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Gene Dmel\grk

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\grk	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	gurken	Annotation symbol	CG17610
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001137
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-30
Cytogenetic map	29C4-29C4	Sequence location	2L:8,431,086..8,433,598 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene gurken is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\grk (CG17610, FBgn0001137). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: gurken receptor binding; epidermal growth factor receptor binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded; establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification; oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization; border follicle cell migration; chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation. 85 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; anatomical structure; acellular anatomical structure; adult segment; organ system subdivision; portion of tissue; thoracic segment; epithelial cell; epithelial furrow; cell part. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: EGF-like, conserved site; Epidermal growth factor-like domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, adult hindgut, adult heart, adult ovary, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1627656_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of grk. Gene sequence location is 2L:8431086..8433598.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	grk: gurken Maternal-effect lethal. Wild-type allele required for normal dorsoventral pattern in the egg. In mutants, the ventral regions of the chorion and the embryo are expanded at the expense of the dorsal regions. The pattern of the chorion is altered, a second micropyle and a small patch of operculum-like material often forming at the posterior pole in extremely mutant eggs; fewer cells contribute to the dorsal appendage, which is usually shifted posteriorly, but more follicle cells contribute to the main body of the chorion. In the embryo the major increase in cell mass occurs in the mesoderm as an invagination on the ventral side during early gastrulation. Analysis of mosaic females in which germ cells and sister nurse cells are of different genotype indicate that grk mutations act only in the germ line.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 29C4-29C4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k03706k03706&P{lacW}Acerk07704 and P{PZ}lmg03424
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 29D-29E     (Thio, 2000.1.11)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-30
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\grk for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.39 Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) grk-RA FBtr0079708  NM_057220   1718   295
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.9 (northern blot) (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein grk-PA   FBpp0079313   33.3   295   5.46     NP_476568   AAF52675
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	294 (aa); 33 (kD) (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) 46 (kD observed) (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Epidermal growth factor-like domain (IPR000742) EGF-like, conserved site (IPR013032)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA951623   AE014134 AAF52675   AC092234   AF223394 AAF72000   AI542225   AW943125   AY051814 AAK93238   BI165427   BI169313   CZ466148   CZ489834   CZ489835   EC089571   EC253734   EC254954   L22531 AAA28598
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P42287
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stageoogenesis stage S1 -- S7   nurse cell   (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) oogenesis stage S9 -- S14   oocyte | anterior & dorsal   (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | female   stage S9 oocyte | anterior & dorsal   (Macdougall et al., 2003) stage S8 oocyte | anterior   (Macdougall et al., 2003)   stage S8 oocyte | anterior   (Brendza et al., 2002) stage S6 oocyte | posterior   (Brendza et al., 2002) stage S9 oocyte & stage S10 oocyte | anterior & dorsal   (Brendza et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data
	grk transcripts are first detected in region 2B of the germarium. In oogenesis stages S1-S7, transcripts are predominantly found in a crescent lining the posterior end of the oocyte. During oogenesis stages S8 and S9, transcripts become localized to the dorsal-anterior corner of the oocyte nucleus. In fs(1)K10, sqd, spir, and capu mutants, grk transcripts are no longer restricted to the dorsal side of the oocyte at later stages of oogenesis but are also abundant along the anterior margin of the oocyte. In Egfr and cni mutants, the grk transcript distribution is unaffected. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Transcripts are undetectable by northern blots in grk2B6 mutant RNA or by in situ in mutant egg chambers. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Transcript as detected by in situ hybridization and injection of labeled grk RNA into cultured oocytes show that at stage 8 grk transcript is localized in an anterior ring and by stage 9 the transcript has been concentrated in the dorsoanterior region of the oocyte. A less enriched concentration of grk transcript can be detected in the ventral anterior region of the oocyte. Videomicroscopy showed that this localization occurs in a 2 step process in which the transcript first moves anteriorly and then is concentrated dorsally. (Macdougall et al., 2003) grk transcripts are detected at very low levels on northern blots in grk2, grk3, and grk4 mutants. No transcripts are detected in egg chambers of these mutants. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Transcripts are undetectable in grkHF mutant egg chambers. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Transcript is localized in the posterior of stage 6 oocytes and relocalizes to the anterior of stage 8 oocytes. Further refinement of transcript localization to the anterodorsal corner of the oocyte is observed in stage 9-10 oocytes. (Brendza et al., 2002)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference   stage S10 oocyte | anterior & dorsal   (Brendza et al., 2002) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage & oogenesis   germarium region 2b   (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996) ovary   (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996) adult stageoogenesis stage S1 -- S7   oocyte   (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996) adult stageoogenesis stage S8 -- S14   oocyte | restricted   (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Protein is detected in the anterodorsal corner of stage 10 oocytes. (Brendza et al., 2002) grk protein is detected starting in early oogenesis, in germarium region 2b. Like grk transcript, grk protein localizes to the oocyte in early egg chambers, and starting at stage S8, becomes localized to the future dorsal cortex of the oocyte. At stage S10-S12, the grk protein localization differs from grk transcript localization. grk protein forms an elongated anterior-posterior stripe over about half the length of the oocyte\'s dorsal midline. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, adult hindgut, adult heart, adult ovary, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.55 Larval Midgut    20.7 Larval Hindgut    96.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22 Larval Fat Body    15.5 Larval Salivary Gland    14.3 Larval Trachea    9.975 Larval Carcass    273.625 Adult Head    86.2 Adult Eye    10.975 Adult Brain    6.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4 Adult Crop    328.7 Adult Midgut    19.3 Adult Hindgut    169.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.8 Adult Fat Body    24.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.2 Adult Heart    237.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4 Adult Ovary    104.7 Adult Testis    16.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    62.5 Adult Carcass    179.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    86.2   NA  Eye    10.975   NA  Brain    6.3   16.55  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.4   NA  Crop    328.7   20.7  Midgut    19.3   96.5  Hindgut    169.2   22  Malpighian Tubules    5.8   15.5  Fat Body    24.6   14.3  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    237.825   9.975  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    44.4   NA  Ovary    104.7   NA  Testis    16.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    62.5   273.625  Carcass    179.9 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    26 carcass, 20-day adult    29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female    27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult  (27) carcass, 4-day adult  26 carcass, 20-day adult  (29) ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female  (27) testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    26 carcass, 20-day adult    29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female    27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    26 carcass, 20-day adult    29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female    27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    26 carcass, 20-day adult    29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female    27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult  27 carcass, 4-day adult  26 carcass, 20-day adult  29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female  27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    26 carcass, 20-day adult    29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female    27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    11 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    16 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    26 carcass, 20-day adult    29 ovary, virgin 4-day female    21 ovary, mated 4-day female    27 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP  (28) pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP  28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    15 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    7 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    6 embryo 10-12hr    6 embryo 12-14hr    8 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    4 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    28 pupae 4d postWPP    24 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    17 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    17 adult female 30day    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    54 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2    46 ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (54) Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3  (32) leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (46) ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    54 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2    46 ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    54 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2    46 ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    54 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2    46 ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (54) Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3  32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (46) ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    54 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2    46 ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    54 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    3 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    18 embryonic S1    22 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    6 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    3 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    6 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    9 tumorous blood cells mbn2    46 ovary fGS/OSS    9 ovary OSC    6 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    7 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_21
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001137 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG17610-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU grkGD128 grkGD2624 grkGD14376 lethal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E grkΔTC.Scer\UAS lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect grkED22 lethal | maternal effect grk3 lethal | maternal effect | recessive grk3 grk6 viable grkΔFRT viable, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT viable, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 grkGD128 grkGD2624 grkGD14376 Sterility Allele female sterile grk1 grk2 grk2E12 grk3 grk4 grk5 grk6 grk705 grkZ2-4088 grkΔFRT female sterile, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT female sterile, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut female sterile | recessive grk1 grk2 grk2B6 grk3 grk4 grk5 grk6 grkCT77 grkED11 grkED22 grkHF Other Phenotypes Allele visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grkScer\UAS.cGa grksec.Scer\UAS wild-type grk+t9 wild-type, with Scer\GAL4CY2 grkScer\UAS.cQa Phenotype manifest in Allele border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6 grkΔTC.Scer\UAS border follicle cell (with grk1) grk2B6 border follicle cell (with grk2B6) grk1 chorion grk3 grkΔFRT chorion, with Scer\GAL4CY2 grkΔTC.Scer\UAS grkScer\UAS.cGa grksec.Scer\UAS chorion, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 grkScer\UAS.P\T.T:Hsap\MYC chorion, with Scer\GAL4otu.PR grkScer\UAS.P\T.cGa grksec.Scer\UAS.P\T dorsal appendage grk3 grk6 grkΔFRT grk+t9 grk1 grk2 grk2E12 grk4 grk5 grkED22 grkHF dorsal appendage, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT dorsal appendage, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4CY2 grkΔTC.Scer\UAS grkScer\UAS.cGa grksec.Scer\UAS dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 grkΔ19AA.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Hsap\MYC dorsal appendage | cold sensitive grk2B6 grkHF dorsal appendage | embryonic stage 12 (with grk2B6) grk3 dorsal appendage | embryonic stage 12 (with grk3) grk2B6 dorsal appendage | maternal effect grk6 grkED22 egg grk3 grk6 grkΔFRT grk+t9 grk2E12 grkED22 grkHF egg, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT egg, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut egg chamber grk3 grk6 grkΔFRT egg chamber, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT egg chamber, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut egg operculum grk3 grk6 grk1 grk4 grk5 egg operculum, with Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 grkScer\UAS.cBa egg operculum (with grk2B6) grkHF egg operculum (with grkHF) grk2B6 embryo grk3 grk+t9 grk2B6 grk2E12 embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4CY2 grkScer\UAS.cGa grksec.Scer\UAS embryo | ventral grk3 grk6 grk1 grk2 grk4 grk5 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with grk2) grk6 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with grk6) grk2 female germline cyst grkΔFRT follicle cell grk3 grk6 micropyle grk2E12 grkHF microtubule & oocyte grk1 grk2B6 oocyte grkΔFRT oocyte, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT oocyte, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut oocyte & microtubule (with grk1) grk2B6 oocyte & microtubule (with grk2B6) grk1 oocyte | germline clone grk2B6 oocyte nucleus grkΔFRT oocyte nucleus, with grkGLS.mut grkΔFRT oocyte nucleus, with grkΔFRT grkGLS.mut ovary (with grk1) grk2B6 ovary (with grk2B6) grk1 pericentriolar material & oocyte | posterior grk2E12 ventral furrow grk3 grk6 grk1 grk2 grk4 grk5 ventral furrow | ectopic (with grk2) grk6 ventral furrow | ectopic (with grk6) grk2 ventral furrow | maternal effect grkED22 ventral furrow | supernumerary (with grk2) grk6 ventral furrow | supernumerary (with grk6) grk2 vitelline membrane grk+t9 wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grkScer\UAS.cGa wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E grkΔTC.Scer\UAS wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grksec.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grkScer\UAS.cGa wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4CY2 grkΔTC.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E grkΔTC.Scer\UAS wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E grkΔTC.Scer\UAS
Classical Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of grk Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion grk3 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes grkc00007 piggyBac transposase 2 -- grk6 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes grkf07069 piggyBac transposase 1 -- grkΔFRT amorphic allele - molecular evidence FLPase 0 Yes grk1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grk2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grk2B6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grk2E12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grk4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grk5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grk705 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grkCT77 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grkED11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grkED22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grkHF ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grkunspecified 0 -- grkZ2-4088 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 67 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of grk Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion grkGD128 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes grkGD14376 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes grkGD2624 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes grkGL00685 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes grkKK105496 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes grk+t14.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes grk+t9 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes grk126:155.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk174:203.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk204:233.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk234:263.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk264:293.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk294:324.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk3'.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grk3'UTR.Scer\UAS.P\T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct 0 Yes grk3'UTR in vitro construct 0 Yes grk36:65.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk5'UTR-ORF in vitro construct 0 Yes grk5'UTR in vitro construct 0 Yes grk66:95.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grk96:125.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grkAB.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkAct5C.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grkB.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkBC.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkcBa in vitro construct 0 -- grkFL in vitro construct 0 Yes grkfluor.cMa in vitro construct 0 Yes grkFLΔGLS in vitro construct 0 Yes grkG5-L-G3.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grkG5-L-g3U.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grkG5-L.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkG5ΔEGF-L.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkG5ΔNC-L.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkGLS.mut in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes grkGLS.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grkGLS in vitro construct 0 Yes grkhs.PT in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkmAUG.PT in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes grkNIG.17610R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkORF-3'UTR in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFa in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFb in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFc in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFd in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFe in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFf in vitro construct 0 Yes grkORFg in vitro construct 0 Yes grkScer\UAS.cBa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkScer\UAS.cQa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 -- grkScer\UAS.P\T.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkScer\UAS.P\T.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grksec.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grksec.Scer\UAS.P\T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grksec.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkstop.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes grkt5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes grkT:Arus\HRP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes grkαTub67C.PT in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grkΔ19AA.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkΔ3'.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grkΔ3'.Tub67C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkΔ36:347.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grkΔC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes grkΔTC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes grkΔTC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)BSC201 (Christensen and Cook, 2006.8.30) Df(2L)Exel8021 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)N22-14 (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Df(2L)TE29Aa-16 (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Df(2L)TE29Aa-41 (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)N22-5 (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Df(2L)TE29Aa-36 (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{G5-L} No P{G5-L-G3} No P{G5-L-g3U} No P{G5ΔEGF-L} No P{G5ΔNC-L} No P{grk-lacZ.3'} No P{grk-lacZ.36/65} No P{grk-lacZ.66/95} No P{grk-lacZ.96/125} No P{grk-lacZ.126/155} No P{grk-lacZ.174/203} No P{grk-lacZ.204/233} No P{grk-lacZ.234/263} No P{grk-lacZ.264/293} No P{grk-lacZ.294/324} No P{grk-lacZ.AB} No P{grk-lacZ.B} No P{grk-lacZ.BC} No P{grk-lacZ.pro} No P{grk-lacZ.stop} No P{grk-lacZ.Δ3'} No P{grk-lacZ.Δ36/347} No UAS construct P{GD128} NA P{GD2624} NA P{GD14376} NA P{KK105496} NA P{NIG.17610R} NA P{TRiP.GL00685} NA P{UAS-grk.G} NA P{UAS-grk.Q} NA P{UAS-grk.sec} NA P{UAS-grk.ΔTC} NA P{UAS-grk} NA P{UASp-grk.3'UTR} NA P{UASp-grk.G} NA P{UASp-grk.GLS.GFP} NA P{UASp-grk.myc} NA P{UASp-grk.sec} NA P{UASp-grk.Δ19AA.myc} NA heat-shock construct P{hsp83-grk} NA characterization construct P{grk.GLS.mut} NA P{grk.HRP} NA P{grk.mAUG} NA P{grk.ΔC} NA P{grk.ΔTC} NA P{grk+} NA P{grk+t14.1} NA P{grkt5} NA P{grk-CHOp24.intra} NA P{grk-cni.cyto} NA P{grk-yl.TMC} NA P{Tub67C-grk.T} NA P{Tub67C-grk.Δ3} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{PB}grkc00007 NA PBac{WH}grkf07069 NA roo{}grk2 NA roo{}grk3 NA roo{}grk4 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
border follicle cell migration inferred from genetic interaction with Cbl (Jekely et al., 2005) inferred from mutant phenotype (McDonald et al., 2006, Duchek and Rorth, 2001) chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991) establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Caceres and Nilson, 2005) maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded inferred from mutant phenotype (Schupbach, 1987) oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Januschke et al., 2006)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 17 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
epidermal growth factor receptor binding non-traceable author statement (Cooperstock and Lipshitz, 1997, van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999, Bogdan and Klaembt, 2001) traceable author statement (Shilo, 2003) gurken receptor binding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium non-traceable author statement (McNeill, 2000) traceable author statement (Denef and Schupbach, 2003) anterior/posterior pattern specification traceable author statement (Wylie, 1999) border follicle cell migration traceable author statement (Ribeiro et al., 2003) cell fate determination traceable author statement (van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999) cell fate specification traceable author statement (Castelli-Gair Hombria and Brown, 2002) dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium non-traceable author statement (Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002) traceable author statement (van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999, Dobens and Raftery, 2000) dorsal appendage formation non-traceable author statement (Dobens and Raftery, 2000) embryonic axis specification traceable author statement (Johnstone and Lasko, 2001) epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Bogdan and Klaembt, 2001, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002) gurken receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1) traceable author statement (Shilo, 2003) oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification non-traceable author statement (Martin-Blanco, 2000, Bogdan and Klaembt, 2001) traceable author statement (van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999, Mahowald, 2001, Cooperstock and Lipshitz, 1997, Farina and Singer, 2002) oocyte axis specification non-traceable author statement (Morris and Lehmann, 1999) traceable author statement (Johnstone and Lasko, 2001, Deng and Lin, 2001) oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification non-traceable author statement (Cooperstock and Lipshitz, 1997, Bogdan and Klaembt, 2001) traceable author statement (Martin-Blanco, 2000, Farina and Singer, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
endoplasmic reticulum traceable author statement (Johnstone and Lasko, 2001) extracellular region non-traceable author statement (Johnstone and Lasko, 2001)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
grk - 128up anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Arpc2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Arpc3A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Bap55 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG10306 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG11107 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG12493 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG1458 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG15098 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG17768 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG18178 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG2021 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG4169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG4858 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG5642 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG6617 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG6701 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG6724 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG7033 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG8258 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG8545 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - CG9947 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Cct5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Crc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Droj2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Eb1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - EfTuM anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - FK506-bp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Imp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Int6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Mtr3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Nop56 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - P32 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Pdi anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Pgam5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Prp3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Pvf2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Rap2l anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - RpL7-like anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - RpLP0 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - RpS21 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Rpb8 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Rrp40 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Rrp46 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Sec23 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - SmD2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - SmD3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - SmG anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Srp54 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Tango7 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Tcp-1ζ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Tcp-1η anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - Tom20 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - bor anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - cathD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - eIF3-S8 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - eIF6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - isoQC anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - kst anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - l(1)G0020 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - l(1)G0320 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpL13 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpL2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpL20 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpL42 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpL44 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpL52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mRpS28 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mTerf3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - me31B anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mod(mdg4) anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - mts anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - nito anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - nonA-l anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - nop5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - tws anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - tyf anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grk - α-Spec anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions grk allele Gene References grk2B6 CSN5 (Doronkin et al., 2002) grk2E12 Mer (MacDougall et al., 2001) grk3 cact (Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 2001) fs(1)K10 (Haenlin et al., 1995) Lis-1 (Lei and Warrior, 2000) Ras85D (Schnorr and Berg, 1996, Schnorr et al., 2001) grk6 cact (Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 2001) Lis-1 (Lei and Warrior, 2000) grk+t9 kek1 (Ghiglione et al., 1999) grkHF CSN5 (Doronkin et al., 2002) grkScer\UAS.cGa S (Ghiglione et al., 2002) stet (Ghiglione et al., 2002) grkScer\UAS.cQa S (Guichard et al., 2000) stet (Guichard et al., 2000) grkΔTC.Scer\UAS kek1 (Alvarado et al., 2004) unspecified BicD (Swan and Suter, 1996) capu (Manseau and Schupbach, 1989) Cbl (Jekely et al., 2005) lost (Lin et al., 2007) rho (Sapir et al., 1998) spir (Manseau and Schupbach, 1989)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60293 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001137 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001137 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34171 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P42287
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (13) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG60S11Z Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6HMX5Q
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG60S11Z)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\grk     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD22401 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM12935 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG23439 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE10983 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF21516     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF14375 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA25451 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL25799 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK18382 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ17997 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI17238 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH13486 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD22401 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM12935 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG23439 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE10983 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF14375 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA25451 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL25799 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK18382 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ17997 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI17238 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH13486
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	10002 w1118; PBac{PB}grkc00007/CyO 4713 grk3 cn1 bw1 sp1/CyO
Harvard	- PBac{PB}grkc00007 - PBac{WH}grkf07069
Kyoto	107841 grk3 cn1 bw1 sp1/CyO
VDRC	v101701 P{KK105496}VIE-260B v4331 w1118; P{GD128}v4331 v4332 w1118; P{GD128}v4332 v3121 w1118; P{GD2624}v3121 v3122 w1118; P{GD2624}v3122 v36250 w1118; P{GD14376}v36250 v36251 w1118; P{GD14376}v36251
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR02I15 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 8 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD32255
Other clones	DPiM_LD32255
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE05327 RE10450 SD08381
Other clones	164434 214373.5 214511.5
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001137 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34171
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Roth et al., 1995, Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	grk RNA is transported as particles from nurse cells to the oocyte by a Dhc64C/BicD dependent mechanism distinct from the general flow of cytoplasm from nurse cell to oocyte. (Clark et al., 2007) cni is required for the transport of grk to the oocyte plasma membrane. (Bokel et al., 2006) Production of grk in the nurse cells is sufficient for axis determination in the Drosophila oocyte. (Caceres and Nilson, 2005) In oocytes, grk RNA assembles into particles that move in two distinct steps, both requiring microtubules and Dhc64C. (Macdougall et al., 2003) Different dorsal follicle cell fates are not determined by a grk morphogen gradient. They are specified by secondary signal amplification and refinement processes that integrate the grk signal with positive and negative feedback mechanisms generated by target genes of the Egfr pathway. (Peri et al., 1999) The secretion of grk requires its transmembrane region, but is not necessary for its biological activity. (Queenan et al., 1999) Posterior localisation of grk mRNA in the early oocyte is essential for proper A/P axis formation. (Clegg et al., 1997) Post-transcriptional regulation of grk by enc is required for axis determination in Drosophila. (Hawkins et al., 1997) grk plays a role in the development of follicular epithelium by cooperating with brn for the Egfr-dependent migration of the prefollicular cels around each nurse cell-oocyte complex. brn may help provide specificity to and/or facilitate the multiplicity of grk-Egfr functions during oogenesis. (Goode et al., 1996) The distribution pattern of grk protein in wild-type ovaries and in ovaries from a number of dorsal ventral patterning mutants is analysed. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996) BicD is not required for grk localisation to the periphery of the oocyte nucleus. (Swan and Suter, 1996) grk and sax function control dpp expression in the posterior follicular epithelium during oogenesis. (Twombly et al., 1996) grk is required for the induction of both posterior and dorsal follicle cell fates. (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1995) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs are being used to identify which fragment of the grk cDNA is required for correct grk localisation. (Thio and Schupbach, 1995) Mutations in grk cause a ventralized phenotype in egg and embryo. Changing grk dosage in otherwise wild type ovaries is sufficicent to alter the number of somatic follicle cells directed to the dorsal fate. The grk-Egfr signalling process plays an instructive role in oogenesis, inducing dorsal cell fates in the follicle cell epithelium and controlling the production of maternal components that will direct the embryonic dorsoventral pattern. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1994) grk, unlike other localized cytoplasmic determinants, is not directly responsible for the establishment of cell fates along a body axis, but restricts and orients an active axis-forming process which occurs later in the follicular epithelium or in the early embryo. (Roth and Schupbach, 1994) grk behaves as a dominant partial suppressor of fs(1)K10. (Forlani et al., 1993) Displays epistatic interactions with sqd alleles. (Kelley, 1993) Molecular analysis of grk suggests that it is the Egfr ligand functioning in the female germline in dorsoventral patterning. (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993) Mutations at the grk locus cause defects in midoogenesis. Double mutant analysis indicates that rho acts upstream of Tl in dorsal-ventral axis formation, and the action of rho requires the grk-Egfr signaling pathway. (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991) Mutations in grk and Egfr are epistatic to mutations in capu and spir. (Manseau and Schupbach, 1989) Germ line mosaic analysis demonstrates that the grk gene product is required in the germline for chorion patterning and embryonic patterning. (Schupbach, 1987) maternal-effect lethal. Wild-type allele required for normal dorsoventral pattern in the egg. In mutants, the ventral regions of the chorion and the embryo are expanded at the expense of the dorsal regions. The pattern of the chorion is altered, a second micropyle and a small patch of operculum-like material often forming at the posterior pole in extremely mutant eggs; fewer cells contribute to the dorsal appendage, which is usually shifted posteriorly, but more follicle cells contribute to the main body of the chorion. In the embryo the major increase in cell mass occurs in the mesoderm as an invagination on the ventral side during early gastrulation. Analysis of mosaic females in which germ cells and sister nurse cells are of different genotype indicate that grk mutations act only in the germ line.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057220 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476568 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA951623 AAA28598 AAF52675 AAF72000 AAK93238 AC092234 AF223394 AW943125 AY051814 CZ466148 CZ489834 CZ489835 L22531 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 34171 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P42287
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Epidermal growth factor-like domain (IPR000742) EGF-like, conserved site (IPR013032)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60293 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001137 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001137 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001137 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001137 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG17610-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001137 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34171 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/gurken1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34171 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001137 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P42287
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG17610 (Labourier et al., 2002, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) CT32746 (Hynes and Zhao, 2000) grk (Rehwinkel et al., 2006, Jordan et al., 2005, Lin et al., 2007, McCaffrey et al., 2006, Jaramillo et al., 2007, Doerflinger et al., 2006, Atkey et al., 2006, Araujo and Bier, 2000, Poulton and Deng, 2006, Duchek and Rorth, 2001, Christensen and Cook, 2006.8.30, Lin et al., 2006, Vogt et al., 2006, Jekely et al., 2005, Chen and Schupbach, 2006, Van De Bor et al., 2005, Neuman-Silberberg, 2007, Zimyanin et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2007, McDermott et al., 2012, Januschke et al., 2006, Jaramillo et al., 2008, Norvell et al., 2008, Papadia et al., 2005, Dietzl et al., 2007, Cui et al., 2005, Motola and Neuman-Silberberg, 2004, Lin et al., 2007, Geng and Macdonald, 2006, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Hackney et al., 2007, Fan et al., 2011, Lan et al., 2010, Shravage et al., 2007, Pane et al., 2007, Delanoue et al., 2007, Januschke et al., 2007, Tian and Deng, 2008, Tanaka and Nakamura, 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Gervais et al., 2008, Clouse et al., 2008, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Meignin et al., 2007, Stevens et al., 2007, Meignin and Davis, 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Jaramillo et al., 2008, Kalifa et al., 2009, Besse et al., 2009, Hamilton et al., 2009, Pizette et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, McNeil et al., 2009, Kugler et al., 2009, Dienstbier et al., 2009, Navarro et al., 2009, Krauss et al., 2009, Krauss et al., 2009, Iovino et al., 2009, Duong et al., 2008, Snee and Macdonald, 2009, Behm-Ansmant et al., 2006, Shyu et al., 2009, Technau and Roth, 2008, Joyce et al., 2011, Becalska and Gavis, 2010, Li et al., 2008, Snee et al., 2007, Baffet et al., 2012, Gigliotti et al., 2000, Liu et al., 2010, Assaker et al., 2010, Grillo et al., 2011, Wang and Pai, 2011, Singh et al., 2011, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2011, Dubin-Bar et al., 2011, Duchi et al., 2010, Galasso et al., 2007, Rom et al., 2007, Leibfried et al., 2013, Technau et al., 2012, Serbus et al., 2011, Ferguson et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Simakov et al., 2012) Grk (Minakhina and Steward, 2005, Wilhelm et al., 2003, Nakamura et al., 2005, Lin et al., 2002, Doronkin et al., 2001, Cotton et al., 2007, Wilhelm, 2007, Tanner et al., 2007, Bokel et al., 2006, Wehr et al., 2006, Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Abdu et al., 2006, Nurminsky, 2007, Barbosa et al., 2007, Sun et al., 2011, Sato et al., 2011, Zettl et al., 2011, Castro et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Tian and Deng, 2009, Bosveld et al., 2008, Bosveld et al., 2008, Klattenhoff et al., 2009, Krahn et al., 2010, Morais-de-Sá et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Klusza and Deng, 2010, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Yan et al., 2011, Yue et al., 2012) GRK (Lim and Kai, 2007, Yakoby et al., 2008, Lembong et al., 2009) s-Grk (Montell, 2006)
Name Synonym	gurken (Jordan et al., 2005, Neuman-Silberberg, 1993.11.23, Lin et al., 2007, Chang et al., 2007, Jaramillo et al., 2007, Wilhelm, 2007, Ho and Gavis, 2007, Schupbach et al., 2006, Araujo et al., 2006, Atkey et al., 2006, Carneiro et al., 2006, Linder and Lasko, 2006, Poulton and Deng, 2006, Bergmann, 2006, Shapiro and Anderson, 2006, Lin et al., 2006, Smith, 2007, Quinones et al., 2010, Januschke et al., 2006, Norvell et al., 2008, Papadia et al., 2005, Meinhardt, 2004, Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Shav-Tal and Singer, 2005, Motola and Neuman-Silberberg, 2004, Andrenacci et al., 2000, McCaffrey et al., 2006, Geng and Macdonald, 2006, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Lan et al., 2010, Peretz et al., 2007, Herpers et al., 2010, Yakoby et al., 2008, Tian and Deng, 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Gervais et al., 2008, Clouse et al., 2008, Meignin et al., 2007, Stevens et al., 2007, Meignin and Davis, 2008, Kalifa et al., 2009, Cáceres and Nilson, 2009, Besse et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Kelkar and Dobberstein, 2009, Levine et al., 2007, McNeil et al., 2009, Snee and Macdonald, 2009, Krauss et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Technau and Roth, 2008, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2001, Becalska and Gavis, 2010, Doerflinger et al., 2010, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Gigliotti et al., 2000, Liu et al., 2010, Grillo et al., 2011, Buchon et al., 2010, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2011, Dubin-Bar et al., 2011, Duchi et al., 2010, Rom et al., 2007, Ganguly et al., 2012, Serbus et al., 2011, Hartswood et al., 2012) Gurken (Chang et al., 2007, Pane et al., 2007, Bokel et al., 2006, McDonald et al., 2006, Starz-Gaiano and Montell, 2004, Hochwagen, 2006, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Urban, 2006, Verdier et al., 2006, Nurminsky, 2007, Pribyl et al., 2003, Coutelis and Ephrussi, 2007, Meignin et al., 2004, Wilhelm et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2011, Avery et al., 2011, Strisovsky et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2008, Poukkula et al., 2011, Sun et al., 2011, Zettl et al., 2011, Anand and Kai, 2012, Goentoro et al., 2006, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Sung et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Castro et al., 2007, Pizette et al., 2009, Kugler et al., 2009, Viktorinová et al., 2009, Klattenhoff et al., 2009, Boylan et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2009, Shyu et al., 2009, Krahn et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Li et al., 2008, Klusza and Deng, 2010, Patil and Kai, 2010, Loiseau et al., 2010, Wang and Pai, 2011, Yue et al., 2012, Wang and Elgin, 2011, Ji and Tulin, 2012) GURKEN (Beraud et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 636 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 636 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 314 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 136 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 153 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Conference report  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 32 )
	Leibfried et al., 2013, Development 140(2): 362--371 A Cdc42-regulated actin cytoskeleton mediates Drosophila oocyte polarization. [FBrf0220348] Anand and Kai, 2012, EMBO J. 31(4): 870--882 The tudor domain protein Kumo is required to assemble the nuage and to generate germline piRNAs in Drosophila. [FBrf0217541] Baffet et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Cell 23(18): 3591--3601 Drosophila tubulin-binding cofactor B is required for microtubule network formation and for cell polarity. [FBrf0219447] Ferguson et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(6): 1407--1419 Modulation of gurken translation by insulin and TOR signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0218097] Ganguly et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(38): 15109--15114 Cytoplasmic streaming in Drosophila oocytes varies with kinesin activity and correlates with the microtubule cytoskeleton architecture. [FBrf0219481] Hartswood et al., 2012, RNA 18(4): 729--737 RNA:RNA interaction can enhance RNA localization in Drosophila oocytes. [FBrf0217830] Ji and Tulin, 2012, Nat. Commun. 3: 760 Poly(ADP-ribose) controls DE-cadherin-dependent stem cell maintenance and oocyte localization. [FBrf0217856] McDermott et al., 2012, Biol. Open 1(5): 488--497 Drosophila Syncrip binds the gurken mRNA localisation signal and regulates localised transcripts during axis specification. [FBrf0218722] Naylor and Diantonio, 2012, Dev. Neurobiol. 72(9): 1229--1242 EGFR signaling modulates synaptic connectivity via Gurken. [FBrf0219184] Simakov et al., 2012, Development 139(15): 2814--2820 EGFR-dependent network interactions that pattern Drosophila eggshell appendages. [FBrf0218814] Technau et al., 2012, Dev. Genes Evol. 222(1): 1--17 Molecular mechanisms of EGF signaling-dependent regulation of pipe, a gene crucial for dorsoventral axis formation in Drosophila. [FBrf0217623] Weber et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(4): e34745 Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218073] Weil et al., 2012, Nat. Cell Biol. 14(12): 1305--1315 Drosophila patterning is established by differential association of mRNAs with P bodies. [FBrf0220085] Yue et al., 2012, Dev. Cell 22(2): 255--267 The cell adhesion molecule echinoid functions as a tumor suppressor and upstream regulator of the hippo signaling pathway. [FBrf0217474] Avery et al., 2011, RNA 17(4): 624--638 Drosophila Upf1 and Upf2 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a Upf3-independent manner. [FBrf0213282] Dubin-Bar et al., 2011, Development 138(21): 4661--4671 Drosophila javelin-like encodes a novel microtubule-associated protein and is required for mRNA localization during oogenesis. [FBrf0216406] Fan et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(5): e20612 Drosophila Ge-1 Promotes P Body Formation and oskar mRNA Localization. [FBrf0213914] Grillo et al., 2011, Genetics 187(2): 513--521 Control of Germline torso Expression by the BTB/POZ Domain Protein Pipsqueak Is Required for Embryonic Terminal Patterning in Drosophila. [FBrf0213010] Horn et al., 2011, Nat. Methods 8(4): 341--346 Mapping of signaling networks through synthetic genetic interaction analysis by RNAi. [FBrf0213352] Joyce et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 195(3): 359--367 Drosophila ATM and ATR have distinct activities in the regulation of meiotic DNA damage and repair. [FBrf0216489] Poukkula et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 192(3): 513--524 Cell behaviors regulated by guidance cues in collective migration of border cells. [FBrf0212926] Sato et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(22): 2361--2373 Maelstrom coordinates microtubule organization during Drosophila oogenesis through interaction with components of the MTOC. [FBrf0216748] Serbus et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(24): 4299--4308 A feedback loop between Wolbachia and the Drosophila gurken mRNP complex influences Wolbachia titer. [FBrf0217227] Singh et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 352(1): 104--115 The Bin3 RNA methyltransferase is required for repression of caudal translation in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0213172] Sun et al., 2011, Development 138(10): 1991--2001 Regulation of somatic myosin activity by Protein Phosphatase 1{beta} controls Drosophila oocyte polarization. [FBrf0213586] Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 357(2): 404--418 Pabp binds to the osk 3'UTR and specifically contributes to osk mRNA stability and oocyte accumulation. [FBrf0214798] Wang et al., 2011, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 400(2): 335--341 Lie group study of Raman spectra of the Gurken gradient in Drosophila oogenesis. [FBrf0214310] Wang and Pai, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17097 D-Cbl Binding to Drk Leads to Dose-Dependent Down-Regulation of EGFR Signaling and Increases Receptor-Ligand Endocytosis. [FBrf0213073] Wang and Elgin, 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(52): 21164--21169 Drosophila Piwi functions downstream of piRNA production mediating a chromatin-based transposon silencing mechanism in female germ line. [FBrf0217081] Wong et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e24355 The Functioning of the Drosophila CPEB Protein Orb Is Regulated by Phosphorylation and Requires Casein Kinase 2 Activity. [FBrf0216252] Yan et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1697--1703 Drosophila PI4KIIIalpha is required in follicle cells for oocyte polarization and Hippo signaling. [FBrf0213488] Zettl et al., 2011, Cell 145(1): 79--91 Rhomboid Family Pseudoproteases Use the ER Quality Control Machinery to Regulate Intercellular Signaling. [FBrf0213387] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...