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Gene Dmel\Hsp27

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Hsp27	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Heat shock protein 27	Annotation symbol	CG4466
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001226
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	11 publicly available
Also Known As	Hsp28, Dhsp27
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	67B3-67B3	Sequence location	3L:9,377,165..9,378,382 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Heat shock protein 27 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Hsp27 (CG4466, FBgn0001226). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: defense response to fungus; determination of adult lifespan; defense response to bacterium. 19 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: trichogen cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Alpha crystallin/Heat shock protein; HSP20-like chaperone; Heat shock protein Hsp20. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult testis, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval midgut, larval hindgut, inseminated spermatheca. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628117_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Hsp27. Gene sequence location is 3L:9377165..9378382.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Hsp22 - Hsp-G3 There are seven closely related heat-shock genes at 67B (Ayme and Tissieres, 1985; Pauli, Arrigo, Vasquez, Tonka, and Tissieres, 1989, Genome 31: 671-76). In addition to the four small heat-shock genes previously identified (Hsp22, Hsp23, Hsp26, and Hsp27), three more genes (Hsp-G1, Hsp-G2, and Hsp-G3, formerly called Gene1, Gene2, and Gene3) have been found clustered within 15 kb of DNA at the same 67B cytological location. All seven genes are heat-shock inducible in almost all cells at the stages tested (Ayme and Tissieres, 1985). The genes are also transcribed during certain developmental stages in the absence of heat shock (Sirotkin and Davidson, 1982, Dev. Biol. 89: 196-210). Pauli et al (1989) report that the maximum accumulation of developmental rRNA in a majority of these small heat-shock genes occurs in the white pupae stage; in Hsp-G2, however, a small transcipt is found in embryos, first and second instar larvae, and young pupae; and a larger transcript in the pupal and adult stages of males (Pauli and Tonka, 1987, J. Mol. Biol. 198: 235-40; Pauli, Tonka, and Ayme-Southgate, 1988, J. Mol. Biol. 200: 47-53). In absence of stress, the expression of Hsp26 has been observed in spermatocytes, nurse cells, epithelium, imaginal discs, proventriculus, and neurocytes (Glaser, Wolfner, and Lis, 1986, EMBO 5: 747-54). Transcripts of Hsp26 and Hsp27 accumulate in adult ovaries, apparently originating in nurse cells (Zimmerman, Petri, and Meselson, 1983, Cell 32: 1161-70).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References Handler et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(19): 3977--3993 Mosqueira et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(10): e13450 Carreira et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 32 Sequence features BKN24517 HFA11190
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 67B3-67B3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Hsp26EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26EP3315 and P{PZ}fry02240
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 67B1-67B2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Cuenca et al., 1998) 67B-67B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Segarra et al., 1996) 67B-67B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Papaceit and Juan, 1993) 67B-67B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Voellmy et al., 1981)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	h (Peterson et al., 1979)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Hsp27 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.41
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Hsp27-RA FBtr0076454  NM_079276   1218   213
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.25 (northern blot) (Corces et al., 1980)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Hsp27-PA   FBpp0076182   23.6   213   7.50     NP_524000   AAF50285
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	213 (aa); 23.62 (kD predicted) (Southgate et al., 1983) 27 (kD observed) (Craig and McCarthy, 1980) 27.091 (kD predicted) (Ingolia and Craig, 1982)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Alpha crystallin/Heat shock protein (IPR001436) Heat shock protein Hsp20 (IPR002068) HSP20-like chaperone (IPR008978)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201497   AA696827   AA735295   AA803624   AA803717   AA804123   AA950657   AE014296 AAF50285   AI256944   AI257055   AI259541   AI259545   AI260091   AI260163   AI293520   AI294527   AI294538   AI295059   AI296742   AI297528   AI513070   AI519424   AI542903   AI945408   AQ025063   AQ073061   AQ073829   AW941370   AX154720   AY118471 AAM49840   BE977567   BF498168   BF506639   BG637577   BG639362   BH614997   BI170576   BI352549   BI354700   BP547486   BP547547   BP547954   BP548365   BP549455   BP549835   BP550146   BP551258   BP552651   BP553305   BP553478   BP555071   BP555780   BQ103031   CA804460   CA804799   CA806569   CA807075   CK131559   CK657308   CK659432   CK659748   CK660597   CK661178   CK662285   CL705870   CO153963   CO182658   CO182896   CO182958   CO183548   CO188297   CO191876   CO192871   CO192974   CO194744   CO194930   CO195479   CO265857   CO283889   CO284993   CO295842   CO297972   CO312361   CO321601   CO331467   CZ474290   CZ474291   CZ474661   EC052657   EC052745   EC064827   EC065895   EC073872   EC079117   EC082472   EC082473   EC086981   EC200453   EC213953   EC217372   EC244754   EV577601   EV578102   EV578178   EV579127   EV583860   EV588160   EV588530   EV588848   EV591068   EV591450   EV591492   EV591667   EV593190   EV594630   GH770647   GH776981   GH778259   GH778632   GH778716   GH795457   GH798474   GH809332   GH811930   GH819902   GH820430   GH825013   GH825359   GH829762   GH832568   GH836607   GH841856   GH842825   GH855466   GH856663   GH858140   GH873869   GH876782   GH893534   GH899483   GH915731   GH916128   GH922960   GH927199   GH940597   J01101 AAA28638   M12934   M29135   V00218 CAA23499   X03891 CAA27527   X04009   X05298   Y07758
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P02518
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160825 3L:9,376,615..9,376,634 evidence=experimental (Ozyhar et al., 1991, Bergman et al., 2004)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 07030
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 6     (Pauli et al., 1989) Comment:reference states <=2-3 hr AEL wandering third instar larval stage   organism   (Pauli et al., 1989) prepupal stage     (Pauli et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Hsp27 transcripts are initially detected in early embryogenesis, and subsequently disappear. Hsp27 transcripts reappear starting at late third larval instar, and a second peak is observed in white prepupae. (Pauli et al., 1989)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Pauli et al., 1989) first instar larval stage     (Pauli et al., 1989) pupal stage     (Pauli et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Hsp27 protein is first detected in embryos and first larval instar. The protein is detected at very low levels in prepupae, and peaks at mid-pupal stages, when Hsp27 transcript has almost disappeared. (Pauli et al., 1989)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0001226    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0001226 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001226 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54520 embryo 02-04hr    11230 embryo 04-06hr    2626 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    5627 embryo 10-12hr    7297 embryo 12-14hr    4333 embryo 14-16hr    2604 embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old    1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10188 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    46544 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    94799 white prepupae new    103170 white prepupae 12hr    124922 white prepupae 24hr    106026 pupae 2d postWPP    39650 pupae 3d postWPP    5905 pupae 4d postWPP    16209 adult male 01day    3816 adult male 05day    6089 adult male 30day    5068 adult female 01day    9940 adult female 05day    24007 adult female 30day    23363 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (54520) embryo 02-04hr  (11230) embryo 04-06hr  (2626) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (5627) embryo 10-12hr  (7297) embryo 12-14hr  (4333) embryo 14-16hr  (2604) embryo 16-18hr  (1078) embryo 18-20hr  (1089) embryo 20-22hr  (740) embryo 22-24hr  (654) larva L1  (458) larva L2  (784) larva L3 12hr old  (1905) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10188) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (46544) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (94799) white prepupae new  (103170) white prepupae 12hr  (124922) white prepupae 24hr  (106026) pupae 2d postWPP  (39650) pupae 3d postWPP  (5905) pupae 4d postWPP  (16209) adult male 01day  (3816) adult male 05day  (6089) adult male 30day  (5068) adult female 01day  (9940) adult female 05day  (24007) adult female 30day  (23363) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (54520) embryo 02-04hr  (11230) embryo 04-06hr  (2626) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (5627) embryo 10-12hr  (7297) embryo 12-14hr  (4333) embryo 14-16hr  (2604) embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old  (1905) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10188) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (46544) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (94799) white prepupae new  (103170) white prepupae 12hr  (124922) white prepupae 24hr  (106026) pupae 2d postWPP  (39650) pupae 3d postWPP  (5905) pupae 4d postWPP  (16209) adult male 01day  (3816) adult male 05day  (6089) adult male 30day  (5068) adult female 01day  (9940) adult female 05day  (24007) adult female 30day  (23363) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (54520) embryo 02-04hr  (11230) embryo 04-06hr    2626 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    5627 embryo 10-12hr    7297 embryo 12-14hr    4333 embryo 14-16hr    2604 embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old    1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  10188 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (46544) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (94799) white prepupae new  (103170) white prepupae 12hr  (124922) white prepupae 24hr  (106026) pupae 2d postWPP  (39650) pupae 3d postWPP    5905 pupae 4d postWPP  (16209) adult male 01day    3816 adult male 05day    6089 adult male 30day    5068 adult female 01day    9940 adult female 05day  (24007) adult female 30day  (23363) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54520 embryo 02-04hr    11230 embryo 04-06hr    2626 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    5627 embryo 10-12hr    7297 embryo 12-14hr    4333 embryo 14-16hr    2604 embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old    1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10188 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    46544 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    94799 white prepupae new    103170 white prepupae 12hr    124922 white prepupae 24hr    106026 pupae 2d postWPP    39650 pupae 3d postWPP    5905 pupae 4d postWPP    16209 adult male 01day    3816 adult male 05day    6089 adult male 30day    5068 adult female 01day    9940 adult female 05day    24007 adult female 30day    23363 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001226 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54520 embryo 02-04hr    11230 embryo 04-06hr    2626 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    5627 embryo 10-12hr    7297 embryo 12-14hr    4333 embryo 14-16hr    2604 embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old    1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10188 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    46544 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    94799 white prepupae new    103170 white prepupae 12hr    124922 white prepupae 24hr    106026 pupae 2d postWPP    39650 pupae 3d postWPP    5905 pupae 4d postWPP    16209 adult male 01day    3816 adult male 05day    6089 adult male 30day    5068 adult female 01day    9940 adult female 05day    24007 adult female 30day    23363 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (54520) embryo 02-04hr  (11230) embryo 04-06hr  (2626) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (5627) embryo 10-12hr  (7297) embryo 12-14hr  (4333) embryo 14-16hr  (2604) embryo 16-18hr  (1078) embryo 18-20hr  (1089) embryo 20-22hr  (740) embryo 22-24hr  (654) larva L1  (458) larva L2  (784) larva L3 12hr old  (1905) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10188) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (46544) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (94799) white prepupae new  (103170) white prepupae 12hr  (124922) white prepupae 24hr  (106026) pupae 2d postWPP  (39650) pupae 3d postWPP  (5905) pupae 4d postWPP  (16209) adult male 01day  (3816) adult male 05day  (6089) adult male 30day  (5068) adult female 01day  (9940) adult female 05day  (24007) adult female 30day  (23363) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (54520) embryo 02-04hr  (11230) embryo 04-06hr  (2626) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (5627) embryo 10-12hr  (7297) embryo 12-14hr  (4333) embryo 14-16hr  (2604) embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old  1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10188) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (46544) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (94799) white prepupae new  (103170) white prepupae 12hr  (124922) white prepupae 24hr  (106026) pupae 2d postWPP  (39650) pupae 3d postWPP  (5905) pupae 4d postWPP  (16209) adult male 01day  (3816) adult male 05day  (6089) adult male 30day  (5068) adult female 01day  (9940) adult female 05day  (24007) adult female 30day  (23363) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (54520) embryo 02-04hr  11230 embryo 04-06hr    2626 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    5627 embryo 10-12hr    7297 embryo 12-14hr    4333 embryo 14-16hr    2604 embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old    1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  10188 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (46544) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (94799) white prepupae new  (103170) white prepupae 12hr  (124922) white prepupae 24hr  (106026) pupae 2d postWPP  (39650) pupae 3d postWPP    5905 pupae 4d postWPP  16209 adult male 01day    3816 adult male 05day    6089 adult male 30day    5068 adult female 01day    9940 adult female 05day  (24007) adult female 30day  (23363) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54520 embryo 02-04hr    11230 embryo 04-06hr    2626 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    5627 embryo 10-12hr    7297 embryo 12-14hr    4333 embryo 14-16hr    2604 embryo 16-18hr    1078 embryo 18-20hr    1089 embryo 20-22hr    740 embryo 22-24hr    654 larva L1    458 larva L2    784 larva L3 12hr old    1905 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10188 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    46544 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    94799 white prepupae new    103170 white prepupae 12hr    124922 white prepupae 24hr    106026 pupae 2d postWPP    39650 pupae 3d postWPP    5905 pupae 4d postWPP    16209 adult male 01day    3816 adult male 05day    6089 adult male 30day    5068 adult female 01day    9940 adult female 05day    24007 adult female 30day    23363 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0001226    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0001226 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult testis, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval midgut, larval hindgut, inseminated spermatheca. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001226 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2217.5 Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3264.1 Larval Fat Body    3988.1 Larval Salivary Gland    1743.8 Larval Trachea    939.675 Larval Carcass    1079.825 Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1658.9 Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary    2121.7 Adult Testis    1075.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2217.5) Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules  (3264.1) Larval Fat Body  (3988.1) Larval Salivary Gland  (1743.8) Larval Trachea  (939.675) Larval Carcass  (1079.825) Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules  (1658.9) Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary  (2121.7) Adult Testis  (1075.2) Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2217.5) Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules  (3264.1) Larval Fat Body  (3988.1) Larval Salivary Gland  (1743.8) Larval Trachea    939.675 Larval Carcass  (1079.825) Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules  (1658.9) Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary  (2121.7) Adult Testis  1075.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2217.5 Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3264.1 Larval Fat Body    3988.1 Larval Salivary Gland    1743.8 Larval Trachea    939.675 Larval Carcass    1079.825 Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1658.9 Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary    2121.7 Adult Testis    1075.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001226 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2217.5 Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3264.1 Larval Fat Body    3988.1 Larval Salivary Gland    1743.8 Larval Trachea    939.675 Larval Carcass    1079.825 Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1658.9 Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary    2121.7 Adult Testis    1075.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2217.5) Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules  (3264.1) Larval Fat Body  (3988.1) Larval Salivary Gland  (1743.8) Larval Trachea  (939.675) Larval Carcass  (1079.825) Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules  (1658.9) Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary  (2121.7) Adult Testis  (1075.2) Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2217.5) Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules  (3264.1) Larval Fat Body  (3988.1) Larval Salivary Gland  (1743.8) Larval Trachea    939.675 Larval Carcass  1079.825 Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules  1658.9 Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary  (2121.7) Adult Testis  1075.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2217.5 Larval Midgut    171.9 Larval Hindgut    424.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3264.1 Larval Fat Body    3988.1 Larval Salivary Gland    1743.8 Larval Trachea    939.675 Larval Carcass    1079.825 Adult Head    33.8 Adult Eye    36.025 Adult Brain    43.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9 Adult Crop    93.6 Adult Midgut    39.7 Adult Hindgut    15 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1658.9 Adult Fat Body    47.5 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    58.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8 Adult Ovary    2121.7 Adult Testis    1075.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    58.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    33.8   NA  Eye    36.025   NA  Brain    43.3   2217.5  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    74.9   NA  Crop    93.6   171.9  Midgut    39.7   424.3  Hindgut    15   3264.1  Malpighian Tubules    1658.9   3988.1  Fat Body    47.5   1743.8  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    58.4   939.675  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    90.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    396.8   NA  Ovary    2121.7   NA  Testis    1075.2   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   1079.825  Carcass    58.2 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_23
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001226 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4466-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Hsp27 Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable Hsp27EY01101 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Hsp27GD11327 Sterility Allele female fertile | reduced, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB Hsp27Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 fertile Hsp27EY01101 Other Phenotypes Allele chemical resistant | male, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB Hsp27Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 immune response defective Hsp27KG03935 long lived | male, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 Hsp27Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 long lived | male, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB Hsp27Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Hsp27GD11327 Phenotype manifest in Allele trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Hsp27GD11327
Classical Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Hsp27 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Hsp27CB-5112-3 1 -- Hsp27d05052 P-element activity 1 -- Hsp27DG05706 1 -- Hsp27EY01101 P-element activity 1 -- Hsp27KG03935 P-element activity 1 -- Hsp27NP5346 1 -- Hsp27NP5947 1 -- Hsp27d05683 P-element activity 0 -- Hsp27EP3220 P-element activity 0 -- Hsp27EP329 P-element activity 0 -- Hsp27EP3615 P-element activity 0 -- Hsp27P P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Hsp27 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Hsp27GD11327 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Hsp27HMS00807 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Hsp27HMS00867 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Hsp27KK105381 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Hsp27+t3.6 in vitro construct 0 Yes Hsp27Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Hsp27T:Ppyr\LUC in vitro construct 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11327} NA P{KK105381} NA P{TRiP.HMS00807} NA P{TRiP.HMS00867} NA P{UAS-Hsp27.HA} NA reporter construct P{27.1} No P{EcRE.lacZ} No P{Hsp27-lacZ.B} No P{neoR/lacZ} No P{βn27.1} No characterization construct P{C28C} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}EP3583 NA P{EP}EP3583-1 NA P{EP}EP3583-2 NA P{EP}EP3583-3 NA P{EP}Hsp27EP329 NA P{EP}Hsp27EP3220 NA P{EP}Hsp27EP3615 NA P{EPgy2}Hsp27EY01101 NA P{XP}Hsp27d05052 NA P{XP}Hsp27d05683 NA miscellaneous insertions P{}Hsp27P NA P{RS3}Hsp27CB-5112-3 NA P{SUPor-P}Hsp27KG03935 NA P{wHy}Hsp27DG05706 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}Hsp27NP5346 No P{GawB}Hsp27NP5947 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with lwr (Joanisse et al., 1998)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response to bacterium inferred from mutant phenotype (Chen et al., 2010) defense response to fungus inferred from mutant phenotype (Chen et al., 2010) determination of adult lifespan inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
protein refolding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1986.7.21) response to heat inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:U96099 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1986.7.21)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Hsp27 allele Gene References Hsp27EP329 slbo (Rorth et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64473 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001226 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39078
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF10692 Dere\GG15371 Dgri\GH17009 Dmoj\GI13087 Dper\GL22445 Dpse\GA18205 Dsec\GM25143 Dsim\GD14177 Dvir\GJ13835 Dwil\GK17637 Dyak\GE20833
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Daur\Hsp27   Dbio\Hsp27   Dbir\Hsp27   Ddip\Hsp27   Dgua\Hsp27   Djam\Hsp27   Dkik\Hsp27   Dleb\Hsp27   Dmad\Hsp27   Dmir\Hsp28   Dper\Hsp27   Dpse\GA18205   Dpse\Hsp27   Dqua\Hsp27   Drep\Hsp27   Dseg\Hsp27   Dser\Hsp27   Dsub\Hsp27   Dtra\Hsp27   Dvul\Hsp27
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • XP_001894373.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) XP_001897516.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) CE00994 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSMODP00000017088 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) PP14181 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0238124 FBgn0219636 FBgn0201054 FBgn0185864 FBgn0180004 FBgn0250086 FBgn0078212 FBgn0160039 FBgn0160037 FBgn0135844 FBgn0124480 FBgn0107623 FBgn0087733
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 11 )
Bloomington	21062 y1 w67c23; P{wHy}Hsp27DG05706 20107 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}Hsp27EY01101 33007 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00807}attP2 33922 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00867}attP2 13268 y1 w67c23; P{SUPor-P}Hsp27KG03935 ry506
Harvard	- P{XP}Hsp27d05052
Kyoto	123466 w1118; P{RS3}Hsp27CB-5112-3 113688 w*; P{GawB}Hsp27NP5346 / TM6, P{UAS-lacZ.UW23-1}UW23-1 113802 y* w*; P{GawB}Hsp27NP5947 / TM6, P{UAS-lacZ.UW23-1}UW23-1
VDRC	v101669 P{KK105381}VIE-260B v40530 w1118; P{GD11327}v40530
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR01E20 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 131 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM13686
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT09172 AT12540 GM08474 GM14087 GM19756 GM27950 LD04720 LD06811 LD30571 LD39024 LD45293 LP02976 LP02980 LP03775 LP03860 LP04026 LP05311 LP06117 LP06684 LP07924 LP07936 LP08580 LP10040 LP10807 LP11845 LP17191 LP17718 LP19291 LP20390 LP22373 LP23494 RE12084 SD09417
Other clones	33712 53355 61029 77899 101736 106372 145174 272619 bs12e09 bs66a10 CK01.7D.A2 CK01.119A.F3 Dmel_dig_003579_0670_3766 Dmel_dig_006050_0656_1908 Dmel_dig_018414_0584_1541 Dmel_dig_018554_0631_2043 Dmel_dig_020717_0666_3412 Dmel_neb_011739_0634_1146 Dmel_neb_012359_0438_2725 Dmel_neb_012581_0648_0704 Dmel_neb_013233_0114_2117 Dmel_neb_013732_0161_3315 Dmel_neb_013779_0380_0971 Dmel_neb_013884_0350_1093 Dmel_neb_014642_0084_0723 Dmel_neb_015490_0423_1500 EC23595 EC24234 EC24342 EC25945 EC32321 EC34677 EC34926 EC39153 EC39482 EC40451 EC052657 EC052745 EK039112 EK144150 EK164730 EK167825 EK171030 EK186012 EK211733 EK228543 EK299856 EN03209 ESG014a.E21_B01 ESG016a.E21_G05 ESG0113c.B21.1_G08 ESG0115b.B21_B09 FGH117E01 FGH118B03 FGH122D12 FGH127A06 FGM101F02 FGM103G06 FGM105E08 FGM211H06 FGM220A04 FGM223G02 FGM224F06 FGM233C08 FGM237B02 GM12911 RP003020672 RP003024216 RP003065148 RP003080829 RP003087545 RP003107868 RP003116856 RP003202926 RP003230399 RP003236205 RP003237185 RP003239452 RP003242094 RP003243031 RP003243146 RP003284037 RP003294843 RP003307042 RP003334815 RP003345033 RP003350268 RP003407175 RP003410595 RP003468114 RP003545086 RP003550314 RP003576933 RP003606834 RP003614584 RP003646782 UUGC0427
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001226 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39078
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Hsp27 anon-WO0140519.69 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of Hsp27 anon-WO0140519.69 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads. (Shigenobu et al., 2006) Co-immunoprecipitation with an antibody raised against lwr confirms interaction with Hsp23 and Hsp26 and preferentially with Hsp27. (Joanisse et al., 1998) Heat shock does not appreciably affect the expression pattern of the small heat shock proteins and the same cell-specific pattern is observed after heat shock. Hsp23 and Hsp27 show cell-specific pattern of expression in the testes, the relative amount of Hsf also varies in the different cell types. Cells that do not express the proteins in the absence of stress are similarly unable to mount a heat shock response. (Michaud et al., 1997) In murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells the constitutive expression of Hsp27 significantly decreases the intracellular levels of ROS and therefore rendered the burst of these reactive species caused by tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) harmless. The protective mechanism (raising the intracellular concentration of glutathione) of Hsp27 differs from that mediated by Hsp70 proteins. (Mehlen et al., 1996) The DNA between the TATA box and the heat shock elements (HSEs) is constitutively organised by a positioned nucleosome, effectively shortening the distance between the distal HSEs and the TATA box. (Quivy and Becker, 1996) Expression of Hsp27 in human L929 fibrosarcoma cells confers resistance to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and protects cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or menadione. (Mehlen et al., 1995) Hsp27 RNA levels do not increase with age. (Wheeler et al., 1995) DNase hypersensitive sites (DHS) in the 5' regions of Hsp27 and Hsp23 are mapped in salivary glands developmentally exposed to ecdysone during larval-prepupal transition. The DHSs reveal the sites that correlate with the hormonal induction of tissue-specific expression. (Dubrovsky et al., 1994) Synthesis of heat shock proteins is inhibited by both short-chain fatty acids and their corresponding alcohols, compounds which have no observable effect on histone acetylation. (Munks and Turner, 1994) Chromosome staining reveals that Trl and heat shock transcription factors (HSF) colocalises at Hsp27. (Tsukiyama et al., 1994) Biochemical fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence analysis indicates that the protective function of Hsp27 is localised at the level of the nucleus. (Mehlen et al., 1993) RNA polymerase II density on the Hsp27 gene is rapidly increased by heat shock. (O'Brien and Lis, 1993) In unshocked cells Hsp83 is moderately transcribed while transcription from the other heat shock genes is undetectable. Engaged but paused RNA molecules are found at the various Hsp70 and Hsp26 genes but not at the other heat shock genes. Increased transcription of the heat shock genes is observed within 1-2 mins of heat shock and maximal rates were reached within 2-5 minutes. Rates of transcription vary over a 20-fold range. (Vazquez et al., 1993) Sequences that regulate hormone-dependent Hsp27 expression have been studied using reporter genes. (Berger et al., 1992) Exposure of cells to pulses of elevated temperature initiates the heat-shock response. A restricted subset of genes, the Hsp genes, is activated and the majority of transcription and translation is shut down. 3H-uridine incorporation ceases at its usual positions and commences at new puff sites. Preexisting polysomes disaggregate and within a few minutes a new population of polysomes appears containing newly transcribed mRNA; this RNA hybridizes to some of the heat-shock puffs. Similar response inducible by other stressful treatments. The response may be elicited at all stages of the life cycle and in cultured cells. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Immunoblot analysis demonstrates that Hsp27 protein can confer thermal resistance in Chinese hamster O23 cells following 3.5 hours of heat treatment at 44oC. (Rollet et al., 1992) Response elements of Hsp27 and Hsp23 can confer hormonal regulation on a basal promoter in vivo and render transcription in vitro dependent on purified ecdysterone receptor. (Luo et al., 1991) Sequences that regulate ecdysone-responsive Hsp27 expression have been studied using reporter genes. (Martinez et al., 1991) EcR binds as a dimer to an imperfect palindromic sequence (GGTTCAATGCACT) in the Hsp27 promoter region. (Ozyhar et al., 1991) Translation of Hsp70 mRNAs and to a lesser extent the mRNAs for the small heat shock proteins is almost independent of eIF-4E. (Zapata et al., 1991) Mutations at br reduce the transcription rate or stability of the small heat shock protein mRNAs. (Dubrovsky et al., 1990) Ecol\CAT transient assay in culture cells shows the ecdysone response of the Hsp27 promoter is mediated by multiple regulatory elements clustered 500bp 5' to the gene. Heat induction depends on three heat shock regulatory elements (HSE) at about position -300. (Riddihough and Pelham, 1986) Heat-shock inducible in almost all cells at the stages tested. (Ayme-Southgate and Tissieres, 1985) Activation of transcription of Hsp genes apparently involves the sequential binding of two or more protein factors in vicinity of TATA box. (Wu, 1984) Transcripts of Hsp26 and Hsp27 accumulate in adult ovaries, apparently originating in nurse cells. (Zimmerman et al., 1983) Polymerase II dissociates from most chromosome regions and accumulates at the new heat shock puff sites upon heat shock. (Bonner and Kerby, 1982) The binding sites for the protein factors required for activation of transcription of Hsp genes are multiple short upstream sequence elements called HSEs or heat shock consensus elements. (Pelham, 1982, Xiao and Lis, 1988) Hsp27 is transcribed during certain developmental stages in the absence of heat shock. (Sirotkin and Davidson, 1982) The effects of heat shock may be abrogated to some degree by pretreatment with a pulse of a slightly lower temperature. (Mitchell et al., 1979, Petersen and Mitchell, 1981) Mitochondrial and histone-gene activities persist transcription and translation. (Spradling et al., 1977) In polytene cells, during heat shock response, existing puffs regress and a novel group quickly appear at 33B, 63C, 64F, 67B, 70A, 87A, 87C, 93D, 95D. (Tissieres et al., 1974) The heat shock response follows a pulse of 36oC to 40oC; treatments above 40oC inhibit all activity and lead to death; treatments of 30oC-35oC induce heat-shock-protein synthesis without repressing normal protein synthesis. (Tissieres et al., 1974) In polytene cells, during heat shock response, existing puffs regress and a novel group quickly appear at cytological locations 33B, 63C, 64F, 67B, 70A, 87A, 87C, 93D, 95D. (Ashburner, 1970)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079276 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524000 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA803624 AA950657 AAA28638 AAF50285 AAM49840 AI945408 AQ025063 AQ073061 AQ073829 AW941370 AX154720 AY118471 BF498168 BF506639 BH614997 CAA23499 CAA27527 CL705870 CZ474290 CZ474291 CZ474661 J01101 M12934 M29135 V00218 X03891 X04009 X05298 Y07758 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 39078 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P02518
Other Crossreferences
	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 07030 InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Alpha crystallin/Heat shock protein (IPR001436) Heat shock protein Hsp20 (IPR002068) HSP20-like chaperone (IPR008978)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64473 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001226 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001226 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001226 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4466-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001226 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39078 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • XP_001894373.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) XP_001897516.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) CE00994 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSMODP00000017088 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) PP14181 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39078 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001226 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0238124 FBgn0219636 FBgn0201054 FBgn0185864 FBgn0180004 FBgn0250086 FBgn0078212 FBgn0160039 FBgn0160037 FBgn0135844 FBgn0124480 FBgn0107623 FBgn0087733 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0001226
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 21 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	27K (Chung et al., 1993) 28 (Petersen and Lindquist, 1988) anon-WO0140519.69   CG4466 (Pal et al., 2007, Fakhouri et al., 2006, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hughes et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) Dhsp27 (Mehlen et al., 1996, Mehlen et al., 1995, Mehlen et al., 1993) DmHsp27 (Morrow et al., 2000) hsp26 (Dubrovsky et al., 1994) hsp27 (Beatty et al., 2009, Sudi et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2004, Ringrose et al., 2003, Sawatsubashi et al., 2004, Rymarczyk et al., 2003, Kurapati et al., 2000, Seo et al., 2002, Chen et al., 2002, Wang and Benzer, 2002, Grad et al., 2001, Mouillet et al., 2001, Burns et al., 2001, Fivaz et al., 2000, Jiang et al., 2000, Niedziela-Majka et al., 2000, Henrich et al., 2000, Southgate, 1994.2.17, Mikitani, 1996.9.4, Ayme-Southgate, 1993.2.23, Perera et al., 1999, Lezzi et al., 1999, King and Tower, 1999, Cherbas, 1993, Niedziela-Majka et al., 1998, Wang et al., 1998, Rorth et al., 1998, Crispi et al., 1998, Wilkins and Lis, 1997, Strutt et al., 1997, Otsuka et al., 1997, Mehlen et al., 1996, Elke et al., 1997, Lehmann et al., 1997, Huet et al., 1996, Shopland and Lis, 1996, Quivy and Becker, 1994, Mikitani, 1995, Quivy and Becker, 1996, Fernandes et al., 1995, Antoniewski et al., 1995, Wheeler et al., 1995, Rasmussen and Lis, 1995, Dubrovsky et al., 1994, Jindra, 1994, Champlin and Lis, 1994, O'Brien and Lis, 1993, Mehlen et al., 1993, Antoniewski et al., 1993, Heikkila, 1993, Vazquez et al., 1993, Andres and Thummel, 1992, Pauli et al., 1992, Berger et al., 1992, Vazquez, 1991, Amin et al., 1991, Luo et al., 1991, Dobens et al., 1991, Zapata et al., 1991, Cherbas et al., 1991, Ozyhar et al., 1991, Koelle et al., 1991, Galceran et al., 1990, Maschat et al., 1990, Haass et al., 1990, Ornelles and Penman, 1990, Pauli et al., 1990, Berger and Dobens, 1990, Thummel, 1990, Pauli et al., 1989, Pauli et al., 1988, Pauli and Tonka, 1987, Ayme-Southgate and Tissieres, 1985, Southgate et al., 1983, Ingolia and Craig, 1981, Tsuda et al., 2006, Poels et al., 2004, Liao et al., 2008, Sala et al., 2011, Kurapati et al., 2004, Dobryszycki et al., 2006, Krusiński et al., 2010) hsp-27 (Wang et al., 2000) HSP27 (Nover and Scharf, 1997) hsp 27 (Jongens et al., 1988) Hsp27 (Pal et al., 2007, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2010, Baird, 2006, Ahrens et al., 2007, Geiger-Thornsberry and Mackay, 2004, Hoopfer et al., 2008, Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2008, Blanco et al., 2010, Arancio et al., 2010, Walser et al., 2006, Tadros et al., 2007, Bettencourt et al., 2008, Mensch et al., 2008, Bernardo et al., 2009, Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Muse et al., 2007, Muse et al., 2007, Gim et al., 2001, Birch-Machin et al., 2005, Wheeler et al., 2009, Blanco et al., 2008, Tian et al., 2010, Bina et al., 2010, Xi et al., 2008, Ren et al., 2011, Colinet et al., 2010, Neal et al., 2006, Franco et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Handler et al., 2011, Mosqueira et al., 2010) hsp27/26 (Munks and Turner, 1994) Hsp28 (Ahmed and Duncan, 2004, Bondinas et al., 2001, Cuenca et al., 1998, Molto et al., 1994, Molto et al., 1992, Duncan, 2005) HSP28 (Bondinas et al., 2002) hsp28 (Segarra et al., 1996, Heino et al., 1995, Molto et al., 1993, Papaceit and Juan, 1993, Yost et al., 1990, Hoffman and Corces, 1984) small hsp locus 67B (Yao et al., 2007)
Name Synonym	Heat shock protein 27 (Gim et al., 2001) heat shock protein hsp27 (Ingolia, 1994.2.16) Hsp 27 (Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009) Protein 27 (Bournias-Vardiabasis et al., 1990)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0010232 FBgn0044559
References ( 220 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 220 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 174 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 14 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 7 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 4 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 14 )
	Carreira et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 32 Genetic basis of wing morphogenesis in Drosophila: sexual dimorphism and non-allometric effects of shape variation. [FBrf0214273] Franco et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10(5): M110.002188 A Novel Strategy to Isolate Ubiquitin Conjugates Reveals Wide Role for Ubiquitination during Neural Development. [FBrf0213919] Handler et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(19): 3977--3993 A systematic analysis of Drosophila TUDOR domain-containing proteins identifies Vreteno and the Tdrd12 family as essential primary piRNA pathway factors. [FBrf0216344] Ren et al., 2011, Hum. Mol. Genet. 20(17): 3424--3436 A Drosophila model of the neurodegenerative disease SCA17 reveals a role of RBP-J/Su(H) in modulating the pathological outcome. [FBrf0214639] Sala et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(9): 1766--1777 Genome-wide characterization of chromatin binding and nucleosome spacing activity of the nucleosome remodelling ATPase ISWI. [FBrf0213629] Wang et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(8): 2868--2877 Protein misfolding and oxidative stress promote glial-mediated neurodegeneration in an alexander disease model. [FBrf0213281] Arancio et al., 2010, Genetics 185(1): 129--140 The nucleosome remodeling factor ISWI functionally interacts with an evolutionarily conserved network of cellular factors. [FBrf0213976] Bina et al., 2010, EMBO Rep. 11(3): 201--207 Transcriptional targets of Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway signalling as effectors of haematopoietic tumour formation. [FBrf0210131] Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Chen et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(48): 20774--20779 Participation of the p38 pathway in Drosophila host defense against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. [FBrf0212390] Colinet et al., 2010, FEBS J. 277(1): 174--185 Temporal expression of heat shock genes during cold stress and recovery from chill coma in adult Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209693] Krusiński et al., 2010, Nucleic Acids Res. 38(9): e108 Dual FRET assay for detecting receptor protein interaction with DNA. [FBrf0210789] Mosqueira et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(10): e13450 Chronic Hypoxia Impairs Muscle Function in the Drosophila Model of Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). [FBrf0212137] Tian et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(5): e10669 Phylogeny Disambiguates the Evolution of Heat-Shock cis-Regulatory Elements in Drosophila. [FBrf0210820] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...