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Gene Dmel\Khc

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Khc	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Kinesin heavy chain	Annotation symbol	CG7765
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001308
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	16 publicly available
Also Known As	KIN, DmKHC, kinesin, DKH, l(2R)W12
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	53A3-53A4	Sequence location	2R:12,154,465..12,159,483 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Kinesin heavy chain is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Khc (CG7765, FBgn0001308). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: microtubule motor activity; microtubule binding. There is experimental evidence for 17 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: cellular component organization or biogenesis; anatomical structure development; localization; cellular component movement; cellular process involved in reproduction; microtubule-based movement; transport; cell projection organization; multicellular organismal reproductive process; biological regulation. 69 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: cell part; organ system; cell projection; organelle; neuron projection; nervous system; eo support cell; organ system subdivision; protein complex; synapse; cytoplasmic part; axon; female germline cyst. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Kinesin, motor domain; Kinesin, motor region, conserved site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1641312_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Khc. Gene sequence location is 2R:12154465..12159483.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Kin: Kinesin Encodes a protein from Drosophila that behaves similarly in its effect on movement of microtubules and is antigenically similar to the heavy chain kinesin of squid and sea urchin (Saxton et al., 1988). The Drosophila kinesin is found in embryos, larvae, adults, and tissue culture cells. Flies deficient for Kin survive through early embryogenesis (Saxton).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Lawrence et al., 2002, J. molec. Evol. 54(1): 42--53
FB2012_01	References Henthorn et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(21): 4038--4046 Shastry and Hancock, 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(10): 939--943 Sequence features HFA07448 BKN22445 Controlled Vocabulary Terms intracellular protein transport neuron projection morphogenesis maintenance of cell polarity
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 53A3-53A4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Lis-1k11702&P{EP}CG8443EP969 and P{lacW}l(2)k07824k07824&P{lacW}vegk03402
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 53A3-53A5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 53A1-53A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Cuenca et al., 1998) 53A3-53A5   53B1--2   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 52F-52F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Stewart et al., 1991) 53A3-53A5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Endow and Hatsumi, 1991) 53A-53A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Yang et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Khc for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Khc-RA FBtr0087184  NM_057242   3725   975
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.0 (northern blot) (Yang et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Khc-PA   FBpp0086328   110.4   975   5.51     NP_476590   AAF58029
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	975 (aa); 110 (kD predicted) (Yang et al., 1989) 975 (aa) (Stewart et al., 1993) 34 (kD observed) (Walker, 1995)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Kinesin, motor domain (IPR001752) Kinesin, motor region, conserved site (IPR019821)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA539629   AA694800   AA696937   AA697744   AA697955   AA820387   AA821203   AA978373   AE013599 AAF58029   AC004318   AI109588   AI386604   AI512127   AI542660   AQ026051   AQ026054   AY094959 AAM11312   BI168415   BI352144   BP552971   BP553566   BT011195   CK658219   CO324627   EC061406   EC063683   EC066768   EC083933   EC086317   EC090540   EC209622   EC213886   EC216479   EC226087   EC227144   EC261526   EL876162   EV576702   M24441 AAA28652
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P17210
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   head   (Yang et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Khc transcripts are detected in RNA isolated from heads. (Yang et al., 1988)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage & oogenesis   follicle cell   (Clark et al., 1994) nurse cell   (Clark et al., 1994) distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS) Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   photoreceptor cell | apical   (Mosley-Bishop et al., 1999) enzyme assay or biochemical detection Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage & oogenesis   oocyte   (Clark et al., 1994) oogenesis & adult stage | female   female germline stem cell   (Clark et al., 1994) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   organism | ubiquitous   (Saxton et al., 1991) adult stage   lamina neuropil | faint & restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) epithelial glial cell | faint & restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) photoreceptor cell R1 | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) photoreceptor cell R2 | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) photoreceptor cell R3 | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) photoreceptor cell R4 | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) photoreceptor cell R5 | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) photoreceptor cell R6 | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) oogenesis   egg chamber | ubiquitous & oogonial cell | ubiquitous   (Brendza et al., 2002) oogenesis stage S8 -- S10A   oocyte | posterior   (Brendza et al., 2002)   stage S8 oocyte | anterior & dorsal & stage S9 oocyte | anterior & dorsal & stage S10A oocyte | anterior & dorsal   (Brendza et al., 2002) germarium & oogonial cell   (Brendza et al., 2002) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010) day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Marker for plus ends of microtubules. (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Mosley-Bishop et al., 1999) Posterior localization within oocyte is not observed. (Clark et al., 1994) Khc protein is diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of all cells in embryos. Before cellularization, staining is most intense in the layer of cytoplasm adjacent to the cortex. After cellularization, staining is most intense in the apical cytoplasm of each somatic cell. (Saxton et al., 1991) An even distribution of protein was observed throughout the germline cells of the germarium and early egg chambers. Staining was usually more intense in the somatic follicle cells and particularly strong in polar follicle cells.From stage 8 to stage 10A oocytes protein was most concentrated in the posterior pole of the oocyte and a small concentration was also observed in the anterodorsal corner. (Brendza et al., 2002) This construct is a marker for plus ends of microtubules, and localizes apically in developing facets. (Mosley-Bishop et al., 1999)
Marker for
	microtubule
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	cytoplasm (Saxton et al., 1991) microtubule (Mosley-Bishop et al., 1999)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0001308    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0001308 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001308 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8697 embryo 02-04hr    4763 embryo 04-06hr    2217 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    3918 embryo 10-12hr    5067 embryo 12-14hr    4609 embryo 14-16hr    5527 embryo 16-18hr    4446 embryo 18-20hr    3847 embryo 20-22hr    4070 embryo 22-24hr    3762 larva L1    3975 larva L2    4869 larva L3 12hr old    3569 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2714 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3520 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3788 white prepupae new    4297 white prepupae 12hr    4523 white prepupae 24hr    4937 pupae 2d postWPP    4030 pupae 3d postWPP    3149 pupae 4d postWPP    3720 adult male 01day    2990 adult male 05day    2768 adult male 30day    2918 adult female 01day    4243 adult female 05day    5529 adult female 30day    5483 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (8697) embryo 02-04hr  (4763) embryo 04-06hr  (2217) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (3918) embryo 10-12hr  (5067) embryo 12-14hr  (4609) embryo 14-16hr  (5527) embryo 16-18hr  (4446) embryo 18-20hr  (3847) embryo 20-22hr  (4070) embryo 22-24hr  (3762) larva L1  (3975) larva L2  (4869) larva L3 12hr old  (3569) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2714) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3520) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (3788) white prepupae new  (4297) white prepupae 12hr  (4523) white prepupae 24hr  (4937) pupae 2d postWPP  (4030) pupae 3d postWPP  (3149) pupae 4d postWPP  (3720) adult male 01day  (2990) adult male 05day  (2768) adult male 30day  (2918) adult female 01day  (4243) adult female 05day  (5529) adult female 30day  (5483) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (8697) embryo 02-04hr  (4763) embryo 04-06hr  (2217) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (3918) embryo 10-12hr  (5067) embryo 12-14hr  (4609) embryo 14-16hr  (5527) embryo 16-18hr  (4446) embryo 18-20hr  (3847) embryo 20-22hr  (4070) embryo 22-24hr  (3762) larva L1  (3975) larva L2  (4869) larva L3 12hr old  (3569) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2714) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3520) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (3788) white prepupae new  (4297) white prepupae 12hr  (4523) white prepupae 24hr  (4937) pupae 2d postWPP  (4030) pupae 3d postWPP  (3149) pupae 4d postWPP  (3720) adult male 01day  (2990) adult male 05day  (2768) adult male 30day  (2918) adult female 01day  (4243) adult female 05day  (5529) adult female 30day  (5483) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8697 embryo 02-04hr    4763 embryo 04-06hr    2217 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    3918 embryo 10-12hr    5067 embryo 12-14hr    4609 embryo 14-16hr    5527 embryo 16-18hr    4446 embryo 18-20hr    3847 embryo 20-22hr    4070 embryo 22-24hr    3762 larva L1    3975 larva L2    4869 larva L3 12hr old    3569 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2714 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3520 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3788 white prepupae new    4297 white prepupae 12hr    4523 white prepupae 24hr    4937 pupae 2d postWPP    4030 pupae 3d postWPP    3149 pupae 4d postWPP    3720 adult male 01day    2990 adult male 05day    2768 adult male 30day    2918 adult female 01day    4243 adult female 05day    5529 adult female 30day    5483 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8697 embryo 02-04hr    4763 embryo 04-06hr    2217 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    3918 embryo 10-12hr    5067 embryo 12-14hr    4609 embryo 14-16hr    5527 embryo 16-18hr    4446 embryo 18-20hr    3847 embryo 20-22hr    4070 embryo 22-24hr    3762 larva L1    3975 larva L2    4869 larva L3 12hr old    3569 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2714 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3520 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3788 white prepupae new    4297 white prepupae 12hr    4523 white prepupae 24hr    4937 pupae 2d postWPP    4030 pupae 3d postWPP    3149 pupae 4d postWPP    3720 adult male 01day    2990 adult male 05day    2768 adult male 30day    2918 adult female 01day    4243 adult female 05day    5529 adult female 30day    5483 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001308 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8697 embryo 02-04hr    4763 embryo 04-06hr    2217 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    3918 embryo 10-12hr    5067 embryo 12-14hr    4609 embryo 14-16hr    5527 embryo 16-18hr    4446 embryo 18-20hr    3847 embryo 20-22hr    4070 embryo 22-24hr    3762 larva L1    3975 larva L2    4869 larva L3 12hr old    3569 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2714 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3520 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3788 white prepupae new    4297 white prepupae 12hr    4523 white prepupae 24hr    4937 pupae 2d postWPP    4030 pupae 3d postWPP    3149 pupae 4d postWPP    3720 adult male 01day    2990 adult male 05day    2768 adult male 30day    2918 adult female 01day    4243 adult female 05day    5529 adult female 30day    5483 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (8697) embryo 02-04hr  (4763) embryo 04-06hr  (2217) embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (3918) embryo 10-12hr  (5067) embryo 12-14hr  (4609) embryo 14-16hr  (5527) embryo 16-18hr  (4446) embryo 18-20hr  (3847) embryo 20-22hr  (4070) embryo 22-24hr  (3762) larva L1  (3975) larva L2  (4869) larva L3 12hr old  (3569) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2714) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3520) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (3788) white prepupae new  (4297) white prepupae 12hr  (4523) white prepupae 24hr  (4937) pupae 2d postWPP  (4030) pupae 3d postWPP  (3149) pupae 4d postWPP  (3720) adult male 01day  (2990) adult male 05day  (2768) adult male 30day  (2918) adult female 01day  (4243) adult female 05day  (5529) adult female 30day  (5483) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (8697) embryo 02-04hr  (4763) embryo 04-06hr  2217 embryo 06-08hr  (3094) embryo 08-10hr  (3918) embryo 10-12hr  (5067) embryo 12-14hr  (4609) embryo 14-16hr  (5527) embryo 16-18hr  (4446) embryo 18-20hr  (3847) embryo 20-22hr  (4070) embryo 22-24hr  (3762) larva L1  (3975) larva L2  (4869) larva L3 12hr old  (3569) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2714) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3520) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (3788) white prepupae new  (4297) white prepupae 12hr  (4523) white prepupae 24hr  (4937) pupae 2d postWPP  (4030) pupae 3d postWPP  (3149) pupae 4d postWPP  (3720) adult male 01day  (2990) adult male 05day  (2768) adult male 30day  (2918) adult female 01day  (4243) adult female 05day  (5529) adult female 30day  (5483) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8697 embryo 02-04hr    4763 embryo 04-06hr    2217 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    3918 embryo 10-12hr    5067 embryo 12-14hr    4609 embryo 14-16hr    5527 embryo 16-18hr    4446 embryo 18-20hr    3847 embryo 20-22hr    4070 embryo 22-24hr    3762 larva L1    3975 larva L2    4869 larva L3 12hr old    3569 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2714 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3520 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3788 white prepupae new    4297 white prepupae 12hr    4523 white prepupae 24hr    4937 pupae 2d postWPP    4030 pupae 3d postWPP    3149 pupae 4d postWPP    3720 adult male 01day    2990 adult male 05day    2768 adult male 30day    2918 adult female 01day    4243 adult female 05day    5529 adult female 30day    5483 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8697 embryo 02-04hr    4763 embryo 04-06hr    2217 embryo 06-08hr    3094 embryo 08-10hr    3918 embryo 10-12hr    5067 embryo 12-14hr    4609 embryo 14-16hr    5527 embryo 16-18hr    4446 embryo 18-20hr    3847 embryo 20-22hr    4070 embryo 22-24hr    3762 larva L1    3975 larva L2    4869 larva L3 12hr old    3569 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2714 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3520 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3788 white prepupae new    4297 white prepupae 12hr    4523 white prepupae 24hr    4937 pupae 2d postWPP    4030 pupae 3d postWPP    3149 pupae 4d postWPP    3720 adult male 01day    2990 adult male 05day    2768 adult male 30day    2918 adult female 01day    4243 adult female 05day    5529 adult female 30day    5483 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0001308    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0001308 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001308 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001308 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    259.15 Larval Midgut    247.8 Larval Hindgut    283.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    205.1 Larval Fat Body    151.7 Larval Salivary Gland    280.2 Larval Trachea    228.45 Larval Carcass    227.45 Adult Head    168 Adult Eye    156.025 Adult Brain    217.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1 Adult Crop    235.6 Adult Midgut    264.6 Adult Hindgut    248.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    261 Adult Fat Body    156.8 Adult Salivary Gland    195.1 Adult Heart    189.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5 Adult Ovary    278.3 Adult Testis    70.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    165.2 Adult Carcass    178.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    168   NA  Eye    156.025   NA  Brain    217.3   259.15  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    269.1   NA  Crop    235.6   247.8  Midgut    264.6   283.9  Hindgut    248.8   205.1  Malpighian Tubules    261   151.7  Fat Body    156.8   280.2  Salivary Gland    195.1   NA  Heart    189.05   228.45  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    153.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    184.5   NA  Ovary    278.3   NA  Testis    70.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    165.2   227.45  Carcass    178.9 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_26
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001308 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG7765-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal Khc2 Khc3 Khc4 Khc5 Khc7 Khc8 Khc9 Khc10 Khc11 Khc12 Khc13 lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 Khc248-2134.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP lethal (with Khc27) Khcpgs1 lethal (with Khcpgs1) Khc27 lethal | embryonic stage Khc27 lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone Khc27 lethal | heat sensitive Khc1ts lethal | recessive Khc2 Khc4 Khc5.287 Khc6 Khc7.288 Khc8.70 Khc8 Khc10 Khc17 Khc18 Khc19 Khc20 Khc23 Khc24 Khc27 Khc32 Khc36 Khc37 Khck13219 Khck13314 Khcunspecified semi-lethal | embryonic stage Khc17 Khc23 semi-lethal | larval stage Khc17 Khc23 semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KhcGD12278 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective Khc1ts Khc6 Khc8 KhcBD behavior defective | recessive Khc4 Khc5 Khc6 KhcBD body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KhcGD12278 locomotor behavior defective (with Dp(1;2;Y)w+) Khc16 neuroanatomy defective (with Df(2R)Jp6) Khc6 neuroanatomy defective | recessive Khck13314 neuroanatomy defective | recessive | somatic clone | third instar larval stage Khc27 neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone Khc8 neurophysiology defective Khc5 Khc6 paralytic | larval stage Khc17 Khc22 Khc23 Khc76 Khc77 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KhcGD12278 visible | recessive | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 wild-type Khc+t7.5 KhcUbi-p63E.T:Hsap\MYC wild-type, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev KhcScer\UAS.T:Ecol\lacZ Phenotype manifest in Allele adult cuticle & scutellar bristle | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 axon Khc1ts Khc6 Khc8 KhcBD axon (with Dp(1;2;Y)w+) Khc16 axon (with Tp(1;3)wvco) Khc16 chorion | germline clone Khcpgs1 Khcpgs2 class IV dendritic arborizing neuron | somatic clone Khc27 dendrite Khck13314 dorsal appendage | germline clone Khc27 dorsal appendage | germline clone | maternal effect Khc17 Khc23 Khc27 Khc77 embryo | germline clone Khc27 embryonic/larval nervous system Khc8 eye | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 eye photoreceptor cell & endoplasmic reticulum | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 eye photoreceptor cell & multivesicular body | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 follicle cell & mitochondrion | germ-line clone Khc27 germline cyst & mitochondrion | germ-line clone Khc27 macrochaeta | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KhcGD12278 microchaeta | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 microtubule Khc17 Khc23 Khc27 microtubule & oocyte | oogenesis stage S9 | germ-line clone Khc27 mitochondrial cloud | germline clone Khc27 mitochondrion Khc27 mitochondrion (with Khc6) Khc27 mitochondrion (with Khc17) Khc27 mitochondrion (with Khc27) Khc17 Khc6 neuromuscular junction Khc1ts Khc6 Khc8 KhcBD nurse cell fusome | germline clone Khc27 ommatidium | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 oocyte Khc17 Khc23 Khc27 oocyte & nucleus | germ-line clone Khc27 Khc5.287 Khc7.288 Khc8.70 oocyte | germline clone Khc27 oocyte nucleus Khcpgs1 pole plasm Khc27 pole plasm | germline clone Khc27 posterior fascicle & axon Khc16 rhabdomere | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 scutellar bristle | somatic clone Khc20 Khc27 stage S9 oocyte & nucleus | germ-line clone Khc27 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KhcGD12278
Classical Alleles ( 48 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Khc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Khc8 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes Khce02141 piggyBac transposase 2 -- Khck13219 P-element activity 2 -- Khck13314 P-element activity 2 -- Khc1ts hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Khc4 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes Khc20 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- Khc27 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc10B12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc12C1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc16 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- Khc16E8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc17 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc22 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc32 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc36 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc37 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc5.287 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc5 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc6 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc6D10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc7.288 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc76 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc77 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Khc7J9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc8.70 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khc9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes KhcA20.6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- KhcA4.12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- KhcB14.5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- KhcBD hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- KhcG5.8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- KhcI14.6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- KhcK5.14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khcpgs1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khcpgs2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Khcunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 21 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Khc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion KhcGD12278 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes Khc248-2134.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes KhcGL00330 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes KhcHMS01519 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes KhcJF01939 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Khc+t7.5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Khc1-849.αTub67C.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Khc1-975.αTub67C.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Khc4R-A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Khc4R in vitro construct 0 Yes KhcdsRNA.cGa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes KhcdsRNA.cLa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes KhcE97.Hsp83.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Khcfl.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Khcftz.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes KhcK.ftz in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes KhcNIG.7765R in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes KhcScer\UAS.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Khct7.5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes KhctCH322-162G07 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes KhcUbi-p63E.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)BSC309 (Christensen and Cook, 2007.5.8) Df(2R)BSC609 (Christensen et al., 2008.9.3) Df(2R)BSC888 (Cook and Cook, 2010.10.13) Df(2R)Exel6063 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)Jp4 (Fernandez et al., 2000) Df(2R)Jp6 (Torroja et al., 1999, Saxton et al., 1991, Gho et al., 1992, Hurd and Saxton, 1996) Df(2R)Jp7 (Saxton et al., 1991, Hurd et al., 1996) Df(2R)Jp8 (Halsell and Kiehart, 1998, Liu et al., 1999, Fernandez et al., 2000)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)Jp4 (Saxton et al., 1991) Df(2R)Jp7 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data heat-shock construct P{KhcE97:lacZ} NA UAS construct P{GD12278} NA P{TRiP.GL00330} NA P{TRiP.HMS01519} NA P{TRiP.JF01939} NA P{UAS-Khc::lacZ} NA P{UAS-Khc::nod::lacZ} NA P{UAS-Khc.EGFP} NA reporter construct P{KhcE97:lacZ} No P{KβG} No P{UAS-Khc::lacZ} No characterization construct P{Khc7.5} NA P{Khc.4R} NA P{Khc.4R-A} NA P{Khc.K} NA P{Khc.KA} NA P{Khc.KC} NA P{Khct7.5} NA P{kinco.HA} NA P{KZ.TRAP} NA P{NIG.7765R} NA P{NZ} NA P{SIFΔN} NA P{UAS-nod.GFP} NA P{UAS-nod.YFP} NA P{UASp-Khc::nod::lacZ} NA P{Ubi-p63E-Khc.Myc} NA P{αTub67C-Khc.1-849-GFP} NA P{αTub67C-Khc.1-975-GFP} NA PBac{CH322-162G07} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{RB}Khce02141 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}Khck13219 No P{lacW}Khck13314 No P{lacW}l(2)SH0474SH0474 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 29 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 22 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
microtubule binding inferred from direct assay (Harrison et al., 1993) microtubule motor activity inferred from direct assay (Ali et al., 2008, Gagliano et al., 2010)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axon cargo transport inferred from mutant phenotype (Gindhart et al., 2003) axon guidance inferred from mutant phenotype (Berger et al., 2008) axonogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Satoh et al., 2008) cytoplasmic transport inferred from mutant phenotype (Serbus et al., 2005) dendrite morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Satoh et al., 2008) eye photoreceptor cell differentiation inferred from genetic interaction with Gl (Whited et al., 2004) intracellular protein transport inferred from mutant phenotype (Henthorn et al., 2011) maintenance of cell polarity inferred from mutant phenotype (Henthorn et al., 2011) microtubule-based movement inferred from direct assay (Ali et al., 2008) microtubule-based transport inferred from direct assay (Gagliano et al., 2010) mitochondrion distribution inferred from mutant phenotype (Cox and Spradling, 2006) mitochondrion transport along microtubule inferred from mutant phenotype (Pilling et al., 2006) neuron projection morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Henthorn et al., 2011) oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Brendza et al., 2002) oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization inferred from mutant phenotype (Zimyanin et al., 2007) pole plasm assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Cha et al., 2002) regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Brendza et al., 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
kinesin complex inferred from direct assay (Harrison et al., 1993) microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008) colocalizes_with mitochondrion inferred from direct assay (Pilling et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001752, InterPro:IPR019821 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microtubule binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF067180 (FlyBase, 1992-) microtubule motor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF067180 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) motor activity non-traceable author statement (Harrison et al., 1993) plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity traceable author statement (Brendza et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte traceable author statement (Cohen, 2002) microtubule-based movement inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF067180 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) neuronal action potential propagation non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) neurotransmitter secretion non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1) pole plasm oskar mRNA localization non-traceable author statement (Cohen, 2002) regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization traceable author statement (Tekotte and Davis, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
kinesin complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF067180 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.8.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Khc allele Gene References Khc1ts eag (Hurd et al., 1996) Sh (Hurd et al., 1996) Khc4 eag (Hurd et al., 1996) mle (Hurd et al., 1996) para (Hurd et al., 1996) Sh (Hurd et al., 1996) Khc5 eag (Hurd et al., 1996) mle (Hurd et al., 1996) para (Hurd et al., 1996) Sh (Hurd et al., 1996) Khc6 eag (Hurd et al., 1996) mle (Hurd et al., 1996) para (Hurd et al., 1996) Sh (Hurd et al., 1996) Khc8 Appl (Torroja et al., 1999, Gunawardena and Goldstein, 2001) Gl (Whited et al., 2004) Khc9 htt (Gunawardena et al., 2003) Khc16 Aplip1 (Martin et al., 1999) Dhc64C (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek2 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek3 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek5 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek6 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek7 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek8 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek9 (Martin et al., 1999) E(Khc)ek10 (Martin et al., 1999) Gl (Martin et al., 1999) KhcBD eag (Hurd et al., 1996) mle (Hurd et al., 1996) para (Hurd et al., 1996) Sh (Hurd et al., 1996) Khck13219 Gl (Whited et al., 2004) Khck13314 Gl (Whited et al., 2004) Khcunspecified Dhc64C (Martin et al., 1997, Martin et al., 1999) Klc (Martin et al., 1999) unspecified Aplip1 (Gassman et al., 1997, Gassman et al., 1999, Horiuchi et al., 2005) Unc-76 (Gindhart et al., 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62529 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001308 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001308 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36810
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF11276 Dere\GG22283 Dgri\GH19755 Dmoj\GI20293 Dper\GL11356 Dpse\GA20572 Dsec\GM20071 Dsim\GD25552 Dvir\GJ22020 Dwil\GK20895 Dyak\GE14079
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA20572   Dsub\Khc
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL008542-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP000561-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_395236.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001944740.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 18361 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) BGIBMGA006809-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000033805 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0003594 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN10821 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP25801 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE26945 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000008392 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.60321 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000003405 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA06057 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn02500 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd6_2790 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ006688 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000017289 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP21008 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000019813 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) DDB0216174 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2B10978g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 197668 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000085067 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000012298 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000023279 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000037000 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_13825 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 168226 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000307078 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW014331-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 143701 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF17.0800 Leishmania major (virus) ENSMODP00000004309 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000019734 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000028102 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001606707.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000009649 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000002851 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os10g36880.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) PF07_0104 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM002469-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000002553 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 83364 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 142980 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 572919 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000046464 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000006341 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_001040 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) NP_999628.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 54045 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_973415.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053506479.60 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000014963 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000017225 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3690.m00004 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000025503 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0A11099g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV13663 LH18015 ISCW014331 FBgn0231705 FBgn0222888 FBgn0209134 FBgn0196838 FBgn0174954 JGI_V11_197668 FBgn0080566 FBgn0148965 FBgn0143029 FBgn0127219 FBgn0114455 FBgn0088316 CPIJ006688 BGIBMGA006809 ACYPI002812 GB10827 AGAP000561 AAEL008542 PB22769 PHUM578890 GLEAN_11608
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 16 )
Bloomington	31994 w*; Khc1ts/CyO 1607 b1 pr1 Khc8/CyO 9648 y1 w*; P{UAS-Khc.EGFP}2/CyO 25898 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01939}attP2 18018 w1118; PBac{RB}Khce02141/CyO 31995 y1 w*; pr1 Khc4/SM6a 11077 y1 w67c23; P{lacW}Khck13219/CyO 11084 y1 w67c23; P{lacW}Khck13314/CyO
Harvard	- PBac{RB}Khce02141
Kyoto	106414 b1 pr1 Khc8/CyO
VDRC	v44337 w1118 P{GD12278}v44337 v44338 w1118; P{GD12278}v44338/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR25I17 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 34 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM14862 SD02406
Other clones	DPiM_SD02406
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH08824 GH16739 GM01565 GM08737 GM18066 HL03088 HL03525 LD17901 LD23969 LD26478 LD43857 LP14984 RE09141 SD09090
Other clones	28063 31379 33233 66750 72539 105589 122006 166337 166437 273047 273775 568843 Dmel_dig_011027_0705_1129 EK194411 FGM221H01 FGM225B02 IP06009
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001308 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36810
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	The gene is named "partagas", after a brand of Cuban cigars, due to the mutant eggshell phenotype. (Barbosa et al., 2007)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Khc l(2)k13219 (Whited et al., 2004) Source for merge of: Khc l(2)k13314 (Spradling et al., 1999) Source for merge of: Khc l(2)W12 (Steward, 2000.8.14)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	4 alleles of Khc have been isolated in a screen for mutants with defects in dorsoventral patterning of the eggshell. (Barbosa et al., 2007) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Posterior localisation of Dynein and dorsal-ventral axis formation in the oocyte is dependent on Khc. (Brendza et al., 2002) Khc restricts pole plasm formation to the posterior by moving osk mRNA away from microtubule-rich lateral and anterior cortical regions. (Cha et al., 2002) Khc is required for all cytoplasmic movements in the oocyte and for the posterior localisation of Dhc64C. Klc is not required for any of the functions of kinesin in the oocyte. (Palacios and St. Johnston, 2002) Khc is required for posterior localisation of osk mRNA and stau. (Brendza et al., 2000) Homologous genetic loci in D.subobscura and D.melanogaster tend to show a similar ultrastructure in the two species. (Cuenca et al., 1998) Analysis of Khc-ncd fusion proteins indicates that residues or regions contributing to motor polarity are present in the Khc motor core region. (Endow and Waligora, 1998) Using crystallographic data an atomic resolution model of the motor domain dimer is built, this dimer can be successfully 'docked' into the three-dimensional framework of the maps from electron cryomicroscopy. (Kozielski et al., 1998) Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) can destroy kinesin activity in at least two ways: loss of motor activity or irreversible attachment of the kinesin enzyme to its microtubule substrate. (Surrey et al., 1998) Studies of N-terminal Khc fragments reveals that more than one kinesin head is required for continuous movement at maximal velocity. (Young et al., 1998) The reciprocal location of nod and Khc fusion proteins indicates microtubule polarity in the oocyte, epithelium, neuron and muscle. (Clark et al., 1997) A study of Khc movement along microtubules suggests a fundamental enzymatic cycle for kinesin in which hydrolysis of a single ATP molecule is coupled to a step distance of the microtubule protofilament lattice spacing of 8.12nm. (Hua et al., 1997) Analysis of recombinant Khc fragments in which the neck domain is shortened or replaced by an artificial random coil suggests that the neck domain does not act as a rigid lever arm to magnify the structural change at the catalytic domain but instead it acts as a flexible joint to guarantee the mobility of the motor domain. (Inoue et al., 1997) Medium-resolution three-dimensional structure of microtubules interacting with two functional dimeric motors with opposite directionality (Khc and ncd) is determined. (Arnal et al., 1996) Mutations in Khc enhance the para and mel and suppress the Sh and eag mutant phenotypes. Khc activity is required for normal inward sodium currents during neuronal action potentials, but mutants do not affect the driving force on sodium ions. Loss of Khc function may inhibit the anterograde axonal transport of vesicles bearing sodium channels. (Hurd et al., 1996) Khc mutations cause axonal swellings that are filled with the cargoes of fast axonal transport, including many membrane-bounded organelles and synaptic membrane proteins. Mutations also inhibit motor axon terminal development. Impaired kinesin function causes a general disruption of fast axonal transport that in turn leads to dystrophic neuron development, length-dependent defects in neurotransmission and progressive distal paralysis. (Hurd and Saxton, 1996) The crystal structure of the MgADP complex of the ncd motor domain is determined to 2.5A by X ray crystallography and compared to the Khc motor domain. The domains are similar in structure and locations of conserved surface amino acids suggest the motors share a common microtubule-binding site. Structural and functional comparisons indicate the NTPases may have a similar strategy of changing conformation between NTP and NDP states. (Sablin et al., 1996) ncd and Khc differ in their initial, weak binding to microtubules which causes the proteins to move in opposite directions. The nature of a structural bias that may serve as a determinant of motor polarity is not clear, results suggest the microtubule binding site may determine direction. (Song and Endow, 1996) Truncated Khc molecules having only a single motor domain do not show detectable processive movement along a microtubule in a gliding assay, which is consistent with a model in which Khc's two force-generating heads operate by a hand-over-hand mechanism. (Vale et al., 1996) Observations of truncated Khc derivatives with either two or one mechanochemical head suggest that the ability of single two-headed kinesin molecules to drive continuous movement results from a hand-over-hand mechanism in which one head remains bound to the microtubule while the other detaches and moves forwards. (Berliner et al., 1995) Clonal analysis in the eye reveals that Khc mutant tissue has missing or disorganized facets, abnormal lens structure and bristle multiplications, as well as disorganization of the ommatidial array. Individual ommatidia may have abnormal numbers of photoreceptors. (Brendza et al., 1995) Studies of the oligomeric states of truncated Khc proteins indicates that the region between amino acids 367 and 401 of Khc either contains a dimerisation domain or that dimerisation is strongly affected by the removal of this region. (Correia et al., 1995) Comparison of monomeric and dimeric Khc derivatives demonstrates that dimeric derivatives contain structures distinct from the rod domain that induce the formation of dimers with mechanochemical activities analogous to those of the native kinesin. The one-headed derivative displays microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity and is functional is a motility assay. Also the one headed enzyme fails to track microtubule protofilaments. (Gelles et al., 1995) Direct measurement of the kinetics of Khc dissociation from microtubules, the release of phosphate and ADP from kinesin and rebinding of kinesin to the microtubule have defined the mechanism for the kinase ATPase cycle and provides an explanation for the motility difference between skeletal myosin and kinesin. (Gilbert et al., 1995) Rapid kinetic techniques are used to define a mechanism for the microtubule - kinesin ATPase using Khc motor domain. (Gilbert et al., 1995) Studies of a bacterially expressed head domain demonstrate it represents a biologically relevant and fully characterised protein preparation useful for mechanistic studies. (Johnson and Gilbert, 1995) Mixtures of Khc motor domain protein treated with the zero-length cross linker EDC generates covalently cross linked products of Khc with βTub56D and Khc with αTub84B. These results indicate that the Khc motor domain interacts with both βTub56D and αTub84B. (Walker, 1995) Identified as a 120kD polypeptide in an ATP MAPs 1-24 hour embryonic fraction. (Cole et al., 1994) The pre-steady-state kinetics of the microtubule.kinesin ATPase pathway is studied using a mutant of Khc and chemical quench flow techniques to measure steps of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and ADP release during the first turnover of the enzyme. (Gilbert and Johnson, 1994) The sequence of the Khc protein has been compared with the sequences of a variety of kinesin family proteins. (Goodson et al., 1994) A truncated Khc protein consising of the N terminal 401 amino acids, containing both the ATP and microtubule binding sites, behaves as native kinesin with respect to steady state properties, having full catalytic activity with microtubules. (Gilbert and Johnson, 1993) Drosphila kinesin heavy chain has been used in a study of the interaction of the kinesin motor domain with the microtubule surface: binding becomes saturated at one kinesin head per heterodimer. (Harrison et al., 1993) A series of truncated kinesin heavy chain and ncd proteins were generated and assayed for movement along microtubules in vitro: conserved domain of both proteins has microtubule motor activity, and direction of movement is intrinsic to conserved motor domain. (Stewart et al., 1993) Ultrastructural analysis of a Khc-α-Spec fusion protein suggests that the Khc stalk region forms a parallel dimer. Chemical-cross linking studies suggest that the two chains are in register. The stalk forms an α-helical coiled coil structure. Part of this α-helical structure may be less stable than the rest of the α-helical structure. (de Cuevas et al., 1992) Kinesin may be active in transport of ion channels and components of synaptic release machinery to appropriate cellular locations, but is not required for anterograde transport of synaptic vesicles/components. (Gho et al., 1992) Immunocytochemical and genetic analysis of the kinesin heavy chain gene indicates that the heavy chain is an essential protein. Normal heavy chain function is important in the neuromuscular system, but probably not for the basic cell cycle. (Saxton et al., 1991) Khc protein is able to induce microtubule movement in vitro. (Yang et al., 1990) Antibodies to Drosophila Khc cross-react with mammalian kinesin protein, and antibodies to bovine brain kinesin cross-react with Drosophila Khc protein. (Neighbors et al., 1988) Flies deficient for Khc survive through early embryogenesis (Saxton).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057242 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476590 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA821203 AA978373 AAA28652 AAF58029 AAM11312 AC004318 AQ026051 AQ026054 AY094959 M24441 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 36810 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P17210
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Kinesin, motor domain (IPR001752) Kinesin, motor region, conserved site (IPR019821)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62529 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001308 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001308 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001308 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001308 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG7765-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001308 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36810 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL008542-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP000561-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_395236.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001944740.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 18361 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) BGIBMGA006809-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000033805 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0003594 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN10821 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP25801 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE26945 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000008392 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.60321 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000003405 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA06057 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn02500 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd6_2790 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ006688 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000017289 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP21008 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000019813 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) DDB0216174 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2B10978g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 197668 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000085067 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000012298 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000023279 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000037000 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_13825 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 168226 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000307078 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW014331-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 143701 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF17.0800 Leishmania major (virus) ENSMODP00000004309 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000019734 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000028102 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001606707.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000009649 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000002851 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os10g36880.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) PF07_0104 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM002469-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000002553 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 83364 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 142980 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 572919 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000046464 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000006341 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_001040 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) NP_999628.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 54045 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_973415.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053506479.60 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000014963 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000017225 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3690.m00004 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000025503 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0A11099g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/kinesin1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36810 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001308 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV13663 LH18015 ISCW014331 FBgn0231705 FBgn0222888 FBgn0209134 FBgn0196838 FBgn0174954 JGI_V11_197668 FBgn0080566 FBgn0148965 FBgn0143029 FBgn0127219 FBgn0114455 FBgn0088316 CPIJ006688 BGIBMGA006809 ACYPI002812 GB10827 AGAP000561 AAEL008542 PB22769 PHUM578890 GLEAN_11608
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 33 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG7765 (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Stuart et al., 2007, Barbosa et al., 2007, Perkins et al., 1.15.2009, Berger et al., 2008, Hughes et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Cammarato et al., 2011) DK (Reddy and Reddy, 2002) DKH (Hackney, 2002, Stock et al., 1999) DmK (Bornschlögl et al., 2009) DmKHC (Kim and Endow, 2000, Hirokawa et al., 1998, Henningsen et al., 1997, Moore and Endow, 1996, Goodson et al., 1994) Dmkin (Endow and Hatsumi, 1991) Khc (Anne et al., 2007, Moua et al., 2007, Tran and Welte, 2007, Cook and Estes, 2006.12.4, Cox and Spradling, 2006, Brendza, 2000.3.2, Brendza et al., 1999, Shapiro and Anderson, 2006, Christensen and Cook, 2007.5.8, Christensen et al., 2008.9.3, Lin et al., 2006, Navarro et al., 2004, Zimyanin et al., 2007, Martin et al., 2005, Pilling et al., 2006, Barkus et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2008, Januschke et al., 2006, Wang and Riechmann, 2008, Kaltenbach et al., 2007, Kraft et al., 2006, Januschke et al., 2007, Zimyanin et al., 2008, Gervais et al., 2008, Goold and Davis, 2007, Mische et al., 2007, Shubeita et al., 2008, Toda et al., 2008, Dworkin et al., 2009, Krauss et al., 2009, Krauss et al., 2009, Vendra et al., 2007, Li et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2009, Johnson et al., 2009, Bitan et al., 2010, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Loiseau et al., 2010, Cook and Cook, 2010.10.13, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Lerit and Gavis, 2011, Bianco et al., 2010, Moua et al., 2011) KHC (Ling, 2004, Ling, 2004, Gindhart et al., 2003, Goshima and Vale, 2003, Gunawardena et al., 2003, Stowers et al., 2002, Stowers et al., 2001, Gunawardena and Goldstein, 2001, Miki et al., 2001, Heck, 1999, Gauger and Goldstein, 1993, Stewart et al., 1991, Ashraf et al., 2006, Lawrence et al., 2002, Glater et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2007, Jang et al., 2005, Haghnia et al., 2007, Rogers et al., 2008, Muthukrishnan et al., 2009, Jolly et al., 2010, Ally et al., 2009, Loschi et al., 2009, Garcia et al., 2009, Bitan et al., 2010, Gagliano et al., 2010) khc (Schimmelpfeng and Goldstein, 2005, Vogt et al., 2003, Babu et al., 2004, Gaengel and Mlodzik, 2003, Whited et al., 2004, Cha et al., 2002, Tekotte and Davis, 2002, Januschke et al., 2002, Pellettieri and Seydoux, 2002, Sablin et al., 1998, Halsell and Kiehart, 1998, Gindhart et al., 1995, Brendza et al., 1995, Lane and Kalderon, 1994, Brendza et al., 1993, Hurd and Saxton, 1992, Saxton et al., 1991, Schimmelpfeng and Goldstein, 2006, Mochizuki et al., 2006, Satoh et al., 2007, Schimmelpfeng et al., 2007, Janody and Treisman, 2006, Gross et al., 2008, Barbosa et al., 2007, Boylan et al., 2008, Dahlgaard et al., 2007, Medina et al., 2008, Sung et al., 2008, Rezával et al., 2008, Satoh et al., 2008, Gaspar and Szabad, 2009, Kalifa et al., 2009, Trucco et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Xiong et al., 2010, Coffman et al., 2005, Henthorn et al., 2011) KIF5A (Miki et al., 2001) KIN (Bondinas et al., 2002, Bondinas et al., 2001) Kin (Surrey et al., 1998, Poulton and Deng, 2006, Klusza and Deng, 2007, Li et al., 2008) kin (Endow et al., 1990, Zheng et al., 2008, Kalifa et al., 2009) kinesin (Carter and Cross, 2005, Molloy and Schmitz, 2005, Loschi et al., 2009, Shastry and Hancock, 2010) l(2)k13219   l(2)k13314 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) l(2)W12 (Steward, 2000.8.14, ) l(2R)W12 (Fernandez et al., 2000, Liu et al., 1999) pgs (Barbosa et al., 2007)
Name Synonym	conventional kinesin (Kaan et al., 2011) kinesin (Short et al., 2005, Gindhart et al., 2005, Escobar et al., 2005, Stock et al., 2003, Kwon and Scholey, 2004, de Heredia and Jansen, 2004, Shiroguchi et al., 2003, Yajima et al., 2003, Klumpp et al., 2002, Klumpp et al., 2001, Hua et al., 2002, Yamaguchi et al., 2001, Hoenger et al., 2000, Iwane et al., 1999, Inoue et al., 1999, Inoue et al., 1998, Hackney et al., 2003, Reddy and Reddy, 2002, Pierce et al., 1995, Neighbors et al., 1988, Asbury et al., 2003, Zheng et al., 2008, Kalifa et al., 2009, Trucco et al., 2009, Kamei et al., 2005) Kinesin (Ogden et al., 2003, Poulton and Deng, 2006, Hartwig et al., 2008) kinesin-1 (Kerssemakers et al., 2006, Glater et al., 2006, Serbus and Sullivan, 2008, Weaver and Goldstein, 2008, Josowitz et al., 2008, Seitz and Surrey, 2006, Bieling et al., 2008, Ally et al., 2009, Crevenna et al., 2008, Kaan et al., 2011) kinesin 1 (Zimyanin et al., 2008) Kinesin-1 (Oladipo et al., 2007, Bornschlögl et al., 2009, Vendra et al., 2007, Pack-Chung et al., 2007) kinesin-1 heavy chain (Muthukrishnan et al., 2009, Li et al., 2010, Bianco et al., 2010) Kinesin-1 heavy chain (Gagliano et al., 2010) Kinesin heavy chain (Cox and Spradling, 2006, Wang and Riechmann, 2008, Januschke et al., 2007, Zimyanin et al., 2008, Gervais et al., 2008, Jolly et al., 2010, Rehmsmeier et al., 2004, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Loiseau et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011) kinesin heavy chain (Satoh et al., 2007, Schimmelpfeng et al., 2007, Weaver and Goldstein, 2008, Favors and Hales, 2008, Josowitz et al., 2008, Martin et al., 2005, Kaltenbach et al., 2007, Dahlgaard et al., 2007, Chicoine et al., 2007, Medina et al., 2008, Ali et al., 2008, Haghnia et al., 2007, Sung et al., 2008, Satoh et al., 2008, Rogers et al., 2008, Gaspar and Szabad, 2009, Thoresen and Gelles, 2008, Trucco et al., 2009, Boylan et al., 2008, Berger et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2009, Garcia et al., 2009, Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Henthorn et al., 2011) kinesin heavy chain I (Januschke et al., 2003) kinesin I (Welte, 2004, Tran and Welte, 2007) kinesin α-chain (Hackney and Stock, 2000) kinesin α subunit (Huang et al., 1994, Huang and Hackney, 1994) partagas (Barbosa et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0021886 FBgn0021889 FBgn0028613
References ( 414 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 414 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 250 ) Supplementary material  ( 12 ) Review  ( 36 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 94 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 17 )
	Henthorn et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(21): 4038--4046 A role for kinesin heavy chain in controlling vesicle transport into dendrites in Drosophila. [FBrf0216511] Kaan et al., 2011, Science 333(6044): 883--885 The structure of the kinesin-1 motor-tail complex reveals the mechanism of autoinhibition. [FBrf0214689] League and Nam, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(6): e21218 Role of Kinesin Heavy Chain in Crumbs Localization along the Rhabdomere Elongation in Drosophila Photoreceptor. [FBrf0213997] Lerit and Gavis, 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(6): 439--448 Transport of germ plasm on astral microtubules directs germ cell development in Drosophila. [FBrf0213255] Moua et al., 2011, Development 138(6): 1087--1092 Kinesin-1 tail autoregulation and microtubule-binding regions function in saltatory transport but not ooplasmic streaming. [FBrf0213072] Noguchi et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(10): 805--814 Sustained elongation of sperm tail promoted by local remodeling of giant mitochondria in Drosophila. [FBrf0213754] Bianco et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(16): 1487--1492 Bicaudal-D regulates fragile X mental retardation protein levels, motility, and function during neuronal morphogenesis. [FBrf0211628] Bitan et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(2): 496--507 Asymmetric microtubule function is an essential requirement for polarized organization of the Drosophila bristle. [FBrf0209571] Gagliano et al., 2010, Europ. Biophys. J. 39(5): 801--813 Kinesin velocity increases with the number of motors pulling against viscoelastic drag. [FBrf0210395] Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Development 137(14): 2341--2351 Sm proteins specify germ cell fate by facilitating oskar mRNA localization. [FBrf0211144] Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, J. Comp. Neurol. 518(7): 1133--1155 Immunocytochemical localization of synaptic proteins to photoreceptor synapses of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209968] Jolly et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(27): 12151--12156 Kinesin-1 heavy chain mediates microtubule sliding to drive changes in cell shape. [FBrf0211241] Klusza and Deng, 2010, Fly 4(2): 128--136 poly is required for nurse-cell chromosome dispersal and oocyte polarity in Drosophila. [FBrf0211064] Li et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(5): 992--1006 Bicaudal-D binds clathrin heavy chain to promote its transport and augments synaptic vesicle recycling. [FBrf0210180] Loiseau et al., 2010, Development 137(16): 2763--2772 Drosophila PAT1 is required for Kinesin-1 to transport cargo and to maximize its motility. [FBrf0211407] Shastry and Hancock, 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(10): 939--943 Neck linker length determines the degree of processivity in kinesin-1 and kinesin-2 motors. [FBrf0214861] Xiong et al., 2010, J. Cell Biol. 191(1): 211--223 Protein turnover of the Wallenda/DLK kinase regulates a retrograde response to axonal injury. [FBrf0211939] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...