• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • CytoSearch
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
  • AAA data (FTP)
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\gro

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\gro	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	groucho	Annotation symbol	CG8384
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001139
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	10 publicly available
Also Known As	m9/10, m9/m10, m9, E(spl)gro, dGro, l(3)gro, m10
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-89.1
Cytogenetic map	96F10-96F10	Sequence location	3R:21,867,432..21,875,633 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene groucho is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\gro (CG8384, FBgn0001139). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity; protein binding; transcription factor binding; repressing transcription factor binding; transcription corepressor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: lateral inhibition; dendrite morphogenesis; nervous system development; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; actin filament organization; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. 118 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; organ system; adult mesothoracic segment; external compound sense organ; primordium; portion of tissue; sensillum; cell projection; integumentary plate; ventral nerve cord primordium. It has 8 annotated transcripts and 8 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Groucho/TLE, N-terminal Q-rich domain; Groucho/transducin-like enhancer; WD40 repeat; WD40 repeat 2; WD40 repeat, conserved site; WD40 repeat, subgroup; WD40 repeat-like-containing domain; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No FlyAtlas data available because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of gro. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: No relevant information because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of gro. Gene sequence location is 3R:21867432..21875633.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	E(spl)2 Homozygotes have clumps of extra bristles above each eye which give impression of bushy eyebrows; also extra bristles on the humerus. Top of head tends to be malformed; ocelli often enlarged and run together. In selected stocks, penetrance approaches 100%, but is low in unselected stocks. Concluded to be an allele of E(spl) on the basis of the visible phenotype of heterozygotes with lethal presumed point mutations at E(spl); however, it does not cause neural hypertrophy and is wild type in combination with E(spl)1.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2011_10
FB2012_01	References Parrott et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25087 Sequence features BKN28953 HFA16962 Controlled Vocabulary Terms RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity repressing transcription factor binding
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 96F10-96F10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 96F10-96F11     (Price et al., 1997) 96F11-96F14   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hartley et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-89.1   3-87 (Price et al., 1997)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\gro for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	GC splice donor site postulated
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) gro-RA FBtr0084963  NM_170254   2938   719 gro-RB FBtr0084962  NM_170255   2995   719 gro-RC FBtr0084965  NM_170256   2887   719 gro-RD FBtr0084964  NM_079790   2858   719 gro-RE FBtr0084966  NM_206575   3028   730 gro-RF FBtr0302951  NM_001202364   2975   719 gro-RG FBtr0302952  NM_001202365   3022   728 gro-RH FBtr0305047     3977   709
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.4, 3.3 (northern blot) (Knust et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein gro-PA   FBpp0084337   78.9   719   7.13     NP_733133   AAF56557 gro-PB   FBpp0084336   78.9   719   7.13     NP_733134   AAF56556 gro-PC   FBpp0084339   78.9   719   7.13     NP_733135   AAN14068 gro-PD   FBpp0084338   78.9   719   7.13     NP_524514   AAN14069 gro-PE   FBpp0089115   80.2   730   7.17     NP_996298   AAS65218 gro-PF   FBpp0292077   78.9   719   7.13     NP_001189293   ADV37383 gro-PG   FBpp0292078   80.0   728   7.17     NP_001189294   ADV37384 gro-PH   FBpp0293584   77.9   709   8.03
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) Groucho/TLE, N-terminal Q-rich domain (IPR005617) Groucho/transducin-like enhancer (IPR009146) WD40 repeat-like-containing domain (IPR011046) WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775) WD40 repeat, subgroup (IPR019781) WD40 repeat 2 (IPR019782)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202618   AA202941   AA390420   AA392463   AA392794   AA440080   AA440199   AA441321   AA536325   AA539172   AA539593   AA540693   AA694807   AA695834   AA801958   AA817046   AA817241   AA817531   AA820257   AA820765   AA941821   AA941823   AA941893   AA942572   AA948802   AA949834   AA950358   AA950885   AA950955   AA951653   AA951714   AA951724   AA978431   AA978618   AA978690   AA978771   AA979328   AE014297 AAF56556   AE014297 AAF56557   AE014297 AAN14068   AE014297 AAN14069   AE014297 AAS65218   AE014297 ADV37383   AE014297 ADV37384   AF145695 AAD38670   AI109061   AI294112   AI295970   AI455269   AI455998   AI456001   AI456981   AI512314   AI512535   AI518246   AI518423   AI518860   AI519139   AI519781   AI532021   AI532598   AI543442   AQ073065   AX094261   BE975804   BE977319   BE978490   BF487195   BG633640   BG635392   BG638344   BH840740   BI167910   BI167997   BI169504   BI169959   BI170854   BI171346   BI171485   BI212334   BI213634   BI214967   BI228571   BI228837   BI228924   BI231722   BI234302   BI238104   BI242545   BI243266   BI363321   BI363437   BI365201   BI368927   BI369129   BI369641   BI369818   BI374738   BI483060   BI485529   BI577168   BI579006   BI580381   BI580418   BI585539   BI628706   BP542026   BP547184   BP558924   BP558925   BT126075   CK445246   CO155392   CO156288   CO187048   CO188311   CO196206   CO263160   CO267689   CO277752   CO283507   CO286053   CO292991   CO293578   CO302405   CO302442   CO303077   CO305206   CO307648   CO315113   CO317048   CO320225   CO320682   CO324437   CO325272   CO325284   CO325312   CO336579   CO337909   EC054838   EC057679   EC061024   EC063788   EC070729   EC070730   EC074046   EC076937   EC078616   EC080264   EC200928   EC203052   EC204736   EC210588   EC211421   EC214920   EC216395   EC217012   EC223787   EC238604   EC244373   EC247090   EC249122   EC262077   EC262491   EC263866   EC264208   EV592732   EV598008   GH984158   M20571 AAA28512
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P16371
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References deletion gro[MB5]-3 3R:21,869,256..21,869,279 reported_na_change=delta191-214 reported_pr_change=Delta19-27 comment=In frame deletion of residues 19-27 that, together with the adjacent C-to-T nucleotide change just upstream, results in replacement of PIKFTIADT peptide with a single Serine codon. One of three nucleotide changes observed in gro[MB5] mutant. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator. (Jennings et al., 2008) point mutation gro[MB5]-1 3R:21,869,254..21,869,254 na_change=T21869254C reported_na_change=T189C pr_change=G18G | gro-PB; G18G | gro-PA; G18G | gro-PD; G18G | gro-PC; G18G | gro-PE; G18G | gro-PF; G18G | gro-PG; G18G | gro-PH comment=One of three nucleotide changes observed in gro[MB5] mutant. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator. (Jennings et al., 2008) point mutation gro[MB5]-2 3R:21,869,255..21,869,255 na_change=C21869255T reported_na_change=C190T pr_change=P19S | gro-PB; P19S | gro-PA; P19S | gro-PD; P19S | gro-PC; P19S | gro-PE; P19S | gro-PF; P19S | gro-PG; P19S | gro-PH reported_pr_change=P19S comment=One of three nucleotide changes observed in gro[MB5] mutant. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator. (Jennings et al., 2008)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   central nervous system   (Maier et al., 1993) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Maier et al., 1993) embryonic stage | early     (Maier et al., 1993) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 11   organism | ubiquitous   (Knust et al., 1987) embryonic stage 5 -- 11     (Knust et al., 1987) Comment:reference states 2-6 hr AEL adult stage | female     (Knust et al., 1987)
Additional Descriptive Data
	gro transcripts are expressed at high levels in 2-6 hr embryos, and in adult females. In situ hybridization shows that gro transcripts are ubiquitous in the embryo, and persist until late stage 11. (Knust et al., 1987) The distribution of embryonic gro transcripts was compared in D. melanogaster and D. hydei. The patterns of embryonic gene activity were found to be nearly indistinguishable. (Maier et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0001139    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0001139 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001139 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    11480 embryo 02-04hr    16286 embryo 04-06hr    9058 embryo 06-08hr    8750 embryo 08-10hr    7338 embryo 10-12hr    5561 embryo 12-14hr    3959 embryo 14-16hr    5663 embryo 16-18hr    4011 embryo 18-20hr    2363 embryo 20-22hr    4311 embryo 22-24hr    3456 larva L1    2205 larva L2    1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2420 white prepupae new    2547 white prepupae 12hr    2917 white prepupae 24hr    3592 pupae 2d postWPP    2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP    1427 adult male 01day    1461 adult male 05day    1879 adult male 30day    2182 adult female 01day    3589 adult female 05day    4956 adult female 30day    5297 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (11480) embryo 02-04hr  (16286) embryo 04-06hr  (9058) embryo 06-08hr  (8750) embryo 08-10hr  (7338) embryo 10-12hr  (5561) embryo 12-14hr  (3959) embryo 14-16hr  (5663) embryo 16-18hr  (4011) embryo 18-20hr  (2363) embryo 20-22hr  (4311) embryo 22-24hr  (3456) larva L1  (2205) larva L2  (1497) larva L3 12hr old  (1279) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1250) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (2354) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2420) white prepupae new  (2547) white prepupae 12hr  (2917) white prepupae 24hr  (3592) pupae 2d postWPP  (2014) pupae 3d postWPP  (1219) pupae 4d postWPP  (1427) adult male 01day  (1461) adult male 05day  (1879) adult male 30day  (2182) adult female 01day  (3589) adult female 05day  (4956) adult female 30day  (5297) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (11480) embryo 02-04hr  (16286) embryo 04-06hr  (9058) embryo 06-08hr  (8750) embryo 08-10hr  (7338) embryo 10-12hr  (5561) embryo 12-14hr  (3959) embryo 14-16hr  (5663) embryo 16-18hr  (4011) embryo 18-20hr  (2363) embryo 20-22hr  (4311) embryo 22-24hr  (3456) larva L1  (2205) larva L2  1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (2354) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2420) white prepupae new  (2547) white prepupae 12hr  (2917) white prepupae 24hr  (3592) pupae 2d postWPP  (2014) pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP  1427 adult male 01day  1461 adult male 05day  (1879) adult male 30day  (2182) adult female 01day  (3589) adult female 05day  (4956) adult female 30day  (5297) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (11480) embryo 02-04hr  (16286) embryo 04-06hr    9058 embryo 06-08hr    8750 embryo 08-10hr    7338 embryo 10-12hr    5561 embryo 12-14hr    3959 embryo 14-16hr    5663 embryo 16-18hr    4011 embryo 18-20hr    2363 embryo 20-22hr    4311 embryo 22-24hr    3456 larva L1    2205 larva L2    1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2420 white prepupae new    2547 white prepupae 12hr    2917 white prepupae 24hr    3592 pupae 2d postWPP    2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP    1427 adult male 01day    1461 adult male 05day    1879 adult male 30day    2182 adult female 01day    3589 adult female 05day    4956 adult female 30day    5297 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    11480 embryo 02-04hr    16286 embryo 04-06hr    9058 embryo 06-08hr    8750 embryo 08-10hr    7338 embryo 10-12hr    5561 embryo 12-14hr    3959 embryo 14-16hr    5663 embryo 16-18hr    4011 embryo 18-20hr    2363 embryo 20-22hr    4311 embryo 22-24hr    3456 larva L1    2205 larva L2    1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2420 white prepupae new    2547 white prepupae 12hr    2917 white prepupae 24hr    3592 pupae 2d postWPP    2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP    1427 adult male 01day    1461 adult male 05day    1879 adult male 30day    2182 adult female 01day    3589 adult female 05day    4956 adult female 30day    5297 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001139 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    11480 embryo 02-04hr    16286 embryo 04-06hr    9058 embryo 06-08hr    8750 embryo 08-10hr    7338 embryo 10-12hr    5561 embryo 12-14hr    3959 embryo 14-16hr    5663 embryo 16-18hr    4011 embryo 18-20hr    2363 embryo 20-22hr    4311 embryo 22-24hr    3456 larva L1    2205 larva L2    1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2420 white prepupae new    2547 white prepupae 12hr    2917 white prepupae 24hr    3592 pupae 2d postWPP    2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP    1427 adult male 01day    1461 adult male 05day    1879 adult male 30day    2182 adult female 01day    3589 adult female 05day    4956 adult female 30day    5297 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (11480) embryo 02-04hr  (16286) embryo 04-06hr  (9058) embryo 06-08hr  (8750) embryo 08-10hr  (7338) embryo 10-12hr  (5561) embryo 12-14hr  (3959) embryo 14-16hr  (5663) embryo 16-18hr  (4011) embryo 18-20hr  (2363) embryo 20-22hr  (4311) embryo 22-24hr  (3456) larva L1  (2205) larva L2  (1497) larva L3 12hr old  (1279) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1250) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (2354) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2420) white prepupae new  (2547) white prepupae 12hr  (2917) white prepupae 24hr  (3592) pupae 2d postWPP  (2014) pupae 3d postWPP  (1219) pupae 4d postWPP  (1427) adult male 01day  (1461) adult male 05day  (1879) adult male 30day  (2182) adult female 01day  (3589) adult female 05day  (4956) adult female 30day  (5297) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (11480) embryo 02-04hr  (16286) embryo 04-06hr  (9058) embryo 06-08hr  (8750) embryo 08-10hr  (7338) embryo 10-12hr  (5561) embryo 12-14hr  (3959) embryo 14-16hr  (5663) embryo 16-18hr  (4011) embryo 18-20hr  2363 embryo 20-22hr  (4311) embryo 22-24hr  (3456) larva L1  2205 larva L2  1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  2420 white prepupae new  (2547) white prepupae 12hr  (2917) white prepupae 24hr  (3592) pupae 2d postWPP  2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP  1427 adult male 01day  1461 adult male 05day  1879 adult male 30day  2182 adult female 01day  (3589) adult female 05day  (4956) adult female 30day  (5297) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  11480 embryo 02-04hr  16286 embryo 04-06hr    9058 embryo 06-08hr    8750 embryo 08-10hr    7338 embryo 10-12hr    5561 embryo 12-14hr    3959 embryo 14-16hr    5663 embryo 16-18hr    4011 embryo 18-20hr    2363 embryo 20-22hr    4311 embryo 22-24hr    3456 larva L1    2205 larva L2    1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2420 white prepupae new    2547 white prepupae 12hr    2917 white prepupae 24hr    3592 pupae 2d postWPP    2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP    1427 adult male 01day    1461 adult male 05day    1879 adult male 30day    2182 adult female 01day    3589 adult female 05day    4956 adult female 30day    5297 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    11480 embryo 02-04hr    16286 embryo 04-06hr    9058 embryo 06-08hr    8750 embryo 08-10hr    7338 embryo 10-12hr    5561 embryo 12-14hr    3959 embryo 14-16hr    5663 embryo 16-18hr    4011 embryo 18-20hr    2363 embryo 20-22hr    4311 embryo 22-24hr    3456 larva L1    2205 larva L2    1497 larva L3 12hr old    1279 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1250 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2354 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2420 white prepupae new    2547 white prepupae 12hr    2917 white prepupae 24hr    3592 pupae 2d postWPP    2014 pupae 3d postWPP    1219 pupae 4d postWPP    1427 adult male 01day    1461 adult male 05day    1879 adult male 30day    2182 adult female 01day    3589 adult female 05day    4956 adult female 30day    5297 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001139 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8384-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal groB7 groB37 groB48 groB88 groB93 groE28 groE48 groE73 groE75 lethal, with Scer\GAL429BD groGS3230 lethal, with Scer\GAL4c355 groGS3230 lethal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 groGS3230 lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev groGS3230 lethal | dominant | maternal effect groE73 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groAA.Scer\UAS.P\T groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa lethal | embryonic stage | neurogenic | recessive groB7 groB37 groB48 groB88 groB93 grory78 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive gro347 gro781 gro942 gro1052 gro2053 groE73 lethal | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groDD.Scer\UAS.P\T lethal | neurogenic groE28 groE48 groE73 groE75 groE107 lethal | pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 grocdc2-.Scer\UAS groΔWD40.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage | recessive groE107 lethal | recessive gro2 gro3 gro16 gro17 gro18 gro26 gro27 gro28 gro31 gro33 gro43 gro45 gro59 groE48 groE73 groEal13 groEal37 groMB5 semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 groGD1456 semi-viable groC105 groE28 viable gro1 gro131 viable | recessive groBFP2 Sterility Allele female sterile | partially groBFP2 male sterile | partially groBFP2 Other Phenotypes Allele embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groAA.Scer\UAS.P\T groDD.Scer\UAS.P\T groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa visible groC105 visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH groAA.cLa.Scer\UAS groEE.cLa.Scer\UAS groScer\UAS.cAa visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU groScer\UAS.cAa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 groGD1456 visible (with gro1) groC105 visible (with groC105) gro1 visible | dominant groE48 groE73 visible | recessive gro1 gro131 groBFP2 visible | recessive | somatic clone groE48 visible | somatic clone groE48 wild-type gro+t10.4 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult head & microchaeta gro1 groC105 chaeta | ectopic | somatic clone groE48 chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 groGD1456 dendrite grounspecified denticle belt groE48 groMB5 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle groMB12 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone | maternal effect groE48 groMB35 groMB41 groMB19 groMB30 groMB31 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect groMB36 embryonic epidermis groE48 eye gro131 eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH groScer\UAS.cCa groSA.Scer\UAS groSE.Scer\UAS groScer\UAS.cAa groAA.cLa.Scer\UAS groEE.cLa.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU groScer\UAS.cAa eye-antennal disc | late third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH groScer\UAS.cCa groSA.Scer\UAS groSE.Scer\UAS eye photoreceptor cell & eye-antennal disc, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH groScer\UAS.cCa groSA.Scer\UAS groSE.Scer\UAS filzkorper | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa groAA.Scer\UAS.P\T frontal bristle | supernumerary (with gro1) groC105 frontal bristle | supernumerary (with groC105) gro1 head capsule, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH groSA.Scer\UAS intermediate ventral neurectoderm, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa groAA.Scer\UAS.P\T groDD.Scer\UAS.P\T larval head | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa leg, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 groΔWD40.Scer\UAS grocdc2-.Scer\UAS macrochaeta groE48 groE73 macrochaeta & abdominal tergite gro1 macrochaeta & head gro1 macrochaeta & scutum groB88 groE48 groE73 macrochaeta & thorax gro1 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 groGD1456 mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253 groAA.Scer\UAS groScer\UAS.cAa mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone groE48 microchaeta & abdominal tergite gro1 microchaeta & head gro1 microchaeta & scutum groB88 groE48 groE73 microchaeta & thorax gro1 microchaeta | ectopic | somatic clone groE48 ocellus gro1 groC105 ommatidium groBFP2 photoreceptor cell | somatic clone gro1052 gro2053 gro347 gro781 gro942 scutellum | somatic clone groE48 sense organ & wing groE48 groE73 sensory mother cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253 groScer\UAS.cAa ventral nerve cord primordium, with Scer\GAL4rho.PU groScer\UAS.cAa ventral nerve cord primordium | maternal effect groE47 wing | anterior compartment gro1 groE48 groE73 wing | dorsal/ventral compartment boundary gro1 wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 groAA.Scer\UAS groDD.Scer\UAS wing vein L1 gro1 wing vein L2 gro1 wing vein L3 gro1 wing vein L5 groC105 groE28
Classical Alleles ( 65 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of gro Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion gro1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 2 Yes groC105 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- groDG12307 P-element activity 1 -- groGS3230 Delta2-3 1 Yes groKG07117 P-element activity 1 -- groB88 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groE48 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groE73 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence, amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes gro1052 0 -- gro131 0 -- gro16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro2053 0 -- gro26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro347 0 -- gro3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro43 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro45 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro59 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gro781 0 -- gro942 0 -- grob32.2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- groB37 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groB48 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groB7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groB93 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groBFP2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groE(spl)-1 0 -- groE107 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groE28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groE47 0 -- groE75 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- groEal13 0 -- groEal37 0 -- groEP3619 P-element activity 0 -- groMB11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB30 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB34 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB35 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB36 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB37 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB41 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB42 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMB6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMBB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes groMBD ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes grory78 Delta2-3 0 Yes grounspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 53 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of gro Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion groGD1456 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes groHMS01506 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes gro+t10.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes gro+t9.2 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes gro1-121.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro1-192.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro1-264.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro1-420.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro1-719.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro120-420.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro120-719.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro121-194.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsap\TP53 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro121-194.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro121-390.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsap\TP53 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes gro2-390LL.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsap\TP53 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes gro2-719LL.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsap\TP53 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gro342-719.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gro391-719.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes groAA.cLa.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes groAA.MtnA.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groAA.Scer\UAS.P\T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes groAA.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes groAA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes groAct5C.PD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groAct5C.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groAct5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes groAct5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grocdc2-.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes groD in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes groDD.Scer\UAS.P\T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes groDD.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes grodsRNA.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes grodsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes groE(spl)-1.tNa in vitro construct 0 Yes groEE.cLa.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes grohs.T:Ecol\dam,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groKK108953 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groL38P.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes groL38P.L87P.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes groL87P.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes groMtnA.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groNLS-.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes groSA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes groScer\UAS.cAa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groScer\UAS.cCa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groScer\UAS.P\T.cCa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes groSE.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes groTD.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsap\TP53 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes groWT.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes groΔGCS.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes groΔQ.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes groΔWD40.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)boss9 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)BSC751 (Christensen et al., 2009.2.28) Df(3R)E(spl)-r8.1 (Schrons et al., 1992, Heitzler et al., 1996) Df(3R)E(spl)-r72.1 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)E(spl)-rv27 (Schrons et al., 1992, Tietze et al., 1993, de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) Df(3R)ED6232 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)Espl1 (Bodmer et al., 1993) Df(3R)Espl3 (Cook and Carpenter, 2002, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Crews, 2007.1.6) Df(3R)Espl4 (Schrons et al., 1992, Heitzler et al., 1996) Df(3R)Espl9 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) Df(3R)Espl10 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)Espl22 (Ligoxygakis et al., 1998, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995, Price et al., 1997) Df(3R)Exel6204 (Ryder, 2004.4.26, Crews, 2007.1.6) Df(3R)grob32.2 (Heitzler et al., 1996, de Celis et al., 1997) Df(3R)gror32.1 (Schrons et al., 1992) Df(3R)grory78R-r171.1 (Schrons et al., 1992, Tietze et al., 1992) Df(3R)P709 (Delidakis et al., 1991, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)ro80b (Cook and Carpenter, 2002) Df(3R)Tl-I (Cook and Carpenter, 2002) Df(3R)Tl-P (Cook and Carpenter, 2002) T(2;3)boss3 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992)
Partially disrupted in	Df(3R)grob32.2 (Ligoxygakis et al., 1998, Schrons et al., 1992, de Celis et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)boss14 (Delidakis et al., 1991) Df(3R)boss15 (Delidakis et al., 1991, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)boss16 (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Df(3R)E(spl)δ-6 (Chanet et al., 2009, Bardin et al., 2010) Df(3R)ED6235 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)ME61 (Cook and Carpenter, 2002) Df(3R)Tl-X (Cook and Carpenter, 2002)
Duplicated in	Dp(3;2)E(spl)δ-8 (Chanet et al., 2009) Dp(3;2)E(spl)δ-8Δα46 (Chanet et al., 2009)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1456} NA P{KK108953} NA P{TRiP.HMS01506} NA P{UAS-gro.A} NA P{UAS-gro.AA.L} NA P{UAS-gro.AA} NA P{UAS-gro.C} NA P{UAS-gro.cdc2-} NA P{UAS-gro.DD} NA P{UAS-gro.EE.L} NA P{UAS-gro.IR} NA P{UAS-gro.NLS-} NA P{UAS-gro.SA} NA P{UAS-gro.SE} NA P{UAS-gro.ΔGCS} NA P{UAS-gro.ΔQ} NA P{UAS-gro.ΔWD40} NA P{UASp-gro.AA} NA P{UASp-gro.C} NA P{UASp-gro.DD} NA characterization construct P{E(spl)E8} NA P{gro9.2} NA P{groD} NA P{groE(spl)-1.tNa} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}groEP3619 NA P{GSV1}groGS3230 NA miscellaneous insertions ?{}gro1 NA P{SUPor-P}groKG07117 NA P{wHy}groDG12307 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacZ-un1}grory78 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 17 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with dm (Orian et al., 2007) inferred from physical interaction with elB (Dorfman et al., 2002) inferred from physical interaction with h (Zhang and Levine, 1999) repressing transcription factor binding inferred from genetic interaction with HLHm7 (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) inferred from physical interaction with cic (Jimenez et al., 2000) inferred from physical interaction with hkb (Goldstein et al., 1999) inferred from physical interaction with retn (Valentine et al., 1998) RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity inferred from genetic interaction with HLHm7 (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) transcription corepressor activity inferred from physical interaction with h (Mannervik et al., 1999) transcription factor binding inferred from mutant phenotype (Ajuria et al., 2011) inferred from physical interaction with dl (Valentine et al., 1998) inferred from physical interaction with h (Goldstein et al., 1999) inferred from physical interaction with HGTX (Syu et al., 2009) inferred from physical interaction with HLHm7 (Goldstein et al., 1999) inferred from physical interaction with so (Kenyon et al., 2005)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin filament organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Kiger et al., 2003) dendrite morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) lateral inhibition inferred from mutant phenotype (Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009) negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from genetic interaction with dm (Orian et al., 2007) negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from physical interaction with h (Zhang and Levine, 1999) nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Schrons et al., 1992)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
protein complex inferred from physical interaction with dm (Orian et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
NOT DNA binding non-traceable author statement (Courey and Jia, 2001) transcription corepressor activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1, Schutt and Nothiger, 2000, Courey and Jia, 2001) traceable author statement (Canon and Banerjee, 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) traceable author statement (Courey and Jia, 2001) negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter traceable author statement (Schutt and Nothiger, 2000, Canon and Banerjee, 2000) negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Harden, 2002) nervous system development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio traceable author statement (Schutt and Nothiger, 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009146 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions gro allele Gene References gro1 Egfr (Price et al., 1997) rl (Price et al., 1997) gro131 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) gro347 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) gro1052 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) gro2053 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) groB7 N (Ziemer et al., 1988) groC105 E(Egfr)C22 (Price et al., 1997) Egfr (Price et al., 1997) H (Price et al., 1997) Snr1 (Marenda et al., 2004) Su(H) (Price et al., 1997) vn (Price et al., 1997) groE47 CtBP (Phippen et al., 2000) h (Phippen et al., 2000) groE48 arm (Cavallo et al., 1998) Dl (Xu et al., 1990) eve (Kobayashi et al., 2001) H (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) N (Xu et al., 1990, Ramain et al., 2001) osa (Collins and Treisman, 2000) pan (Cavallo et al., 1998) Rpd3 (Chen et al., 1999) run (Wheeler et al., 2002) groE73 Dl (Xu et al., 1990) eve (Kobayashi et al., 2001) H (Barolo et al., 2002) N (Xu et al., 1990, Barolo et al., 2002) sno (Coyle-Thompson and Banerjee, 1993) Su(H) (Barolo et al., 2002) groE75 H (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) groE107 Dl (Xu et al., 1990) N (Xu et al., 1990) groScer\UAS.cAa btl::Egfr (Hasson et al., 2005) HLHmβ (Hasson et al., 2005) unspecified al (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) Dl (Sun and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1996) E(spl) (Price et al., 1997) Gug (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) N (de Celis and Garcia-Bellido, 1994, Price et al., 1997) Nle (Royet et al., 1998) ro (Chanut et al., 2000) run (Aronson et al., 1997) sbb (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) Ser (Sun and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1996) wg (Cavallo et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68062 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001139 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001139 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43162
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF16803 Dere\GG11460 Dgri\GH19460 Dmoj\GI24695 Dper\GL21824 Dpse\GA21035 Dsec\GM10302 Dsim\GD21265 Dvir\GJ23911 Dwil\GK14461 Dyak\GE23652
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dhyd\gro   Dpse\GA21035
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010433-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP004280-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392425.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001951101.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 102222 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA012449-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000004593 Bos taurus (bovine) CN30517 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP14968 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE14434 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000002238 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0E00561g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) ENSCINP00000017742 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) CPIJ009226 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000019006 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP31844 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000009450 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 168379 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) 299754 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000019743 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000005470 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000022342 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000020507 Gallus gallus (chicken) 184828 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000319233 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW006956-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 206444 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF17.0170 Leishmania major (virus) ENSMODP00000011484 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000038973 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000057527 Mus musculus (house mouse) 248687 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001604872.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000012515 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000008411 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM000440-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP28967 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) ENSPPYP00000007485 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000049265 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000018272 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_150080 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) XP_792326.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 49955 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_968115.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000012426 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000038635 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000022625 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0A14542g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV17443 NV13225 LH24264 LH24221 ISCW011345 ISCW006956 FBgn0240816 FBgn0216467 FBgn0211004 FBgn0192706 FBgn0165253 JGI_V11_299754 JGI_V11_299755 FBgn0081023 FBgn0159417 FBgn0147417 FBgn0126925 FBgn0103758 FBgn0093824 CPIJ010204 CPIJ009226 BGIBMGA012449 ACYPI005368 GB30225 GB13456 AGAP010324 AGAP004280 AAEL010433 AAEL005009 PHUM307240 PHUM399450 GLEAN_01371
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 10 )
Bloomington	511 gro1 2124 groC105/TM3, Sb1 35759 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01506}attP2 14322 y1 w67c23; ry506 P{SUPor-P}groKG07117 20592 y1 w67c23; P{wHy}groDG12307/TM3, Sb1 Ser1
Kyoto	105951 gro1 106671 groC105/TM3, Sb1 200571 y1 w67c23; P{GSV1}groGS3230/TM3, Sb1 Ser1
VDRC	v6315 w1118; P{GD1456}v6315 v6316 w1118; P{GD1456}v6316
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR13F13 BACR22N13 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 155 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD02490 LD33829
Other clones	DPiM_LD33829
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT21911 AT31966 GH07569 GM01575 GM03635 LD02844 LD03438 LD09342 LD11336 LD11916 LD14816 LD15161 LD16212 LD16881 LD17276 LD17795 LD20467 LD22053 LD23105 LD23319 LD23777 LD24643 LD26878 LD27120 LD27122 LD27223 LD27447 LD28887 LD29869 LD30561 LD31044 LD31146 LD32103 LD32295 LD32403 LD32415 LD32669 LD35271 LD35806 LD35810 LD37171 LD37709 LD37926 LD38577 LD39555 LD44115 LD44436 LP07416 LP09748 LP14245 RE08409 RE08526 RE10691 RE11279 RE12455 RE13091 RE13274 RE17411 RE19075 RE21138 RE23343 RE26147 RE26484 RE26584 RE29984 RE34484 RE39917 RE40848 RE48096 RE48243 RE50442 RE54987 RE55223 RE55885 RE56125 RE62411 RE65895 RE68876 RE70816 RE72969 RE74566 RE74611 RH25144 RH57229 SD03365 SD04157 SD10188
Other clones	15700 15897 38529 55705 55757 66062 67381 72758 74058 119562 119978 125573 148990 163127 177481 181097 193945 524808 525803 558007 569766 bs45c11 bs62c11 bs80d07 CK01.24A.D10 CK01.40D.G3 CK01.104C.B8 CK01.112D.H3 Dmel_neb_007877_0883_1709 Dmel_neb_011082_0628_1177 EC054838 EK001932 EK025908 EK039159 EK061602 EK087640 EK126225 EK151520 EK163445 EK184064 EK184151 EK193654 EK196009 EK196027 EK196107 EK201359 EK203628 EK239140 EK239848 EK247638 EK255150 EK266943 EK282934 EK287114 EN05950 EN07750 EN12820 EN15551 FGC008C06 FGH114C10 FGM317H01 GM04567 LD22436 LD32926 RP004201134
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001139 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43162
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Cinnamon et al., 2008)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: gro anon-WO0118547.385 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: gro BcDNA:LD33829 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: gro BEST:LD15161 BEST:GM01575 (Rana, 2004.7.8)
Additional comments	Source for merge of gro anon-WO0118547.385 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of gro BcDNA:LD33829 was sequence comparison (date:990717). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for gro protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069). (Filion et al., 2010) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene has been transfected into Kc cells. (Fang et al., 2006) dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of gro results in dorsal overextension of primary dendrites and a reduction in lateral branching. (Parrish et al., 2006) gro forms a junction between signalling pathways, enabling Egfr signalling to antagonize transcriptional output by N. (Hasson et al., 2005) RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: increased or polarized (uneven) accumulation of F-actin. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) gro mediates a ci-independant mechanism of hh repression in the anterior wing pouch. (Apidianakis et al., 2001) Area matching Drosophila EST AA540693. This EST forms a 1450bp contig with ESTs AA441321, AA440080 and AA392794. (Davies, 2001.3.15) The brk co-repressors gro and CtBP are alternately used for repressing some dpp-responsive genes, whereas for repressing other, distinct, target genes they are not required. (Hasson et al., 2001) gro and H control different aspects of ato's complex expression pattern. (Chanut et al., 2000) gro and H both act to restrict neuronal cell fate in the retina. (Chanut et al., 2000) gro and Rpd3 appear to form a complex in vivo and interact directly via the glycine/proline rich (GP) domain. (Chen et al., 1999) gro mediated repression requires Rpd3 function. (Chen et al., 1999) tin protein interacts directly with the gro corepressor protein, for which the homeodomain is required. (Choi et al., 1999) gro protein mediates repressor activity of the hkb protein. (Goldstein et al., 1999) CtBP and gro repressors mediate separate pathways of transcriptional repression, and the two proteins can inhibit one another when both bind the same repressor. (Zhang and Levine, 1999) The products of the gro and pan genes interact to repress wg signalling activity. (Cavallo et al., 1998) run protein interacts with gro protein to repress transcription. (Aronson et al., 1997) Shows no genetic interaction with sdk. (Nguyen et al., 1997) Transcription complexes containing gro may associate with the amino terminus of His3 and these interactions may be propogated along the chromosomes due to the ability of gro to participate in higher order structures. (Palaparti et al., 1997) A screen to isolate mutations that cause dominant enhancement of wing vein phenotypes associated with Egfr recovered mutations in gro. (Price et al., 1997) The WRPW motif (the repressor domain) maps to the carboxy terminal of h-related proteins and is both necessary and sufficient to form protein-protein interactions with gro. gro is able to repress transcription when directly bound to DNA in the absence of binding to h-related proteins. (Fisher et al., 1996) Clones mutant for E(spl)-C bHLH-encoding genes or for gro display bristle hyperplasia. The E(spl)-C genes participate in the N signalling pathway. E(spl)-C mutants are epistatic over a gain of function mutant of N and ac-sc mutants are epistatic over E(spl)-C mutants. (Heitzler et al., 1996) Expression in Schneider cells demonstrates HLHm5 and E(spl) mediate transcriptional repression of an ac Ecol\CAT reporter gene, gro potentiates this effect. (Heitzler et al., 1996) The intracellular distribution and phosphorylation state of gro protein has been analysed. (Husain et al., 1996) E(spl) and gro form a highly interconnected interacting network involved in transcriptional regulation. (Alifragis and Delidakis, 1995) The bristle loss phenotype of H mutants can be suppressed by deleting components of the E(spl)-complex. The degree of suppression depends on both the number and identity of E(spl)-complex transcription units removed. (Bang et al., 1995) gro and hh regulate en expression in the anterior compartment of the wing. (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) gro is crucial for transcriptional repression in several independent developmental pathways and is involved in establishing the terminal embryonic pattern. (Ish-Horowicz et al., 1995) gro is required maternally for neurogenesis, segmentation and sex determination and acts as a transcriptional corepressor recruited to specific target promoters by h-related bHLH proteins. (Paroush et al., 1994) Arrangement and sequence of E(spl)-complex genes in D.melanogaster and D.hydei revealed that the E(spl)-gene, and the structure of complex are highly conserved, suggesting that each individual gene, as well as the organization of the complex, is of functional importance. (Maier et al., 1993) Individuals homozygous for Bpt1 and gro exhibit no Bpt1 phenotype. (Duus et al., 1992) gro is a neurogenic gene showing prominant maternal expression and is the only gene of the E(spl)-complex essential for viability. E(spl)-complex genes act as a functional unit composed of redundant genes which can partially substitute for each other. Eight E(spl)-region genes are required for the development of neurectodermal cells: HLHmδ, HLHmβ, HLHmγ, HLHm3, HLHm5, HLHm7, E(spl) and gro. (Schrons et al., 1992) gro allelic combinations show weak to intermediate neurogenic phenotypes. (Delidakis et al., 1991)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079790 NM_170254 NM_170255 NM_170256 NM_206575 NM_001202364 NM_001202365 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524514 NP_733133 NP_733134 NP_733135 NP_996298 NP_001189293 NP_001189294 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA440080 AA540693 AA694807 AA979328 AAA28512 AAD38670 AAF56556 AAF56557 AAN14068 AAN14069 AAS65218 ADV37383 ADV37384 AF145695 AQ073065 AX094261 BH840740 M20571 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43162 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P16371
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) Groucho/TLE, N-terminal Q-rich domain (IPR005617) Groucho/transducin-like enhancer (IPR009146) WD40 repeat-like-containing domain (IPR011046) WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775) WD40 repeat, subgroup (IPR019781) WD40 repeat 2 (IPR019782)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68062 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001139 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001139 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001139 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001139 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8384-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001139 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 91660 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43162 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010433-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP004280-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392425.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001951101.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 102222 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA012449-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000004593 Bos taurus (bovine) CN30517 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP14968 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE14434 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000002238 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0E00561g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) ENSCINP00000017742 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) CPIJ009226 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000019006 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP31844 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000009450 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 168379 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) 299754 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000019743 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000005470 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000022342 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000020507 Gallus gallus (chicken) 184828 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000319233 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW006956-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 206444 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF17.0170 Leishmania major (virus) ENSMODP00000011484 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000038973 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000057527 Mus musculus (house mouse) 248687 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001604872.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000012515 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000008411 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM000440-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP28967 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) ENSPPYP00000007485 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000049265 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000018272 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_150080 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) XP_792326.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 49955 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_968115.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000012426 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000038635 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000022625 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0A14542g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/groucho.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43162 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001139 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV17443 NV13225 LH24264 LH24221 ISCW011345 ISCW006956 FBgn0240816 FBgn0216467 FBgn0211004 FBgn0192706 FBgn0165253 JGI_V11_299754 JGI_V11_299755 FBgn0081023 FBgn0159417 FBgn0147417 FBgn0126925 FBgn0103758 FBgn0093824 CPIJ010204 CPIJ009226 BGIBMGA012449 ACYPI005368 GB30225 GB13456 AGAP010324 AGAP004280 AAEL010433 AAEL005009 PHUM307240 PHUM399450 GLEAN_01371
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 29 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-WO0118547.385   BcDNA:LD33829   BcDNA.LD33829 (Rubin, 1999.4.23) BEST:GM01575   BEST:LD15161   CG8384 (Bhutkar et al., 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2011.7.19) dAES1 (Chen and Courey, 2000) dAES2 (Chen and Courey, 2000) dGro (Chen and Courey, 2000) DGro (Bajoghli, 2007) E(spl)2 (Price et al., 1997, ) E(spl)gro (Li and Baker, 2001, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009) E(spl)m9/m10 (Delidakis et al., 1991, ) E(spl)-WD (Schmidt and Sladek, 1993) En-spl   Grg/TLE (Malin et al., 2005) gro (Bhutkar et al., 2008, Wehn and Campbell, 2006, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2007, Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Chao et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2006, Crews, 2007.1.6, Roederer et al., 2005, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2006, Jennings et al., 2006, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Liotta et al., 2007, Goldstein et al., 2005, Orian et al., 2007, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Estella and Mann, 2008, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Protzer et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2009, Salzer and Kumar, 2009, Lu et al., 2008, Ziv et al., 2009, Aerts et al., 2009, Benítez et al., 2009, Cai and Laughon, 2009, Choi et al., 2005, Dworkin et al., 2009, Jennings et al., 2008, Bejarano et al., 2007, Mieszczanek et al., 2008, Zhai et al., 2009, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Shirangi et al., 2006, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009, Walrad et al., 2010, Gim et al., 2001, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Haussmann et al., 2008, de Wit et al., 2008, Bardin et al., 2010, Walrad et al., 2011, Chanet et al., 2009, Lawrence et al., 2000, Wang et al., 2011, Ajuria et al., 2011, Helman et al., 2011, Nagel et al., 2007) Gro (Kenyon et al., 2005, Kenyon et al., 2005, Ma, 2005, Wheeler et al., 2002, Cinnamon et al., 2007, Bejarano et al., 2007, Moorman et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Stadeli, 2006, Abed et al., 2011, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Parrott et al., 2011, Barry et al., 2011, Nagel et al., 2005, Kahali et al., 2008, Winkler et al., 2008, Song et al., 2004, Von Ohlen et al., 2007, Maier et al., 2008, Martinez and Arnosti, 2008, Yao et al., 2008, Winkler et al., 2010, Nagel and Preiss, 2011) GRO (Silver et al., 2003, Taylor-Harding et al., 2004, van Steensel et al., 2010, Filion et al., 2010) Groucho (Nedelsky et al., 2010) l(3)gro (Nagel and Preiss, 1997, Ish-Horowicz et al., 1995) m9 (Tata and Hartley, 1991, Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990, Knust et al., 1987) m9,m10 (Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990) m9/10 (Muskavitch, 1994, Schrons et al., 1991, Preiss et al., 1991, Marte et al., 1991, Cornish et al., 1991) m9/m10 (Schmidt and Sladek, 1993, Tietze et al., 1992, Preiss et al., 1990, Cornish et al., 1990, Klambt et al., 1989, ) m9-m10 (Campos-Ortega, 1993) m10 (Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990, Knust et al., 1987)
Name Synonym	Dgroucho (Brugmann, 2004) Groucho (Chen and Rasmuson-Lestander, 2009, Jennings, 2002, Klochendler-Yeivin et al., 2002, Kenyon et al., 2001, Wheeler et al., 2002, Cinnamon et al., 2007, Ohlen et al., 2007, Gerlitz et al., 2007, Metzger et al., 2007, Bejarano et al., 2007, Orian et al., 2007, Payankaulam et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Stadeli, 2006, He and Axelrod, 2006, Parrish et al., 2006, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Parrott et al., 2011, Malin et al., 2005, Nagel et al., 2005, Kahali et al., 2008, Winkler et al., 2008, Song et al., 2004, Liotta et al., 2007, Reig et al., 2007, Maier et al., 2008, Goldstein et al., 2005, Martinez and Arnosti, 2008, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Yao et al., 2008, Bajoghli, 2007, Cai and Laughon, 2009, Syu et al., 2009, Nie et al., 2009, Jennings et al., 2008, Von Ohlen and Moses, 2009, Shirangi et al., 2006, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009, Walrad et al., 2010, Gim et al., 2001, van Steensel et al., 2010, Winkler et al., 2010, Weinmaster, 1997, Jia et al., 2002, Zhang et al., 2008, Song et al., 2010, Helman et al., 2011) groucho (Stifani et al., 1992, Wehn and Campbell, 2006, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2007, Payankaulam et al., 2006, Roederer et al., 2005, Yu et al., 2005, Silver et al., 2003, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Takanaka and Courey, 2005, Uhler et al., 2007, Von Ohlen et al., 2007, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Shevelyov et al., 2009, Choi et al., 2005, Bejarano et al., 2007, González et al., 2008, Zhai et al., 2009, Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, Bardin et al., 2010, Lawrence et al., 2000, Duncan and Dearden, 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0019999 FBgn0020008 FBgn0023439 FBgn0043006 FBgn0043009 FBgn0062049
References ( 397 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 397 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 208 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 77 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 78 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Meeting report  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 3 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Book review  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 16 )
	Abed et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(7): 1289--1301 Degringolade, a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, inhibits Hairy/Groucho-mediated repression. [FBrf0213366] Ajuria et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 915--924 Capicua DNA-binding sites are general response elements for RTK signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0212975] Barry et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1759--1769 The Drosophila STUbL protein Degringolade limits HES functions during embryogenesis. [FBrf0213458] Helman et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(13): 1102--1110 Phosphorylation of Groucho Mediates RTK Feedback Inhibition and Prolonged Pathway Target Gene Expression. [FBrf0214255] Nagel and Preiss, 2011, Hereditas 148(3): 77--84 Fine tuning of Notch signaling by differential co-repressor recruitment during eye development of Drosophila. [FBrf0214356] Parrott et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25087 Nucleoporin98-96 Function Is Required for Transit Amplification Divisions in the Germ Line of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0216255] Walrad et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(8): 1364--1374 Hairless is a cofactor for Runt-dependent transcriptional regulation. [FBrf0213441] Wang et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 350(2): 414--428 Notch signaling regulates neuroepithelial stem cell maintenance and neuroblast formation in Drosophila optic lobe development. [FBrf0212909] Bardin et al., 2010, Development 137(5): 705--714 Transcriptional control of stem cell maintenance in the Drosophila intestine. [FBrf0209974] Duncan and Dearden, 2010, Genome Res. 20(7): 917--928 Evolution of a genomic regulatory domain: the role of gene co-option and gene duplication in the Enhancer of split complex. [FBrf0211195] Filion et al., 2010, Cell 143(2): 212--224 Systematic protein location mapping reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells. [FBrf0212051] Nedelsky et al., 2010, Neuron 67(6): 936--952 Native functions of the androgen receptor are essential to pathogenesis in a Drosophila model of spinobulbar muscular atrophy. [FBrf0211903] Song et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(9): 881--886 Coop functions as a corepressor of Pangolin and antagonizes Wingless signaling. [FBrf0213249] van Steensel et al., 2010, Genome Res. 20(2): 190--200 Bayesian network analysis of targeting interactions in chromatin. [FBrf0209848] Walrad et al., 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(13): 2315--2326 Distinct contributions of conserved modules to runt transcription factor activity. [FBrf0211193] Winkler et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(4): e10166 Groucho-mediated repression may result from a histone deacetylase-dependent increase in nucleosome density. [FBrf0210549] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...