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Gene Dmel\fu

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\fu	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	fused	Annotation symbol	CG6551
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001079
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	21 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-59.5
Cytogenetic map	17D1-17D1	Sequence location	X:18,551,787..18,555,263 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene fused is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\fu (CG6551, FBgn0001079). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: smoothened signaling pathway; regulation of protein stability; positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus; segment polarity determination; germarium-derived egg chamber formation; positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity. 158 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; adult mesothoracic segment; female germline cyst; integumentary plate; organ system; non-connected developing system; presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system; mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 3.5; wing cell; appendage segment. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Protein kinase, ATP binding site; Protein kinase, catalytic domain; Protein kinase-like domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, catalytic domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1635117_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of fu. Gene sequence location is X:18551787..18555263.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	fu: fused fu: fused Edith M. Wallace, unpublished. Veins L3 and L4 fused from base to beyond anterior crossvein with elimination of anterior crossvein and first basal cell. L3 and L4 fused at tip; this fusion may reach back to basal cell. L3 may be thickened and branched to varying degrees; L4 may be partially or completely absent. Mosaic wings in which the posterior compartment is nearly entirely fu/fu may develop normally; alternatively, patches of + tissue in a fu wing may develop a fu phenotype (Fausto-Sterling, 1978, Dev. Biol. 63: 358-69). Wings usually extended; flightless owing to cuticle defect (Deak). Ocelli reduced or absent; bristles of ocellar region small or absent. Eyes small and slightly rough. Phototactic response normal (Benzer, 1967, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 58: 1112-19). Anterior scutellar bristles reduced in number and scutellum shortened. Female late to eclose and has decreased longevity. Ovaries histologically normal at eclosion but with half the normal number of ovarioles (Beatty, 1949, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, B 63: 249-70); fecundity 4% normal. Developing egg chambers may fuse or become tumorous with age (King, Burnett, and Staley, 1957, Growth 21: 239-61 (fig.)]. All aspects of phenotype respond in a coordinated fashion to experimental manipulation (Wust and Hanratty, 1979, Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 21: 335-46). Proportion of tumorous egg chambers increases by 6% per day. Females raised at 18 show only 10% the tumor development of those raised at 25. Tumor formation also enhanced by presence of YS (King, 1969, Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 31: 323-45). Ovarian effects in females carrying fu and a deficiency for fu [i.e. In(1)ClLy4R = In(1)4A5-B1;17A6-B1L1A8-B1;18A3-4R] are more extreme than those in fu homozygote (King, 1959, DIS 33: 142-43; 1970). Alleles vary in strength; measures of ovarian tumor formation revealed that fu1 = fu14 > fu7 > fu13 > fu11 = fu12 [Smith and King, 1966, J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 36: 445-63 (fig.)]. fu/fu ovaries transplanted into fu+ hosts develop autonomously in regard to fertility (Clancy and Beadle, 1937, Biol. Bull. 72: 47-56; Sobels, 1950, Experientia 6: 139-40) and tumor formation (Smith, Bodenstein, and King, 1965, J. Exp. Zool. 159: 333-36). The few normal-appearing eggs that are laid by fu/fu females produce adults only if they have been fertilized by fu+-bearing sperm (Lynch, 1919, Genetics 4: 501-33). Eggs fertilized by fu- or Y-bearing sperm, with rare exceptions (Counce), develop into embryos that become abnormal 5-51/2 hr after fertilization. Lethal embryos exhibit incompletely penetrant segment polarity defects in which the anterior denticle-belt-bearing half of each segment shows mirror-image duplication replacing the naked cuticle of the posterior half; more pronounced in thoracic segments; penetrance in right and left hemisegments at the same level is not necessarily correlated. (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980, Nature 287: 795-801, Gergen and Wieschaus, 1986, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195: 49-62). Elimination of regions of dorsal pattern and occasional head defects are also observed. fu eggs from fu/+ mothers develop normally. Segment polarity defects autonomous in mosaics (Gergen and Wieschaus). Heterozygous daughters from homozygous mothers on the other hand, often have abnormal abdominal segmentation and, as embryos, have abnormal musculature. This is a maternal effect not found in the reciprocal cross, and it is temperature sensitive (Armstrong and Sobels). RK1. fu31 Homozygous and hemizygous females and hemizygous males die in pupal stage; lethality suppressible by Su(fu). fu31/fu41 and fu31/Y have all segments entirely duplicated; lack mouth hooks and some have no head. fu31/+ embryos from such clones exhibit very low paternal rescue; small correction of segmental phenotype, low hatch, and preadult mortality (Busson, Limbourg-Bouchon, Mariol, Preat and Lamour-Isnard, 1988, Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 197: 221-30). fu33 A temperature-sensitive allele. fu wing-vein phenotype occurs at all temperatures; ocelli absent when raised at 22 but not at 17. TSP for absence of anterior ocellus from second instar through pupal stage, for posterior ocelli restricted to late third instar and early pupal stage. Flightless when raised at 22 or 29 but not at 17; wings held horizontally perpendicular to body at 29. Musculature abnormal when raised at restrictive temperatures [Homyk and Grigliatti, 1983, Dev. Genet. 4: 77-97 (fig.)]. fu40 fu40/Y sons of fu40/+ mothers die as late pupae or newly emerged adults; lethality suppressible by Su(fu). fu embryos produced by homozygous germ-line clones are mostly lethal (70%); those that hatch mostly achieve adulthood (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987, Dev. Biol. 119: 587-600).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References Casso et al., 2011, Genetics 187(2): 485--499 Sequence features HFA20333 BKN50731 BKN50029 BKN20250
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 17D1-17D1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP443EP443&P{EP}BxEP1383 and P{EP}Pk17EEP438
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 17C4-17C6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Preat et al., 1990) 17C-17E   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Mariol et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-59.5 (Kaufman, 1969)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\fu for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) fu-RA FBtr0074602  NM_058151   3278   805
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.2 (northern blot) (Therond et al., 1993, Preat et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein fu-PA   FBpp0074373   90.4   805   6.66     NP_477499   AAF48871
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	805 (aa); 90 (kD predicted) (Therond et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR002290) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (IPR017442) MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases and the proteins that inhibit them • M12.951
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA950911   AE014298 AAF48871   AC012373   AI516135   AI542094   BI171413   BI214557   BI228939   BI231693   BI232727   BI356140   BI363246   BI374435   BT023514   CO189422   CO304361   EC051982   EC053999   EC054988   EC206790   EC221100   EC221253   EC225666   EC227913   GH747913   GH748627   GH750024   GH750080   GH750147   GH750609   GH750961   GH753170   GH753506   GH753699   GH755806   GH758670   GH760483   GH760808   GH773703   GH776806   GH777798   GH779967   GH780338   GH780952   GH782064   GH783111   GH783656   GH784414   GH784459   GH785267   GH787557   GH790459   GH790684   GH791945   GH792882   GH793455   GH793759   GH793792   GH794595   GH794703   GH794807   GH796227   GH796353   GH800086   GH800348   GH800763   GH801238   GH801596   GH801902   GH808547   GH810894   GH813922   GH814411   GH814703   GH815858   GH816185   GH817329   GH819667   GH823234   GH824730   GH825136   GH825162   GH827601   GH828608   GH829774   GH831642   GH832200   GH833445   GH833734   GH833910   GH835908   GH836415   GH838829   GH842831   GH843938   GH844502   GH844879   GH844999   GH845764   GH847135   GH853459   GH854457   GH856632   GH857420   GH859393   GH860164   GH860434   GH865183   GH865689   GH866703   GH868197   GH868317   GH868941   GH869140   GH872191   GH872627   GH872841   GH875874   GH877234   GH879688   GH879868   GH883763   GH883963   GH884683   GH885234   GH886933   GH887642   GH888272   GH889044   GH889225   GH890272   GH891370   GH894692   GH895304   GH895340   GH895729   GH900058   GH902861   GH903490   GH903956   GH904473   GH904621   GH905291   GH905959   GH905983   GH907292   GH908701   GH909261   GH909630   GH910015   GH911822   GH913082   GH915044   GH915698   GH916942   GH917126   GH922289   GH924979   GH925191   GH926366   GH928215   GH928560   GH930381   GH930656   GH932936   GH933027   GH933439   GH935472   GH935723   GH937116   GH937735   GH937782   GH937861   GH938377   GH942378   L34782 AAA28552   S69164 AAB29839   S69165 AAB29840   S69166 AAB29841   X55759 CAA39285   X80468 CAA56640
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P23647
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 11   organism | ubiquitous   (Therond et al., 1993) larval stage   imaginal disc   (Therond et al., 1993) adult stage   egg chamber | subset   (Besse et al., 2002) germarium region 2   (Besse et al., 2002) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Preat et al., 1990) adult stage | female   organism   (Preat et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Transcript is detected starting in the midgermarium in cells corresponding to mature 16-cell germline-cysts and prefollicular and follicual cells. Transcript is detected in stage 2 and 3 egg chambers with both somatic and germline cell expression. (Besse et al., 2002) fu transcripts are most abundant in early embryos and adult females. They are also observed at low levels in larvae, pupae, and adult males. Transcripts are first detected by in situ hybridization at stage S8 of oogenesis in nurse cells and appear to flow in the oocyte as oogenesis proceeds. fu transcripts are uniformly distributed in preblastoderm embryos, are located in cortical cells at the cellular blastoderm stage, and are present in all germ layers at similar levels in germ band extended embryos. They are not detected after germ band retraction. In imaginal discs, fu transcripts are present in all cells but are more abundant in wing than in leg discs. (Therond et al., 1993) The 3.2kb fu transcript is present at much higher levels in females than males. It is also present in 0-3hr and 3-6hr embyros. (Preat et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   egg chamber | subset   (Besse et al., 2002) germarium region 2   • cytoplasm (Besse et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data
	fu protein isdetected in a pattern completely overlapping that of its transcript in the germarium and early egg chambers. The protein is detected in the cytoplasm. (Besse et al., 2002)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0001079    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0001079 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001079 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3388 embryo 02-04hr    4063 embryo 04-06hr    2208 embryo 06-08hr    1868 embryo 08-10hr    1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr    1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr    1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day    1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3388) embryo 02-04hr  (4063) embryo 04-06hr  (2208) embryo 06-08hr  (1868) embryo 08-10hr  (1796) embryo 10-12hr  (1269) embryo 12-14hr  (991) embryo 14-16hr  (1509) embryo 16-18hr  (1088) embryo 18-20hr  (715) embryo 20-22hr  (1467) embryo 22-24hr  (1233) larva L1  (426) larva L2  (273) larva L3 12hr old  (204) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (283) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (465) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (529) white prepupae new  (573) white prepupae 12hr  (865) white prepupae 24hr  (808) pupae 2d postWPP  (406) pupae 3d postWPP  (254) pupae 4d postWPP  (351) adult male 01day  (274) adult male 05day  (294) adult male 30day  (332) adult female 01day  (904) adult female 05day  (1246) adult female 30day  (1436) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3388) embryo 02-04hr  (4063) embryo 04-06hr  (2208) embryo 06-08hr  (1868) embryo 08-10hr  (1796) embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr  1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr  1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day  1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3388 embryo 02-04hr    4063 embryo 04-06hr    2208 embryo 06-08hr    1868 embryo 08-10hr    1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr    1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr    1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day    1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3388 embryo 02-04hr    4063 embryo 04-06hr    2208 embryo 06-08hr    1868 embryo 08-10hr    1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr    1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr    1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day    1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001079 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3388 embryo 02-04hr    4063 embryo 04-06hr    2208 embryo 06-08hr    1868 embryo 08-10hr    1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr    1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr    1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day    1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3388) embryo 02-04hr  (4063) embryo 04-06hr  (2208) embryo 06-08hr  (1868) embryo 08-10hr  (1796) embryo 10-12hr  (1269) embryo 12-14hr  (991) embryo 14-16hr  (1509) embryo 16-18hr  (1088) embryo 18-20hr  (715) embryo 20-22hr  (1467) embryo 22-24hr  (1233) larva L1  (426) larva L2  (273) larva L3 12hr old  (204) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (283) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (465) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (529) white prepupae new  (573) white prepupae 12hr  (865) white prepupae 24hr  (808) pupae 2d postWPP  (406) pupae 3d postWPP  (254) pupae 4d postWPP  (351) adult male 01day  (274) adult male 05day  (294) adult male 30day  (332) adult female 01day  (904) adult female 05day  (1246) adult female 30day  (1436) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3388) embryo 02-04hr  (4063) embryo 04-06hr  2208 embryo 06-08hr  1868 embryo 08-10hr  1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr  1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr  1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day  1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3388 embryo 02-04hr    4063 embryo 04-06hr    2208 embryo 06-08hr    1868 embryo 08-10hr    1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr    1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr    1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day    1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3388 embryo 02-04hr    4063 embryo 04-06hr    2208 embryo 06-08hr    1868 embryo 08-10hr    1796 embryo 10-12hr    1269 embryo 12-14hr    991 embryo 14-16hr    1509 embryo 16-18hr    1088 embryo 18-20hr    715 embryo 20-22hr    1467 embryo 22-24hr    1233 larva L1    426 larva L2    273 larva L3 12hr old    204 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    283 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    465 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    529 white prepupae new    573 white prepupae 12hr    865 white prepupae 24hr    808 pupae 2d postWPP    406 pupae 3d postWPP    254 pupae 4d postWPP    351 adult male 01day    274 adult male 05day    294 adult male 30day    332 adult female 01day    904 adult female 05day    1246 adult female 30day    1436 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0001079    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0001079 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001079 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001079 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.9 Larval Midgut    51 Larval Hindgut    62.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    47.5 Larval Fat Body    51.5 Larval Salivary Gland    57.7 Larval Trachea    85.225 Larval Carcass    65.55 Adult Head    64.3 Adult Eye    45.525 Adult Brain    110.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9 Adult Crop    79.4 Adult Midgut    40 Adult Hindgut    43.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.8 Adult Fat Body    67.3 Adult Salivary Gland    47.3 Adult Heart    37.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2 Adult Ovary    382.3 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    29.1 Adult Carcass    41.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    64.3   NA  Eye    45.525   NA  Brain    110.7   195.9  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    79.9   NA  Crop    79.4   51  Midgut    40   62.2  Hindgut    43.9   47.5  Malpighian Tubules    32.8   51.5  Fat Body    67.3   57.7  Salivary Gland    47.3   NA  Heart    37.075   85.225  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    78.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    67.2   NA  Ovary    382.3   NA  Testis    16.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    29.1   65.55  Carcass    41.6 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001079 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6551-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage fu5 fu7 fu41 lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | recessive fumH63 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with fu1) fu1A4 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with fu1A4) fu1 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive fu10C lethal | embryonic stage | recessive fu1 fu41 lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive fumH63 lethal | pupal stage fu40 fuBS fumH63 lethal | pupal stage | recessive fu1 fu5N fu39 fu40 fu41 fuD12 lethal | recessive | rescuable maternal effect fu37 fu38 fu39 lethal | rescuable maternal effect fu5N fu39 fu40 fuD12 viable fu1 fu14 fuv22 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 fuGD11958 viable | reduced fu52 Sterility Allele female fertile fuRX2rev female fertile | reduced fu14 female semi-sterile fu5 female sterile fu7 fu52 fu57a female sterile | recessive | heat sensitive fu33 Other Phenotypes Allele tumorigenic fu7 fu10 fu13 fu37 fu52 fu57a tumorigenic (with Df(1)fu-Z4) fu52 tumorigenic (with fu50) fu52 tumorigenic (with fu52) fu50 visible fu1 fu5 fu7 fu10 fu11 fu13 fu14 fu15 fu16 fu32 fu36 fu41 fu42 fu43 fu45 fu46 fu47 fu48 fu49 fu50 fu51 fu52 fu53 fu54 fu55 fu56 fu57 fu57a fuBS fuJ fumH63 fuRX15 visible | recessive fu1 fu52 fu94 fuRX2 visible | somatic clone fu1 fuunspecified wild-type fu+t5.1 fu+t7.4 fuhs.PT Phenotype manifest in Allele anterior crossvein fu15 anterior crossvein | somatic clone fu1 anterior scutellar bristle fu15 fu57a blastoderm embryo | maternal effect fu10C Bolwig organ | germline clone fumH63 cystoblast | supernumerary fu1 fu41 fu50 fu52 cystoblast | supernumerary (with Df(1)fu-Z4) fu50 fu52 cystoblast | supernumerary (with fu50) fu52 cystoblast | supernumerary (with fu52) fu50 denticle belt fu41 denticle belt | maternal effect fu10C denticle belt | maternal effect (with fu1) fu1A4 denticle belt | maternal effect (with fu1A4) fu1 discal cell fu52 fuRX2 dorsal double row | anterior compartment fu1 dorsal hair fu41 egg | germline clone fu37 fu38 fu39 egg chamber fu1 fu33 fu41 fu50 fu52 egg chamber (with Df(1)fu-Z4) fu50 fu52 egg chamber (with fu50) fu52 egg chamber (with fu52) fu50 embryo | germline clone fu37 fu38 fu39 embryo | germline clone | segment polarity expression pattern fu1 embryonic abdomen | germline clone fu38 fu39 embryonic epidermis fu41 embryonic epidermis | maternal effect (with fu1) fu1A4 embryonic epidermis | maternal effect (with fu1A4) fu1 embryonic segment | maternal effect fu10C embryonic segment | maternal effect | posterior compartment (with fu1) fu1A4 embryonic segment | maternal effect | posterior compartment (with fu1A4) fu1 embryonic thorax | germline clone fu38 fu39 embryonic ventral nervous system | maternal effect fu10C germline cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fu50 fumH63 germline cell | embryonic stage | germline clone fumH63 interfollicle cell fu52 interfollicle cell | somatic clone fu52 interocellar bristle fu1 lateral ocellus fu1 macrochaeta & tarsal segment 5 | distal fu1 medial ocellus fu1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 1 fu1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 2.5 fu1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 3.5 fu1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 4 fu1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 5 fu1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle longitudinal row 8 fu1 microchaeta & tarsal segment 1 fu1 microchaeta & tarsal segment 2 fu1 microchaeta & tarsal segment 3 fu1 microchaeta & tarsal segment 4 fu1 microchaeta & tarsal segment 5 fu1 nurse cell fu52 ocellar bristle fu1 fu15 fu57a ocellus fu13 fu15 fu57a oocyte fu52 oocyte | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fu50 ovariole fu1 fu52 ovary fu10 fu13 fu33 fu37 fu38 fu39 fu40 fu57a fu5N fu7 fuD12 polar follicle cell fu52 posterior cell fu15 posterior scutellar bristle fu15 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system fuJ scutellum fu15 fu57a segment | posterior fu41 sensillum campaniformium of dorsal radius | somatic clone fu1 ventral double row | anterior compartment fu1 wing fu1 fu10 fu13 fu15 fu41 fu5 fu52 fu94 fuBS fumH63 wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 fuG13V.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 wing | posterior compartment fumH63 wing | somatic clone fu1 wing basal cell 1 fu15 wing basal cell 2 fu52 fuRX2 wing sensillum | somatic clone fu1 wing vein fu1 fu14 fuJ fumH63 wing vein | ectopic | somatic clone fu1 wing vein L3 fu1 fu10 fu13 fu14 fu15 fu41 fu52 fu57a fuRX2 wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 fuG13V.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 wing vein L3 | distal fu1 fu41 fu52 fuRX15 wing vein L3 | proximal fu1 fu41 fu52 fuRX15 wing vein L3 | somatic clone fuunspecified wing vein L4 fu1 fu10 fu13 fu14 fu15 fu41 fu52 fu57a fuRX2 wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 fuG13V.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 wing vein L4 | proximal fu1 fumH63 wing vein L4 | somatic clone fuunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 78 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of fu Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion fu1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 5 Yes fu33 4 -- fumH63 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes fu11 spontaneous 1 Yes fu41 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes fu50 diepoxybutane 1 Yes fu52 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence diepoxybutane 1 Yes fu54 diepoxybutane 1 Yes fuHP10439 1 -- fu10 nitrogen mustard 0 -- fu10C hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- fu113 0 -- fu12 gamma ray 0 -- fu13 gamma ray 0 -- fu14 gamma ray X ray 0 Yes fu15 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 0 -- fu16 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes fu17 0 -- fu18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu1A4 0 Yes fu20 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu2 0 -- fu30 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu32 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fu34 0 -- fu35 0 -- fu36 spontaneous 0 Yes fu37 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fu38 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu39 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fu3 0 -- fu40 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fu42 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu43 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu44 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu45 diepoxybutane 0 -- fu46 diepoxybutane 0 -- fu47 diepoxybutane 0 -- fu48 diepoxybutane 0 -- fu49 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu4 0 -- fu513 0 -- fu51 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu53 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu55 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu56 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu57 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu57a 0 -- fu58 diepoxybutane 0 Yes fu5 heat-treatment 0 -- fu5N ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- fu60 0 -- fu6 0 -- fu7 formaldehyde 0 -- fu8 U.V. 0 -- fu94 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fu9 nitrogen mustard 0 -- fuD12 diepoxybutane 0 -- fuJ 0 -- fuRX11 X ray 0 Yes fuRX13 X ray 0 Yes fuRX15 X ray 0 Yes fuRX16 X ray 0 Yes fuRX1 X ray 0 Yes fuRX2 X ray 0 Yes fuRX2rev spontaneous 0 Yes fuRX7 X ray 0 Yes fuunspecified 0 -- fuv22 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 80 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of fu Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion fuGD11958 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes fuGL00148 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes fuJF01490 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes fuJF01579 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes fu+t5.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes fu+t7.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes fuAA.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuAct5C.m6.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fuAct5C.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fuAct5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fuAS.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuAS.ΔC1.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuAS.ΔC2.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuBS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fucMa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes fuCosC4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes fuDANA.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuDD.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuDE.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuDE.KA3.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuDE.ΔC1.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuDE.ΔC2.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuDS.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fudsRNA.cLa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes fuED.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuED.ΔC1.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuED.ΔC2.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuEE.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuES.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuG13V.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes fuG13V.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes fuG13V in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuG2 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuG4 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuHP in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuhs.PT in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fuHS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuK33E in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuK33M.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuK33R in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuKA3.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuPst11 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuPst5 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuPst9 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.cAa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.cAb in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fuScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fuST1 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuST3 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuTA.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuTA.ΔC1.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuTA.ΔC2.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuTD.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuTE.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fuXB110 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXB112 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXB14 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXB25 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXB33 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXB38 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXB82 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS105 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS1 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS37 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS3 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS41 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS46a Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS46b Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS47 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS54 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS6 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS93 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuXS9 Delta2-3 0 Yes fuΔC1.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuΔC2.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes fuΔKD.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)BSC585 (Cook et al., 2008.9.3) Df(1)BSC771 (Christensen et al., 2009.2.28) Df(1)Exel7463 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(1)fu-A7 (Mariol et al., 1987) Df(1)fu-H4 (Busson et al., 1988, Eberl et al., 1992) Df(1)fu-P1 (Preat et al., 1993) Df(1)fu-Z4 (Preat et al., 1993) Df(1)N19 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Mariol et al., 1987) In(1)ClLbbDfR   In(1)ClLy4R
Duplicated in	Dp(1;1)100 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)100 (Morgan, 1938) In(1)bbDfLClR   In(1)bbDfLy4R
Not disrupted in	Df(1)14zA (Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)60b (Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)267 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)268 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)274 (Patterson, 1932) In(1)y4Lsc9R
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;1)105 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;1)112 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)102 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)106 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)107 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)118 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)136 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)137 (Dobzhansky, 1932)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11958} NA P{TRiP.GL00148} NA P{TRiP.JF01490} NA P{TRiP.JF01579} NA P{UAS-Flag-fu.G13V} NA P{UAS-Flag-fu.WT} NA P{UAS-fu.A} NA P{UAS-fu.Ab} NA P{UAS-fu.T} NA P{UAS-GFP-fu.M} NA P{UAS-HA-fu.G13V} NA P{UAS-HA-fu.WT} NA P{UAS-Myc-fu.WT} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-fu.T} NA characterization construct P{3'FU-S.XB14} NA P{3'FU-S.XB33} NA P{3'FU-S.XB110} NA P{Act5C-m6GFP-fu} NA P{Act5C-mRFP-fu} NA P{BS} NA P{FU-L.G2} NA P{FU-L.G4} NA P{FU-L.XS1} NA P{FU-L.XS3} NA P{FU-L.XS6} NA P{FU-L.XS9} NA P{FU-L.XS37} NA P{FU-L.XS41} NA P{FU-L.XS46a} NA P{FU-L.XS46b} NA P{FU-L.XS47} NA P{FU-L.XS54} NA P{FU-L.XS93} NA P{FU-L.XS105} NA P{FU-L} NA P{FU-S.XB25} NA P{FU-S.XB38} NA P{FU-S.XB82} NA P{FU-S.XB112} NA P{FU-S} NA P{G13V} NA P{HP} NA P{HS} NA P{K33E} NA P{K33R} NA P{Pst5} NA P{Pst9} NA P{Pst11} NA P{ST1} NA P{ST3} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{}fu16 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EPg}fuHP10439 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 15 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with cos (Fukumoto et al., 2001, Ascano et al., 2002) protein serine/threonine kinase activity inferred from direct assay (Nybakken et al., 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
germarium-derived egg chamber formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Besse et al., 2002) positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity inferred from genetic interaction with hh AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Ohlmeyer and Kalderon, 1998) positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2000) regulation of protein stability inferred from direct assay (Liu et al., 2007) segment polarity determination inferred from mutant phenotype (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980) smoothened signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Ingham, 1993, Fukumoto et al., 2001, Ascano et al., 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
Hedgehog signaling complex inferred from physical interaction with ci AND inferred from physical interaction with cos (Stegman et al., 2000) membrane inferred from direct assay (Stegman et al., 2004) protein complex inferred from physical interaction with Su(fu) (Monnier et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) protein serine/threonine kinase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Preat et al., 1990) non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.11.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
germarium-derived egg chamber formation non-traceable author statement (Williamson and Lehmann, 1996) protein phosphorylation inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR008271 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000) regulation of proteolysis non-traceable author statement (Ou et al., 2003) segment polarity determination non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.11.1) smoothened signaling pathway traceable author statement (Leahy, 1999, Ogden et al., 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm traceable author statement (Leahy, 1999)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions fu allele Gene References fu1 ci (Alves et al., 1998) cos (Besse et al., 2002) hh (Alves et al., 1998) kn (Vervoort et al., 1999) oro (Epps et al., 1997) Su(fu) (Preat, 1992, Preat et al., 1993, Delattre et al., 1999, Besse et al., 2002) fu11 Su(fu) (Preat et al., 1993) fu14 Su(fu) (Preat et al., 1993) fu16 Su(fu) (Preat et al., 1993) fu41 ci (Alves et al., 1998) hh (Alves et al., 1998) fu52 cos (Besse et al., 2002) Su(fu) (Besse et al., 2002) fuJ hh (Sanchez-Herrero et al., 1996) ptc (Sanchez-Herrero et al., 1996) fumH63 hh (Suzuki and Saigo, 2000) ptc (Ohlmeyer and Kalderon, 1998) Su(fu) (Preat, 1992) fuRX2 Su(fu) (Marcilliere and Limbourg-Bouchon, 1997) fuScer\UAS.cAb smo (Hooper, 2003) fuunspecified ci (Alves et al., 1998) slmb (Miletich and Limbourg-Bouchon, 1997) unspecified cos (Preat et al., 1993) en (Lawrence and Struhl, 1982) hh (Ohlmeyer and Kalderon, 1998) rho (Sturtevant and Bier, 1995) sauf (Marcilliere and Limbourg-Bouchon, 1997) Su(fu) (Dussillol-Godar et al., 2006, Preat et al., 1993)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59167 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001079 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001079 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32855
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF22541 Dere\GG19178 Dgri\GH12528 Dmoj\GI11181 Dper\GL26989 Dpse\GA19680 Dsec\GM22909 Dsim\GD24858 Dvir\fu Dwil\GK10190 Dyak\GE17742
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dame\fu   Dbor\fu   Dezo\fu   Dfla\fu   Dkan\fu   Dlac\fu   Dlit\fu   Dlum\fu (Vieira, 2000.3.1) Dmir\CG6551 (Thornton, 2005.12.20) Dmon\fu   Dnov\fu   Dpse\GA19680   Dsim\fu (Sturtevant, 1929) Dvir\fu (Blanchet-Tournier, 1995.2.2)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL007835-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP012519-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001122254.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001948330.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA006914-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000038069 Bos taurus (bovine) ENSCAFP00000021994 Canis familiaris (dog) JA14918 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CPIJ001040 Culex pipens (mosquito) 150354 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) ENSECAP00000008449 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGALP00000018526 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_3957 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) ENSP00000295709 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000019211 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000008885 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) XP_001607454.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSPPYP00000014729 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 80428 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) ENSPTRP00000022091 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) XP_968708.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB15034 NV14116 LH21347 FBgn0235188 FBgn0212205 FBgn0015210 FBgn0196175 FBgn0177778 JGI_V11_61311 FBgn0079676 FBgn0164570 FBgn0133942 FBgn0120007 FBgn0111384 FBgn0099535 CPIJ001040 BGIBMGA006914 ACYPI009698 GB10754 AGAP012519 AAEL007835 PHUM320060 GLEAN_06834 GLEAN_06826 GLEAN_06827 GLEAN_06825
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 21 )
Bloomington	1533 fu1/ClB 7205 fu52/FM6 7206 fu54/FM6 7204 fu50/FM7c 7207 fumH63/FM6 7203 w1 fu41/FM6 21875 w1118 P{EPg}fuHP10439/FM7c 31043 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01490}attP2
Kyoto	106372 fu1/ClB 101067 ClB / fu11
VDRC	v27662 w1118; P{GD11958}v27662 v27663 w1118; P{GD11958}v27663/CyO
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR14D22 BACR17H16 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 174 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD03657
Other clones	DPiM_LD03657
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD31077 LD41892 RE13185 RE20396 RE23312 RE26605 RE28848 RE42211 RE48012 RE62024 SD08174
Other clones	21209 30002 107257 192702 CK01.54C.A2 EC051982 EC053999 EC054988 EK044233 EK244448 RP003018107 RP003038361 RP003038783 RP003059058 RP003064651 RP003068188 RP003072712 RP003073048 RP003073602 RP003077962 RP003084566 RP003085634 RP003086730 RP003090209 RP003093945 RP003095281 RP003097303 RP003101742 RP003102744 RP003103939 RP003113033 RP003114503 RP003123591 RP003128164 RP003128829 RP003140292 RP003147085 RP003150172 RP003152348 RP003154615 RP003162147 RP003165154 RP003165540 RP003167389 RP003167703 RP003172356 RP003179750 RP003190009 RP003193682 RP003197622 RP003198584 RP003201618 RP003206223 RP003215738 RP003217045 RP003222348 RP003225358 RP003228515 RP003228687 RP003230283 RP003234223 RP003239132 RP003246914 RP003252175 RP003252740 RP003254512 RP003259561 RP003261779 RP003270610 RP003274381 RP003282955 RP003286116 RP003288149 RP003288376 RP003290469 RP003295979 RP003297524 RP003306478 RP003312997 RP003314934 RP003316875 RP003327191 RP003332247 RP003343831 RP003346312 RP003352108 RP003357323 RP003357387 RP003358304 RP003359831 RP003366683 RP003369961 RP003384550 RP003391890 RP003392084 RP003392974 RP003394981 RP003399584 RP003409390 RP003410136 RP003411812 RP003412173 RP003420223 RP003429986 RP003431897 RP003432198 RP003447546 RP003451379 RP003460448 RP003466179 RP003470615 RP003479441 RP003481272 RP003486056 RP003487342 RP003499698 RP003501669 RP003504658 RP003505434 RP003505567 RP003508849 RP003512303 RP003521723 RP003528999 RP003529494 RP003530016 RP003531717 RP003538873 RP003540063 RP003540622 RP003552577 RP003554130 RP003555249 RP003556066 RP003558460 RP003558499 RP003562862 RP003563833 RP003565199 RP003565821 RP003568266 RP003572574 RP003572577 RP003573262 RP003581609 RP003584397 RP003585296 RP003585762 RP003585849 RP003607428 RP003621272 RP003622657 RP003628883 RP003631043 RP003637803 RP003643106 RP003645591 RP003646067 RP003649816 RP003652022 RP003656717
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001079 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32855
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
	Bridges, 4th Nov. 1912.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: fu CG6551 (Li, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	No complementation observed in 120 heteroallelic combinations (Wurst and Hanratty, 1979).
Other Comments
	fu blocks cos binding with smo through phosphorylation of cos, leading to cell-surface accumulation of smo. (Liu et al., 2007) fu regulates the stability of cos through phosphorylation. (Liu et al., 2007) fu has the ability to directly bind both cos and smo (in a hh-independent manner). (Malpel et al., 2007) Identified as a component of the hh signalling pathway in a genome-wide RNAi screen. dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed affects the extent of expression of a hh signaling reporter construct in Clone 8 cells. (Nybakken et al., 2005) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) 9 alleles of fu have been recovered in a screen for mutations with smo-like mutant phenotypes in clones in the wing. (Vegh and Basler, 2003) fu protein phosphorylates cos protein. The primary site of phosphorylation is Ser-572, with Ser-931 being phosphorylated to a lesser extent. (Nybakken et al., 2002) fu participates in to partially redundant pathways to regulate ci nuclear import; the kinase function plays a positive role by inhibiting Su(fu), and the regulatory domain plays a negative role in conjunction with cos. (Lefers et al., 2001) fu may stimulate the hh pathway, not by promoting the formation of ciact, but rather by facilitating its entry into the nucleus. (Methot and Basler, 2000) fu is required autonomously in anterior cells neighboring hh to maintain ptc and wg expression. (Therond et al., 1999) Using the yeast two-hybrid method and an in vitro binding assay it is demonstrated that Su(fu), ci and fu can interact directly to form a trimolecular complex, with Su(fu) binding to both its partners simultaneously. In the absence of hh signalling results propose that Su(fu) inhibits ci by binding to it and that, upon reception of the hh signal, fu is activated and counteracts Su(fu), leading to the activation of ci. (Monnier et al., 1998) Su(fu) and fu modify wing phenotypes due to hh signalling. (Ohlmeyer and Kalderon, 1998) hh elicits signal transduction via a complex that includes the products of the fu, ci and cos genes. The complex binds with high affinity to microtubules in the absence of hh protein, but not when hh is present. The complex may facilitate signalling from hh by governing access of the ci product to the nucleus. (Robbins et al., 1997) Mutations in the catalytic domain of the fu protein abolish both its biological function and its association with cos protein. (Robbins et al., 1997) Genetic and molecular analysis of both endogenous and in vitro induced fu mutant alleles has been performed to characterise the function of fu and to assess the role of the different fu protein domains. (Therond et al., 1996) fu protein is phosphorylated during embryogenesis as a result of hh activity. Results from cell culture studies suggest that fu and Pka-C1 function downstream of hh but in parallel pathways that eventually converge distal to fu. (Therond et al., 1996) The small lobe of fu may play a role in generating the neomorphic cos phenotype displayed by an unregulated fu protein in a Su(fu)- background. (Alves et al., 1995) DNA comparison of fu and Dvir\fu identifies regions conserved during evolution: the 268 amino acid kinase domain and a domain within the third exon. Stretches of conserved sequences are also observed in the 5' and 3' untranslated sequences. (Blanchet-Tournier et al., 1995) Mutations at the fu locus result in morphological defects in the adult compound eye and mechano-sensory bristles. Genetic analysis reveals that sca enhances the fu phenotype suggesting a possible interaction between fu and sca. (Leshko-Lindsay and Corces, 1995) fu and hh modulate the post-transcriptional regulation of ci protein. (Motzny and Holmgren, 1995) Genetic and molecular data suggest that fu and Su(fu) could act through a competitive posttransductional modification of a common target in the hh signalling pathway. (Pham et al., 1995) Scer\GAL4 under the control of wg, en, h and prd driving the expression of fu genomic fragment downstream of a UAS element has been used to test phenotypic rescue of fu- embryos be localised fu expression. (Therond et al., 1995) The migration of wing glial cells is affected by N and fu, which both affect axonogenesis, suggesting that the two processes are tightly associated. (Giangrande, 1994) Direct wg autoregulation differs from wg signalling to adjacent cells in the importance of fu, smo and ci relative to sgg and arm. (Hooper, 1994) Mutants display hyperplastic phenotype, tissue overgrowth in mitotic recombination clones and in the germline. (Mechler, 1994) fu and ci are required for normal wg transcription, acting downstream of ptc to regulate wg transcription. Transcriptional control of ptc is mediated by fu and ci. (Forbes et al., 1993) Segment polarity mutations cause stripes of abnormal patterning within sectors of the leg disc, which may be mediated by regional perturbations in growth. (Held, 1993) Competence of cells to express wg is independent of their ability to receive the hh signal. wg activation requires the function of fu, this suggests that the putative hh signal is transduced by the serine/threonine kinase that fu encodes. (Ingham, 1993) The genetic hierarchy regulating female germ-line sex determination includes tra, tra2, dsx, fu, otu, ovo, snf and Sxl. fu, otu, ovo and snf function upstream of Sxl. (Oliver et al., 1993) fu alleles are qualitatively classified and the molecular bases underlying the classification reflects the functional organisation of the fu gene locus. (Preat et al., 1993) The structure of the fu transcription unit, its temporal and spatial expression are analysed. (Therond et al., 1993) wg and en expression patterns are studied in all known segment polarity mutants to investigate the requirement of other segment polarity genes in mediating the maintenance of wg and en. (van den Heuvel et al., 1993) Wing phenotype and maternally determined lethality of fu mutants suppressed by loss of function mutations at Su(fu). (Preat, 1992) Segmentation genes interacting with fu have been identified. (Limbourg-Bouchon et al., 1991) Mutations in fu cause extra longitudinal or transverse veins with plexated vein phenotypes. kn, fu and shf act synergistically against Px, px, net, dsr and emc. (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990) Molecular data suggests that fu encodes a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase. (Preat et al., 1990) The kn and fu loci belong to the knot phenotypic group within the 'excess-of-vein' mutant class. Mutants generate a medial shift in the position of the longitudinal veins, sensilla and chaetae. Double mutants are superadditive in vein pattern defects. (Diaz-Benjumea et al., 1989) Role of fu in neurogenesis has been studied. (Patel et al., 1989) Molecular analysis of fu mutations reveals that they fall into two groups; large deficiencies or, point mutations or extremely small deletions. Both class of mutations interact with Su(fu) and cos. (Preat et al., 1989) Genetic analysis of viable and lethal alleles of fu has been performed and demonstrates that zygotic expression of fu is required for normal metamorphosis, while maternal expression is necessary for a normal segmentation pattern. (Busson et al., 1988) DNA sequences thought to contain fu have been identified and injected into fu mutant embryos: partial rescue of the mutant phenotype was obtained. (Mariol et al., 1987) Veins L3 and L4 fused from base to beyond anterior crossvein with elimination of anterior crossvein and first basal cell. L3 and L4 fused at tip; this fusion may reach back to basal cell. L3 may be thickened and branched to varying degrees; L4 may be partially or completely absent. Mosaic wings in which the posterior compartment is nearly entirely fu/fu may develop normally; alternatively, patches of + tissue in a fu wing may develop a fu phenotype (Fausto-Sterling, 1978). Wings usually extended; flightless owing to cuticle defect (Deak, 1976). Ocelli reduced or absent; bristles of ocellar region small or absent. Eyes small and slightly rough. Phototactic response normal (Benzer, 1967). Anterior scutellar bristles reduced in number and scutellum shortened. Female late to eclose and has decreased longevity. Ovaries histologically normal at eclosion but with half the normal number of ovarioles (Beatty, 1949); fecundity 4% normal. Developing egg chambers may fuse or become tumorous with age (King, Burnett, and Staley, 1957). All aspects of phenotype respond in a coordinated fashion to experimental manipulation (Wust and Hanratty, 1979). Proportion of tumorous egg chambers increases by 6% per day. Females raised at 18oC show only 10% the tumor development of those raised at 25oC. Tumor formation also enhanced by presence of YS (King, 1969). Ovarian effects in females carrying fu and a deficiency for fu <up>E.G. In(1)ClLy4R</up> are more extreme than those in fu homozygote (King, 1959). Alleles vary in strength; measures of ovarian tumor formation revealed that fu1 = fu14 > fu7 > fu13 > fu11 = fu12 (Smith and King, 1966). fu/fu ovaries transplanted into fu+ hosts develop autonomously in regard to fertility (Clancy and Beadle, 1937) (Sobels, 1950) and tumor formation (Smith, Bodenstein and King, 1965). The few normal-appearing eggs that are laid by fu/fu females produce adults only if they have been fertilized by fu+-bearing sperm (Lynch, 1919). Eggs fertilized by fu- or Y-bearing sperm, with rare exceptions (Counce, 1956), develop into embryos that become abnormal 5-5.5 hr after fertilization. Lethal embryos exhibit incompletely penetrant segment polarity defects in which the anterior denticle-belt-bearing half of each segment shows mirror-image duplication replacing the naked cuticle of the posterior half; more pronounced in thoracic segments; penetrance in right and left hemisegments at the same level is not necessarily correlated. (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980; Gergen and Wieschaus, 1986). Elimination of regions of dorsal pattern and occasional head defects are also observed. fu eggs from fu/+ mothers develop normally. Segment polarity defects autonomous in mosaics (Gergen and Wieschaus, 1986). Heterozygous daughters from homozygous mothers on the other hand, often have abnormal abdominal segmentation and, as embryos, have abnormal musculature. This is a maternal effect not found in the reciprocal cross and it is temperature-sensitive (Armstrong and Sobels).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_058151 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477499 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28552 AAB29839 AAB29840 AAB29841 AAF48871 AC012373 CAA39285 CAA56640 L34782 S69164 S69165 S69166 X55759 X80468 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 32855 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P23647
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR002290) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (IPR017442) MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases and the proteins that inhibit them • M12.951
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59167 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001079 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001079 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001079 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001079 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6551-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001079 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 90661 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32855 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL007835-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP012519-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001122254.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001948330.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA006914-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000038069 Bos taurus (bovine) ENSCAFP00000021994 Canis familiaris (dog) JA14918 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CPIJ001040 Culex pipens (mosquito) 150354 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) ENSECAP00000008449 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGALP00000018526 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_3957 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) ENSP00000295709 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000019211 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000008885 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) XP_001607454.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSPPYP00000014729 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 80428 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) ENSPTRP00000022091 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) XP_968708.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /segment/fused.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32855 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001079 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB15034 NV14116 LH21347 FBgn0235188 FBgn0212205 FBgn0015210 FBgn0196175 FBgn0177778 JGI_V11_61311 FBgn0079676 FBgn0164570 FBgn0133942 FBgn0120007 FBgn0111384 FBgn0099535 CPIJ001040 BGIBMGA006914 ACYPI009698 GB10754 AGAP012519 AAEL007835 PHUM320060 GLEAN_06834 GLEAN_06826 GLEAN_06827 GLEAN_06825
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 10 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG6551 (Morrison et al., 2000, Ruby et al., 2007, Nybakken et al., 2005, Ni et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2011.7.19) dFu (Fouix et al., 2003) Dm fu (Blanchet-Tournier et al., 1995) fu (Friggi-Grelin et al., 2008, Ishii, 2005, Briscoe and Therond, 2005, Zhou et al., 2006, Dussillol-Godar et al., 2006, Cook et al., 2008.9.3, Besse et al., 2005, Nybakken et al., 2005, Ascano et al., 2002, Liu et al., 2008, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2006, Sun and Deng, 2007, Smelkinson et al., 2007, Ruel et al., 2007, Umemori et al., 2007, Claret et al., 2007, Farzan et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Ayers et al., 2009, Raisin et al., 2010) Fu (Ruel et al., 2003, Jia et al., 2004, Osterlund and Kogerman, 2006, Gallet et al., 2006, Ogden et al., 2006, Zhao and Jiang, 2008, De Rivoyre et al., 2006, Torroja et al., 2005, Zhao et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2007, Walthall et al., 2007, Ogden et al., 2008, Monnier et al., 2002, Wang et al., 2000, Zhang et al., 2005, Farzan et al., 2009) FU (Sanial and Plessis, 2007, Plessis et al., 2007, Malpel et al., 2007) fumel (Blanchet-Tournier et al., 1995) l(1)fu (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987)
Name Synonym	fused (Tricoire, 1994.7.21, Lamour-Isnard, 1994.7.21, Besse et al., 2005, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2006, Sun and Deng, 2007, Umemori et al., 2007, Raisin et al., 2010) Fused (Sanial and Plessis, 2007, Plessis et al., 2007, Ogden et al., 2006, Ascano et al., 2002, Liu et al., 2008, Zhao and Jiang, 2008, Torroja et al., 2005, Zhao et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2007, Malpel et al., 2007, Claret et al., 2007, Walthall et al., 2007, Ogden et al., 2008, Monnier et al., 2002, Farzan et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 344 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 344 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 154 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 80 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 74 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 7 ) Meeting report  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Book  ( 4 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Casso et al., 2011, Genetics 187(2): 485--499 A Novel Interaction Between hedgehog and Notch Promotes Proliferation at the Anterior-Posterior Organizer of the Drosophila Wing. [FBrf0212986] Raisin et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 344(1): 119--128 Dynamic phosphorylation of the kinesin Costal-2 in vivo reveals requirement of fused kinase activity for all levels of hedgehog signalling. [FBrf0211312] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...