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Gene Dmel\Gαs

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Gαs	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	G protein α s subunit	Annotation symbol	CG2835
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001123
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	13 publicly available
Also Known As	Gαs, dgs, Gs, GSα, Gsα, G-salpha60A, dgsα, Gsα60A, G-sα60A
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	60A12-60A13	Sequence location	2R:19,830,064..19,834,459 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene G protein α s subunit is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Gαs (CG2835, FBgn0001123). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: GTPase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: chaeta development; synaptic transmission; wing disc development; response to trehalose stimulus; sensory perception of sweet taste; neuromuscular junction development; imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis. 26 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; adult segment; multicellular structure; thoracic segment; gustatory sensory organ; integumentary specialisation; adult; synapse; distiproboscis; embryonic/larval fat body. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion; G-protein alpha subunit, group S; Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult fat body, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1639015_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of G-salpha60A. Gene sequence location is 2R:19830064..19834459.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Gα60A: G protein α subunit at 60A Encodes a stimulatory G protein α subunit with high homology to mammalian Gsα that is responsible for the coupling of extracellular receptors to adenylate cyclase and an increase in the second messenger cAMP (Quan et al., 1989). The protein is expressed at low levels until completion of germband shortening; then high levels begin to be expressed in the neuropil (Wolfgang et al., 1990).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03	Alleles Galphas[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP]
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms G-protein coupled receptor binding extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 60A12-60A13   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}TalEP489&P{EP}CG3065EP316 and P{lacW}Phmk07623&P{lacW}tsrk05633
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 60A-60A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Quan et al., 1989)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Gαs for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Gαs-RA FBtr0072144  NM_058158   1847   382 Gαs-RB FBtr0072143  NM_058157   1856   385 Gαs-RC FBtr0072142  NM_166640   1634   382 Gαs-RD FBtr0301411  NM_001169812   1630   385
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.9 (unknown) (Quan et al., 1989)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Gαs-PA   FBpp0072053   44.7   382   7.98     NP_477506   AAF47108 Gαs-PB   FBpp0072052   45.0   385   7.74     NP_477505   AAM68282 Gαs-PC   FBpp0072051   44.7   382   7.98     NP_726388   AAF47107 Gαs-PD   FBpp0290625   45.0   385   7.74     NP_001163283   ACZ94555
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • G-protein alpha subunit, group S (IPR000367) Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit (IPR001019) G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion (IPR011025) P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (IPR027417)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA141300   AA567913   AA942132   AE013599 AAF47107   AE013599 AAF47108   AE013599 AAM68282   AC004347   AC004642   AC005267   AE013599 ACZ94555   AI135664   AI293796   AI389508   AW942832   AY058572 AAL13801   BG636100   BI171060   BI171232   BI171500   BI228100   BI357129   BI357389   BI372445   BI482421   BI485954   BI566932   BI566997   BI577171   BI577178   BI578476   BI579348   BI579987   BI613718   BI614654   BI617266   BI637498   BP556178   CO152864   CO185118   CO185856   CO193800   CO265270   CO268666   CO276191   CO280539   CO288212   CO301113   CO307144   CO320706   CO321809   CZ482380   CZ482382   DN154193   EC062878   EC063973   EC068687   EC074320   EC077501   EC085425   EC197536   EC210713   EC217552   EC217967   EC224975   EC228642   EC231357   EC233543   EC235307   EC237413   EC244675   EC264477   GH953630   GH954162   GH984907   M23233 AAA28917   M33996   M33997 AAA28578   M33997 AAA28579   M33998 AAA28578   M33998 AAA28579
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P20354
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	E1JGV3
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References regulatory region FBsf0000161275 2R:19,830,059..19,830,066 evidence=experimental comment=DNA replication-related element (DRE)(TATCGATA) acts as a promoter activating element for the mus209 and DNApol-α180 genes. (Matsukage et al., 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000161276 2R:19,830,284..19,830,290 comment=downstream basal promoter element evidence=experimental (Burke and Kadonaga, 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   anterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) somatic muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as muscle system primordium visceral muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as muscle system primordium trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   dorsal pharyngeal muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic hindgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval midgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) adult stage   adult brain cortex   (Quan et al., 1989) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- pupal stage     (Wolfgang et al., 1991) adult stage   eye   (Quan et al., 1989)   (Quan et al., 1989) adult head   (Quan et al., 1989) RT-PCR Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   adult head   (Boto et al., 2010) third segment of antenna   (Boto et al., 2010) maxillary palpus   (Boto et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
	G-sα60A transcript of 1.9 kb appears in 2-6 hr embryos, and persists at constant levels through embryonic, larval and pupal stages. (Wolfgang et al., 1991) G-sα60A transcript is detected predominantly in the adult head. In adult head sections, G-sα60A transcript localizes to the cortex of the brain, and to the eye. (Quan et al., 1989) RT-PCR analysis shows that G-sα60A transcripts are expressed in the adult head, third segment of the antenna and maxillary palps. The primers used are common to transcripts -RA, -RB and -RC of G-sα60A. (Boto et al., 2010) G-sα60A transcript of 1.9 kb appears in 2-6 hr embryos, and persists at constant levels through embryonic, larval and pupal stages. (Wolfgang et al., 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 9 -- 17   organism   (Wolfgang et al., 1991) embryonic stage 15 -- 16   neuropil   (Wolfgang et al., 2001) organism | faint   (Wolfgang et al., 2001) adult stage   adult antennal nerve | restricted   (Wolfgang et al., 1990) adult brain cortex   (Wolfgang et al., 1990) gustatory receptor neuron of labellar taste bristle | restricted   (Ueno et al., 2006) gustatory receptor neuron of leg taste bristle | restricted   (Ueno et al., 2006) neuron | subset of third segment of antenna   (Boto et al., 2010) olfactory sensory organ | basal   (Boto et al., 2010) adult stage & oogenesis   follicle cell   (Wolfgang et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	G-sα60A protein is associated with all cell membranes by germ band extension. (Wolfgang et al., 1990, Wolfgang et al., 1991) G-sα60A protein is expressed in the neurons and at the base of the olfactory sensilla of the third segment of the antenna. It co-localises with G-iα65A protein. (Boto et al., 2010) G-sα60A protein is detected in the cortex of follicle cells during oogenesis. Undetectable early in embryogenesis, it is detected after gastrulation, and is associated with all cell membranes by germ band extension. (Wolfgang et al., 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
basement membrane inferred from direct assay (Wolfgang et al., 1990) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Wolfgang et al., 1991, Khanna et al., 2010, Wolfgang et al., 1990)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult fat body, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1055.025 Larval Midgut    562.5 Larval Hindgut    1016 Larval Malpighian Tubules    815.1 Larval Fat Body    580.8 Larval Salivary Gland    843 Larval Trachea    1488.5 Larval Carcass    1332.925 Adult Head    707 Adult Eye    737.4 Adult Brain    1451 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1314.4 Adult Crop    1222.2 Adult Midgut    589.2 Adult Hindgut    897.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland    846.8 Adult Heart    660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1270.9 Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1055.025) Larval Midgut  (562.5) Larval Hindgut  (1016) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (815.1) Larval Fat Body  (580.8) Larval Salivary Gland  (843) Larval Trachea  (1488.5) Larval Carcass  (1332.925) Adult Head  (707) Adult Eye  (737.4) Adult Brain  (1451) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1314.4) Adult Crop  (1222.2) Adult Midgut  (589.2) Adult Hindgut  (897.8) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (727.3) Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland  (846.8) Adult Heart  (660.8) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1270.9) Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  1055.025 Larval Midgut    562.5 Larval Hindgut  1016 Larval Malpighian Tubules    815.1 Larval Fat Body    580.8 Larval Salivary Gland    843 Larval Trachea  (1488.5) Larval Carcass  (1332.925) Adult Head    707 Adult Eye    737.4 Adult Brain  (1451) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1314.4) Adult Crop  (1222.2) Adult Midgut    589.2 Adult Hindgut    897.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland    846.8 Adult Heart    660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1270.9) Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1055.025 Larval Midgut    562.5 Larval Hindgut    1016 Larval Malpighian Tubules    815.1 Larval Fat Body    580.8 Larval Salivary Gland    843 Larval Trachea    1488.5 Larval Carcass    1332.925 Adult Head    707 Adult Eye    737.4 Adult Brain    1451 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1314.4 Adult Crop    1222.2 Adult Midgut    589.2 Adult Hindgut    897.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland    846.8 Adult Heart    660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1270.9 Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1055.025 Larval Midgut    562.5 Larval Hindgut    1016 Larval Malpighian Tubules    815.1 Larval Fat Body    580.8 Larval Salivary Gland    843 Larval Trachea    1488.5 Larval Carcass    1332.925 Adult Head    707 Adult Eye    737.4 Adult Brain    1451 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1314.4 Adult Crop    1222.2 Adult Midgut    589.2 Adult Hindgut    897.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland    846.8 Adult Heart    660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1270.9 Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1055.025) Larval Midgut  562.5 Larval Hindgut  (1016) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (815.1) Larval Fat Body  580.8 Larval Salivary Gland  (843) Larval Trachea  (1488.5) Larval Carcass  (1332.925) Adult Head  707 Adult Eye  737.4 Adult Brain  (1451) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1314.4) Adult Crop  (1222.2) Adult Midgut  589.2 Adult Hindgut  (897.8) Adult Malpighian Tubules  727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland  (846.8) Adult Heart  660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1270.9) Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  1055.025 Larval Midgut    562.5 Larval Hindgut  1016 Larval Malpighian Tubules    815.1 Larval Fat Body    580.8 Larval Salivary Gland    843 Larval Trachea  1488.5 Larval Carcass  1332.925 Adult Head    707 Adult Eye    737.4 Adult Brain  1451 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1314.4 Adult Crop  1222.2 Adult Midgut    589.2 Adult Hindgut    897.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland    846.8 Adult Heart    660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland  1270.9 Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1055.025 Larval Midgut    562.5 Larval Hindgut    1016 Larval Malpighian Tubules    815.1 Larval Fat Body    580.8 Larval Salivary Gland    843 Larval Trachea    1488.5 Larval Carcass    1332.925 Adult Head    707 Adult Eye    737.4 Adult Brain    1451 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1314.4 Adult Crop    1222.2 Adult Midgut    589.2 Adult Hindgut    897.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    727.3 Adult Fat Body    399.1 Adult Salivary Gland    846.8 Adult Heart    660.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    448 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463 Adult Ovary    78.8 Adult Testis    84 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1270.9 Adult Carcass    433.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    707   NA  Eye    737.4   NA  Brain    1451   1055.025  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1314.4   NA  Crop    1222.2   562.5  Midgut    589.2   1016  Hindgut    897.8   815.1  Malpighian Tubules    727.3   580.8  Fat Body    399.1   843  Salivary Gland    846.8   NA  Heart    660.8   1488.5  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    448   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    463   NA  Ovary    78.8   NA  Testis    84   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1270.9   1332.925  Carcass    433.4 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    42 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    76 head, virgin 1-day female    31 head, virgin 4-day female    28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    40 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae    41 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    48 carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (42) central nervous system, larvae L3  (54) central nervous system, pupae P8  (76) head, virgin 1-day female  (31) head, virgin 4-day female  (28) head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male  (39) head, mated 4-day male  (40) head, mated 20-day male  (34) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae  (41) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (33) digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8  (28) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (48) carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    42 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    76 head, virgin 1-day female    31 head, virgin 4-day female    28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    40 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae    41 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    48 carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    42 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    76 head, virgin 1-day female    31 head, virgin 4-day female    28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    40 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae    41 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    48 carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    42 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    76 head, virgin 1-day female    31 head, virgin 4-day female    28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    40 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae    41 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    48 carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (42) central nervous system, larvae L3  (54) central nervous system, pupae P8  (76) head, virgin 1-day female  31 head, virgin 4-day female  28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male  (39) head, mated 4-day male  (40) head, mated 20-day male  (34) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae  (41) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (33) digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8  28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (48) carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    42 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    76 head, virgin 1-day female    31 head, virgin 4-day female    28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    40 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae    41 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    48 carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    42 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    76 head, virgin 1-day female    31 head, virgin 4-day female    28 head, virgin 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    24 head, mated 20-day female    21 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    40 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    12 salivary gland, white prepupae    41 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    16 digestive system, 4-day adult    16 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    24 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    48 carcass, 1-day adult    15 carcass, 4-day adult    16 carcass, 20-day adult    17 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    11 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    19 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr    57 embryo 06-08hr    50 embryo 08-10hr    54 embryo 10-12hr    43 embryo 12-14hr    71 embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr    37 embryo 18-20hr    34 embryo 20-22hr    29 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    25 larva L2    31 larva L3 12hr old    26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    37 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    53 white prepupae new    53 white prepupae 12hr    49 white prepupae 24hr    55 pupae 2d postWPP    49 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr  (57) embryo 06-08hr  (50) embryo 08-10hr  (54) embryo 10-12hr  (43) embryo 12-14hr  (71) embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr  (37) embryo 18-20hr  (34) embryo 20-22hr  (29) embryo 22-24hr  (41) larva L1    25 larva L2  (31) larva L3 12hr old  26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (29) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (37) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (53) white prepupae new  (53) white prepupae 12hr  (49) white prepupae 24hr  (55) pupae 2d postWPP  (49) pupae 3d postWPP  (33) pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr    57 embryo 06-08hr    50 embryo 08-10hr    54 embryo 10-12hr    43 embryo 12-14hr    71 embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr    37 embryo 18-20hr    34 embryo 20-22hr    29 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    25 larva L2    31 larva L3 12hr old    26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    37 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    53 white prepupae new    53 white prepupae 12hr    49 white prepupae 24hr    55 pupae 2d postWPP    49 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr    57 embryo 06-08hr    50 embryo 08-10hr    54 embryo 10-12hr    43 embryo 12-14hr    71 embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr    37 embryo 18-20hr    34 embryo 20-22hr    29 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    25 larva L2    31 larva L3 12hr old    26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    37 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    53 white prepupae new    53 white prepupae 12hr    49 white prepupae 24hr    55 pupae 2d postWPP    49 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr    57 embryo 06-08hr    50 embryo 08-10hr    54 embryo 10-12hr    43 embryo 12-14hr    71 embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr    37 embryo 18-20hr    34 embryo 20-22hr    29 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    25 larva L2    31 larva L3 12hr old    26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    37 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    53 white prepupae new    53 white prepupae 12hr    49 white prepupae 24hr    55 pupae 2d postWPP    49 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr  (57) embryo 06-08hr  (50) embryo 08-10hr  (54) embryo 10-12hr  (43) embryo 12-14hr  (71) embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr  (37) embryo 18-20hr  (34) embryo 20-22hr  29 embryo 22-24hr  (41) larva L1    25 larva L2  31 larva L3 12hr old  26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (37) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (53) white prepupae new  (53) white prepupae 12hr  (49) white prepupae 24hr  (55) pupae 2d postWPP  (49) pupae 3d postWPP  (33) pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr    57 embryo 06-08hr    50 embryo 08-10hr    54 embryo 10-12hr    43 embryo 12-14hr    71 embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr    37 embryo 18-20hr    34 embryo 20-22hr    29 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    25 larva L2    31 larva L3 12hr old    26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    37 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    53 white prepupae new    53 white prepupae 12hr    49 white prepupae 24hr    55 pupae 2d postWPP    49 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    22 embryo 04-06hr    57 embryo 06-08hr    50 embryo 08-10hr    54 embryo 10-12hr    43 embryo 12-14hr    71 embryo 14-16hr    24 embryo 16-18hr    37 embryo 18-20hr    34 embryo 20-22hr    29 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    25 larva L2    31 larva L3 12hr old    26 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    29 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    37 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    53 white prepupae new    53 white prepupae 12hr    49 white prepupae 24hr    55 pupae 2d postWPP    49 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    20 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    35 embryonic GM2    45 embryonic Kc167    43 embryonic S1    57 embryonic S3    63 leg disc CME L1    33 wing disc CME-W2    47 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    62 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    33 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    48 ovary fGS/OSS    30 ovary OSC    39 ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (68) Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H  (35) embryonic GM2  (45) embryonic Kc167  (43) embryonic S1  (57) embryonic S3  (63) leg disc CME L1  (33) wing disc CME-W2  (47) wing disc ML-DmD8  (48) wing disc ML-DmD9  (34) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (33) wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (62) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (27) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (31) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (33) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (29) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (48) ovary fGS/OSS  (30) ovary OSC  (39) ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    35 embryonic GM2    45 embryonic Kc167    43 embryonic S1    57 embryonic S3    63 leg disc CME L1    33 wing disc CME-W2    47 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    62 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    33 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    48 ovary fGS/OSS    30 ovary OSC    39 ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    35 embryonic GM2    45 embryonic Kc167    43 embryonic S1    57 embryonic S3    63 leg disc CME L1    33 wing disc CME-W2    47 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    62 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    33 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    48 ovary fGS/OSS    30 ovary OSC    39 ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    35 embryonic GM2    45 embryonic Kc167    43 embryonic S1    57 embryonic S3    63 leg disc CME L1    33 wing disc CME-W2    47 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    62 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    33 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    48 ovary fGS/OSS    30 ovary OSC    39 ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (68) Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H  (35) embryonic GM2  (45) embryonic Kc167  (43) embryonic S1  (57) embryonic S3  (63) leg disc CME L1  (33) wing disc CME-W2  (47) wing disc ML-DmD8  (48) wing disc ML-DmD9  (34) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (33) wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (62) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (33) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  29 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (48) ovary fGS/OSS  30 ovary OSC  (39) ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    35 embryonic GM2    45 embryonic Kc167    43 embryonic S1    57 embryonic S3    63 leg disc CME L1    33 wing disc CME-W2    47 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    62 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    33 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    48 ovary fGS/OSS    30 ovary OSC    39 ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    35 embryonic GM2    45 embryonic Kc167    43 embryonic S1    57 embryonic S3    63 leg disc CME L1    33 wing disc CME-W2    47 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    22 wing disc ML-DmD32    19 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    62 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    27 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    31 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    33 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    48 ovary fGS/OSS    30 ovary OSC    39 ovary OSS    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    52 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (27) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (52) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (29) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (31) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (36) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (33) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    52 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    52 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    52 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (52) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (36) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (33) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    52 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    12 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    27 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    52 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    29 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    31 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD26182 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001123 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2835-RC FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Gαs Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive GαsB19 GαsR19 GαsR33 GαsR60 GαsR65 GαsR67 GαsR79 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 GαsGD8547 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective | recessive GαsB19 circadian rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4P0.5.Pdf GαsdsRNA.Scer\UAS GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS GαsScer\UAS.cCa decreased cell death | somatic clone GαsR60 developmental rate defective | recessive GαsB19 hypoactive | larval stage | recessive GαsB19 increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS learning defective, with Scer\GAL4238Y GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS learning defective, with Scer\GAL4c309 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS learning defective, with Scer\GAL4c747 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS learning defective, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | larval stage | recessive GαsB19 memory defective, with Scer\GAL4c205 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective GαsB19 neurophysiology defective | recessive GαsR60 smell perception defective GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS smell perception defective, with Scer\GAL4c309 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS smell perception defective, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | somatic clone GαsR60 taste perception defective GαsdsRNA.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL430A GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4OK10 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective GαsL215Q.ninaE wild-type Gαs+t10 GαsP1 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult olfactory receptor neuron Or22 | somatic clone GαsR60 bouton GαsB19 bouton (with Df(2R)or-BR11) GαsB19 embryonic/larval fat body GαsB19 gustatory receptor neuron GαsdsRNA.Scer\UAS labellar taste bristle, with Scer\GAL4Gr5a.PU GαsScer\UAS.cCa large labellar taste bristle GαsdsRNA.Scer\UAS large labellar taste bristle, with Scer\GAL4Gr5a.PU GαsScer\UAS.cCa photoreceptor cell GαsL215Q.ninaE posterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4OK10 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS posterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 GαsGD8547 pupa GαsB19 scutellum, with Scer\GAL4OK10 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS sensory neuron & labellar taste bristle GαsdsRNA.Scer\UAS synapse GαsB19 wing, with Scer\GAL430A GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 GαsGD8547 wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4OK10 GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS wing | pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS wing | somatic clone GαsR60
Classical Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Gαs Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion GαsSH0782 2 -- GαsB19 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Gαse04617 piggyBac transposase 1 -- GαsR60 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Gαse04616 piggyBac transposase 0 -- GαsP1 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes GαsR19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes GαsR33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- GαsR65 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- GαsR67 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- GαsR79 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Gαs Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion GαsGD8547 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes GαsQ215L.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 2 Yes GαsScer\UAS.cCa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes GαsJF03255 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes GαsKK107742 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Gαs+t10 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes GαsdsRNA.cGa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes GαsdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes GαsL215Q.ninaE in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes GαsNIG.2835R in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Gαspept.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes GαsScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes GαsScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes GαstH3 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes GαsVDRC.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes GαsW24.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Exel6080 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)or-BR11 (Wolfgang et al., 2001)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}GαsSH0782 No miscellaneous insertions P{}GαsP1 NA PBac{RB}Gαse04616 NA PBac{RB}Gαse04617 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 24 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chaeta development inferred from genetic interaction with Chi (Bronstein et al., 2010) inferred from mutant phenotype (Bronstein et al., 2010) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Wolfgang et al., 1996) neuromuscular junction development inferred from mutant phenotype (Wolfgang et al., 2004) response to trehalose stimulus inferred from mutant phenotype (Ueno et al., 2006) sensory perception of sweet taste inferred from mutant phenotype (Ueno et al., 2006) synaptic transmission inferred from mutant phenotype (Hou et al., 2003) wing disc development inferred from genetic interaction with Bx (Bronstein et al., 2010) inferred from mutant phenotype (Bronstein et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
basement membrane inferred from direct assay (Wolfgang et al., 1990) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Wolfgang et al., 1991, Khanna et al., 2010, Wolfgang et al., 1990)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 15 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) G-protein coupled receptor binding inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) GTPase activity inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O16118 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.2.1) GTP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000367 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) signal transducer activity inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
activation of adenylate cyclase activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.2.1) adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026754 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) behavioral response to cocaine non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O16118 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.2.1) GTP catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000367 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) instar larval or pupal development non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) learning or memory non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) visual behavior non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) heterotrimeric G-protein complex inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O16118 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.2.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Gαs - Arpc1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Arpc3A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - BCAS2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG12343 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG15220 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG15735 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG17454 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG31694 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG3689 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG4169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG42724 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG5642 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG7033 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG8545 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - CG9253 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Cat anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Cct5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Imp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - P32 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - RpL35A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Rpt6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - Srp54 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - bor anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - cathD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - coil anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - cta anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - mRpL52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - pit anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - pont anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - ppan anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Gαs - ref(2)P anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Gαs allele Gene References G-sα60AB19 eag (Wolfgang et al., 2004) G-sα60AQ215L.Scer\UAS Cul-3 (Mistry et al., 2004) unspecified Cul-3 (Mistry, 1997)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63395 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001123 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001123 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37805
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (47) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6TB4X8 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6CVGGH Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6T76ZX Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6F7M1K Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG679T1R
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6TB4X8)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Gαs     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD11812 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16066 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG22906 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE14344 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF12878 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15477 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL11181 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK15719 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ21886 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI18851 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH21696 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6CVGGH)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL003989   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\G-s-alpha-60A   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ006458
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6T76ZX)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC411011   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG010676   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH15895   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP10970   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP10967   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18043   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18042   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL15362   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL15363   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26148   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24270   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14872   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI000476   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA004269   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA004344   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM550760   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC009298   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC009299
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6F7M1K)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Nme1   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW019433
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG679T1R)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\gsa-1   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007485gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000075850   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\gnal   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\gnas   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\gnas   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\gnal   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\GNAL   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\GNAS   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Gnal   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Gnal   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\GNAL
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\GNAL
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD11812 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16066 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG22906 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE14344 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF12878 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15477 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL11181 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK15719 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ21886 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI18851 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH21696
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 13 )
Bloomington	6489 w*; P{UAS-G-sα60A.C}9 6490 w*; P{UAS-G-sα60A.Q215L}16/TM3 29576 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03255}attP2 6339 P{neoFRT}42D bw1 GαsB19/SM6b, P{eve-lacZ8.0}SB1 6340 P{neoFRT}42D bw1 GαsR60/SM6b, P{eve-lacZ8.0}SB1
Harvard	- PBac{RB}Gαse04617
Kyoto	108804 w*; P{UAS-G-sα60A.C}9 122085 w*; P{lacW}GαsSH0782 108805 w*; P{UAS-G-sα60A.Q215L}16/TM3
VDRC	v105485 P{KK107742}VIE-260B v24958 w1118; P{GD8547}v24958 v24959 w1118; P{GD8547}v24959/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR28M05 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 64 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD26182
Other clones	DPiM_LD26182
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH13496 GH20707 HL01984 LP07021 RE12729 RE12953 RE13289 RE25535 RE43514 RE43860 RE59406 RE65114 RE69318 RE70820 RE70828 RE72351 RE73367 RE74103 RH36738 RH36819 RH42938 RH44089 RH47540 SD13692 SD19536
Other clones	32503 35430 40508 54425 59631 59825 66888 76622 84187 117657 148140 475290 CK01.12A.F3 CK01.20D.E5 CK01.36C.E10 CK01.108A.F12 CK01.115A.C8 CK01.146A.F5 CK01529 EC29386 EC36824 EK013422 EK068001 EK092254 EK119923 EK142063 EK154311 EK180124 EK186433 EK194764 EK253728 EK287301 EN00623 FGM301H01 RP004118647 RP004126332 RP004517245
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001123 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37805
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Wolfgang et al., 1990)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: G-sα60A CG2835 (Wang, 1999.11) Source for identity of: Gαs G-sα60A (FlyBase, 2009-)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	FlyBase curator comment: Genes encoding Gα subunits that have been named for their molecular function/orthology have had their symbols and names standardized following the format used in FBrf0220456, which also reflects popular usage in the Drosophila literature. (FlyBase, 2009-)
Other Comments
	G-salpha60A signaling mediates odor identity discrimination in conditioned flies. (Xia and Tully, 2007) One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders. (Inlow and Restifo, 2004) G-sα60A is necessary for the death and resorption of wing blade cells after eclosion. (Kimura et al., 2004) G-sα60A is required for growth and function of neuromuscular synapses. (Wolfgang et al., 2004) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers against this gene tested in a cl-8 cell reporter assay to examine any role of G-sα60A in the hh signalling pathway. (Lum, 2003) One of a class of genes with TATA-less promoters that have the conserved DPE sequence. (Burke and Kadonaga, 1996) Olfactory learning depends on regulated Gs signalling in mushroom bodies. (Connolly et al., 1996) Genetic studies indicate that the G-sα60A pathway mediates its primary effects by a novel pathway in differentiating wing epithelial cells. (Wolfgang et al., 1996) Dominant adult phenotypes can be caused by the overexpression of activated Gα proteins. (Mistry et al., 1995) G proteins belong to a family of membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that couple specific receptors for extracellular signals to specific intracellular effectors, thus regulating the activity of these effectors. When not interacting with the receptor, G proteins are usually in the form of a heterotrimer made up of α, β and γ subunits, with the α subunit bound to GDP. Upon activation by the receptor, the α subunit exchanges GDP for GTP, dissociates from the β-γ subunits and interacts with the effector. Afterwards GTP is hydrolyzed and the heterotrimer of α, β and γ subunits is formed again. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Identification: Isolated from a cDNA library using a bovine Gsα cDNA fragment as a probe. (Quan et al., 1989) Encodes a stimulatory G protein α subunit with high homology to mammalian Gsα that is responsible for the coupling of extracellular receptors to adenylate cyclase and an increase in the second messenger cAMP. (Quan et al., 1989)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_058157 NM_058158 NM_166640 NM_001169812 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477505 NP_477506 NP_726388 NP_001163283 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA942132 AAA28578 AAA28579 AAA28917 AAF47107 AAF47108 AAL13801 AAM68282 AC004347 AC004642 AC005267 ACZ94555 AW942832 AY058572 CZ482380 CZ482382 M23233 M33996 M33997 M33998 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37805 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P20354 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • E1JGV3
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • G-protein alpha subunit, group S (IPR000367) Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit (IPR001019) G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion (IPR011025) P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (IPR027417) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD26182
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63395 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001123 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001123 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001123 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001123 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2835-RC FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001123 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37805 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/gprtsal1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37805 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001123
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 30 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG2835 (Boto et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Khanna et al., 2010, Bronstein et al., 2010, Colicelli, 2004) dGαs (Xia and Tully, 2006) dgs (Hou et al., 2003, Wolfgang et al., 2004, Wolfgang et al., 2003, Wolfgang et al., 2001, Davis and Lineruth, 1994, Renden and Broadie, 2003, Chen and Ganetzky, 2012) DGs (Ueno and Kidokoro, 2007) dgsα (Buchner, 1991) DGsα (Ueno et al., 2006, Ueno and Kidokoro, 2008) G-5α (Parrish et al., 2009) Gs (Boto et al., 2010) Gsα (Chyb et al., 1999, Quan et al., 1991, Quan et al., 1989) GSα (Wolfgang et al., 1996) Gs-α-60A (Moon et al., 2011) Gαs (Xia and Tully, 2007) Galpha60A (Lum, 2003) Gs (Wolfgang et al., 1999, Tully et al., 1996, Wolfgang et al., 1991, Wolfgang and Forte, 1995, Boto et al., 2007, Guo et al., 2011, Boto et al., 2010, Dahdal et al., 2010) Gs-alpha (Bronstein et al., 2010) Gs-alpha60A (Bhattacharya et al., 2004) G-salpha60A (Giot et al., 2003, Bakal et al., 2007, Beltran et al., 2007, Bronstein et al., 2010) GSα (Waddell and Quinn, 2001) Gsα (Horgan et al., 1995, Wolfgang et al., 1991, Quan and Forte, 1990, Wolfgang et al., 1990, Dolezelova et al., 2007, Bredendiek et al., 2011) Gsα60A (Girard et al., 2006, Parrish et al., 2009, Duvall and Taghert, 2012) G-sα60A (Blow et al., 2005, Ogden et al., 2008, Dahdal et al., 2010) G-α-60A   Gα60A   Gαs (Liu et al., 2006, Mistry et al., 2004, Akalal et al., 2004, Li et al., 2000, Heisenberg, 1997, Connolly et al., 1996, Dubnau et al., 2003, Ogden et al., 2008, Heisenberg, 2003, Hannan et al., 2006, Yao and Carlson, 2010, Cheng et al., 2012) GαS (Li et al., 1999, Dubnau et al., 2003, Aravamudan and Broadie, 2003, Renden and Broadie, 2003) Gαs (Belvin and Yin, 1997, Roberts et al., 1995, Dubnau et al., 2003, Seugnet et al., 2008, Katanayeva et al., 2010, Deng et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	G-alpha s (Mistry, 1997) G protein sα 60A (Khanna et al., 2010) G protein α s subunit   stimulatory alpha subunit of G protein (Dubnau et al., 2003)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 105 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 105 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 47 ) Supplementary material  ( 10 ) Review  ( 10 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 11 ) Abstract  ( 15 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 8 )
	Chen and Ganetzky, 2012, J. Cell Biol. 196(4): 529--543 A neuropeptide signaling pathway regulates synaptic growth in Drosophila. [FBrf0217500] Cheng et al., 2012, Development 139(1): 85--94 Drosophila G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 regulates cAMP-dependent Hedgehog signaling. [FBrf0216860] Choi et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(2): 332--344 Autoreceptor Control of Peptide/Neurotransmitter Corelease from PDF Neurons Determines Allocation of Circadian Activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0219328] Duvall and Taghert, 2012, PLoS Biol. 10(6): e1001337 The Circadian Neuropeptide PDF Signals Preferentially through a Specific Adenylate Cyclase Isoform AC3 in M Pacemakers of Drosophila. [FBrf0218594] Bredendiek et al., 2011, Chem. Senses 36(1): 69--81 Go α is involved in sugar perception in Drosophila. [FBrf0212580] Deng et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18605 The Stimulatory Gα(s) Protein Is Involved in Olfactory Signal Transduction in Drosophila. [FBrf0213437] Guo et al., 2011, Sleep (Rochester) 34(3): 273--281 Go signaling in mushroom bodies regulates sleep in Drosophila. [FBrf0213134] Moon et al., 2011, Development 138(17): 3835--3845 The THO complex is required for nucleolar integrity in Drosophila spermatocytes. [FBrf0214600] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...