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Gene Dmel\Hn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Hn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Henna	Annotation symbol	CG7399
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001208
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	16 publicly available
Also Known As	TPH, PAH, DTPH, Trh
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-23.0
Cytogenetic map	66A12-66A12	Sequence location	3L:7,753,553..7,756,266 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Henna is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Hn (CG7399, FBgn0001208). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: L-phenylalanine catabolic process; eye pigment biosynthetic process; long-term memory; phagocytosis, engulfment. 25 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: eye; pigment cell. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase; Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, C-terminal; Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, iron/copper binding site; Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, tetrameric form; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the larval period, during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult hindgut, adult testis. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1638325_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Hn. Gene sequence location is 3L:7753553..7756266.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Hn: Henna A recessive eye color mutant, amorphic alleles of which show slight dominance. The first allele described, being associated with a deficiency, was homozygous lethal, and therefore only the slight dominant phenotype of homogenously dark, dull brown eye color could be scored; thus the dominant symbol Hn was applied. All subsequent alleles homozygous viable, exhibiting dark brown sepia-like or clot-like eyecolor in homozygous flies. Red pteridine eye pigments, drosopterins, reduced and sepiapterin accumulates; sepiapterin reductase levels reduced (Barthelmess and Robertson, 1970, Genet. Res. 15: 65-86). Eye color of Hnr and Hnr3 autonomous in transplants of optic disk into wild-type hosts (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936, Genetics 21: 230). Larval Malpighian tubes bright yellow as in wild type (Beadle, 1937, Genetics 22: 587-611). RK1 or 2 as homozygote.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 66A12-66A12   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0721708223&P{EP}Rac2EP3118 and P{lacW}Nmtj1C7
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 66A-66A     (Silva, 1997.10.7) 66A11-66A12   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Cuenca et al., 1998) 66A-66A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Neckameyer and White, 1992)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-23.0
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Hn for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Hn-RA FBtr0076811  NM_079239   1625   452 Hn-RB FBtr0100225  NM_001014573   1617   447 Hn-RC FBtr0334645  NM_001274613   1527   452 Hn-RD FBtr0334646  NM_001274614   1821   178
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.75 (northern blot) (Neckameyer and White, 1992) 1.5 (northern blot) (Morales et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Hn-PA   FBpp0076523   51.7   452   5.66     NP_523963   AAF50517 Hn-PB   FBpp0099602   51.0   447   5.49     NP_001014573   AAX52756 Hn-PC   FBpp0306707   51.7   452   5.66     NP_001261542   AGB94237 Hn-PD   FBpp0306708   20.1   178   4.34     NP_001261543   AGB94238
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	453 (aa); 50 (kD observed) (Neckameyer and White, 1992) 453 (aa) (Morales et al., 1990) 50-52 (kD observed); 50-52 (kD) (Silva et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, iron/copper binding site (IPR018301) Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (IPR001273) Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, tetrameric form (IPR005961) Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like (IPR019773) Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, C-terminal (IPR019774)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA699278   AE014296 AAF50517   AE014296 AAX52756   AE014296 AGB94237   AE014296 AGB94238   AI062277   AI063555   AI063586   AI107978   AI108447   AI109820   AI109989   AI113982   AI133893   AI134026   AI238840   AI239057   AI295826   AI297210   AI297644   AI387432   AI388654   AI388896   AI403214   AI403807   AI405681   AI513105   AI517831   AJ001717   AJ001718 CAA04950   AJ001719 CAB51600   AJ001719 CAB51601   AJ001720   AJ001721   AJ001722 CAB51599   AJ001723 CAB51597   AW941467   AY069306 AAL39451   AY231675   BI564671   BI572784   BI572984   BI588096   BI623233   BI629389   BT125933   CO180117   CO180217   CO184314   CO193095   CO281786   CO283065   CO287536   CO292899   EC058565   EC073757   EC085235   EC214948   EC222153   EC224135   EC249489   EL880958   GH954902   GH955908   GH957031   GH965096   GH971581   GH972936   GH981661   GH983212   M32802 AAA69513   M81833   X98116 CAA66797   X98116 CAA66798
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P17276
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q59E23
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic/larval fat body   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- larval stage     (Morales et al., 1990) embryonic stage 1 -- 11   organism   • yolk granule (Neckameyer and White, 1992)   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) Comment:reference states 0-6 hr AEL larval stage   embryonic/larval fat body   (Morales et al., 1990) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval fat body   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) mouthpart   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) third instar larval cuticle   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) adult stage   adult head   (Neckameyer and White, 1992)   (Neckameyer and White, 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Hn transcript is detected at low levels in 0-12 hr embryos and at high levels in 12-24 hr embryos and in larval stages. Hn transcript is expressed at high levels in the larval fat body. (Morales et al., 1990) The Hn transcript is present in the adult head and body, and in early embryos. The transcript localizes to the fat body in third instar larval sections, and is also detected in the mouthparts and cuticle. Embryonic Hn transcript is ubiquitous, and appears to be concentrated in yolk granules. (Neckameyer and White, 1992)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval fat body   (Silva et al., 1992) pupal stage     (Silva et al., 1992) adult stage   head   (Silva et al., 1992) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   neuron of abdominal neuromere | dorso-lateral & segmentally repeated   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) ventral nerve cord | restricted & segmentally repeated   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) neuron of ventral nerve cord | medial & segmentally repeated   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) neuron of ventral nerve cord | segmentally repeated & ventro-lateral   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 11   organism   • yolk granule (Neckameyer and White, 1992) larval stage   embryonic/larval brain | restricted   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) central nervous system | restricted   (Neckameyer and White, 1992) larval stage -- pupal stage     (Neckameyer and White, 1992) adult stage   adult head   (Neckameyer and White, 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data
	An antibody against monkey liver phenylalanine hydroxylase cross reacts with a Drosophila protein present in samples from third instar larvae to adult. The strongest signal was seen at pupation with a secondary peak at the end of the pupal stage. Levels quickly decrease in the adult. The protein was also studied in isolated tissues and was detected in 3rd instar larval fat body and in the adult head. Reduced enzyme activity and CRM are observed in Hn(r) and Hn(r3) mutants. (Silva et al., 1992) The Hn protein is present in larval and pupal stages, as well as in the adult head. A 50 kD Hn protein is detected starting in 12-18 hr embryos, and persists through pupal and larval stages, and in adult heads. An additional 45 kD protein is detected in early embryos and in female abdomens. Immunolocalization to central nervous systems dissected from different larval stages stains distinct neurons in the ventral ganglia and brain lobes. Pairs of ventral lateral neurons staining with Hn protein match the position of serotonin-pos tive neurons. The position of dorsolateral neurons in the abdominal neuromeres and medial unpaired neurons staining with Hn match the position of catecholamine-positive neurons. In 0-6 hr embryos, Hn protein is detected in yolk granules. (Neckameyer and White, 1992) Hn protein is detected from late third instar larval to early adult stages, with highest levels at pupariation and a smaller peak at the end of the pupal stage. In dissected third instar larval tissue, only the fat body showed expression of Hn protein. In young adult flies, expression was detected in the head. (Silva et al., 1992)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
lipid particle inferred from direct assay (Beller et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult hindgut, adult testis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body    5662 Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass    518.25 Adult Head    2438.2 Adult Eye    1792.35 Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body    2985.7 Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart    1324.15 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2908.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2022.7 Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass    2151.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body  (5662) Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass  518.25 Adult Head  (2438.2) Adult Eye  (1792.35) Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body  (2985.7) Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart  (1324.15) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (2908.6) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (2022.7) Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass  (2151.2) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body  (5662) Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass    518.25 Adult Head  (2438.2) Adult Eye  (1792.35) Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body  (2985.7) Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart  (1324.15) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (2908.6) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (2022.7) Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass  (2151.2) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body    5662 Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass    518.25 Adult Head    2438.2 Adult Eye    1792.35 Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body    2985.7 Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart    1324.15 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2908.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2022.7 Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass    2151.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body    5662 Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass    518.25 Adult Head    2438.2 Adult Eye    1792.35 Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body    2985.7 Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart    1324.15 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2908.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2022.7 Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass    2151.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body  (5662) Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass  518.25 Adult Head  (2438.2) Adult Eye  (1792.35) Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body  (2985.7) Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart  (1324.15) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (2908.6) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (2022.7) Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass  (2151.2) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body  (5662) Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass    518.25 Adult Head  (2438.2) Adult Eye  (1792.35) Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body  (2985.7) Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart  1324.15 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (2908.6) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (2022.7) Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass  (2151.2) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.175 Larval Midgut    4.5 Larval Hindgut    39 Larval Malpighian Tubules    7.6 Larval Fat Body    5662 Larval Salivary Gland    62.1 Larval Trachea    72.925 Larval Carcass    518.25 Adult Head    2438.2 Adult Eye    1792.35 Adult Brain    37.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2 Adult Crop    33.4 Adult Midgut    2.9 Adult Hindgut    105.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    32.5 Adult Fat Body    2985.7 Adult Salivary Gland    11.6 Adult Heart    1324.15 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2908.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2022.7 Adult Ovary    3.6 Adult Testis    163.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.6 Adult Carcass    2151.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    2438.2   NA  Eye    1792.35   NA  Brain    37.8   1.175  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    41.2   NA  Crop    33.4   4.5  Midgut    2.9   39  Hindgut    105.6   7.6  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   5662  Fat Body    2985.7   62.1  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    1324.15   72.925  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2908.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2022.7   NA  Ovary    3.6   NA  Testis    163.4   NA  Male Accessory Gland    2.6   518.25  Carcass    2151.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    47 head, virgin 4-day female    49 head, virgin 20-day female    167 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    55 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    56 head, mated 4-day male    75 head, mated 20-day male    112 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    42 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    31 carcass, 4-day adult    27 carcass, 20-day adult    55 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (47) head, virgin 4-day female  (49) head, virgin 20-day female  (167) head, mated 1-day female  (35) head, mated 4-day female  (55) head, mated 20-day female  (117) head, mated 1-day male  (56) head, mated 4-day male  (75) head, mated 20-day male  (112) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (98) fat body, white prepupae  (49) fat body, pupae P8  (42) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult  (31) carcass, 4-day adult  (27) carcass, 20-day adult  (55) ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    47 head, virgin 4-day female    49 head, virgin 20-day female  (167) head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    55 head, mated 20-day female  (117) head, mated 1-day male    56 head, mated 4-day male    75 head, mated 20-day male  (112) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    42 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    31 carcass, 4-day adult    27 carcass, 20-day adult    55 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    47 head, virgin 4-day female    49 head, virgin 20-day female    167 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    55 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    56 head, mated 4-day male    75 head, mated 20-day male    112 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    42 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    31 carcass, 4-day adult    27 carcass, 20-day adult    55 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    47 head, virgin 4-day female    49 head, virgin 20-day female    167 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    55 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    56 head, mated 4-day male    75 head, mated 20-day male    112 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    42 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    31 carcass, 4-day adult    27 carcass, 20-day adult    55 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (47) head, virgin 4-day female  (49) head, virgin 20-day female  (167) head, mated 1-day female  (35) head, mated 4-day female  (55) head, mated 20-day female  (117) head, mated 1-day male  (56) head, mated 4-day male  (75) head, mated 20-day male  (112) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (98) fat body, white prepupae  (49) fat body, pupae P8  (42) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult  31 carcass, 4-day adult  27 carcass, 20-day adult  (55) ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    47 head, virgin 4-day female    49 head, virgin 20-day female  (167) head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    55 head, mated 20-day female  117 head, mated 1-day male    56 head, mated 4-day male    75 head, mated 20-day male  112 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    42 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    31 carcass, 4-day adult    27 carcass, 20-day adult    55 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    47 head, virgin 4-day female    49 head, virgin 20-day female    167 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    55 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    56 head, mated 4-day male    75 head, mated 20-day male    112 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    4 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    42 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    31 carcass, 4-day adult    27 carcass, 20-day adult    55 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the larval period, during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr    35 larva L1    50 larva L2    39 larva L3 12hr old    71 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    80 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    59 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP    61 pupae 4d postWPP    26 adult male 01day    63 adult male 05day    42 adult male 30day    29 adult female 01day    29 adult female 05day    36 adult female 30day    32 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr  (35) larva L1  (50) larva L2  (39) larva L3 12hr old  (71) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (80) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (59) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (31) white prepupae new  26 white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP  (61) pupae 4d postWPP  26 adult male 01day  (63) adult male 05day  (42) adult male 30day  (29) adult female 01day  (29) adult female 05day  (36) adult female 30day  (32) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr    35 larva L1    50 larva L2    39 larva L3 12hr old    71 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    80 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    59 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP    61 pupae 4d postWPP    26 adult male 01day    63 adult male 05day    42 adult male 30day    29 adult female 01day    29 adult female 05day    36 adult female 30day    32 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr    35 larva L1    50 larva L2    39 larva L3 12hr old    71 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    80 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    59 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP    61 pupae 4d postWPP    26 adult male 01day    63 adult male 05day    42 adult male 30day    29 adult female 01day    29 adult female 05day    36 adult female 30day    32 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr    35 larva L1    50 larva L2    39 larva L3 12hr old    71 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    80 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    59 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP    61 pupae 4d postWPP    26 adult male 01day    63 adult male 05day    42 adult male 30day    29 adult female 01day    29 adult female 05day    36 adult female 30day    32 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr  (35) larva L1  (50) larva L2  (39) larva L3 12hr old  (71) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (80) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (59) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  31 white prepupae new  26 white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP  (61) pupae 4d postWPP  26 adult male 01day  (63) adult male 05day  (42) adult male 30day  29 adult female 01day  29 adult female 05day  (36) adult female 30day  32 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr    35 larva L1    50 larva L2    39 larva L3 12hr old    71 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    80 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    59 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP    61 pupae 4d postWPP    26 adult male 01day    63 adult male 05day    42 adult male 30day    29 adult female 01day    29 adult female 05day    36 adult female 30day    32 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    25 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    19 embryo 22-24hr    35 larva L1    50 larva L2    39 larva L3 12hr old    71 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    80 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    59 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    21 pupae 3d postWPP    61 pupae 4d postWPP    26 adult male 01day    63 adult male 05day    42 adult male 30day    29 adult female 01day    29 adult female 05day    36 adult female 30day    32 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    65 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (30) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (65) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (33) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    65 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    65 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    65 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (65) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (33) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    65 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    65 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    33 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_10 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_15
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • HL08079 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001208 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG7399-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Hn Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive Hn1 partially lethal - majority die | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 HndsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HnGD12227 viable | good HnrI Other Phenotypes Allele eye color defective Hn53k HnP Hnr2 Hnr3 Hnr53j Hnr HnrI HnrN eye color defective (with Hnbp) Hnr3 eye color defective (with Hnr3) Hnbp eye color defective | recessive Hnbp eye color defective | semidominant Hn1 feeding behavior defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 HndsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 HndsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS visible | recessive Hnr3MN Phenotype manifest in Allele eye Hnbp Hn1 eye (with Hnbp) Hnr3 eye (with Hnr3) Hnbp pigment cell Hn1 Hn53k HnP Hnr Hnr2 Hnr3 Hnr53j HnrI HnrN
Classical Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Hn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HnP spontaneous 6 -- Hnr spontaneous 5 -- Hnr3 spontaneous 3 Yes Hn1 X ray 0 -- Hn53k U.V. 0 -- Hnbp spontaneous 0 Yes Hnr20VP natural population 0 -- Hnr28BP natural population 0 -- Hnr2 0 -- Hnr3MN ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Hnr53j U.V. 0 -- Hnr63BO natural population 0 -- Hnr79i natural population 0 -- HnrI spontaneous 0 -- HnrN spontaneous 0 -- Hnsed-79i 0 -- Hnsed-81d 0 -- Hnunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Hn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HnGD12227 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HnJF02261 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HndsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes HnKK108166 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HnNIG.7399R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HnScer\UAS.cNa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes HnScer\UAS.P\T.cWa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)BSC459 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3L)Hn (Lewis, 1956) Df(3L)HnD-1 (Allada et al., 1998, Grasso et al., 1996) Df(3L)HnD-2 (Allada et al., 1998, Grasso et al., 1996) Df(3L)RM5-2 (Allada et al., 1998, Grasso et al., 1996) Df(3L)RM5-3 (Grasso et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)RM1-13 (Grasso et al., 1996) Df(3L)RM2-2 (Grasso et al., 1996) Df(3L)RM5-1 (Grasso et al., 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD12227} NA P{KK108166} NA P{NIG.7399R} NA P{TRiP.JF02261} NA P{UAS-Hn.dsRNA} NA P{UAS-Hn.N} NA P{UASp-Hn.W} NA GAL4 construct P{Hn.247-Gal4} No P{Hn.493-Gal4} No P{Hn.819-Gal4} No P{Hn.996-Gal4} No P{Hn-GAL4.K} No
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions roo{}Hnr3 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 9 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity inferred from direct assay (Bel et al., 1992) inferred from mutant phenotype (Silva et al., 1992)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
eye pigment biosynthetic process inferred from direct assay (Bel et al., 1992) long-term memory inferred from genetic interaction with Ddc (Chen et al., 2012) L-phenylalanine catabolic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Silva et al., 1992) phagocytosis, engulfment inferred from mutant phenotype (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
lipid particle inferred from direct assay (Beller et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
iron ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001273, InterPro:IPR018301 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P04176 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
L-phenylalanine catabolic process non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) oxidation-reduction process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001273, InterPro:IPR005961, InterPro:IPR018301, InterPro:IPR019773, InterPro:IPR019774 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Hn allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64301 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001208 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38871
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (63) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG647GD1 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6ZPF3Q Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6SBCT8 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6WSTRP Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6MM18M
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG647GD1)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Hn     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD14035 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM25002 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG14450 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\Hn Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10325 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA20325 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL18039 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK21215 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ13886 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI13137 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH14976 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6ZPF3Q)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL017029   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP005712   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ002148
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6SBCT8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC408622   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG023174   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH19037   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP20957   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO15175   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL14804   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH21851   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB10604   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10538   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI007803   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\PAH   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM426310   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000087
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6WSTRP)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_44381 Y Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_220530 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW000796 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6MM18M)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\tph-1 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\B0432.5 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\pah-1 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_000836gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_025770gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003725gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_000835gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\th2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pah Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\tph1b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\tph1a Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\tph2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\tph1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\th Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000025926 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000030150 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pah Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PAH Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\TPH1 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\LOC771761 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\tyrosine hydroxylase Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\TPH2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Tph2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Th Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pah Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Tph2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pah Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Th Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Tph1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAH Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\TPH1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\TPH2 Y
Human Orthologs (3)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PAH     Hsap\TPH1     Hsap\TPH2
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD14035 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM25002 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG14450 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\Hn Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10325 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA20325 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL18039 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK21215 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ13886 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI13137 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH14976
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 16 )
Bloomington	519 Hnr3 sr1 522 jv1 Hnr h1 29540 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02261}attP2 1431 su(ve)1 ru1 rhove-1 jv1 Hnr h1 app1
Kyoto	105959 Hnr3 sr1 105961 jv1 Hnr h1 106309 su(ve)1 ru1 rhove-1 jv1 Hnr h1 app1 103319 FdhnNC1 / TM6, HnP ssaP88 Ubxbx-34e UbxP15 e1 101608 Df(3R)cu, Sb1 / TM6, HnP ssaP88 Ubxbx-34e UbxP15 e1 103350 Df(3R)L127 / TM6, HnP ssaP88 Ubxbx-34e UbxP15 e1 ; Dp(3;1)B152 101631 es cand1 / TM6, HnP ssaP88 Ubxbx-34e UbxP15 e1
VDRC	v35240 w1118; P{GD12227}v35240
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR03I22 BACR34B24 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 54 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	HL08079 LP11814
Other clones	yak-em_Hn
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH03428 GH03481 GH05892 GH07281 GH09189 GH09411 GH10563 GH10907 GH11362 GH14964 GH15227 GH17957 GH19619 GH19952 GH22611 GH23321 GH25785 GH28895 LP09577 LP11467 LP11986 RH08421 RH08562 RH29121 RH55339 RH58249 RH62039
Other clones	39012 51135 72157 149506 149670 CK01.82D.H3 EC00939 EC01239 EC27876 EC35116 EK066130 EK158810 EK162154 EK201158 GH01426 IP10774 RP004067544 RP004088640 RP004106270 RP004212901 RP004229241 RP004389399 RP004410774 RP004496277
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001208 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38871
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Neckameyer and White, 1992)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells. (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) Homologous genetic loci in D.subobscura and D.melanogaster tend to show a similar ultrastructure in the two species. (Cuenca et al., 1998) Hn is involved in the Trp metabolism and pteridine synthesis. (Alcaniz and Silva, 1997) Isolation and characterisation of Hn. (Ruiz-Vazquez et al., 1996) Tryptophan hydrolase catalyses the tetrahydopterin-dependent hydroxylation of L-Phe to yield L-Tyr, the only significant endogenous synthesis of Tyr and the irreversible first step in the phenylalanine degradation pathway. Tryptophan hydrolase activity peaks in pupation and has a minor peak at adult emergence. More likely that H4Bip is the natural cofactor of Hn than H4Ptr. (Bel et al., 1992) Chromatographic pattern of pteridine eye pigments neodrosopterin, sepiapterin, pterin, aurodrosopterin, acetyldihidrohomopterin, isoxanthopterin, biopterin and drosopterin measured in Hn alleles. (Millan and Najera, 1992) Analysis of variance of developmental time and viability of pteridine pathway mutants in sf, se, Hn, dke and bw, indicated that viability of induced and natural population alleles is the same whereas developmental time tends to be longer for induced mutations as compared to natural population alleles. (Millan and Najera, 1992) Isolated from a Drosophila adult head cDNA library using a rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase cDNA as a probe under reduced stringency conditions. (Neckameyer and White, 1992) A Hn cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. (Neckameyer and White, 1992) A monoclonal antibody against monkey liver phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH8) (recognising an epitope of residues 139 to 154 of the monkey protein) cross-reacts with a Drosophila protein whose distribution parallels the pattern of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity distribution, with maxima at pupariation and pharate adult formation. Hn mutants show reduced phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme activity and decreased amounts of protein as assayed in Western blots. (Silva et al., 1992) Isolated from a second larval instar cDNA library using a human pah cDNA as a probe. (Morales et al., 1990) A Hn cDNA has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed. (Morales et al., 1990) A mutant of Hn has been shown to influence the level of in vivo detectable 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroperin and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobioperin. (Guillamon and Ferre, 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079239 NM_001014573 NM_001274613 NM_001274614 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523963 NP_001014573 NP_001261542 NP_001261543 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA699278 AAA69513 AAF50517 AAF50517.1 AAL39451 AAX52756 AGB94237 AGB94238 AJ001717 AJ001718 AJ001719 AJ001720 AJ001721 AJ001722 AJ001723 AW941467 AY069306 CAA04950 CAA66797 CAA66798 CAB51597 CAB51599 CAB51600 CAB51601 M32802 M81833 X98116 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 38871 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P17276 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q59E23
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, iron/copper binding site (IPR018301) Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (IPR001273) Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, tetrameric form (IPR005961) Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like (IPR019773) Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, C-terminal (IPR019774) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • HL08079
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64301 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001208 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001208 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001208 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG7399-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001208 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38871 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38871 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001208
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 18 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	bu   CG7399 (Perkins et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) DTPH (Coleman and Neckameyer, 2004, Coleman and Neckameyer, 2002, Coleman and Neckameyer, 2001, Grasso et al., 1996, Neckameyer and White, 1991, Neckameyer and White, 1992, Coleman and Neckameyer, 2005, Coleman and Neckameyer, 2004) Hn (Beller et al., 2006, Izutsu et al., 2012, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Rees et al., 2011, Juhász et al., 2007, Anaka et al., 2008, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2008, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) PAH (Bel et al., 2000, Alcaniz and Silva, 1997) Pah (Silva, 1996.5.20, Ruiz-Vazquez and Silva, 1999, Ruiz-Vazquez et al., 1996, Bel et al., 1992, ) pah (Morales, 1995.6.30, Silva et al., 1992, Morales et al., 1990) TPH (Bondinas et al., 2002, Bondinas et al., 2001, Neckameyer et al., 2000, Neckameyer et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2011, Neckameyer, 2010) Tph (Andolfatto, 2001, Teeter et al., 2000, Colas et al., 1999, ) Trh (Chen et al., 2012) TRH (Lee et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	brunette   Henna (Silva, 1997.10.7, Silva, 1997.10.7, Silva, 1997.10.7, Silva, 1997.10.7, Silva, 1997.10.7, Manh et al., 2005, Haussmann et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Dierick and Greenspan, 2007, Zhang et al., 2005) henna (Gronke et al., 2005, Scherzer et al., 2003, Sharma et al., 2011) phenylalanine hydroxylase (Ruiz-Vazquez et al., 1996, Morales et al., 1990, Morales, 1995.6.30) Phenylalanine-hydroxylase   phenylalanine-tryptophan hydroxylase (Neckameyer et al., 2000) Tryptophan hydrolase
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0003737 FBgn0004089 FBgn0005770 FBgn0024922
References ( 103 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 103 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 67 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 6 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 8 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Chen et al., 2012, Science 335(6069): 678--685 Visualizing long-term memory formation in two neurons of the Drosophila brain. [FBrf0217453] Huser et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(10): e47518 The serotonergic central nervous system of the Drosophila larva: anatomy and behavioral function. [FBrf0219731] Izutsu et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e33288 Genome features of "dark-fly", a Drosophila line reared long-term in a dark environment. [FBrf0217825] Weber et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(4): e34745 Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218073] Lee et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(33): 13794--13799 Serotonin-mushroom body circuit modulating the formation of anesthesia-resistant memory in Drosophila. [FBrf0214737] Rees et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10(6): M110.002386 In Vivo Analysis of Proteomes and Interactomes Using Parallel Affinity Capture (iPAC) Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. [FBrf0213845] Sharma et al., 2011, Chemosphere 82(3): 370--376 Transcriptome analysis provides insights for understanding the adverse effects of endosulfan in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212610] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...