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Gene Dmel\H

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\H	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Hairless	Annotation symbol	CG5460
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001169
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	44 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-69.5
Cytogenetic map	92F3-92F3	Sequence location	3R:16,447,660..16,454,637 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Hairless is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\H (CG5460, FBgn0001169). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: transcription corepressor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; sensory organ boundary specification; regulation of cell death; sensory organ precursor cell fate determination; imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis; lateral inhibition; somatic stem cell maintenance; imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis; wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation. 128 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; organ system; eo support cell; thoracic segment; external compound sense organ; peripheral nervous system; imaginal precursor; tormogen cell; non-connected developing system. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland. Gene sequence location is 3R:16447660..16454637.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	H: Hairless H: Hairless From Bridges and Morgan, 1923, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 327: 161. Bristles, especially postverticals and abdominals, missing in heterozygous H flies. Bristle sockets present at some sites, not at others. Expressed most distinctly on head; occipital; post vertical and ocellar bristles affected. Bristles of antennae and vibrissae show mutant phenotype much less frequently. Sockets without shafts also found on thorax, scutellum, abdominal tergites, external genitalia, wings, and legs. No shaftless sockets appear on the bracted costa of the wing. Some 40% of bristle organs located on distal part of femur differentiate neither shaft nor bract; bracts absent whenever shaft missing but present when shaft present; abnormally short shaft may be accompanied by normal-sized bract (from description of H2, by Tobler, Rothenbuhler, and Nothiger, 1973, Experientia 29: 370-71). Veins L4 and L5 do not reach wing margin; occasionally true of L2 also. Eyes larger than wild type; body color somewhat paler. Lees and Waddington [1942, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. B. 131: 87-110 (fig.)] show that trichogen cell forms a socket instead of a bristle shaft at some sites. Phenotypic expression of H responds linearly to dosage of Su(H)+ in region 35B6-10 on the left arm of chromosome 2. The number of microchaetae in H/+ flies varies from approximately 35 in the presence of a single dose of 35B6-10 to fewer than 10 in the presence of four doses (Ashburner, 1982, Genetics 64: 471-79). Interactions with other mutants studied by House (1953, Genetics 38: 199-215, 309-27; 1959, Genetics 44: 516; 1955, Anat. Record 122: 471; 1959, Anat. Record 134: 581-82). H suppresses wing notching of N, fa, fano, and nd, enhances Ax; also H enhances eye effect of spl, and removes more bristles in combination with spl (House, Von Halle). Reduction in the number of copies of the wild-type allele of H decreases the mutant phenotype of heterozygous N and Dl flies, but increase in the number of copies of the wild-type allele of H enhances the mutant phenotype of heterozygous N, Dl, and E(spl) flies (Vassin, Vielmetter, and Campos-Ortega, 1985, J. Neurogenet. 2: 291-308). H shows some superadditive interaction with en, ci, ciW, and ciD relative to degree of L4 interruption. L2 interruption augmented in combinations with ve and ri; L3 interruption augmented in combinations with ve and tt. Triploid, H/+/+, intermediate between wild type and H/+. H/H/+ most extreme type with bristles absent from head, thorax, and abdomen [Gowen, 1933, Am. Nat. 67: 178-80 (fig.)]. Homozygous lethal. H null homozygotes die during larval and pupal stages (Bang et al.). Animals surviving to pharate adult are completely devoid of macrochaetes and microchaetes on the head and notum, with occasional "double sockets" remaining on the abdominal tergites. Bristles on the legs significantly resistant to loss of H+ function; many "double sockets" and some normal bristles remain on the legs of H null homozygotes. In regions of the notum exhibiting bristle "loss" in adult H mutants, macrochaete and microchaete primary precursor cells undetectable (Bang et al.). RK1. H16 Recessive allele of Hairy (formerly called Hairless-recessive). Homozygotes have nearly all bristles and hairs substituted by double and triple abnormal sockets; veins L4 and L5 fail to reach margin. H16/H lethal, probably in pupal stage; few escapers short lived with extreme Hairless phenotype; all bristles and hairs suppressed or substituted by abnormal sockets; wings reduced; veins L2, L4 and L5 abnormal. H22 Less severe than H16. Almost completely recessive. Heterozygotes most frequently wildtype in phenotype, but occasionally a "double socket" appears on the head in the position of a postvertical macrochaete or on the abdominal tergites. Homozygotes display a much stronger and more extensive mutant phenotype than H null heterozygotes. Many head and notum macrochaetes and approximately 50% of notum microchaetes missing; remaining 50% exhibit a spectrum of "double socket" phenotypes. Homozygotes also exhibit loss of wing vein tissue from L4 and L5. Approximately 50% of flies carrying H22r in trans to a H null allele die as pharate adults. The remainder survive to eclosion, but are short-lived and exhibit extensive loss of both macrochaetes and microchaetes on the head, notum, and abdominal tergites; only 20% of the notum microchaetes remain, all with a completely transformed "double socket" phenotype.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 92F3-92F3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)1058510585 and P{EP}SyndEP409
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 92E12-92E14   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ranz et al., 2001) 92E14-92E15   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Bang, 1992) 92E12-92E14   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Maier et al., 1992) 92E14-92E15   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Bang and Posakony, 1992)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-69.5 (Steinberg, 1937, Oliver, 1939)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\H for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47 DGC clone appears problematic (LD32021): incomplete CDS.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) H-RA FBtr0083914  NM_169907   5919   1077 H-RB FBtr0083915  NM_169909   3884   1059 H-RC FBtr0083917  NM_079694   6004   1059 H-RD FBtr0083916  NM_169908   4255   1077
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.0, 5.3, 5.0, 4.2, 4.0 (northern blot) (Bang and Posakony, 1992) 6, 5.5, 4 (northern blot) (Maier et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein H-PA   FBpp0083322   111.1   1077   10.08     NP_732533   AAF55790 H-PB   FBpp0083323   109.2   1059   10.14     NP_732535   AAF55791 H-PC   FBpp0083325   109.2   1059   10.14     NP_524418   AAN14358 H-PD   FBpp0083324   111.1   1077   10.08     NP_732534   AAN14357
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1076 (aa); 110 (kD) (Maier et al., 1992) 1059 (aa); 109 (kD) (Bang and Posakony, 1992)
Comments	No extensive homology to other protein sequences in the databases was observed. The H protein is highly basic overall but has a >100 aa stretch that is very acidic surrounded by particularly basic regions. Long homopolymeric runs of alanine residues are also present,especially near the carboxy terminus. (Bang and Posakony, 1992) One of a couple of products generated by alternative splicing. (FlyBase, 1992-, FlyBase, 1992-)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201152   AA246810   AA264209   AA391409   AA392099   AA539848   AA541100   AA803215   AA817366   AA820910   AA942085   AA978594   AA979688   AE014297 AAF55790   AE014297 AAF55791   AE014297 AAN14357   AE014297 AAN14358   AI455287   AI512078   AI513463   AI515995   AI533049   AI541843   AI543675   AW943113   AY051806 AAK93230   AY863838   AY863839   AY863840   AY863841   AY863842   AY863843   AY863844   AY863845   AY863846   AY863847   AY863848   AY863849   AY863850   AY863851   AY863852   AY863853   AY863854   AY863855   AY863856   AY863857   AY863858   AY863859   AY863860   BF494187   BI161536   BI163147   BI164299   BI170064   BI170515   BI234593   BI243834   BI354066   BI355266   BI355895   BI636647   BP543064   BT015220 AAT94449   CO177458   CO190055   CO267098   CO267701   CO269148   CO271242   CO271430   CO283709   CO284896   CO298492   CO300188   CO303541   CO308837   CO309374   CO315156   CO315274   CO326130   CO328788   CO329531   EC052696   EC053668   EC060733   EC062573   EC062621   EC062802   EC065691   EC070705   EC072438   EC077800   EC084411   EC199205   EC200206   EC200863   EC208777   EC213257   EC220432   EC225973   EC228816   EC237293   EC237559   EC239353   EC241304   EC243082   EC255655   EC264512   EV578960   M95192 AAA28607   X67239 CAA47664
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q02308
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   cephalic furrow   (Maier et al., 1992) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Maier et al., 1992) anterior embryonic/larval midgut   (Maier et al., 1992) head   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) mesoderm   (Bang and Posakony, 1992, Maier et al., 1992) central nervous system   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) posterior embryonic/larval midgut   (Maier et al., 1992) procephalic segment   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) labral segment   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) embryonic stage | early     (Maier et al., 1992) wandering third instar larval stage   imaginal disc   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) pupal stage | early   epithelial cell of wing disc   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   procephalic segment   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) head   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) central nervous system   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) labral segment   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) mesoderm   (Bang and Posakony, 1992, Maier et al., 1992) anterior embryonic/larval midgut   (Maier et al., 1992) cephalic furrow   (Maier et al., 1992) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Maier et al., 1992) posterior embryonic/larval midgut   (Maier et al., 1992) wandering third instar larval stage   imaginal disc   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) pupal stage P5(ii)   tormogen cell   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) Comment:16 hr APF pupal stage P6 -- pharate adult stage P15   tormogen cell   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) Comment:reference states >16 hr APF adult stage & oogenesis   nurse cell   (Bang and Posakony, 1992) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Maier et al., 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4 -- third instar larval stage   organism | ubiquitous   • nucleus (Maier et al., 1999) organism | ubiquitous   • cytoplasm | faint (Maier et al., 1999) oogenesis   egg chamber   • nucleus (Maier et al., 1999) egg chamber   • cytoplasm | faint (Maier et al., 1999) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
	H protein is found in all cells of all tissues at all stages assayed. (Maier et al., 1999)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    70 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (35) central nervous system, larvae L3  (33) central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (56) ovary, mated 4-day female  (70) testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    70 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    70 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    70 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (35) central nervous system, larvae L3  (33) central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (56) ovary, mated 4-day female  (70) testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    70 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    12 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    11 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    5 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    18 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    70 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    45 embryo 02-04hr    45 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    26 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (45) embryo 02-04hr  (45) embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr  26 embryo 08-10hr  26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    45 embryo 02-04hr    45 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    26 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    45 embryo 02-04hr    45 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    26 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    45 embryo 02-04hr    45 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    26 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (45) embryo 02-04hr  (45) embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr  26 embryo 08-10hr  26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    45 embryo 02-04hr    45 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    26 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    45 embryo 02-04hr    45 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    26 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    4 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H    26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2    27 ovary fGS/OSS    27 ovary OSC    27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H  26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32  (30) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (27) ovary fGS/OSS  (27) ovary OSC  (27) ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H    26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2    27 ovary fGS/OSS    27 ovary OSC    27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H    26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2    27 ovary fGS/OSS    27 ovary OSC    27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H    26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2    27 ovary fGS/OSS    27 ovary OSC    27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H  26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32  30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2  27 ovary fGS/OSS  27 ovary OSC  27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H    26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2    27 ovary fGS/OSS    27 ovary OSC    27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    21 Schneider line 2 Sg4    15 embryonic 1182-4H    26 embryonic GM2    13 embryonic Kc167    16 embryonic S1    23 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    21 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    24 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    20 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    12 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    8 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    12 tumorous blood cells mbn2    27 ovary fGS/OSS    27 ovary OSC    27 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (29) cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (50) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (44) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (29) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (50) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (44) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    29 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_04
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001169 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5460-RB;CG5460-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | recessive H299 H1171 H1997 H3194 lethal | pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HScer\UAS.cGa lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive HE31 lethal | recessive H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H11 H13 H17 H18 H19 H20 H24 H25 H26 H81 H88d H94a H99 H107 H133 H136 HA120 HB8 HB79 Hbob HC21 HC57 HC73 HD179 HM1 HM5 HM6 HM7 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HGD1458 viable HC24 viable, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HΔC.Scer\UAS Other Phenotypes Allele decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HY663A.Scer\UAS decreased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.attB.cMa decreased cell number | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HScer\UAS.cMa decreased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 HScer\UAS.attB.cMa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.cMa increased cell death | larval stage | somatic clone | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP HScer\UAS.cMa increased cell death | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HScer\UAS.cMa size defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.attB.cMa visible H1 H2 H6 H9 H10 H21 HE31 Hunspecified visible, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa HΔC.1062-1076.Scer\UAS HΔG.Scer\UAS HΔGC.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 HC2.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E HC2.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH HScer\UAS.cGa visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.cMa visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HC.Scer\UAS HScer\UAS.cMa HY663A.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB HScer\UAS.cGa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HGD1458 visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 HScer\UAS.cMa visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HScer\UAS.cGa HΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HΔC.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).ASE5 HScer\UAS.cGa visible, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa visible, with Scer\GAL4vg.int2.1 HScer\UAS.cGa visible (with H1) H3 visible (with H3) H1 visible (with H99) HP8 visible (with HP8) H99 visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.attB.cMa visible | dominant H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H11 H12 H13 H15 H18 H20 H25 H81 H88d H94a H99 H107 H133 H136 H299 H1171 H1997 H3194 HA120 HB8 HB79 Hbob HC21 HC57 HC73 HD179 HE31 HM2 HM3 HM4 HP1 HP8 HP41 HP141 Hunspecified visible | heat sensitive HC2.hs Hhs.PB Hhs.PM visible | heat sensitive, with HC2.hs Hhs.PM visible | heat sensitive, with Hhs.PM HC2.hs visible | recessive H2 H16 H21 HE31 visible | recessive | somatic clone HE31 visible | somatic clone HE31 wild-type HC3.hs HHBS Hhs.PB Hhs.PM Phenotype manifest in Allele adult abdominal sensillum HP1 adult abdominal sensillum & sternite HP1 adult cuticle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 HScer\UAS.cMa adult head & macrochaeta HP1 adult head & microchaeta HC24 adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa adult thorax & macrochaeta HP1 adult thorax & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa anterior dorsocentral bristle H11 H6 anterior orbital bristle HE31 chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HGD1458 chaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HΔC.Scer\UAS HΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HScer\UAS.cGa chaeta, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).ASE5 HScer\UAS.cGa chaeta | somatic clone HE31 cone cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HY663A.Scer\UAS cone cell | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HScer\UAS.cMa dorsal hair H1 dorsal mesothoracic disc & cell HA dorsal row & sensory mother cell, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 HScer\UAS.cMa embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 HScer\UAS.cGb embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B HScer\UAS.cGb embryonic hindgut, with Scer\GAL4byn-Gal4 HScer\UAS.cGa eo neuron H21 eo neuron (with H1) H3 HP8 eo neuron (with H3) H1 eo neuron (with HP8) H1 eo sensory structure H2 external sensory organ precursor cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4E(spl)mα-BFM.1.0 HΔC.Scer\UAS HGm.Scer\UAS HScer\UAS.cGa eye H6 H9 eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH HScer\UAS.cGa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.cMa HScer\UAS.attB.cMa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HScer\UAS.cMa HY663A.Scer\UAS HC.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa eye | somatic clone H299 eye disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.cMa eye disc, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa eye disc | larval stage | somatic clone | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP HScer\UAS.cMa eye disc | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU HScer\UAS.cMa haltere, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa head & macrochaeta HP41 head bristle H1 H6 interfollicle cell | somatic clone H25 intestinal stem cell | somatic clone H1 H2 HE31 intestinal stem cell | somatic clone | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4tub.PU HScer\UAS.cUa leg sensillum HP1 macrochaeta H1 H11 H12 H16 H2 H20 H21 H4 H5 H6 HC1.hs HC3.hs HC4.hs HC6.hs HE31 HP8 Hhs.PM Hunspecified macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 HScer\UAS.cMa macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 HScer\UAS.attB.cMa macrochaeta & adult head HC24 macrochaeta & head H2 macrochaeta & scutum H1 H2 macrochaeta | somatic clone HE31 medial triple row HE31 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HGD1458 mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta H1 mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta | somatic clone HE31 microchaeta H1 H11 H12 H16 H4 H5 HE31 microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 HScer\UAS.attB.cMa microchaeta & scutum H1 microchaeta & tormogen cell | conditional ts Hhs.PB microchaeta & trichogen cell H21 microchaeta | heat sensitive Hhs.PB muscle founder cell, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 HScer\UAS.cGb muscle founder cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B HScer\UAS.cGb neuron H2 occipital bristle H1 H11 H12 H4 H5 ocellar bristle H1 H11 H12 H4 H5 HE31 ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF HScer\UAS.cMa peripheral nervous system, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 HScer\UAS.cGb photoreceptor cell | somatic clone H1171 H1997 H299 H3194 posterior crossvein H1 posterior orbital bristle H11 posterior postalar bristle H11 posterior vertical bristle H11 postvertical bristle H1 H11 H12 H4 H5 H6 HP1 presutural bristle H11 scutellar bristle H1 H2 scutum & macrochaeta HP41 sense organ H2 sense organ | adult stage HE31 sensillum campaniformium of anterior crossvein | precursor, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 HScer\UAS.cMa sensillum campaniformium of dorsal radius HC3.hs HDA.hs sensillum campaniformium of dorsal radius, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 HScer\UAS.cMa sensory mother cell (with H1) H3 sensory mother cell (with H3) H1 socket HC1.hs HC3.hs HC4.hs HC6.hs Hhs.PM socket, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HΔC.Scer\UAS HΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HScer\UAS.cGa socket, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).ASE5 HScer\UAS.cGa socket | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 socket | embryonic stage HE31 sternopleural bristle H15 thecogen cell (with H1) HP8 thecogen cell (with HP8) H1 thecogen cell | ectopic H21 thecogen cell | ectopic (with H1) H3 thecogen cell | ectopic (with H3) H1 tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB HScer\UAS.cGa tormogen cell | ectopic H21 HE31 tormogen cell | ectopic (with H1) H3 tormogen cell | ectopic (with H3) H1 tormogen cell | ectopic (with H99) HP8 tormogen cell | ectopic (with HP8) H99 tracheal branch primordium, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS HScer\UAS.cHa tracheal branch primordium, with Scer\GAL4tracheal HScer\UAS.cHa trichogen cell H21 HE31 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 trichogen cell (with H99) HP8 trichogen cell (with HP8) H99 trichogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4E(spl)mα-BFM.1.0 HScer\UAS.cGa trichogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB HScer\UAS.cGa trichogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 HΔC.Scer\UAS HΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 HScer\UAS.cGa trichogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).ASE5 HScer\UAS.cGa upper humeral bristle H11 HP1 wing HP1 wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 HC2.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E HC2.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 HScer\UAS.cMa wing, with Scer\GAL4T113 HScer\UAS.cGa wing, with Scer\GAL4vg.int2.1 HScer\UAS.cGa wing & macrochaeta HC3.hs Hhs.PM wing & microchaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E HC2.Scer\UAS wing | heat sensitive HC2.hs Hhs.PM wing | heat sensitive, with HC2.hs Hhs.PM wing | heat sensitive, with Hhs.PM HC2.hs wing blade, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa wing disc, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa wing disc, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 HScer\UAS.cGa wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 HScer\UAS.attB.cMa wing margin, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa HΔC.1062-1076.Scer\UAS HΔG.Scer\UAS HΔGC.Scer\UAS HY663A.Scer\UAS wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa wing vein H11 H2 HC2.hs HC3.hs HE31 HP41 Hhs.PM Hunspecified wing vein, with Scer\GAL4bi-md653 HScer\UAS.cMa HΔC.1062-1076.Scer\UAS HΔG.Scer\UAS HΔGC.Scer\UAS wing vein | cell autonomous | somatic clone HE31 wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 HC2.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E HC2.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic | heat sensitive HC2.hs Hhs.PM wing vein | ectopic | heat sensitive, with HC2.hs Hhs.PM wing vein | ectopic | heat sensitive, with Hhs.PM HC2.hs wing vein L2 H1 H10 H16 H2 H4 HP1 wing vein L2 | heat sensitive HC2.hs wing vein L3 H6 wing vein L4 H1 H16 H2 H4 H6 HC24 HP1 wing vein L5 H1 H12 H16 H2 H4 H6 HC21 HC24 HC57 HC73 HE31 HP1 HP141
Classical Alleles ( 85 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of H Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion H1 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 23 Yes H2 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 8 Yes HA P-element activity 3 Yes H3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 2 Yes H25 X ray 2 Yes HCB-5704-3 1 -- HEY03696 P-element activity 1 -- H18 amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes H20 amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes H99 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes HE31 amorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity Delta2-3 0 Yes HP41 amorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes HP8 amorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes H+hs 0 -- H107 X ray 0 Yes H10 X ray 0 -- H1171 0 -- H11 32P 0 -- H12 gamma ray 0 -- H133 X ray 0 Yes H136 X ray 0 Yes H13 X ray 0 Yes H14 gamma ray 0 -- H15 spontaneous 0 -- H16 spontaneous 0 -- H17 gamma ray 0 -- H1997 0 -- H19 gamma ray 0 -- H21 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes H21C 0 -- H23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- H24 X ray 0 -- H26 X ray 0 -- H299 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- H3194 0 -- H4 spontaneous 0 -- H5 X ray 0 -- H6 X ray 0 -- H7 X ray 0 -- H81 0 -- H88d ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes H8 X ray 0 -- H94a P-element activity 0 Yes H9 X ray 0 -- HA120 P-element activity 0 Yes HB21 0 -- HB55 0 -- HB79 0 -- HB8 P-element activity 0 Yes Hbob ethyl nitrosourea 0 Yes HC21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Hc23 0 -- HC24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HC57 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HC73 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HD179 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 Yes HD9 0 -- HDEB1 0 -- HDMu4 diepoxybutane 0 -- HE21 0 -- HE222-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HE276-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HE311-4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HKX1M X ray 0 -- HM1 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HM2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- HM3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- HM4 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- HM5 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- HM6 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HM7 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl nitrosourea 0 -- HP141 0 -- HP1 32P 0 -- HP81 0 -- HPFE-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HPGE-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HPGE-4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HPGE-6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HSDS-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- HSLS-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Hunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane X ray 0 -- Hwa 0 -- HX200-1 X ray 0 -- HX234-4 X ray 0 -- HX257-3 X ray 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 43 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of H Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion H+tLa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 2 Yes HHBS in vitro construct - genomic fragment 2 Yes HGD1458 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HHMS01182 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HJF02624 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HAct5C.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HC1.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HC2.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HC2.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HC3.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HC4.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HC6.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HCC.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HCfs.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HCG.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HCX.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HDA.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HGm.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes HGm.ΔC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Hhs.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Hhs.PM in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HKK104341 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HLD.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes HN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes HScer\UAS.attB.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HScer\UAS.cGb in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HScer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HScer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HScer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 -- HY663A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HΔ1.2.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HΔ1.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HΔ2.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HΔ3.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HΔC.1062-1076.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes HΔC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HΔG.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HΔGC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes HΔNT.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)H81 (Maier et al., 1992) Df(3R)H89c.27 (Maier et al., 1992) Df(3R)HKX2 (Maier et al., 1992) Df(3R)H-B79 (Bang et al., 1991, Maier et al., 1992) Df(3R)Pi3K92EA (Weinkove et al., 1999, Weinkove et al., 1999) Df(3R)Pi3K92E-B (Weinkove et al., 1999) In(3R)H88d (Maier et al., 1992) T(Y;3)H58b (Ives, 1959)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)O5 (Ashburner, 1982) T(2;3)H-169 (Maier et al., 1992)
Duplicated in	Dp(3;3)H+ (Vassin et al., 1985)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1458} NA P{KK104341} NA P{TRiP.HMS01182} NA P{TRiP.JF02624} NA P{UAS-H.attB.M} NA P{UAS-H.C} NA P{UAS-H.dsRNA} NA P{UAS-H.GC} NA P{UAS-H.Gm.ΔC} NA P{UAS-H.Gm} NA P{UAS-H.LD} NA P{UAS-H.U} NA P{UAS-H.Y663A} NA P{UAS-H.ΔC.1062-1076} NA P{UAS-H.ΔG} NA P{UAS-H.ΔGC} NA P{UAS-H.ΔNT} NA characterization construct P{H+tLa} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions copia{}H1 NA H{}HB8 NA P{3'lacW}HE31 NA P{RS3}HCB-5704-3 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}HEY03696 NA P{GSV1}EP-M68EP-M68 NA P{GSV1}GSd317GSd317 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}HD179 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
transcription corepressor activity inferred from direct assay (Brou et al., 1994)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Nagel et al., 2005) imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Nagel et al., 2005) lateral inhibition inferred from mutant phenotype (Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009) negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with N AND traceable author statement (Bailey and Posakony, 1995) regulation of cell death inferred from mutant phenotype (Protzer et al., 2008) sensory organ boundary specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Nagel et al., 2000) sensory organ precursor cell fate determination inferred from mutant phenotype (Castro et al., 2005) inferred from mutant phenotype AND traceable author statement (Bailey and Posakony, 1995) somatic stem cell maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Bardin et al., 2010) wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Koelzer and Klein, 2006)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway traceable author statement (Kadesch, 2000) Notch signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Majumdar et al., 1997)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1994.2.1) traceable author statement (Majumdar et al., 1997)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
H - Su(H) two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Kurth et al., 2011, Maier et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions H allele Gene References H1 Dl (Schultz, 1929, Sun and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1996, Jacobsen et al., 1998) ed (Rawlins et al., 2003) mam (Helms et al., 1999) N (Lyman and Yedvobnick, 1995) nmo (Verheyen et al., 2001) Ser (Sun and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1996) Su(dx) (Fostier et al., 1998) Su(H) (O'Donnell et al., 1977, Furukawa et al., 1992, Fortini and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1994, Verheyen et al., 1996) H2 amos (Villa-Cuesta et al., 2003) Dl (Dietrich and Campos-Ortega, 1984) dx (Nagel et al., 2000) E(spl)m4-BFM (Apidianakis et al., 1999) ed (Escudero et al., 2003) Egfr (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990) Hsc70-4 (Hing et al., 1999) kuz (Sotillos et al., 1997) neur (Dietrich and Campos-Ortega, 1984) Snr1 (Marenda et al., 2004) Su(H) (Schweisguth and Posakony, 1992) H3 WASp (Ben-Yaacov et al., 2001) H12 Dl (Ives, 1959) H17 Brd (Bang et al., 1991) H18 Brd (Bang et al., 1991) H19 Brd (Bang et al., 1991) H20 Brd (Bang et al., 1991) H21 Brd (Bang et al., 1991) gro (Barolo et al., 2002) H99 numb (Nagel et al., 2000) sno (Coyle-Thompson and Banerjee, 1993) H299 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) H1171 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) H1997 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) H3194 ro (Chanut et al., 2000) HB21 numb (Wang et al., 1997) HB55 numb (Wang et al., 1997) HC2.hs aop (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) boss (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) bs (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) cno (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) cv-d (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) CycB3 (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) Dad (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) dpp (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) Egfr (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) emc (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) gro (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) heix (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) hv (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) lace (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) mam (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) N (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) net (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) neur (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) px (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) rho (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) S (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) sax (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) vn (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) HC2.Scer\UAS rho (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) HC6.hs Su(H) (Morel et al., 2001) HC21 Egfr (Price et al., 1997) gro (Price et al., 1997) N (Price et al., 1997) Su(H) (Price et al., 1997) vn (Price et al., 1997) HC24 Egfr (Price et al., 1997) N (Price et al., 1997) Su(H) (Price et al., 1997) HC57 Egfr (Price et al., 1997) N (Price et al., 1997) Su(H) (Price et al., 1997) HC73 Egfr (Price et al., 1997) N (Price et al., 1997) Su(H) (Price et al., 1997) HD9 numb (Wang et al., 1997) HDEB1 numb (Wang et al., 1997) HDMu4 pb (Boube et al., 1998) HE21 Amun (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) CG12084 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) CG42709 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) emc (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) EP383 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) EP596 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) EP639 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) EP1408 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) Gli (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) insc (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) lolal (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) MESR4 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) ppo (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) spen (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) trbl (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) HE31 ap (Klein et al., 2000) CG6194 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) CtBP (Barolo et al., 2002) E(spl)m8-HLH (Lai et al., 1998) eyg (Chao et al., 2004) gro (Barolo et al., 2002) N (Barolo et al., 2002) neur (Lai and Rubin, 2001) pb (Boube et al., 1998) Prosβ2 (Schweisguth, 1999) Prosβ6 (Schweisguth, 1999) Psn (Klein et al., 2000) rg (Shamloula et al., 2002) sno (Majumdar et al., 1997) Hhs.PB N (Lyman and Yedvobnick, 1995, Schweisguth et al., 1996) Su(H) (Morel et al., 2001) sv (Kavaler et al., 1999) HP8 numb (Nagel et al., 2000) HScer\UAS.cGa eyg (Chao et al., 2004) mam (Helms et al., 1999) HScer\UAS.cGb N (Giebel, 1999) HScer\UAS.cHa Su(H) (Furriols and Bray, 2000) HScer\UAS.cNa fred (Chandra et al., 2003) rho (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) Hunspecified hrg (Murata et al., 1996) N (Mari-Beffa et al., 1991) Su(H) (Morel and Schweisguth, 2000) unspecified 14-3-3ζ (Mueller et al., 2005) amn (Mueller et al., 2005) Amun (Mueller et al., 2005) aop (Mueller et al., 2005) Arl1 (Mueller et al., 2005) B (Mueller et al., 2005) ban (Mueller et al., 2005) baz (Mueller et al., 2005) bchs (Mueller et al., 2005) brm (Mueller et al., 2005) bsk (Mueller et al., 2005) CASK (Mueller et al., 2005) cbx (Mueller et al., 2005) CG5261 (Mueller et al., 2005) CG5986 (Mueller et al., 2005) CG8788 (Mueller et al., 2005) CG11779 (Mueller et al., 2005) CG32521 (Mueller et al., 2005) ckd (Mueller et al., 2005) CkIα (Mueller et al., 2005) cnk (Mueller et al., 2005) Cul-4 (Mueller et al., 2005) CycB (Mueller et al., 2005) dap (Mueller et al., 2005) Dl (Vassin et al., 1985, Mueller et al., 2005) dsh (Mueller et al., 2005) Dsp1 (Mueller et al., 2005) dve (Mueller et al., 2005) E(spl)m8-HLH (Vassin et al., 1985) eca (Mueller et al., 2005) ed (Mueller et al., 2005) Egfr (Mueller et al., 2005) Eip78C (Mueller et al., 2005) elB (Mueller et al., 2005) EP1410 (Mueller et al., 2005) EP1595 (Mueller et al., 2005) EP3104 (Mueller et al., 2005) esg (Mueller et al., 2005) ft (Mueller et al., 2005) grim (Mueller et al., 2005) hep (Mueller et al., 2005) Hr4 (Mueller et al., 2005) if (Mueller et al., 2005) Imp (Mueller et al., 2005) insv (Reeves and Posakony, 2005) kay (Mueller et al., 2005) kibra (Mueller et al., 2005) klu (Mueller et al., 2005) l(1)sc (Rottgen et al., 1998) l(2)k10113 (Mueller et al., 2005) lap (Mueller et al., 2005) lbk (Norga et al., 2003) lilli (Mueller et al., 2005) lola (Mueller et al., 2005) M(3)x   Men (Mueller et al., 2005) mew (Mueller et al., 2005) msn (Mueller et al., 2005) N (House, 1959, Vassin et al., 1985, Go et al., 1998, Go and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1998, Fostier et al., 1998, Mueller et al., 2005) Nab2 (Mueller et al., 2005) nej (Mueller et al., 2005) nuf (Mueller et al., 2005) p53 (Mueller et al., 2005) pnt (Mueller et al., 2005) Psn (Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Mahoney et al., 2006) puc (Mueller et al., 2005) pzg (Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Mueller et al., 2005) qsm (Mueller et al., 2005) Rac2 (Mueller et al., 2005) RapGAP1 (Mueller et al., 2005) ras (Mueller et al., 2005) Rga (Mueller et al., 2005) rho (Sturtevant and Bier, 1995, Mueller et al., 2005) Rho1 (Mueller et al., 2005) rok (Mueller et al., 2005) Rpd3 (Mueller et al., 2005) rpr (Mueller et al., 2005) sd (Mueller et al., 2005) Sec61α (Mueller et al., 2005) Ser (Go et al., 1998, Mueller et al., 2005) Smr (Mueller et al., 2005) so (Mueller et al., 2005) sty (Mueller et al., 2005) Su(H) (Schweisguth et al., 1996, Mueller et al., 2005) th (Mueller et al., 2005) tkv (Mueller et al., 2005) tlk (Mueller et al., 2005) trbl (Mueller et al., 2005) tutl (Mueller et al., 2005) wdb (Mueller et al., 2005) α4GT1 (Mueller et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 67421 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001169 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 42445 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • Q02308
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (44) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6C88C3 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG644KTN Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6BG7R7 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG66DJJ0 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6C2W3Q
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6C88C3)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\H     Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\wapl     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\wapl   Y Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM18914   Y Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG12647   Y Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24033 Y Y Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE25676 Y Y Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE16974   Y Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF21205   Y Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA22787   Y Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL15155   Y Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK25084   Y Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ14769   Y Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI15331   Y Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH17241   Y Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH24391   Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG644KTN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL002532 Y Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP000783 Y Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ018684 Y
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6BG7R7)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB53089 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG018401 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH18231 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19505 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21209 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL23656 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH15902 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB18958 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14714 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI003793 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA006491 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM126310 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\wapl Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG66DJJ0)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\matK Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW011681 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6C2W3Q)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\wapl-1 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_022950gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000044144 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\zgc:171432 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\wapal Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\WAPAL Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Wapal Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\LOC290577 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000023421 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000062650 Y
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000062650
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD19363 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM23125 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24033 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE25676 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF16685 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA18895 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL27343 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK22460 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ22944 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI10588 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH17206
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 44 )
Bloomington	517 H2/MKRS 5440 Df(3R)ME61, H1/TM6 515 H1/In(3R)C, e1 1698 H1 Pr1 Bsb1/TM6 4346 Coa1 Ki1 H2/TM1 516 H1 Pr1/In(3R)C, e1
Kyoto	108236 Df(3R)ME61, H1/TM6 123767 w1118; P{RS3}HCB-5704-3 106459 H1 Pr1 Bsb1/TM6 107696 Coa1 Ki1 H2/TM1 105957 H2/T(2;3)apXa, apXa
VDRC	v24466 w1118; P{GD1458}v24466
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR13J19 BACR26M03 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 77 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD32021 RE41617
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT02620 GM10410 GM26162 GM30155 GM32824 LD03814 LD05983 LD07888 LD09807 LD12456 LD19122 LD20895 LD23363 LD24846 LD26119 LD41725 LD43768 LD45744 RE01034 RE02478 RE03951 RE11412 RE12004 RE30319 SD04734 SD07671 SD10547 SD18391
Other clones	21152 31011 34372 38365 55449 56206 57414 58905 66426 83476 108285 119950 121778 158016 190928 214381.66 522101 CK01.3D.D8 CK01.57A.C12 CK01.104A.C4 CK01.123A.H3 CK01.131C.G9 CK01.168C.G9 Dmel_dig_015416_0700_1040 EC052696 EC053668 EK046233 EK053603 EK093730 EK102525 EK103425 EK148727 EK151541 EK164135 EK167422 EK173127 EK177549 EK217444 EK239532 EK241964 EK259502 EK260864 EK291419 EK293044 EP03301 FGC018D11 LD22628
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001169 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 42445
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: H CG5460 (Gong, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility). (Cook et al., 2012) H protein opposes N pathway activity by acting as an adaptor between Su(H) protein and the corepressors gro and CtBP. (Barolo et al., 2002) H is required to repress the transcription of sim. (Morel et al., 2001) H forms DNA bound complex with Su(H). (Morel et al., 2001) gro and H both act to restrict neuronal cell fate in the retina. (Chanut et al., 2000) gro and H control different aspects of ato's complex expression pattern. H represses ato expression in territories far ahead of the morphogenetic furrow, while behind the morphogenetic furrow H ensures the timely selection of regularly spaced R8 precursors, presumably by modulating N signaling. (Chanut et al., 2000) The activation of Su(H) by N involves the release of Su(H) from an inhibitory complex which contains H. (Klein et al., 2000) The Su(H) phenotype is epistatic to that of H during wing disc development. (Klein et al., 2000) H influences the whole of the sensory organ cell lineage. (Nagel et al., 2000) Subcellular localisation of H protein shows a major focus of activity within the nucleus. (Maier et al., 1999) Candidate gene for quantitative trait (QTL) locus determining bristle number. (Nuzhdin et al., 1999) Seven EMS-induced mutations have been isolated that suppress the bristle and wing vein phenotypes of NAx-16. The mutants are apparently duplications of the H locus. (Go and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1998) H acts by inhibiting signal transduction rather than by promoting signal production, during both selection of microchaete precursors in the notum and vein cell differentiation in the wing. H plays no essential role during embryogenesis. (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) Definitive denticle belt phenotypes (abnormal hairs and/or bristles) are foreshadowed by abnormal organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in embryonic epidermal cells. (Dickinson and Thatcher, 1997) Structure-function analysis of H demonstrates the protein can be subdivided into the absolutely essential Su(H)-binding domain, important N- and C- terminal domains and a central antimorphic domain. (Maier et al., 1997) A screen to isolate mutations that cause dominant enhancement of wing vein phenotypes associated with Egfr recovered mutations in H. (Price et al., 1997) Loss of function mutations of H and the AS-C are epistatic to Brd. (Leviten and Posakony, 1996) Mutations show strong interactions with high and low selection lines, abdominal and sternopleural bristle numbers are affected. Results suggest H is a candidate for bristle number quantitative trait loci (QTL) in natural populations or is in the same genetic pathway. (Long et al., 1996) N, H and Su(H) exhibit dose-dependent genetic interactions. (Schweisguth et al., 1996) H promotes stable commitment to the sensory organ precursor cell fate by negatively regulating the activity of the N signalling pathway. (Bang et al., 1995) Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins and the yeast two hybrid system demonstrate the H protein can inhibit the in vitro DNA binding activity of Su(H) through direct protein-protein interactions. Co-transfection assays in S2 cells demonstrate transcriptional activation driven by Su(H) is also inhibited by H. (Lecourtois et al., 1995) N receptor activity suppresses H function during adult external sense organ development. H activity insulates sensory organ precursor cells from inhibition by N. H function appears to be an integral negative regulatory element of the N signalling pathway. (Lyman and Yedvobnick, 1995) Overexpression of a wild type construct causes premature lethality and gain of function phenotypes, at ambient temperature it still rescues the dominant loss of function phenotypes. Mutant derivatives have allowed separation of a lethally mutable domain from a neural domain required for sensory organ formation. (Maier et al., 1995) In vitro binding assays demonstrate the H gene product can inhibit the DNA binding of Su(H) through direct protein-protein interactions. Consistent with this, transcriptional activation driven by Su(H) in transfected S2 cells is inhibited by H. These results support a model in which H acts, in part, as a negative regulator of Su(H) activity. (Brou et al., 1994) The phenotypes of the Abruptex class of N allele are modified by mutations at Ser, Dl, H and gro. (de Celis and Garcia-Bellido, 1994) Decreasing or increasing the level of Su(H) function confers mutant phenotypes that closely resemble those associated with gain and loss of H activity, respectively. (Schweisguth and Posakony, 1994) NM1 defines a new class of Notch allele: similarity with and lack of specificity of interaction of N- and NM1 with H, mam, gro and E(spl) suggest that the NM1 effect is due to modification in the intracellular signalling of the activated N receptor. (de Celis et al., 1993) Dominant lethal interaction of an allele of H with kniri-92f reported: transheterozygotes are never recovered. (FlyBase, 1993) The H gene product is involved in the early nervous system differentiation and counteracts the action of other neurogenic genes. (Maier et al., 1993) Whereas H mutant alleles cause trichogen to tormogen double socket phenotype, heat shock ectopic Hairless-expression experiments produce double shaft tormogen to trichogen transformation, and bristle multiplication/loss phenotype similar to those caused by loss of function Notch mutations. Sensory organ precursor cell fate may require H to antagonise neurogenic gene functions and expression of distinct trichogen/tormogen sister cell pair may depend on asymmetry of H+ activity or their response to it. H has been cloned beginning with plasmid rescue of the insertion in HD179. Heat shock driven H+ line has been generated that rescues mutant H alleles. Mutant phenotype and expression studies suggest that neither fine spatial/temporal regulation nor high levels of H transcription are required for normal H function. (Bang and Posakony, 1992) A screen that identified Dominant suppressors of the wing phenotype associated with Dl9P and DlFE32 identified 12 new H alleles. (Klein and Campos-Ortega, 1992) In H mutants, neuronal precursors do not differentiate: H may be involved in specifying neuronal cell fate. H mutations show genetic interactions with neurogenic mutations. (Maier et al., 1992) Genetic and molecular study of H function reveals that H is one of a small number of genes for which the loss of function phenotype is the failure of sensillum precursor development. (Bang et al., 1991) Lack-of-function alleles of H correct ASC "Hw" phenotypes in both ectopic and normal positions. (de Celis et al., 1991) emcD has synergistic interactions with H alleles and mutual rescuing with Dl alleles. The NAx-1, NAx-M2 and NAx-M3 alleles increase the phenotype of H alleles. (Mari-Beffa et al., 1991) H is an enhancer of spl alleles of N: due to the haploinsufficiency of the H locus. (Brand and Campos-Ortega, 1990) Mutations in H cause pleiotropic phenotypes in embryonic patterns and affect several longitudinal veins. (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990) H dominantly suppresses the dx adult wing and ocelli phenotypes. Flies heterozygous for H and homozygous for dxENU have eyes smaller than wild type, infrequent missing or duplicated bristle phenotype and ommatidia are square wih a bristle at each corner. (Xu and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1990) ve, vn, ci, cg, svs, ast, H, Vno and vvl belong to the vein phenotypic group (Puro, 1982, Droso. Info. Serv. 58:205--208) within the 'lack-of-vein' mutant class. Loss-of-function alleles at these loci remove stretches of veins in two or more longitudinal veins. Double mutations within members of this group remove all veins, have smaller, slightly lanceolate wings, no sensilla and extra chaetae. Some alleles are embryonic lethal. (Diaz-Benjumea et al., 1989) A study of the interactions between N, Dl, H and E(spl) suggest that the effects of H, Dl and E(spl) on N are allele specific and occurring at the protein level. (Siren and Portin, 1989) Functional relationships between neurogenic genes has been studied. (de la Concha et al., 1988) Bristles, especially postverticals and abdominals, missing in heterozygous H flies. Bristle sockets present at some sites, not at others. Expressed most distinctly on head; occipital; postvertical and ocellar bristles affected. Bristles of antennae and vibrissae show mutant phenotype much less frequently. Sockets without shafts also found on thorax, scutellum, abdominal tergites, external genitalia, wings, and legs. No shaftless sockets appear on the bracted costa of the wing. Some 40% of bristle organs located on distal part of femur differentiate neither shaft nor bract; bracts absent whenever shaft missing but present when shaft present; abnormally short shaft may be accompanied by normal-sized bract (from description of H2, by Tobler, Rothenbuhler and Nothiger (1973). Veins L4 and L5 do not reach wing margin; occasionally true of L2 also. Eyes larger than wild type; body color somewhat paler. Lees and Waddington (1942) show that trichogen cell forms a socket instead of a bristle shaft at some sites. Phenotypic expression of H responds linearly to dosage of Su(H)+ in region 35B6-10 on the left arm of chromosome 2. The number of microchaetae in H/+ flies varies from approximately 35 in the presence of a single dose of 35B6-10 to fewer than 10 in the presence of four doses (Ashburner, 1982). Interactions with other mutants studied by House (House, 1953a; House 1953b; House, 1959a; House, 1955; House, 1959b). H suppresses wing notching of N, fa, Nnd-3 and nd, enhances Ax; also H enhances eye effect of spl and removes more bristles in combination with spl (House, Von Halle). Reduction in the number of copies of the wild-type allele of H decreases the mutant phenotype of heterozygous N and Dl flies, but increase in the number of copies of the wild-type allele of H enhances the mutant phenotype of heterozygous N, Dl and E(spl) flies (Vassin, Vielmetter and Campos-Ortega, 1985). H shows some superadditive interaction with en, ci, ciW and ciD relative to degree of L4 interruption. L2 interruption augmented in combinations with ve and ri; L3 interruption augmented in combinations with ve and tt. Triploid, H/+/+, intermediate between wild type and H/+. H/H/+ most extreme type with bristles absent from head, thorax and abdomen (Gowen, 1933). Homozygous lethal. H null homozygotes die during larval and pupal stages (Bang, Hartenstein and Posakony, 1991). Animals surviving to pharate adult are completely devoid of macrochaetes and microchaetes on the head and notum, with occasional 'double sockets' remaining on the abdominal tergites. Bristles on the legs significantly resistant to loss of H+ function; many 'double sockets' and some normal bristles remain on the legs of H null homozygotes. In regions of the notum exhibiting bristle 'loss' in adult H mutants, macrochaete and microchaete primary precursor cells undetectable (Bang, Hartenstein and Posakony, 1991).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079694 NM_169907 NM_169908 NM_169909 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524418 NP_732533 NP_732534 NP_732535 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA978594 AAA28607 AAF55790 AAF55791 AAK93230 AAN14357 AAN14358 AAT94449 AW943113 AY051806 AY863838 AY863839 AY863840 AY863841 AY863842 AY863843 AY863844 AY863845 AY863846 AY863847 AY863848 AY863849 AY863850 AY863851 AY863852 AY863853 AY863854 AY863855 AY863856 AY863857 AY863858 AY863859 AY863860 BI243834 BT015220 CAA47664 M95192 X67239 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 42445 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q02308
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 67421 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001169 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001169 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001169 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5460-RB;CG5460-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001169 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 42445 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /hjmuller/hairles1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 42445 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001169 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • Q02308
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 5 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG5460 (Molnar et al., 2006, Haussmann et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) H (Sun et al., 2012, Harding-Theobald et al., 2007.2.6, Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Wesley and Mok, 2003, Mahoney et al., 2006, Schreiber et al., 2002, Thomas and van Meyel, 2007, Gim et al., 2001, Mueller et al., 2006, Nagel et al., 2005, Molnar et al., 2006, Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Wech and Nagel, 2005, Tang et al., 2005, Maier et al., 2008, Minidorff et al., 2007, Domanitskaya and Schüpbach, 2012, Orme et al., 2006, Leevers, 2008.10.20, Bejarano et al., 2008, Guan et al., 2011, Minidorff et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2011, Maier et al., 2011, Protzer et al., 2009, Zhou et al., 2011, Hazelett et al., 2012, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Araujo et al., 2007, Hayashi et al., 2008, Parks et al., 2008, Protzer et al., 2008, Olswang-Kutz et al., 2009, Mao and Freeman, 2009, Ayroles et al., 2009, Benítez et al., 2009, Martin et al., 2007, Stern et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10, Williams et al., 2006, Copley, 2005, Moshkin et al., 2009, Haussmann et al., 2008, van Steensel et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Herranz et al., 2006, Weinmaster, 1997, Bardin et al., 2010, Walrad et al., 2011, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Yatsu et al., 2008, Pilgram et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Nagel and Preiss, 2011, Nagel et al., 2007, Tsubota et al., 2011, Cook et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	hairless (Kadesch, 2000, Preiss, 1992.7.9, Guan et al., 2011) Hairless (Wesley and Mok, 2003, Negeri et al., 2007, Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Thomas and van Meyel, 2007, Gim et al., 2001, Mueller et al., 2006, Nagel et al., 2005, Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Maier et al., 2008, Leevers, 2008.10.24, Maier et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2011, Duan et al., 2011, Stacey et al., 2010, Kurth et al., 2011, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Araujo et al., 2007, Grammont, 2007, Hayashi et al., 2008, Parks et al., 2008, Olswang-Kutz et al., 2009, Mao and Freeman, 2009, Mok et al., 2005, Martin et al., 2007, Stern et al., 2009, Herranz et al., 2006, Fontana and Posakony, 2009, Hall et al., 2004, Williams et al., 2006, Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, Moshkin et al., 2009, Saj et al., 2010, Liefke et al., 2010, Weinmaster, 1997, Rouault et al., 2010, Bardin et al., 2010, Mourikis et al., 2010) Hairy (van Steensel et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 326 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 326 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 212 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 22 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 61 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 4 )
Recent research papers ( 18 )
	Cook et al., 2012, Genome Biol. 13(3): R21 The generation of chromosomal deletions to provide extensive coverage and subdivision of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. [FBrf0219066] Domanitskaya and Schüpbach, 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(2): 399--410 CoREST acts as a positive regulator of Notch signaling in the follicle cells of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217558] Hazelett et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(7): 789--802 Comparison of Parallel High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Between Knockout of TDP-43 and Its Overexpression Reveals Primarily Nonreciprocal and Nonoverlapping Gene Expression Changes in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila. [FBrf0219102] Miller et al., 2012, J. Neurogenet. 26(3-4): 317--327 A mutation in Drosophila Aldolase Causes Temperature-Sensitive Paralysis, Shortened Lifespan, and Neurodegeneration. [FBrf0220234] Sharp and Agrawal, 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(16): 6142--6146 Evidence for elevated mutation rates in low-quality genotypes. [FBrf0218045] Sun et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(2): e1002515 Neurophysiological Defects and Neuronal Gene Deregulation in Drosophila mir-124 Mutants. [FBrf0217508] Cave et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(1): 22--29 Differential Regulation of Transcription through Distinct Suppressor of Hairless DNA Binding Site Architectures during Notch Signaling in Proneural Clusters. [FBrf0212524] Duan et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(15): 3120--3133 Insensitive is a corepressor for Suppressor of Hairless and regulates Notch signalling during neural development. [FBrf0214638] Guan et al., 2011, Learn. Mem. 18(4): 191--206 Altered gene regulation and synaptic morphology in Drosophila learning and memory mutants. [FBrf0213277] Johnson et al., 2011, Development 138(21): 4627--4638 JAK/Stat signaling regulates heart precursor diversification in Drosophila. [FBrf0216404] Kurth et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e27986 Molecular analysis of the notch repressor-complex in Drosophila: characterization of potential hairless binding sites on suppressor of hairless. [FBrf0216786] Maier et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(17): 3242--3252 Structural and functional analysis of the repressor complex in the Notch signaling pathway of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0215044] Nagel and Preiss, 2011, Hereditas 148(3): 77--84 Fine tuning of Notch signaling by differential co-repressor recruitment during eye development of Drosophila. [FBrf0214356] Pilgram et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(2): 492--500 The RhoGAP crossveinless-c Interacts with Dystrophin and Is Required for Synaptic Homeostasis at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction. [FBrf0212767] Rotstein et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(12): e28985 Tramtrack is genetically upstream of genes controlling tracheal tube size in Drosophila. [FBrf0217085] Tsubota et al., 2011, Fly 5(4): 275--284 Interactions between enhancer of rudimentary and Notch and deltex reveal a regulatory function of enhancer of rudimentary in the Notch signaling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217950] Walrad et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(8): 1364--1374 Hairless is a cofactor for Runt-dependent transcriptional regulation. [FBrf0213441] Zhou et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(6): 2349--2354 Experimental selection of hypoxia-tolerant Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213011] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...