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Gene Dmel\hb

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\hb	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	hunchback	Annotation symbol	CG9786
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001180
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	33 publicly available
Also Known As	Rg-pbx
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-48
Cytogenetic map	85A5-85A5	Sequence location	3R:4,516,702..4,523,544 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene hunchback is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\hb (CG9786, FBgn0001180). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity; RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification; torso signaling pathway; terminal region determination; neuroblast fate determination; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. 125 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: multicellular structure; organ system; embryonic/larval neuron; thoracic segment; organ system subdivision; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; extended germ band embryo; pharyngeal sclerite; anatomical structure; embryonic thoracic segment. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain; Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624490_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of hb. Gene sequence location is 3R:4516702..4523544.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	hb: hunchback Homozygotes for null alleles of hb (class I alleles of Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard) are embryonic lethals of the gap type. Gastrulation abnormal; no cephalic fold; cell death evident at 6 hr later becoming extensive, predominantly in the neuroectoderm; germ band extension curtailed at 50% of embryonic length. After germ band shortening embryos lack thoracic and labial segments; cephalopharyngeal skeleton present but poorly formed; head involution fails. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments fused by the deletion of parasegment 13; A1 segment 1.5 times normal width, with eight to ten deranged denticle rows compared to the normal number of four, and a widened region of naked cuticle. Filzkorper material reduced; posterior spiracles fail to evert. Three ventral ganglia absent; gap appears between suboesophogeal region of ventral nerve cord and more posterior trunk ganglia. Extreme mutants display a reduced number of stripes of ftz expression at cellular blastoderm; the first stripe is widened and followed by a narrowed gap of nonexpression preceding the second stripe; the last pair of stripes are fused (Carroll and Scott, 1986, Cell 45: 113-26). Hypomorphic alleles display variably less severe disruption depending on allele (hbDrv6 = hbb2 = hbe21 > hbb7 > hbDrv9), the least severe, hbDrv9 lacking only T2. Class II alleles (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard) resemble the null alleles except that some or all of the prothorax and A7 are retained. The class III allele retains the labial segment as well. Class IV alleles lack only the mesothoracic segment. Class V mutants exhibit segment transformations as well as gaps and are described separately below. Temperature sensitive period of hbts1 during first four hr of development. hb/+ offspring produced from homozygous oogenic clones develop normally; homozygous embryos resulting from such clones display enhanced zygotic phenotype; gnathal, thoracic, and the first three abdominal segments replaced by two or three segments of abdominal identity in mirror image relation to the more posterior abdominal segments; weak alleles without maternal effect; extra doses of hb+ in female without effect on phenotype of hb offspring. The anterior zone of hb expression extended posteriorly by six additional cells in the absence of Kr+; conversely the zone of Kr expression expanded anteriorly by six to eight cells in hb mutants; posterior zone appears insensitive to Kr constitution (Jackle, Tautz, Schuh, Seifert, and Lehmann, 1986, Nature 324: 668-70). hb+ appears to set the boundaries of Ubx expression (White and Lehmann, 1986, Cell 47: 311-21); zone of Ubx expression expanded in both anterior and posterior directions in hb mutant embryos at the stage of full germ band elongation; segmental disposition of expression characteristically deranged prior to the advent of cell death. Although Ubx expression in the ventral nerve chord at the stage of fully shortened germ band extends from parasegments 5-13, Ubx protein detected in parasegments 1, 7-12 and 14 in hb12, 3 and 7-14 in hb1, and head to parasegment 1 plus parasegments 7-12 and 14 in hb7 (White and Lehmann). Phenotypic effects of ftz and hb in double mutants additive in thorax and anterior abdomen, but more severe than expected in head and posterior regions. hb6 hb6/hb6 embryos lack meso- and metathorax, but nine abdominal segments are formed, the most anterior being T2 transformed into A1 and the next the normal A1. hb7 Homozygous embryos lack labium and all thoracic segments; head and gnathal segments transformed into posterior abdominal segments as is A1. Expressed only in homozygotes, not in hemizygotes; hb7/Df(3R)hb displays class III phenotype. Lethality of hb7 homozygotes not rescued by Dp(3;Y)P92 which is able to cover the other alleles; attempts to implicate a linked lethal mutation negative. hb11 As in the case of hb7, resembles a class I mutant, but with transformation of gnathal and first abdominal segments into posterior abdominal segments. Expression in homozygotes more extreme than in hemizygotes. hbD1: hunchback-Dominant A gain-of-function mutation; viable both in heterozygous and homozygous condition. Phenotype resembles that of pbx; insensitive to additional doses of hb+ but suppressed by extra doses [e. g., five copies of BXC+ (Lewis)]; enhanced in heterozygous combination with null alleles of ftz. hbD2 Homozygous lethal; lethal when heterozygous to hb null alleles (e.g. hb12). Has two dominant phenotypes: 1) homeotic transformation of parasegment six to parasegment five, resembling that produced by bxd pbx; 2) a pair-rule segmentation defect, consisting of partial deletion of even-numbered abdominal segments, principally A2 and A4. Homozygote shows more extreme expression of both phenotypes; penetrance and expressivity of first effect enhanced in double heterozygous combination with null alleles of ftz (e.g. hbD2/ftzr14); second phenotype enhanced by Df(2R)eve, such that only a few adult escapers of the doubly heterozygous genotype are observed. Also has a recessive phenotype, revealed either when homozygous or heterozygous to an hb null allele; deletion of parasegment 13 and reduction of filzkorper; labial and thoracic segments normal. Thus, affects posterior, but not anterior, domain of hb+ function. Viable in trans to some hypomorphic alleles that do not affect parasegment 13 (e.g. hb6).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Alleles hb[Delta.NRE.dlg1-anti] hb[Delta.NRE.dlg1] hb[Delta.NRE.Ace] Transgenic Constructs P{hb[Delta.Ace]} P{hb[Delta.dlg1-anti]} P{hb[Delta.dlg1]}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 85A5-85A5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L4740L4740 and P{EP}D1EP473
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 85A3-85B1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ranz et al., 1997) 85A1-85B1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Margolis et al., 1987) 85A-85B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Lozovskaya et al., 1993) 85A3-85A3   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Bender et al., 1988) 85A3-85B1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Tautz et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-48 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	p
Notes	3-48.3
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\hb for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.48 DGC clone LD34229 appears problematic: incomplete CDS
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) hb-RA FBtr0081951  NM_169233   3338   758 hb-RB FBtr0081950  NM_169234   3181   758
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.5, 3.2, 3.0, 2.8, 2.6 (northern blot) (Bender et al., 1988) 3.2, 2.9 (sequence analysis) (Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) 3.2, 2.9 (northern blot) (Tautz et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein hb-PA   FBpp0081432   83.1   758   7.24     NP_731267   AAN13395 hb-PB   FBpp0081431   83.1   758   7.24     NP_731268   AAF54270
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	758 (aa); 83 (kD predicted) (Tautz et al., 1987)
Comments	hb protein is shown to specifically bind DNA from the bx regulatory region of Ubx. Three hb binding sites were characterized in theis region. (Qian et al., 1991)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain (IPR013087)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA979585   AE014297 AAF54270   AE014297 AAN13395   AF295808   AW943224   AY051838 AAK93262   BI240125   BI240592   BT024234   CO186777   CO186925   CO196466   CO262161   CO266563   CO275776   CO281985   CO286413   CO289400   CO319242   CO319958   CO325104   CO327913   CZ483046   EC067116   EC068919   EC068920   EC084516   EC196626   EC212266   EC217113   EC218860   EC222416   EC226731   EC230714   EC231004   EC233572   EC243351   EC250192   EC254162   EV600077   GH759737   GH776029   GH784680   GH795987   GH796658   GH800152   GH804876   GH820780   GH843906   GH859688   GH866254   GH869799   GH870487   GH885996   GH886006   GH898619   GH901613   GH903130   GH915367   GH916621   GH920545   GH928654   GH930207   S70574   U17742 AAB60232   Y00274 CAA68377
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P05084
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References enhancer FBsf0000161155 3R:4,526,522..4,527,943 comment=from GB:U17742; tll_enhancer; tll and hkb act on this region to control posterior hb expression in the blastoderm stage embryo; contains tll binding sites. evidence=experimental (Margolis et al., 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160149 3R:4,524,373..4,524,388 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb7 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Treisman and Desplan, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000160150 3R:4,524,272..4,524,287 comment=binding site Hb6 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=hb-XP (Treisman and Desplan, 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160151 3R:4,524,061..4,524,076 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb5 evidence=experimental (Treisman and Desplan, 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160152 3R:4,523,967..4,523,982 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb4 evidence=experimental (Treisman and Desplan, 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160153 3R:4,522,755..4,522,770 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb3 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Treisman and Desplan, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000161128 3R:4,522,643..4,522,655 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=binding site B1 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000161119 3R:4,522,594..4,522,613 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=binding site B2 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000160154 3R:4,520,998..4,521,009 bound_moiety=Kr-XP comment=binding site Kr2 evidence=experimental (Treisman and Desplan, 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160155 3R:4,520,981..4,520,996 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb2 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Treisman and Desplan, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000160156 3R:4,520,681..4,520,692 bound_moiety=Kr-XP comment=binding site Kr1 evidence=experimental (Treisman and Desplan, 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160157 3R:4,520,590..4,520,604 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=binding site A1 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000160158 3R:4,520,497..4,520,512 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb1 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Treisman and Desplan, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000160159 3R:4,520,378..4,520,389 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=binding site A3 evidence=experimental (Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000160160 3R:4,517,471..4,517,502 bound_moiety=pum-XP evidence=experimental comment=pum protein binds to hb mRNA at the NRE (nos response element). (Murata and Wharton, 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160145 3R:4,527,306..4,527,326 bound_moiety=tll-XP comment=medium strong binding site evidence=experimental (Margolis et al., 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160146 3R:4,527,125..4,527,152 bound_moiety=tll-XP comment=strong binding site evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Margolis et al., 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000161118 3R:4,526,813..4,526,831 bound_moiety=tll-XP comment=medium strong binding site evidence=experimental (Margolis et al., 1995, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160147 3R:4,526,654..4,526,687 bound_moiety=tll-XP comment=strong binding site evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Margolis et al., 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000160148 3R:4,524,457..4,524,472 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=binding site Hb8 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Treisman and Desplan, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000161041 3R:4,527,523..4,527,542 bound_moiety=tll-XP evidence=experimental (Margolis et al., 1995, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161042 3R:4,520,526..4,520,534 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=bcd-XP (Driever et al., 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161043 3R:4,520,539..4,520,547 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Driever et al., 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161044 3R:4,527,487..4,527,503 bound_moiety=tll-XP evidence=experimental (Margolis et al., 1995, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161045 3R:4,520,452..4,520,465 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=bcd-XP (Ma et al., 1996, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161046 3R:4,527,002..4,527,022 bound_moiety=tll-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Margolis et al., 1995) protein binding site FBsf0000161047 3R:4,520,555..4,520,563 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Driever et al., 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161048 3R:4,527,236..4,527,255 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=tll-XP (Margolis et al., 1995, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000161049 3R:4,520,482..4,520,496 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) protein binding site FBsf0000161050 3R:4,520,505..4,520,511 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=bcd-XP (Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989, Bergman et al., 2005) regulatory region FBsf0000161383 3R:4,523,042..4,524,208 comment=1.2kb fragment extending from HindIII site to 6bp downstream from splice acceptor site; sufficient to reproduce wild type ovarian pattern of hb expression. evidence=experimental (Margolis et al., 1994) regulatory region FBsf0000161384 3R:4,519,886..4,520,634 comment=region sufficient for wild type expression of the 2.9kb hb transcript in the anterior domain. evidence=experimental (Schroder et al., 1988) regulatory region FBsf0000161376 3R:4,517,523..4,517,554 comment=NRE (nos response element) hb1 evidence=experimental comment=A region containing hb1 and hb2 is sufficient to confer nos-dependent regulation of hb expression. (Wharton and Struhl, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161385 3R:4,517,471..4,517,502 comment=NRE (nos response element) hb2 evidence=experimental comment=A region containing hb1 and hb2 or two copies of hb2 is sufficient to confer nos-dependent regulation of hb expression. (Wharton and Struhl, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161381 3R:4,526,860..4,527,389 comment=Blastoderm embryo posterior expression element; region drives expression of lacZ in a posterior stripe at 15% egg length and in a posterior cap. evidence=experimental linked_to=EcoRI-RsaI_rfrag (Margolis et al., 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000161382 3R:4,526,517..4,526,863 comment=Blastoderm embryo posterior expression element; region drives expression of lacZ in a central stripe at 50% egg length and a posterior stripe at 15% egg length. evidence=experimental linked_to=RsaI-SmaI_rfrag (Margolis et al., 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000435024 3R:4,520,509..4,520,580 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Driever et al., 1989, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435129 3R:4,523,065..4,523,504 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Lukowitz et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435525 3R:4,527,924..4,531,006 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hirono et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435572 3R:4,526,520..4,526,862 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Margolis et al., 1995, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435579 3R:4,519,886..4,521,119 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Schroder et al., 1988, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435587 3R:4,526,294..4,527,384 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Lukowitz et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435651 3R:4,523,049..4,524,207 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Margolis et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435655 3R:4,520,216..4,520,416 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Driever et al., 1989, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435912 3R:4,529,127..4,529,992 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hirono et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436140 3R:4,519,891..4,520,620 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Schroder et al., 1988, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436348 3R:4,524,772..4,525,205 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Perry et al., 2011, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436387 3R:4,530,986..4,531,556 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hirono et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436437 3R:4,526,861..4,527,388 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Margolis et al., 1995, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436438 3R:4,519,886..4,525,151 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Margolis et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436590 3R:4,520,912..4,522,555 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Busser et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436709 3R:4,527,893..4,528,853 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hirono et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 15017
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Niessing et al., 1999) organism | posterior   (Niessing et al., 1999) organism | 0-20% egg length   (Niessing et al., 1999) Comment:0-15% egg length organism | anterior   (Niessing et al., 1999) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | ubiquitous & uniform   (Wimmer et al., 2000) organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Ronchi et al., 1993, Boring et al., 1993, Wimmer et al., 2000) organism | 0-10% egg length   (Boring et al., 1993) organism | posterior   (Ronchi et al., 1993, Boring et al., 1993) organism | anterior   (Ronchi et al., 1993, Boring et al., 1993) organism | 0-20% egg length   (Ronchi et al., 1993) embryonic stage 4 -- 5   organism | gap expression pattern   (Zhao et al., 2002) embryonic stage 4 -- 6   central brain anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi foregut anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) mesectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi ventral ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi yolk nucleus   (Fisher et al., 2012) antennal anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi visual anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi embryonic cycle 11 -- embryonic cycle 13   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Tautz et al., 1987) Comment:55-100% egg length embryonic cycle 13   organism | 0-30% egg length   (Tautz et al., 1987) Comment:0-25% egg length embryonic stage 5   organism | gap expression pattern   (Margolis et al., 1995) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage hindgut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic cycle 14   organism | 50-90% egg length   (Tautz et al., 1987) Comment:55-90% egg length organism | 10-30% egg length   (Tautz et al., 1987) Comment:10-25% egg length embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Tautz et al., 1987) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) procephalic neuroblast   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   bridge cell   (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) embryonic stage 12   bridge cell   (Wolf et al., 2002) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) adult stageoogenesis stage S7 -- S11   nurse cell   (Margolis et al., 1994) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 12     (Tautz et al., 1987) Comment:reference states 0-8 hr AEL embryonic stage 5 -- 11     (Tautz et al., 1987) Comment:reference states 2-6 hr AEL adult stage | female     (Tautz et al., 1987)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The 2.9kb hb transcript is detected between 2 and 6 hours of embryonic development. (Tautz et al., 1987) The 3.2kb hb transcripts are homogenously distributed in early embryos, then form an anterior-posterior gradient and are gone before the blastoderm stage. They appear again at nuclear cycle 13-14, where they form an anterior stripe at ~53% egg length and a posterior stripe. They are also expressed in the anterior yolk nuclei. The anterior stripe is in the region of the 2nd thoracic segment on the fate map and the posterior stripe is in the region of abdominal segments 7 and 8. The 3.2kb transcript persists throughout germ band extension. (Schroder et al., 1988) hb transcripts are produced only by the germline-derived nurse cells. Transcripts are first detected at stage 7, increase dramatically in stages 8 and 9 and are no longer detectable by stage 12. (Margolis et al., 1994) 2.9kb hb transcripts are first detected at nuclear cycle 11-12 in the anterior half of the embryos and in the yolk nuclei in that region. Transcripts disappear at the beginning of gastrulation. (Schroder et al., 1988) The 2.8kb and 2.6kb hb transcripts are expressed only during first 6 hours of embryogenesis with a peak at 2-4 hrs. In situ hybridization shows that the hb gene is first expressed uniformly over the embryo. In syncytial blastoderm embryos, expression is seen in a broad anterior stripe (50-100% EL) and a narrower posterior signal (0-15% EL). In late stage 4 embryos the anterior hb stripe weakens and narrows to two broad stripes. These are gone by the extended germ band stage when ventral hypoderm expression is seen. (Bender et al., 1988) The 3.0kb and 3.2kb hb transcripts accumulate to their highest levels over the first 8 hours of embryogenesis. They are also present in adult females and males with higher levels in females. In situ hybridization shows that the hb gene is first expressed uniformly over the embryo. In syncytial blastoderm embryos, expression is seen in a broad anterior stripe (50-100% EL) and a narrower posterior signal (0-15% EL). In late stage 4 embryos the anterior hb stripe weakens and narrows to two broad stripes. These are gone by the extended germ band stage when ventral hypoderm expression is seen. (Bender et al., 1988) hb-RB transcript is not expressed until late in embryonic cycle 14, when the hb expression pattern has been refined to two stripes. (Margolis et al., 1995) The hb transcript is expressed in the early embryo in two domains, an anterior domain which spans from the anterior tip to %50 egg length and posterior domain which spans from 90% egg length to the posterior tip. (Boring et al., 1993) The 3.2kb hb transcript is present in maternal RNA and continues to be present for the first 8 hours of embryonic development. It is also detected in adult females. (Tautz et al., 1987) The hb transcript is expressed in two broad regions in the cellular blastoderm, one which covers up to 50% egg length from the anterior and one which covers up to 20% egg length from the posterior. (Ronchi et al., 1993)
Marker for
	bridge cell
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 0-20% egg length   (Perkins et al., 1992) organism | posterior   (Gavis and Lehmann, 1992)   (Barker et al., 1992) embryonic stage   neuroblast   (Cabrera and Alonso, 1991) oogenesis     (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Struhl et al., 1989) organism | anterior   (Struhl et al., 1989) embryonic stage 4 -- 5   organism | gap expression pattern   • nucleus (Small et al., 1991) embryonic stage 5   organism | gap expression pattern   (Stanojevic et al., 1989, Langeland et al., 1994) embryonic stage 5 -- 6   organism | gap expression pattern   (Schroder et al., 1988) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   protocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) tritocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) deuterocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) embryonic stage 10   neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium   (Chang et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   bridge cell   • nucleus (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   EW1 neuron   (Lundell et al., 2003) GW neuron   (Lundell et al., 2003) pupal stage | male   brain   (Goto et al., 2011) pupal stage P6 | male   ventral nerve cord   (Goto et al., 2011) immunoprecipitation Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 7 -- 9   stage 1 neuroblast   • nucleus (Stivers et al., 2000) stage 2 neuroblast   • nucleus (Stivers et al., 2000) macrophage   • nucleus (Stivers et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Markers that uniquely identify the cells of the NB3-7 lineage were used to examine the serotonin expressing cell lineages. (Lundell et al., 2003) Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d3-7, v2; deuterocerebrum - d1, d13, v3, v4,v6; protocerebrum - ad1, ad3, ad4, ad14-15, ad17, av1, cd2, cd6, cd 7, cd13, cd18, cd19, cd21, cv1, cv3, cv6-9, pd3, pd15, pv2 (Urbach and Technau, 2003) In wild typeblastoderm embryos, posterior hb expression begins as a cap at theposterior pole. The cap then disappears leaving a stripe from 10-20%egglength. In csw mutants, hb does not retract but remains as aterminal cap. (Perkins et al., 1992) In embryos of mothers with moderate pum alleles (pum1/pum13), the domain of hunchback expression is extended posteriorly. In strong pum mutant embryos (pumMsc/pumFC8), hb is expressed throughout the embryo. (Barker et al., 1992) hb protein is detected in neurons of the male pupal brain and in the ventral nerve cord. A subset of neurons that express hb protein also express fru protein, and a subset of the latter are labelled by Scer\GAL4fru-NP0021. (Goto et al., 2011) hb protein accumulation at the anterior of the embryo is inhibited by ectopic nos protein in nosbcd.3UTR embryos. As a result, only a small amount of hb protein accumulates in the center of these embryos. In nosbcd.3UTR embryos from osk1 mothers, hb protein accumulates in the posterior half of the embryo. (Gavis and Lehmann, 1992) hb protein is expressed in mature neuroblasts and their neuronal progeny. In embryos lacking the l(1)sc gene, hb protein expression is seen in fewer cells and their arrangement is more regular. (Cabrera and Alonso, 1991) In blastoderm embryos, the anterior domain of hb protein expression extends to the posterior border of eve stripe 3, while the posterior domain of hb expression overlaps eve stripe 7. (Small et al., 1991) Transplantation experiments show that hb protein is expressed during oogenesis. (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Marker for
	bridge cell
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{HB-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference blastoderm stage   organism | anterior   (Struhl et al., 1989) Reporter: P{HB123x2} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   organism | anterior   (Struhl et al., 1989) organism | 70-100% egg length   (Struhl et al., 1989) Reporter: P{HB123} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   organism | anterior   (Struhl et al., 1989) organism | 70-100% egg length   (Struhl et al., 1989) Reporter: P{HB263} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   organism | 60-100% egg length   (Struhl et al., 1989) organism | anterior   (Struhl et al., 1989) Reporter: P{HB747} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Struhl et al., 1989) Comment:reference states 55-100% egg length organism | anterior   (Struhl et al., 1989) Reporter: P{Thb1-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:51-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb10-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 60-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:65-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb11-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 60-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:58-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb15-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 70-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:72-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb16-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 70-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Reporter: P{Thb2-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 60-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Reporter: P{Thb3-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 60-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:65-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb5-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:55-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb6-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:55-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb7-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 60-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:58-100% egg length Reporter: P{Thb8-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:51-100% egg length embryonic stage 4   organism | gap expression pattern   (Driever et al., 1989) Reporter: P{Thb9-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | 50-100% egg length   (Driever et al., 1989) Comment:55-100% egg length
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary    727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary  (727.7) Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary    727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary    727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary    727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary  727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary    727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    11.825 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.2 Larval Fat Body    4.1 Larval Salivary Gland    3.9 Larval Trachea    0.275 Larval Carcass    3.325 Adult Head    12.9 Adult Eye    2.8 Adult Brain    17.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2 Adult Crop    96.1 Adult Midgut    13.1 Adult Hindgut    33.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    10.3 Adult Heart    20.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    11.9 Adult Ovary    727.7 Adult Testis    6.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.2 Adult Carcass    32.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    12.9   NA  Eye    2.8   NA  Brain    17.9   11.825  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    22.2   NA  Crop    96.1   4.5  Midgut    13.1   2.8  Hindgut    33.7   2.2  Malpighian Tubules    6.5   4.1  Fat Body    7.5   3.9  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    20.875   0.275  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    727.7   NA  Testis    6.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    21.2   3.325  Carcass    32.3 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    58 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (56) ovary, mated 4-day female  (58) testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    58 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    58 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    58 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (56) ovary, mated 4-day female  (58) testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    58 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    56 ovary, mated 4-day female    58 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    113 embryo 02-04hr    121 embryo 04-06hr    59 embryo 06-08hr    60 embryo 08-10hr    36 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    42 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (113) embryo 02-04hr  (121) embryo 04-06hr  (59) embryo 06-08hr  (60) embryo 08-10hr  (36) embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day  (42) adult female 30day  (44) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (113) embryo 02-04hr  (121) embryo 04-06hr    59 embryo 06-08hr    60 embryo 08-10hr    36 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    42 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    113 embryo 02-04hr    121 embryo 04-06hr    59 embryo 06-08hr    60 embryo 08-10hr    36 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    42 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    113 embryo 02-04hr    121 embryo 04-06hr    59 embryo 06-08hr    60 embryo 08-10hr    36 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    42 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (113) embryo 02-04hr  (121) embryo 04-06hr  (59) embryo 06-08hr  (60) embryo 08-10hr  (36) embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day  (42) adult female 30day  (44) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  113 embryo 02-04hr  121 embryo 04-06hr    59 embryo 06-08hr    60 embryo 08-10hr    36 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    42 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    113 embryo 02-04hr    121 embryo 04-06hr    59 embryo 06-08hr    60 embryo 08-10hr    36 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    5 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    5 embryo 22-24hr    5 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    3 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    42 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (48) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (46) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (48) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (46) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    11 heat shock, 4-day adult    19 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_01 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD34229 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001180 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9786-RB FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for hb Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | dominant | embryonic stage | maternal effect hbG1-6U hbNRE1 hbNRE2 hbNRE7 hbNRE8 hbNRE9 hbNRE10 lethal | dominant | larval stage | maternal effect hbG1-3U lethal | embryonic stage | gap | recessive hb1 hb2 hb3 hb4 hb5 hb6 hb7 hb8 hb9 hb10 hb12 hb13 hb14 hb15 hbb1 hbb2 hbb7 hbb16 hbb50 hbbs23 hbDrv1 hbDrv2 hbDrv3 hbDrv4 hbDrv5 hbDrv6 hbDrv7 hbDrv8 hbDrv9 hbDrv10 hbe21 hbunspecified lethal | embryonic stage | homeotic | recessive hbD2 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect hbNRE2 hbNRE7 hbNRE10 hbNRE.AA17CC hbNRE.G9C lethal | embryonic stage | pair rule expression pattern | recessive hbD2 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive hb6 hb7 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa lethal | female hbSxl.Pe lethal | maternal effect | heat sensitive hbts1 lethal | recessive hbD1 partially lethal - majority die | embryonic stage | maternal effect hbNRE1 hbNRE8 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 hbGD1460 viable hbf00586 hbNRE4 hbNRE5 hbNRE6 hbNRE9 hbNRE.G9U hbNRE.GU12AG hbNRE.UU7AA hbNRE.UU7CC hbNRE.UU10AA hbNRE.UU10GG Sterility Allele fertile hbf00586 Other Phenotypes Allele embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype hbhb2 hbΔ.NRE.Ace hbΔ.NRE.dlg1 hbΔ.NRE.dlg1-anti hbΔ neuroanatomy defective hbScer\UAS.cWa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4fru-NP0021 hbJF03309 neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive hbhs.PS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG hbScer\UAS.cWa visible hbD1 visible | dominant hbD1 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdomen hbΔ hbhs.PS abdominal 8 ventral denticle belt | embryonic stage hb12 abdominal segment 1 hb12 abdominal segment 8 hb2 abdominal segment | maternal effect hbG1-3U hbG1-6U aCC neuron hb12 aCC neuron, with hb12 hbKM aCC neuron, with hbKM hb12 aCC neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa adult metathoracic segment hbD1 adult salivary gland primordium hb12 antennal lobe neuroblast | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF hbJF03309 brain hbdsRNA.cSa central nervous system hbdsRNA.cSa cephalopharyngeal skeleton hbDrv9 hbb1 hbb16 hbb2 hbb50 hbbs23 hbe21 cephalopharyngeal skeleton, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa commissure hb4 dorsal arm of pharyngeal sclerite, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa dorsal bridge, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa embryo | gap hbunspecified embryonic/first instar larval cuticle hb12 hb4 embryonic/larval dorsal trunk hb15 hb8 embryonic/larval dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL412.1 hbScer\UAS.cWa embryonic/larval esophagus | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa embryonic/larval labial segment sensillum hb12 embryonic/larval pharynx | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa embryonic/larval proventriculus | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa embryonic abdomen | anterior hb12 embryonic abdominal segment hbΔ hbNRE.AA17CC hbNRE.G9C hbNRE.G9U hbNRE10 hbNRE7 hbNRE8 hbhb2 hbΔ.NRE.Ace hbΔ.NRE.dlg1 hbΔ.NRE.dlg1-anti embryonic abdominal segment 1 hb6 hbdsRNA.cSa embryonic abdominal segment 2 hbdsRNA.cSa embryonic abdominal segment 2 | pair rule expression pattern hbD2 embryonic abdominal segment 3 hbdsRNA.cSa embryonic abdominal segment 4 | pair rule expression pattern hbD2 embryonic abdominal segment 7 hb12 hb15 hbC20-hb embryonic abdominal segment 7 (with hb12) hbD2 embryonic abdominal segment 7 (with hbD2) hb12 embryonic abdominal segment 8 hb12 hb15 hbC20-hb hbdsRNA.cSa hbunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 8 (with hb12) hbD2 embryonic abdominal segment 8 (with hbD2) hb12 embryonic abdominal segment | maternal effect hbNRE1 hbNRE2 embryonic abdominal segment | posterior hbb1 hbb16 hbb50 hbbs23 embryonic epidermis hbbcd.3UTR embryonic gnathal segment hb12 hbdsRNA.cSa hbunspecified embryonic head hb11 hb7 hb7tH hbdsRNA.9176-9920 hbPVU embryonic labial segment hb12 hb15 hb8 embryonic mesothoracic segment hbΔPST hb1 hb10 hb12 hb13 hb15 hb3 hb5 hb8 hb9 hbC20-hb hbDrv1 hbDrv10 hbDrv2 hbDrv3 hbDrv4 hbDrv5 hbDrv6 hbDrv7 hbDrv8 hbDrv9 hbPST hbXHO hbb1 hbb16 hbb2 hbb50 hbb7 hbbs23 hbe21 embryonic metathoracic segment hbΔPST hb1 hb10 hb12 hb13 hb15 hb3 hb5 hb8 hbDrv1 hbDrv10 hbDrv2 hbDrv3 hbDrv4 hbDrv5 hbDrv6 hbDrv7 hbDrv8 hbDrv9 hbPST hbXHO hbb1 hbb16 hbb2 hbb50 hbb7 hbbs23 hbe21 embryonic neuroblast hb4 embryonic prothoracic segment hb12 hb15 hb8 hbDrv1 hbDrv10 hbDrv2 hbDrv3 hbDrv4 hbDrv5 hbDrv6 hbDrv7 hbDrv8 hbDrv9 hbb1 hbb16 hbb50 hbbs23 embryonic thoracic segment hbdsRNA.9176-9920 hbunspecified epipharyngeal sclerite, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa EW1 neuron, with hb12 hbKM EW1 neuron, with hbKM hb12 EW1 neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa EW2 neuron | ectopic, with hb12 hbKM EW2 neuron | ectopic, with hbKM hb12 extended germ band embryo hb4 eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF hbScer\UAS.cWa filzkorper hb12 hbD2 filzkorper (with hb12) hbD2 filzkorper (with hbD2) hb12 FMRFamide SE2 neuron | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 hbScer\UAS.cWa fpCC neuron hb12 fpCC neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa fpCC neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca.PC hbScer\UAS.cWa ganglion mother cell GMC1-1a, with hb12 hbKM ganglion mother cell GMC1-1a, with hbKM hb12 ganglion mother cell GMC1-1a | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa gastric caecum, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa gnathal segment hb2 GW neuron hb12 haltere hbD1 hypostomal sclerite hb12 larval abdominal segment 7 hb8 larval abdominal segment 8 hb8 larval head hb12 larval labial segment hb12 hb8 larval mesothoracic segment hb8 larval metathoracic segment hb8 larval prothoracic segment hb8 longitudinal connective hb4 medial-most cell body glial cell, with hb12 hbKM medial-most cell body glial cell, with hbKM hb12 medial-most cell body glial cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa median tooth, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa mesothoracic segment hb12 metathoracic segment hb12 hbD1 motor neuron, with hb12 hbKM motor neuron, with hbKM hb12 mouth hooks hb8 neuroblast NB7-1 hb12 neuroblast NB7-3 hb12 neuroblast NB7-3, with Scer\GAL4eg-Mz360 hbScer\UAS.cWa parasegment 6 hbD2 parasegment 13 hbD2 pCC neuron hb12 pCC neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa pole cell hbΔ precursor cell of the stomatogastric nervous system, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa prothoracic segment hb12 hbtrxA RP2 motor neuron hb12 RP2 motor neuron, with hb12 hbKM RP2 motor neuron, with hbKM hb12 RP2 motor neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa thorax hb2 hbDrv2 hbdsRNA.cSa U1 neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa U1 neuron | ectopic | heat sensitive hbhs.PS U1 neuron | ectopic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG hbScer\UAS.cWa U2 neuron hbScer\UAS.cWa U2 neuron | ectopic | heat sensitive hbhs.PS U2 neuron | ectopic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG hbScer\UAS.cWa U3 neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 hbScer\UAS.cWa U4 neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 hbScer\UAS.cWa U5 neuron, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 hbScer\UAS.cWa U neuron hb12 U neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E hbScer\UAS.cWa U neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca.PC hbScer\UAS.cWa U neuron | ectopic | heat sensitive hbhs.PS ventral arm of pharyngeal sclerite, with Scer\GAL4nos.bcd3'UTR.T:Scer\GCN4 hbScer\UAS.cWa
Classical Alleles ( 49 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of hb Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion hb1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 7 Yes hb12 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence, amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes hb4 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes hbb1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 2 -- hbD1 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence, gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- hbf00586 piggyBac transposase 2 -- hb7 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence, antimorphic allele - genetic evidence, amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes hb11 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes hb6 gain of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes hb9 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- hbts1 heat sensitive loss of function allele 1 -- hb14 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- hb15 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes hb2 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence, amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hb8 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes hbb16 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- hbb50 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- hbbs23 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes hbPXT15 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- hb10 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes hb13 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes hb3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes hb5 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes hb9K67 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbB1 0 -- hbb2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- hbb7 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- hbC8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbD2 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele gamma ray 0 Yes hbDrv10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv11 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray X ray 0 -- hbDrv2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray X ray 0 -- hbDrv3 gamma ray 0 -- hbDrv4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbDrv9 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbe21 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- hbmz 0 -- hbP25 0 -- hbPL00759 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes hbprl1 0 -- hbtrxA 0 -- hbunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- hbXT X ray 0 -- hbz 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 79 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of hb Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion hbGD1460 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 6 Yes hbScer\UAS.cWa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes hbHMS01183 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes hbJF03309 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes hbKK106631 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes hb10E1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes hb2x.T:MS2\MCP.BS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hb3UTR.Dra in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes hb3UTR.NRE in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes hb3UTR in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes hb6tH hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes hb7tH neomorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes hbAct5C.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbAct5C.PZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbbcd+bcd in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbbcd.3UTR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbbcd in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbC20-hb in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbcWa in vitro construct 0 Yes hbdsRNA.9176-9920 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes hbdsRNA.cSa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 -- hbDvir\hb.0.8bcd in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbeve.st2 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbeve.st2ΔKr in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbfl.cGa in vitro construct 0 Yes hbfl.cWa in vitro construct 0 Yes hbfluor.cMa in vitro construct 0 Yes hbG1-3U loss of function allele in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes hbG1-6U loss of function allele in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes hbG4-6U loss of function allele in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes hbGLS in vitro construct 0 Yes hbhb.0.7bcd in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbhb1+hb2 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbhb2'+hb2' in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbhb2+hb2 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbhb2 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbhs.PM in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbhs.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbKG in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes hbKM in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes hbNIG.9786R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbNRE.AA17CC in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.CycB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbNRE.G9C in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.G9U in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.GU12AG in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.UU10AA in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.UU10GG in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.UU7AA in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE.UU7CC in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE10 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE1 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE2 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE4 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE5 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE6 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE7 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE8 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbNRE9 in vitro construct 0 Yes hbP1only in vitro construct - minigene in vitro construct 0 Yes hbPST hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct 0 Yes hbPVU neomorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes hbScer\FRT.eve.st2 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbScer\FRT.eve.st2ΔKr in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbScer\FRT.sna in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbsna.PC FLPase 0 Yes hbSxl.Pe in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbt4.7 in vitro construct - genomic fragment P-element activity 0 Yes hbT:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes hbtHa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes hbtub1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbtub2 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbWT in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbXHO hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes hbΔ.NRE.Ace in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbΔ.NRE.dlg1-anti in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes hbΔ.NRE.dlg1 0 Yes hbΔ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes hbΔPST hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)AntpCtx (Jurgens et al., 1984) Df(3R)BSC197 (Gresens and Cook, 2006.8.29) Df(3R)BSC466 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3R)BSC477 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3R)BSC478 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3R)CA4B (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)Exel6150 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Exel8143 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)FA11 (Muller et al., 1999, Jurgens et al., 1984) Df(3R)G63 (Muller et al., 1999) Df(3R)p13 (Tautz et al., 1987, Bender et al., 1988) Df(3R)p25 (Carroll and Scott, 1986, Bender et al., 1987, Riley et al., 1987, Bender et al., 1988, Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)p712 (Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995) Df(3R)p819 (Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995) Df(3R)p-XM66 (Jurgens et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)p-XT9 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)p-XT15 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Goto et al., 1989) Df(3R)p-XT26 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)p-XT27 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)p-XT103 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)p-XT104 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Tautz et al., 1987, Tremml and Bienz, 1989) Df(3R)p-XT115 (Struhl et al., 1989) Df(3R)p-XT118 (Jurgens et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)V1 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)V5 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) In(3R)hbbs23 (Bender et al., 1988) In(3R)hbD1 (Carroll and Scott, 1986, Bender et al., 1987) Ts(2Rt;3Lt)pXT126+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)CA1 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)CA3 (Bender et al., 1987, Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)D6 (Bender et al., 1987) Df(3R)D8 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)Dhod15 (Bender et al., 1987) Df(3R)dsx11 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)G1 (Bender et al., 1987, Bender et al., 1988, Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)p5 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)p7 (Bender et al., 1987) Df(3R)p16 (Bender et al., 1987, Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)p17 (Bender et al., 1987) Df(3R)p19 (Bender et al., 1987, Jones and Rawls, 1988) Df(3R)p-XT118 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(3R)V2 (Jones and Rawls, 1988) In(3R)hbD1 (Bender et al., 1988) T(1;3)FA62 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) T(2;3)FC9 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) T(2;3)FC10 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) T(Y;3)MA9 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Tp(3;1)FA11 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Tp(3;1)FC8 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Not duplicated in	Dp(3;Y)P92 (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
reporter construct	Name Expression Data P{Antp1} No P{Antp2} No P{btd.FRT.W1} No P{cgf-B} No P{cgf-H} No P{HB0.3} No P{hb0.7-lacZ} No P{HB0.8} No P{hb1.2-lacZ} No P{hb2.4-lacZ} No P{hb3.4-lacZ} No P{HB4.2} No P{Hb6-lacZ} No P{HB82} No P{HB82x4} No P{HB123} No P{HB123x2} No P{HB123x3} No P{HB123x4} No P{HB123x6} No P{HB161} No P{HB263} No P{HB484} No P{HB747} No P{hb.HZ1.4} No P{hb-lacZ.270} No P{hb-lacZ.cic} No P{hb-lacZ.P1AB} No P{hb-lacZ.W} No P{HB-lacZ} No P{hb-β-gal} No P{HZ0.36} No P{HZ340} No P{HZ526} No P{HZ555} No P{Lac0.9} No P{Lac1.9} No P{Lac5.3} No P{Lac6.6} No P{Lac8.0} No P{Lac12} No P{LacΔ1.6} No P{LacΔ2.3} No P{lateDm1.1-lacZ} No P{lateDm4.2-lacZ} No P{matDm0.5-lacZ} No P{matDm0.6-lacZ} No P{Thb1-lacZ} No P{Thb2-lacZ} No P{Thb3-lacZ} No P{Thb4-lacZ} No P{Thb5-lacZ} No P{Thb6-lacZ} No P{Thb7-lacZ} No P{Thb8-lacZ} No P{Thb9-lacZ} No P{Thb10-lacZ} No P{Thb11-lacZ} No P{Thb12-lacZ} No P{Thb13-lacZ} No P{Thb14-lacZ} No P{Thb15-lacZ} No P{Thb16-lacZ} No P{zen-hb-lacZ} No
UAS construct	Name Expression Data P{GD1460} NA P{KK106631} NA P{NIG.9786R} NA P{TRiP.HMS01183} NA P{TRiP.JF03309} NA P{UAS-hb.W} NA
GAL4 construct	Name Expression Data P{GAL4::hb-hb} No P{GAL4(DBD)-hb} No
heat-shock construct	Name Expression Data P{hs-hb} NA P{hsp70-hb} NA
characterization construct	Name Expression Data P{10E1} NA P{bcdDm0.7-hb} NA P{bcdDv0.8-hb} NA P{C20-hb} NA P{eve(FRT)hb.st2} NA P{eve(FRT)hb.st2ΔKr} NA P{eve(-FRT)hb.st2ΔKr} NA P{eve-hb.st2} NA P{G1-3U} NA P{G1-6U} NA P{G4-6U} NA P{HB547} NA P{hb.CycBNRE} NA P{hb.P1only} NA P{hb.WT} NA P{hb2x.T:MS2\MCP.BS} NA P{hb+} NA P{hbbcd+bcd} NA P{hbbcd} NA P{hbhb1+hb2} NA P{hbhb2'+hb2'} NA P{hbhb2+hb2} NA P{hbhb2} NA P{hbtub1} NA P{hbtub2} NA P{hbΔ.Ace} NA P{hbΔ.dlg1} NA P{hbΔ.dlg1-anti} NA P{hbΔ} NA P{hb-bcd3'UTR} NA P{hb-Tcas\cad.W} NA P{hb-X44} NA P{hb-Xlh1} NA P{KG} NA P{KM} NA P{NRE1} NA P{NRE2} NA P{NRE4} NA P{NRE5} NA P{NRE6} NA P{NRE7} NA P{NRE8} NA P{NRE9} NA P{NRE10} NA P{NRE.AA17CC} NA P{NRE.G9C} NA P{NRE.G9U} NA P{NRE.GU12AG} NA P{NRE.UU7AA} NA P{NRE.UU7CC} NA P{NRE.UU10AA} NA P{NRE.UU10GG} NA P{p9K49} NA P{p9K57} NA P{piPST} NA P{psPVU} NA P{psXHO} NA P{pΔPST} NA P{sna(FRT.STOP)hb.C} NA P{sna(-FRT)hb.C} NA P{Sxl-Pe:hb} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{WH}hbf00586 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}hbPL00759 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 25 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Qian et al., 1991, Shimell et al., 2000) RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from direct assay (Shimell et al., 2000) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Treisman and Desplan, 1989, Zuo et al., 1991) sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity inferred from direct assay (Zuo et al., 1991) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from direct assay (Li et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Shimell et al., 2000) inferred from expression pattern (Qian et al., 1991) inferred from mutant phenotype (Margolis et al., 1995) neuroblast fate determination inferred from expression pattern AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Isshiki et al., 2001) inferred from mutant phenotype (Novotny et al., 2002) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Zuo et al., 1991) inferred from mutant phenotype (Margolis et al., 1995) regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Shimell et al., 2000) terminal region determination inferred from genetic interaction with tor (Strecker et al., 1991) torso signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with tor (Strecker et al., 1991)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 15 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo non-traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001) anterior region determination non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.4.1, Patel and Lall, 2002) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003) ganglion mother cell fate determination traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003) morphogenesis of a branching structure traceable author statement (Affolter and Shilo, 2000) open tracheal system development traceable author statement (Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Rosin and Shilo, 2002, Uv et al., 2003) posterior head segmentation traceable author statement (Peel, 2004) regulation of development, heterochronic traceable author statement (Banerjee and Slack, 2002, Pasquinelli and Ruvkun, 2002, Abbott, 2003) salivary gland development traceable author statement (Bradley et al., 2001) trunk segmentation traceable author statement (Peel, 2004) ventral cord development non-traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003) zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo non-traceable author statement (Courey and Jia, 2001) traceable author statement (Peel, 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.4.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
RNA-protein
Interacting group Assay References
hb - pum rna tri hybrid (Kim et al., 2012)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions hb allele Gene References hb4 nos (Bajusz et al., 2001) hb12 Kr (Wu et al., 2001) hb15 bnl (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) hbbcd.3UTR bcd (Schulz and Tautz, 1994) nos (Schulz and Tautz, 1994) hbD1 ftz (Bender et al., 1987) hbeve.st2 kni (Wu et al., 2001) hbeve.st2ΔKr kni (Wu et al., 2001) Kr (Wu et al., 2001) hbScer\UAS.cWa bcd (Janody et al., 2000, Wimmer et al., 2000) hbΔ nos (Simpson-Brose et al., 1994) unspecified ftz (Duncan, 1986)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66207 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001180 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 41032 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P05084
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (36) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6Z6376 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6HDT2V Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6DFNHP Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6GQNM4 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6FZ41P
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6Z6376)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\hb     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD15118     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\hb Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG17432 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\hb Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\hb Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\hb Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\hb Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK11279 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\hb Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI22833 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH19020 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6HDT2V)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL000894   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP010777   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ012542
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6DFNHP)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\hb   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG011376   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH10012   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH23004   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23587   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP20425   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO19895   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17263   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18020   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH17407   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB15841   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB12853   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV23318   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV23430   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\hb   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA003334   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM167630   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\hb
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6GQNM4)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\HB   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW021385
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6FZ41P)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\hbl-1
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\hb Drosophila erecta Dere\GG17432 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\hb Drosophila ananassae Dana\hb Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\hb Drosophila persimilis Dper\hb Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11279 Drosophila virilis Dvir\hb Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI22833 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH19020
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 33 )
Bloomington	18347 w1118; PBac{WH}hbf00586 8504 w*; P{UAS-hb.W}F4A; P{UAS-hb.W}F1A 1738 hbb1 rsd1/TM3, Sb1 29630 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03309}attP2
Harvard	- PBac{WH}hbf00586
VDRC	v107740 P{KK106631}VIE-260B v11775 w1118 P{GD1460}v11775 v11776 w1118 P{GD1460}v11776 v44892 w1118; P{GD1460}v44892 v44893 w1118; P{GD1460}v44893 v44894 w1118; P{GD1460}v44894/CyO v45274 w1118; P{GD1460}v45274/CyO
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR01F13 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 42 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD14196 LD34229
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE36774 RE37468
Other clones	35955 Dmel_neb_005636_0824_2461 EK004711 EK022927 EK024821 EK062745 EK070938 EK084533 EK118612 EK146856 EK159248 EK195612 EK277412 EK281555 EP08244 RP003045323 RP003064874 RP003118473 RP003153394 RP003174981 RP003210290 RP003228898 RP003236427 RP003250651 RP003257175 RP003269315 RP003300664 RP003334862 RP003394435 RP003431896 RP003457457 RP003484197 RP003500689 RP003501155 RP003565117 RP003581574 RP003599259 RP003629771
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001180 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 41032
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Dubuis et al., 2013, Li et al., 2008)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: hb CG9786 (Zhao, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Rg-pbx hb (Bender et al., 1987)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for hb protein in 2-3 hr embryos; see BDTNP1_TFBS_hb collection report. (Li et al., 2008) Maintenance of hb expression within the ganglion mother cells is mediated by pros. (Mettler et al., 2006) The bcd protein gradient shows high embryo-to-embryo variability and is not correlated with egg length. In contrast, the hb mRNA and protein profile shows extreme reproducibility from embryo to embryo, and shows a strong correlation with egg length. (Houchmandzadeh et al., 2002) hb is required for the specification of early sublineage of neuroblast 7-3. (Novotny et al., 2002) The poly(A) tail is not required for regulation of hb maternal translation. (Chagnovich and Lehmann, 2001) hb and Kr control early born temporal identity in neuroblast cell lineages. (Isshiki et al., 2001) Individual phases of hb transcription, which overlap temporally and spatially, contribute specific patterning functions in early embryogenesis. (Wu et al., 2001) Persistence of hb protein in the terminal region of the blastoderm embryo impairs anterior development. (Janody et al., 2000) hb is able to specify thoracic segments in the absence of bcd. (Wimmer et al., 2000) The nos gene product forms a ternary complex with the RNA-binding domain of pum and the hb NRE (nos response element). (Sonoda and Wharton, 1999) The embryonic CNS contains sequentially generated neuroblast sublineages that can be distinguished by their expression of either hb, nub or cas. hb and cas may directly silence nub expression in early and late developing sublineages, given that nub cis-regulatory DNA contains approximately 32 hb/cas-binding sites and its enhancer(s) are ectopically activated in cas- neuroblasts. Targeted misexpression of cas in all neuronal lineages reduces nub expression without altering hb expression. By ensuring correct POU gene expression boundaries hb and cas maintain temporal subdivisions in the cell-identity circuitry controlling CNS development. (Kambadur et al., 1998) Mutants are isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen to identify zygotic mutations affecting germ cell migration at discrete points during embryogenesis: mutants exhibit gap pattern defects. (Moore et al., 1998) Quantifying rates of protein sequence divergence within and between species reveals that the Drosophila genome harbors a substantial proportion of genes with a very high divergence rate. (Schmid and Tautz, 1997) A study of the mechanisms of nos-mediated translational repression indicates that nos and pum determine posterior morphology by promoting the deadenylation of maternal hb mRNA, thereby repressing its translation. (Wreden et al., 1997) Gene product is known to regulate Kr CD (cis acting control element) expression. (Carrera and Jaeckle, 1995) A 1.4kb region of hb upstream sequence has been identified and characterised and found to be both necessary and sufficient for the normal expression and function of the gene in the posterior blastoderm stage embryo. (Margolis et al., 1995) nos response elements (NRE) in the hb mRNA mediate nos repression of hb maternal transcript translation. pum protein is an NRE binding factor, pum recognises the NRE and recruits nos, the resulting complex is thought to inhibit some component of the translation machinery. (Murata and Wharton, 1995) Ubx fragments that bind hb protein in vitro contain parasegmental enhancers active in the embryo in specific parasegmental patterns. (Pirrotta et al., 1995) Transcription factors hb and kni can associate with Kr in vitro and they interact functionally with Kr-dependent target gene expression mediated by a single Kr-binding site close to an heterologous promoter in Schneider cells. (Sauer and Jaeckle, 1995) The products of the Taf4 and Taf6 loci serve as coactivators to mediate transcriptional activation by the bcd and hb enhancer binding proteins. A quadruple complex containing Tbp, Taf1, Taf4 and Taf6 mediates transcriptional synergism by bcd and hb, whereas triple Tbp-Taf complexes lacking one or other coactivator failed to support synergistic activation. The concerted action of multiple regulators with different coactivators helps to establish the pattern and level of segmentation gene transcription during development. (Sauer et al., 1995) The abdominal cad domain is under the control of the hb gradient. It is activated at low concentrations of hb and repressed at high concentrations. (Schulz and Tautz, 1995) Translation of hb mRNA can be interfered by a protein complex of pum and nos gene products that bind to the nanos response element (NRE) in the 3' untranslated region of hb. (Wharton et al., 1995) The first and second finger domains of hb are separable and the region between the domains (the D box) is specifically involved in the regulation of a subset of genes. (Hulskamp et al., 1994) hb is responsible for the posterior boundary of h stripe 6. (Langeland et al., 1994) Enhancer elements of hb and Dvir\hb include highly conserved sequence blocks. The regulatory and coding regions of Dvir\hb are fully functional in D.melanogaster and are regulated very much like the endogenous hb gene. (Lukowitz et al., 1994) hb transcripts accumulate to high levels in the nurse cells of the adult ovary. Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs define a minimal genomic fragment of 1.2kb that is enough to confer a hb expression pattern. (Margolis et al., 1994) Comparisons of early development to that in other insects have revealed conservation of some aspects of development, as well as differences that may explain variations in early patterning events. (Patel, 1994) E(z) is required to maintain the expression domain of kni and gt initiated by the maternal hb gradient. A small region of the kni promoter mediates regulation by E(z) and hb. (Pelegri and Lehmann, 1994) hb is autonomously capable of activating the target gene Kr at low concentrations and repressing it at high concentrations. An artificially created hb gradient can organize a large part of the segment pattern, although it is expressed at a different position and in a different shape than the wild type pattern of hb. (Schulz and Tautz, 1994) hb is required for bcd to execute all its functions. The combined activity of bcd and hb, rather than bcd alone, form the morphogenetic gradient that specifies polarity along the embryonic axis and patterns the embryo. (Simpson-Brose et al., 1994) Ectopic ttk expression has no effect on expression of Kr and hb. (Brown and Wu, 1993) Expression of hb has been used as a marker for a subset of neuroblasts in study of requirement for wg gene product for neuroblast specification and formation in the CNS. (Chu-LaGraff and Doe, 1993) Expression of prd depends on activation by gap gene hb, Kr, kni and gt products. Primary pair rule gene products act primarily in subsequent modulation rather than activation of prd stripes. Factors activating prd expression in the pair rule mode interact with those activating it along the dorso-ventral axis. (Gutjahr et al., 1993) The role of hb in the regulation of run mRNA expression in the early embryo has been investigated. (Klingler and Gergen, 1993) The BRE region of Ubx includes binding sites for hb, ftz, tll, en and twi. The binding of their products and the interplay between them is responsible for generating the expression pattern directed by the BRE. (Qian et al., 1993) Translation of hb affected similarly by pumilio product and nos product. (Barker et al., 1992) Embryos with nanos artificially localised anteriorly show suppressed maternal hb expression, leading to the production of a second abdomen, acting through the gap genes. (Gavis and Lehmann, 1992) hb binding sites in Ubx promoter region function to suppress ectopic ftz-mediated activation outside Ubx expression domain. (Muller and Bienz, 1992) In csw- embryos hb remains as a posterior cap and the seventh ftz stripe expands posteriorly, both due to lack of hkb repressing activity. (Perkins et al., 1992) The gene products of bcd, hb, Kr and gt all bind within the 480bp region that is necessary and sufficient for the expression of eve stripe 2. Activation depends on cooperative interactions between hb and bcd. (Small et al., 1992) Orthologs present in M.domestica, C.vicina, P.cinerea, A.mellifera, T.castaneum, E.plebejus, S.lampyridiformis, L.migratoria, P.phalangoides, L.forficatus, B.tentaculata and P.dumerilii. (Sommer et al., 1992) Sequence alignments of orthologous fragments of hb, Kr and sna from a variety of arthropods and other phyla show that amino acid differences are not normally correlated with evolutionary distance between respective species. Amino acids directly involved in DNA binding are the most conserved, and binding specificity of a hb finger from different species is not changed. (Sommer et al., 1992) hb controls thoracic and abdominal segmentation by acting as a classical gradient morphogen. (Struhl et al., 1992) hb does not mediate the activating effect of bcd on gt anterior expression as shown by the slight anterior shift of stripe 3 in hb mutant embryos. (Eldon and Pirrotta, 1991) Expression from the Ecol\lacZ-Kr730 Kr-promoter fusion construct was monitored in hb- embryos to ensure the target site for hb mediated Kr expression had not been lost. (Hoch et al., 1991) hb has a slight repressive effect on gt expression in the posterior of the embryo. (Kraut and Levine, 1991) Mutations in zygotic cardinal gene hb do not interact with RpII140wimp. (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991) hb protein directly regulates the expression of eve stripe 2 expression by DNA binding to the stripe 2 promoter element. (Small et al., 1991) Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo. (Strecker et al., 1991) The 145 bp region carrying the hb1 and hb2 nos response elements (NRE) is essential for cis-acting nos mediated hb repression. The sensitivity of maternal hb mRNA to regulation by nos depends on the number and quality of the NREs in the transcript: two copies confers greater sensitivity than one. The degree of regulation mediated by the NREs depends on the level of nos. (Wharton and Struhl, 1991) Protein DNA interaction studies suggest that hb protein directly binds to the PBX control region of Ubx and acts as a repressor to specify the boundary positions of the PBX pattern. (Zhang et al., 1991) hb is a concentration-dependent activator of transcription. (Zuo et al., 1991) The effect of hkb, fkh and tll on hb expression has been studied. (Casanova, 1990) hb mutants exhibit a deletion in the head and thorax. (Gaul and Jaeckle, 1990) The effect of hb protein concentration on the expression of kni and Kr in the embryo has been studied. (Hulskamp et al., 1990) Characterisation of the crude RNA polymerase II transcription system using transcription initiation of the hb promoter. (Kadonaga, 1990) bcd protein binds to five sites upstream of the transcription start site of the zygotic gape gene hb. Three of these sites are necessary and sufficient for the activation of zygotic hb expression. (Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1989) An investigation of the role of gap genes in expression from Ubx and Antp promoters in the blastoderm embryo reveals that a unique combination of gap genes and pair rule genes is required for their initial activation. (Irish et al., 1989) Mutations in hb alter gt expression in the posterior of the embryo. (Mohler et al., 1989) The on/off periodicity of the pair-rule gene eve involves the interaction of the hb and Kr proteins with defined eve promoter elements. (Stanojevic et al., 1989) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene has been used to define cis-acting regulatory sequences of hb. A 123bp core region is both necessary and sufficient for activation, this may depend on component elements, one of which can substitute the other when present in multiple copies. These elements respond only where the levels of bcd gene product exceed threshold levels. The elements can mediate bcd-dependent gene activation in a yeast heterologous system. (Struhl et al., 1989) Comparison of hb RNA and protein expression reveals that maternally derived hb RNA is translationally regulated in the preblastoderm embryo. (Tautz and Pfeifle, 1989) The evolutionary divergence of both the primary DNA sequence and the spatial expression pattern of Dvir\hb and D.melanogaster hb has been investigated. (Treier et al., 1989) Genetic analysis demonstrates that the effect of the gap gene product hb on homeotic gene expression in the visceral mesoderm is indirect and mediated by the genes that establish parasegment borders, eve and ftz. (Tremml and Bienz, 1989) hb expression has been studied in wild-type and fkh6 embryos. (Weigel et al., 1989) Northern analysis demonstrates that hb encodes at least five overlapping transcripts divisible into two classes based on structure and time of expression. (Bender et al., 1988) hb gene activity is involved in the establishment of the Antp parasegment 4 domain. (Harding and Levine, 1988) Mutant embryos exhibit normal Dfd expression. (Jack et al., 1988) hb was involved in a complementation analysis of the 85A region. (Jones and Rawls, 1988) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs have been used to investigate the hb cis-regulatory region and therefore the regulation of the hb transcripts. The 3.2kb transcript is required for the correct formation of abdominal segments 7 and 8 and the second thoracic segment. Anterior activation of the 2.9kb transcript is essential for gap gene function of hb. (Schroder et al., 1988) Involved in functions related to that of tll. (Strecker et al., 1988) Analysis of embryos mutant for the maternal genes affecting the anterior-posterior segmentation pattern shows that the formation of the early hb gradient is controlled by the osk group of genes, whereas activation of the zygotic anterior expression domain is dependent on bcd activity. (Tautz, 1988) Developmental studies of hb mutants suggest that the hb gene product is required during early development at the onset of gastrulation. (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) hb gene product has been isolated, structural features, spatial and temporal expression patterns determined. Results are compared to equivalent features of the Kr gene product. (Tautz et al., 1987) hb behaves genetically as an antagonist of Pc, their mutant combinations lead to the ectopic expression of genes from the BXC and ANTC. Insufficiency of Pc products can be corrected by insufficiency of hb products or be exaggerated by the excess of the same products. (Capdevila et al., 1986) hb mutants display deletion of gnathal and thoracic segments. (Jurgens et al., 1984) Homozygotes for null alleles of hb (class I alleles of Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) are embryonic lethals of the gap type. Gastrulation abnormal; no cephalic fold; cell death evident at 6 hr later becoming extensive, predominantly in the neuroectoderm; germ band extension curtailed at 50% of embryonic length. After germ band shortening embryos lack thoracic and labial segments; cephalopharyngeal skeleton present but poorly formed; head involution fails. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments fused by the deletion of parasegment 13; A1 segment 1.5 times normal width, with eight to ten deranged denticle rows compared to the normal number of four, and a widened region of naked cuticle. Filzkorper material reduced; posterior spiracles fail to evert. Three ventral ganglia absent; gap appears between suboesophogeal region of ventral nerve cord and more posterior trunk ganglia. Extreme mutants display a reduced number of stripes of ftz expression at cellular blastoderm; the first stripe is widened and followed by a narrowed gap of nonexpression preceding the second stripe; the last pair of stripes are fused (Carroll and Scott, 1986). Hypomorphic alleles display variably less severe disruption depending on allele (hbDrv6 = hbb2 = hbe21 > hbb7 > hbDrv9), the least severe, hbDrv9 lacking only T2. Class II alleles (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard) resemble the null alleles except that some or all of the prothorax and A7 are retained. The class III allele retains the labial segment as well. Class IV alleles lack only the mesothoracic segment. Class V mutants exhibit segment transformations as well as gaps and are described separately in the allele records. Temperature sensitive period of hbts1 during first four hr of development. hb/+ offspring produced from homozygous oogenic clones develop normally; homozygous embryos resulting from such clones display enhanced zygotic phenotype; gnathal, thoracic and the first three abdominal segments replaced by two or three segments of abdominal identity in mirror image relation to the more posterior abdominal segments; weak alleles without maternal effect; extra doses of hb+ in female without effect on phenotype of hb offspring. The anterior zone of hb expression extended posteriorly by six additional cells in the absence of Kr+; conversely the zone of Kr expression expanded anteriorly by six to eight cells in hb mutants; posterior zone appears insensitive to Kr constitution (Jackle, Tautz, Schuh, Seifert and Lehmann, 1986). hb+ appears to set the boundaries of Ubx expression (White and Lehmann, 1986); zone of Ubx expression expanded in both anterior and posterior directions in hb mutant embryos at the stage of full germ band elongation; segmental disposition of expression characteristically deranged prior to the advent of cell death. Although Ubx expression in the ventral nerve chord at the stage of fully shortened germ band extends from parasegments 5-13, Ubx protein detected in parasegments 1, 7-12 and 14 in hb12, 3 and 7-14 in hb1 and head to parasegment 1 plus parasegments 7-12 and 14 in hb7 (White and Lehmann). Phenotypic effects of ftz and hb in double mutants additive in thorax and anterior abdomen, but more severe than expected in head and posterior regions.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_169233 NM_169234 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_731267 NP_731268 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA979585 AAB60232 AAF54270 AAK93262 AAN13395 AF295808 AW943224 AY051838 CAA68377 CZ483046 S70574 U17742 Y00274 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 41032 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P05084
Other Crossreferences
	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 15017 InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain (IPR013087) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD34229
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66207 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001180 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001180 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001180 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9786-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001180 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 41032 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /segment/hunchbk1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 41032 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001180 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0001180 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P05084
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 13 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG9786 (Kreiman, 2004, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) hb (Sanders et al., 2008, Peel et al., 2005, Wawersik and Van, 2005, Cho et al., 2005, Lopes et al., 2007, Jaeger and Reinitz, 2006, Cho et al., 2006, Delanoue and Davis, 2005, McGregor, 2006, Odenwald, 2005, Wheeler et al., 2006, Bartolome and Charlesworth, 2006, Gresens and Cook, 2006.8.29, Durando et al., 2000, Marques-Souza et al., 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Kreiman, 2004, Van De Bor et al., 2005, Zeremski et al., 2003, Aerts et al., 2007, Gavis et al., 2008, Myasnikova et al., 2009, Venken et al., 2009, McDermott et al., 2012, Fu and Ma, 2005, Segal et al., 2008, Fu et al., 2003, Holloway et al., 2008, Lopes et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Lecuyer et al., 2007, Bergmann et al., 2008, Bialek et al., 2008, Kadyrova et al., 2007, Azevedo et al., 2006, Yucel and Small, 2006, Schulz et al., 2006, Kohwi et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2011, Kaplan et al., 2011, Fomekong-Nanfack et al., 2009, Moses, 2009, Moran and Jimenez, 2006, Bonds et al., 2007, Shaw et al., 2002, Aswani et al., 2010, Meyer et al., 2010, Saunders and Howard, 2009, Hare et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Fowlkes et al., 2008, Wilson and Dearden, 2011, Erdmann et al., 2009, Fomekong-Nanfack et al., 2009, Chen and Condron, 2009, Li et al., 2011, Myasnikova et al., 2011, Perry et al., 2011, Kuzin et al., 2011, Liang et al., 2012, Clyde et al., 2003, Astigarraga et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, De Renzis et al., 2007, McDermott and Kliman, 2008, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Tran and Doe, 2008, Surkova et al., 2008, Yu and Small, 2008, Aguilar-Fuentes et al., 2006, Schuettengruber et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2009, Chen and Condron, 2008, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Manu et al., 2009, He et al., 2009, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Weber et al., 2009, Noor and Kliman, 2003, Wolf et al., 2002, Pisarev et al., 2009, Butler et al., 2009, Merabet et al., 2005, Jennings et al., 2008, Janssens et al., 2006, Kanai et al., 2005, Grosskortenhaus et al., 2005, Löhr et al., 2009, Okabe-Oho et al., 2009, Ashyraliyev et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Surkova et al., 2008, Nakajima et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2009, Grad et al., 2004, Manu et al., 2009, Luengo Hendriks et al., 2006, Keranen et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2010, Dilão and Muraro, 2010, Blanco and Gehring, 2008, Gurunathan et al., 2004, Lopes et al., 2008, Lopes et al., 2005, Porcher et al., 2010, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Spirov and Holloway, 2003, Parry et al., 2010, Sung et al., 2013, Marco et al., 2009, Dilão and Muraro, 2010, Liu and Ma, 2011, Holloway et al., 2011, Ajuria et al., 2011, Singh et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Goto et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, He et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Vorwald-Denholtz and De Robertis, 2011, Kazemian et al., 2010, Li and Arnosti, 2010, Tchuraev and Galimzyanov, 2009, Fowlkes et al., 2011, Ashyraliyev et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2011, Kozlov et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Hou et al., 2012, Sokolowski et al., 2012, Touma et al., 2012, Hirono et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, He et al., 2012, Miles et al., 2012, Kao et al., 2012, Aswani et al., 2012, Kvon et al., 2012, Wunderlich et al., 2012, Nikulova et al., 2012) Hb (Fichelson et al., 2005, Ma, 2005, Skeath and Thor, 2003, Hou et al., 2002, Isshiki et al., 2001, Chang et al., 2000, Grosskortenhaus et al., 2006, Yu and Small, 2006, Krause et al., 2006, Tran and Doe, 2007, Jansen et al., 2007, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Karcavich and Doe, 2005, Lee and Lundell, 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Bergmann et al., 2007, Jennings et al., 2006, Gregor et al., 2007, Yu and Small, 2008, Song et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2007, Papatsenko and Levine, 2011, Kim et al., 2011, Papatsenko et al., 2009, Nègre et al., 2011, Hardway et al., 2008, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, He et al., 2008, Haecker et al., 2007, Wheeler et al., 2008, Rogulja-Ortmann et al., 2008, Papatsenko and Levine, 2008, Tkacik et al., 2008, Noyes et al., 2008, Crocker and Erives, 2008, Jennings et al., 2008, He et al., 2010, Lucchetta et al., 2009, He et al., 2010, Bauer et al., 2010, Aerts et al., 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, He et al., 2010, Kitajima et al., 2010, Morton de Lachapelle and Bergmann, 2010, Orian et al., 2007, Helman et al., 2011, Mace et al., 2010, Guenin et al., 2010, Gursky et al., 2011, Hardway, 2012, Nikulova et al., 2012) HB (Kim et al., 2010, Li et al., 2008, MacArthur et al., 2009, Ho et al., 2009, Bradley et al., 2010) hbHLH (Ohsako et al., 1994) Hunchback (Pollard et al., 2007) l(3)85Ah   Rg-bx (Capdevila et al., 1986) Rg-pbx (Duncan and Montgomery, 2002, Lewis, 1998, Bender et al., 1987, Casanova et al., 1985, Capdevila and Garcia-Bellido, 1981, ) R-pbx
Name Synonym	hunchback (Sanders et al., 2008, Tautz, 1987.5.14, Wawersik and Van, 2005, Lohr et al., 2007, Jaeger and Reinitz, 2006, Cho et al., 2006, Veitia, 2006, McGregor, 2006, King-Jones and Thummel, 2005, Durando et al., 2000, Kreiman, 2004, Zeremski et al., 2003, Gavis et al., 2008, Lee and Lundell, 2007, Myasnikova et al., 2009, Holloway et al., 2008, Lemke et al., 2008, Yu et al., 2008, Bergmann et al., 2008, Bialek et al., 2008, Kadyrova et al., 2007, Yucel and Small, 2006, Schulz et al., 2006, Ogawa and Miyake, 2011, Moran and Jimenez, 2006, Gregor et al., 2005, Bonds et al., 2007, Wilson and Dearden, 2011, Perry et al., 2011, Gupta et al., 2009, Ishihara and Shibata, 2008, Liang et al., 2012, Riede, 2004, Astigarraga et al., 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Haecker et al., 2007, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Bosveld et al., 2008, Tkacik et al., 2008, Yu and Small, 2008, Martinek et al., 2008, Aguilar-Fuentes et al., 2006, Manu et al., 2009, Weber et al., 2009, Pisarev et al., 2009, Butler et al., 2009, Merabet et al., 2005, Iovino et al., 2009, Löhr et al., 2009, Surkova et al., 2008, Wilkie et al., 2001, Keranen et al., 2006, Blanco and Gehring, 2008, Zamparo and Perkins, 2009, Lopes et al., 2008, Lopes et al., 2005, Porcher et al., 2010, Liu and Ma, 2011, Holloway et al., 2011, Ajuria et al., 2011, Goto et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Bieler et al., 2011, He et al., 2011, Vorwald-Denholtz and De Robertis, 2011, Mace et al., 2010, Li and Arnosti, 2010, Wu and Xie, 2008, Emberly, 2008, Davis et al., 2011, Hirono et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Gursky et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2008) Hunchback (Gregor et al., 2007, Ochoa-Espinosa and Small, 2006, Yu and Small, 2006, Hallikas et al., 2006, Karcavich and Doe, 2005, Nishimura et al., 2007, Jennings et al., 2006, Doe, 2006, Gregor et al., 2007, Yu and Small, 2008, Levine and Tjian, 2003, Odenwald, 2005, Shav-Tal and Singer, 2005, Kerszberg and Wolpert, 2007, Zhang and Moret, 2010, Papatsenko and Levine, 2011, Kim et al., 2011, Hare et al., 2008, Papatsenko et al., 2009, Nègre et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2010, Hardway et al., 2008, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, He et al., 2008, Tran and Doe, 2008, Crocker and Erives, 2008, Nie et al., 2009, Jennings et al., 2008, MacArthur et al., 2009, Lucchetta et al., 2009, Shepherd et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Dilão and Muraro, 2010, Tran et al., 2010, Lusk and Eisen, 2010, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Kastrup et al., 2008, Dilão and Muraro, 2010, He et al., 2010, Morton de Lachapelle and Bergmann, 2010, Shepherd et al., 2009, Kvon et al., 2012, Hardway, 2012, Nikulova et al., 2012) HUNCHBACK (Ho et al., 2009) Regulator-of-postbithorax
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0015224
References ( 925 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 925 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 547 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 202 ) Retraction  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 16 ) Abstract  ( 122 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 6 ) Letter  ( 5 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 5 ) Obituary  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 ) Poem  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 56 )
	Dubuis et al., 2013, Mol. Syst. Biol. 9: 639 Accurate measurements of dynamics and reproducibility in small genetic networks. [FBrf0220617] Shu and Li, 2013, Theor. Biol. Med. Model. 10(1): 11 A statistical thin-tail test of predicting regulatory regions in the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0221021] Staller et al., 2013, Genetics 193(1): 51--61 Depleting Gene Activities in Early Drosophila Embryos with the "Maternal-Gal4-shRNA" System. [FBrf0220341] Sung et al., 2013, Curr. Biol. 23(2): 133--138 Number of nuclear divisions in the Drosophila blastoderm controlled by onset of zygotic transcription. [FBrf0220648] Aswani et al., 2012, Methods Cell Biol. 110: 243--261 Nonparametric variable selection and modeling for spatial and temporal regulatory networks. [FBrf0217971] Busser et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002531 A machine learning approach for identifying novel cell type-specific transcriptional regulators of myogenesis. [FBrf0217716] Crombach et al., 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(7): e1002589 Efficient reverse-engineering of a developmental gene regulatory network. [FBrf0218873] Francisco J P et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 370(2): 165--172 The role of Bicoid cooperative binding in the patterning of sharp borders in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219463] Hardway, 2012, Math. Biosci. 237(1-2): 1--16 Gene network models robust to spatial scaling and noisy input. [FBrf0218189] He et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(3): 1059--1070 Evolutionary origins of transcription factor binding site clusters. [FBrf0217421] Hirono et al., 2012, Gene Expr. Patterns 12(1-2): 11--17 Identification of hunchback cis-regulatory DNA conferring temporal expression in neuroblasts and neurons. [FBrf0217382] Hou et al., 2012, BMC Genomics 13: 359 The ribonuclease Dis3 is an essential regulator of the developmental transcriptome. [FBrf0219373] Kao et al., 2012, Neuron 73(4): 677--684 Hierarchical deployment of factors regulating temporal fate in a diverse neuronal lineage of the Drosophila central brain. [FBrf0217643] Kim et al., 2012, BMC Syst. Biol. 6: 31 Spatiotemporal network motif reveals the biological traits of developmental gene regulatory networks in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219366] Kim et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(4): e34016 Negative Regulation of EGFR/MAPK Pathway by Pumilio in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218126] Kozlov et al., 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(8): e1002635 Modeling of gap gene expression in Drosophila kruppel mutants. [FBrf0219301] Kvon et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(9): 908--913 HOT regions function as patterned developmental enhancers and have a distinct cis-regulatory signature. [FBrf0218184] Liang et al., 2012, Development 139(11): 1956--1964 Response to the BMP gradient requires highly combinatorial inputs from multiple patterning systems in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0218213] McDermott et al., 2012, Biol. Open 1(5): 488--497 Drosophila Syncrip binds the gurken mRNA localisation signal and regulates localised transcripts during axis specification. [FBrf0218722] Miles et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(4): 356--368 Pumilio facilitates miRNA regulation of the E2F3 oncogene. [FBrf0217481] Nikulova et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res. 40(12): e93 CORECLUST: identification of the conserved CRM grammar together with prediction of gene regulation. [FBrf0218757] Shu and Li, 2012, Comput. Biol. Med. 42(9): 935--941 A statistical fat-tail test of predicting regulatory regions in the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0219304] Sokolowski et al., 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(8): e1002654 Mutual repression enhances the steepness and precision of gene expression boundaries. [FBrf0219378] Spirov et al., 2012, ScientificWorldJournal 2012: 560101 In silico evolution of gene cooption in pattern-forming gene networks. [FBrf0220710] Touma et al., 2012, Development 139(4): 657--666 Drosophila Polycomb complexes restrict neuroblast competence to generate motoneurons. [FBrf0217274] Wunderlich et al., 2012, Mol. Syst. Biol. 8: 604 Dissecting sources of quantitative gene expression pattern divergence between Drosophila species. [FBrf0219171] Ajuria et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 915--924 Capicua DNA-binding sites are general response elements for RTK signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0212975] Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Development 138(24): 5311--5320 Seven up acts as a temporal factor during two different stages of neuroblast 5-6 development. [FBrf0216799] Bieler et al., 2011, Biophys. J. 101(2): 287--296 Whole-embryo modeling of early segmentation in Drosophila identifies robust and fragile expression domains. [FBrf0214381] Davis et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 66 Identification of common and cell type specific LXXLL motif EcR cofactors using a bioinformatics refined candidate RNAi screen in Drosophila melanogaster cell lines. [FBrf0216830] Fowlkes et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(10): e1002346 A conserved developmental patterning network produces quantitatively different output in multiple species of Drosophila. [FBrf0216666] Goto et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(14): 5454--5459 Sexually dimorphic shaping of interneuron dendrites involves the hunchback transcription factor. [FBrf0213400] Gursky et al., 2011, BMC Syst. Biol. 5(1): 118 Mechanisms of gap gene expression canalization in the Drosophila blastoderm. [FBrf0217946] He et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e19122 A multiscale investigation of bicoid-dependent transcriptional events in Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0213620] Helman et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(13): 1102--1110 Phosphorylation of Groucho Mediates RTK Feedback Inhibition and Prolonged Pathway Target Gene Expression. [FBrf0214255] Hengenius et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e26797 Analysis of Gap Gene Regulation in a 3D Organism-Scale Model of the Drosophila melanogaster Embryo. [FBrf0216698] Holloway et al., 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol. 7(2): e1001069 Gene Expression Noise in Spatial Patterning: hunchback Promoter Structure Affects Noise Amplitude and Distribution in Drosophila Segmentation. [FBrf0213002] Kaplan et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(2): e1001290 Quantitative Models of the Mechanisms That Control Genome-Wide Patterns of Transcription Factor Binding during Early Drosophila Development. [FBrf0213025] Kim et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(6): 880--887 Gene regulation by MAPK substrate competition. [FBrf0213872] Kim et al., 2011, Mol. Syst. Biol. 7: 467 Substrate-dependent control of MAPK phosphorylation in vivo. [FBrf0212870] Kohwi et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1727--1735 The pipsqueak-domain proteins Distal antenna and Distal antenna-related restrict Hunchback neuroblast expression and early-born neuronal identity. [FBrf0213466] Kuzin et al., 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(3-4): 165--177 Functional analysis of conserved sequences within a temporally restricted neural precursor cell enhancer. [FBrf0213297] Li et al., 2011, Genome Biol. 12(4): R34 The role of chromatin accessibility in directing the widespread, overlapping patterns of Drosophila transcription factor binding. [FBrf0216471] Liu and Ma, 2011, Nat. Cell Biol. 13(1): 22--29 Fates-shifted is an F-box protein that targets Bicoid for degradation and regulates developmental fate determination in Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0212612] Myasnikova et al., 2011, BMC Bioinformatics 12: 320 A regression system for estimation of errors introduced by confocal imaging into gene expression data in situ. [FBrf0215275] Nègre et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 527--531 A cis-regulatory map of the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0213303] Ogawa and Miyake, 2011, Biosystems 103(3): 400--409 Generation model of positional values as cell operation during the development of multicellular organisms. [FBrf0213001] Papatsenko and Levine, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7): e21145 The Drosophila gap gene network is composed of two parallel toggle switches. [FBrf0214233] Perry et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(33): 13570--13575 Multiple enhancers ensure precision of gap gene-expression patterns in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0214713] Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol. 7(7): e1002098 Automatic Annotation of Spatial Expression Patterns via Sparse Bayesian Factor Models. [FBrf0214618] Seong et al., 2011, Biogerontology 12(2): 93--107 Genome-wide analysis of low-dose irradiated male Drosophila melanogaster with extended longevity. [FBrf0213307] Singh et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 352(1): 104--115 The Bin3 RNA methyltransferase is required for repression of caudal translation in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0213172] Struffi et al., 2011, Development 138(19): 4291--4299 Combinatorial activation and concentration-dependent repression of the Drosophila even skipped stripe 3+7 enhancer. [FBrf0215233] Vorwald-Denholtz and De Robertis, 2011, Gene Expr. Patterns 11(7): 456--463 Temporal pattern of the posterior expression of Wingless in Drosophila blastoderm. [FBrf0214814] Wilson and Dearden, 2011, Development 138(16): 3497--3507 Diversity in insect axis formation: two orthodenticle genes and hunchback act in anterior patterning and influence dorsoventral organization in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). [FBrf0216385] Zhang et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 353(2): 259--265 Drosophila long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase acts like a gap gene in embryonic segmentation. [FBrf0213522] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...