic phenotypes.

(Perrimon et al., 1986)

Gastrula exhibits excessive furrowing both dorsally and ventrally.

(Zalokar et al., 1975)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 42 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

32159

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O62589

Other crossreferences

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000808

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

gd_1

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000808

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

91243

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

32159

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG1505

MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases (also termed proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and the proteins that inhibit them.

S01.202

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0000808

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58564

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000808

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000808

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0000808

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG1505-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000808

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000808

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

32159

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Formation of the trans-membrane 'signalling complex'

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG1505

(Jiang, 2019.3.1, Meadows, 2017.1.11, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Shah et al., 2008)

(Machyna et al., 2020, Stevens et al., 2019, Sukumari-Ramesh and LeMosy, 2009, Tian and LeMosy, 2008, Tian and LeMosy, 2008, Tang et al., 2006, Krem and Di Cera, 2002, Dissing et al., 2001)

(Cao and Jiang, 2018, Mbodj et al., 2013, Lim and Thiery, 2012)

SP186

(Cao and Jiang, 2018, Ross et al., 2003)

fs(1)18

fs(1)190-5

fs(1)573

(Perrimon et al., 1986, Mohler and Carroll, 1984)

fs(1)A573

fs(1)M18

(Perrimon et al., 1986, Mohler and Carroll, 1984, Mohler, 1977)

fs(1)gd

(Konrad et al., 1988)

gas

(Stevens et al., 2019, Alpar et al., 2018, Koenecke et al., 2017, Jones et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Lindsay and Wasserman, 2014, Fontenele et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Cho et al., 2012, Chopra et al., 2012, Koryakov et al., 2012, Lemaitre et al., 2012, Cho et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Steen et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Fontenele et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Hendrix et al., 2008, Qi et al., 2008, Shah et al., 2008, Stein et al., 2008, Keranen et al., 2006, Leclerc et al., 2006, Mizutani et al., 2006, Mizutani et al., 2005, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Minakhina et al., 2003, Nibu et al., 2003, DeLotto, 2001, Araujo and Bier, 2000)

Name Synonyms

Gastrulation Defective

(Stein et al., 2010, Sukumari-Ramesh and LeMosy, 2009, Stein et al., 2008, Rushlow, 2004)

gastrulation defective

(Lemaitre et al., 2012, Cho et al., 2010, Qi et al., 2008, Shah et al., 2008, Keranen et al., 2006, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Minakhina et al., 2003, DeLotto, 2001, Araujo and Bier, 2000)

gastrulation-defective

(Leclerc et al., 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (185)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Report Sections