A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2013_03, released May 7th, 2013
 

Gene Dmel\kni

General Information
SymbolDmel\kniSpeciesD. melanogaster
NameknirpsAnnotation symbolCG4717
Feature typeprotein_coding_geneFlyBase IDFBgn0001320
Gene Model StatusCurrent Stock availability 340 publicly available
Also Known Asri
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)3LRecombination map
Cytogenetic map77E3-77E3Sequence location3L:20,685,430..20,688,478 [-]

Genomic Maps

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Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information
The gene knirps is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\kni (CG4717, FBgn0001320). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription; sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; repressing transcription factor binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: dendrite morphogenesis; regulation of mitosis; muscle organ development; epidermis development. 108 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: multicellular structure; anatomical structure; abdominal segment; organ system; adult segment; thoracic segment; organ system subdivision; late extended germ band embryo; embryonic abdominal segment 1; abdominal segment 10; dorsal trunk primordium; dorsal branch primordium; embryonic/larval hemocoel. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type; Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, adult hindgut, larval trachea. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1629097_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of kni. Gene sequence location is 3L:20685430..20688478.

User Contributed Data
External Summaries
hide Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage
kni: knirps
Zygotic gap gene whose mutants are homozygous lethal; their denticle belts in segments one through seven are fused into a single field (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980), but the head, thorax, eighth abdominal segment, and tail region appear normal. Embryos homozygous for a strong kni mutant show a wide band of ftz staining instead of the normal number of ftz stripes (Carroll and Scott, 1986).
ri: radius incompletus
thumb
ri: radius incompletus
From Edith M. Wallace, unpublished.
Vein L2 interrupted. Wings slightly warped and blunt. Acts during contraction period in D. simulans, inhibiting fusion of small spaces into a vein (Waddington, 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139). RK1.
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Description
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
hide Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
77E3-77E3  
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}trblEP3519 and P{EP}fngEP3082&P{lacW}skdL7062  
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
77E1-77E2  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
77E1-77E2  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
3-47.1
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
hide Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\kni for information on other features GBrowse View Help
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
detailed view FBtr0078283 FBpp0077941 FBti0042963 FBti0036997
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
hide Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Associated CDS (aa)
FBtr0078283
  2100
  429
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
2.5, 2.2 (northern blot)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
hide Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank protein
kni-PA  
FBpp0077941  
45.6  
429  
8.35  
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
429 (aa); 45.6 (kD predicted)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
hide Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Name
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
hide Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.
Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.
Type
Symbol & Location
Additional Notes
References
protein binding site
bound_moiety=sd-XP
comment=A mutation in this site along with two other Sd-binding sites in a kni wing reporter construct leads to complete loss of wing disc expression.
evidence=experimental
bound_moiety=Sd-XP
protein binding site
bound_moiety=sd-XP
bound_moiety=Sd-XP
comment=A mutation in this site along with two other Sd-binding sites in a kni wing reporter construct leads to complete loss of wing disc expression.(binding site reported on opposite strand with respect to kni gene transcription)
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=sd-XP
bound_moiety=Sd-XP
comment=(binding site reported on opposite strand with respect to kni gene transcription)
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=Sd-XP
bound_moiety=sd-XP
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=sd-XP
comment=Tandem Sd-binding site. A mutation in this site along with two other Sd-binding sites in a kni wing reporter construct leads to complete loss of wing disc expression. (binding site reported on opposite strand with respect to kni gene transcription)
evidence=experimental
bound_moiety=Sd-XP
protein binding site
bound_moiety=cad-XP
comment=cad binding site 1
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=cad-XP
comment=cad binding site 2. The binding site has two extra T residues in the reference sequence relative to the reported sequence.
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=cad-XP
comment=cad binding site 3
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=cad-XP
comment=cad binding site 4
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=cad-XP
comment=cad binding site 5
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=bcd-XP
comment=bcd binding site 1
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=bcd-XP
comment=bcd binding site 2
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=cad-XP
comment=cad binding site 6
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=bcd-XP
comment=bcd binding site 3
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=bcd-XP
comment=bcd binding site 4
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=bcd-XP
comment=bcd binding site 5
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=bcd-XP
comment=bcd binding site 6
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=hb-XP
comment=hb binding site 1
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=hb-XP
comment=hb binding site 2
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=hb-XP
comment=hb binding site 3
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=hb-XP
comment=hb binding site 4
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=hb-XP
comment=hb binding site 5
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=hb-XP
comment=hb binding site 6 (weak site)
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=tll-XP
comment=tll binding site 1
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=tll-XP
comment=tll binding site 2 (last base differs from that reported in FBrf0057643).
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=tll-XP
comment=tll binding site 3
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=Kr-XP
comment=Kr binding site K1
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=Kr-XP
comment=Kr binding site K2
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
bound_moiety=tll-XP
comment=tll binding site 4
evidence=experimental
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
protein binding site
regulatory region
comment=Region sufficient to direct the correct spatial pattern of kni expression in the wing vein L2 primordium in wing imaginal discs.
linked_to=XhoI-EcoRI_rfrag
regulatory region
comment=Region sufficient to direct the correct spatial pattern of kni expression in the anterior and posterior domains in the blastoderm embryo.
evidence=experimental
linked_to=BamHI-NruI_rfrag
regulatory region
comment=Fragment directs kni wild-type-like abdominal expression pattern in blastoderm embryos.
linked_to=KpnI-DraI_rfrag
regulatory region
comment=Fragment required for setting the anterior boundary of kni expression in the abdomen in blastoderm embryos.
evidence=experimental
linked_to=PstI-EcoRI_rfrag
regulatory region
comment=Fragment required for setting the posterior boundary of kni expression in the abdomen in blastoderm embryos.
linked_to=EcoRI-DraI_rfrag
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
hide External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
hide Expression Data
hideTranscript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Comment:maternally deposited
Comment:two lateral cells rows on either side of embryonic large intestine
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
kni is expressed in the third instar wing disc in a narrow stripe corresponding to the position of the L2 primordium.
kni is expressed in the blastoderm embryo from approximately 30-45% egg length.
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
hide Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term
References
hide Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{kni(4.4)-lacZ}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{kni-lacZ.2R}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{kni-lacZ.Ψ}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{kni64}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
hide High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
hide FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)


   Styles
   Scales

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, adult hindgut, larval trachea.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
 
No expression (0 - 9.999)
 
Low expression (10 - 99.999)
 
Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
 
High level expression (500 - 999.999)
 
Very high expression (>999.999)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 Very high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 5.35
Larval Midgut
 
 12.1
Larval Hindgut
 
 68
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 3.4
Larval Fat Body
 
 2.6
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 4.5
Larval Trachea
 
 158.775
Larval Carcass
 
 19.3
Adult Head
 
 54.4
Adult Eye
 
 5.85
Adult Brain
 
 5.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
Adult Crop
 
 402.9
Adult Midgut
 
 6.5
Adult Hindgut
 
 165
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
Adult Fat Body
 
 9.8
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 11.5
Adult Heart
 
 7.875
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
Adult Ovary
 
 1.2
Adult Testis
 
 11
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
Adult Carcass
 
 33.8
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
Heatmap
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 
Larval Midgut
 
 
Larval Hindgut
 
 
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 
Larval Fat Body
 
 
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 
Larval Trachea
 
 
Larval Carcass
 
 
Adult Head
 
 
Adult Eye
 
 
Adult Brain
 
 
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 
Adult Crop
 
 
Adult Midgut
 
 
Adult Hindgut
 
 
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 
Adult Fat Body
 
 
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 
Adult Heart
 
 
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 
Adult Ovary
 
 
Adult Testis
 
 
Adult Male Accessory Gland
 
 
Adult Carcass
 
 

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level
 
NA 
Head
 
 54.4
 
NA 
Eye
 
 5.85
 
NA 
Brain
 
 5.1
 
5.35 
Central Nervous System
 
 NA
 
NA 
Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 5.8
 
NA 
Crop
 
 402.9
 
no informative data 
Midgut
 
 6.5
 
68 
Hindgut
 
 165
 
3.4 
Malpighian Tubules
 
 4.8
 
2.6 
Fat Body
 
 9.8
 
4.5 
Salivary Gland
 
 no informative data
 
NA 
Heart
 
 7.875
 
158.775 
Trachea
 
 NA
 
NA 
VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 4.6
 
NA 
InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.6
 
NA 
Ovary
 
 1.2
 
NA 
Testis
 
 11
 
NA 
Male Accessory Gland
 
 4.9
 
19.3 
Carcass
 
 33.8

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
hide modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)


   Styles
   Scales


[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 12
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 3
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 2
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 7
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 6
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day female
 
 7
head, mated 4-day female
 
 4
head, mated 20-day female
 
 5
head, mated 1-day male
 
 8
head, mated 4-day male
 
 7
head, mated 20-day male
 
 8
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 2
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 3
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
fat body, white prepupae
 
 3
fat body, pupae P8
 
 21
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 11
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 5
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 6
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 0
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 0
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 
head, mated 1-day female
 
 
head, mated 4-day female
 
 
head, mated 20-day female
 
 
head, mated 1-day male
 
 
head, mated 4-day male
 
 
head, mated 20-day male
 
 
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
fat body, white prepupae
 
 
fat body, pupae P8
 
 
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 

hide modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)


   Styles
   Scales

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 
 70
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 
 37
embryo 08-10hr
 
 39
embryo 10-12hr
 
 40
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 (70)
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 (37)
embryo 08-10hr
 (39)
embryo 10-12hr
 (40)
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 
 70
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 
 37
embryo 08-10hr
 
 39
embryo 10-12hr
 
 40
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 
 70
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 
 37
embryo 08-10hr
 
 39
embryo 10-12hr
 
 40
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 
 70
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 
 37
embryo 08-10hr
 
 39
embryo 10-12hr
 
 40
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 (70)
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 (37)
embryo 08-10hr
 (39)
embryo 10-12hr
 (40)
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 
 70
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 
 37
embryo 08-10hr
 
 39
embryo 10-12hr
 
 40
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 4
embryo 02-04hr
 
 70
embryo 04-06hr
 
 24
embryo 06-08hr
 
 37
embryo 08-10hr
 
 39
embryo 10-12hr
 
 40
embryo 12-14hr
 
 22
embryo 14-16hr
 
 11
embryo 16-18hr
 
 7
embryo 18-20hr
 
 7
embryo 20-22hr
 
 6
embryo 22-24hr
 
 5
larva L1
 
 4
larva L2
 
 3
larva L3 12hr old
 
 2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 6
white prepupae new
 
 6
white prepupae 12hr
 
 4
white prepupae 24hr
 
 12
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 12
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 7
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 4
adult male 05day
 
 4
adult male 30day
 
 5
adult female 01day
 
 3
adult female 05day
 
 1
adult female 30day
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 
embryo 02-04hr
 
 
embryo 04-06hr
 
 
embryo 06-08hr
 
 
embryo 08-10hr
 
 
embryo 10-12hr
 
 
embryo 12-14hr
 
 
embryo 14-16hr
 
 
embryo 16-18hr
 
 
embryo 18-20hr
 
 
embryo 20-22hr
 
 
embryo 22-24hr
 
 
larva L1
 
 
larva L2
 
 
larva L3 12hr old
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 
white prepupae new
 
 
white prepupae 12hr
 
 
white prepupae 24hr
 
 
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 
adult male 01day
 
 
adult male 05day
 
 
adult male 30day
 
 
adult female 01day
 
 
adult female 05day
 
 
adult female 30day
 
 

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
hide modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
hide modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)


   Styles
   Scales


[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 2
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 1
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 3
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 1
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 2
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 

hide Expression Clusters
A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.
hide External Data & Images
Linkouts
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
hide Alleles & Phenotypes
hide Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adherens junction & embryonic dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
adult thorax & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 1
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 2
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 3
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 4
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 5
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 6
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle & abdominal segment 7
hide Classical Alleles ( 35 )
For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of kniClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
kniri-1328 Yes
kni6loss of function allele3 Yes
kni9loss of function allele3 --
kni10amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele2 --
knid109222 --
kni11 Yes
kni5loss of function allele1 Yes
kni8amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele0 Yes
kni11loss of function allele0 Yes
kni120 Yes
kni2loss of function allele0 Yes
kni30 Yes
kni40 --
kni5H
0 --
kni7loss of function allele0 Yes
kniDD48
0 --
kniEP0 --
kniIIID
0 --
kniIIIE48
0 --
kniP5hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
kniri-2
0 --
kniri-51k0 --
kniri-53j0 Yes
kniri-60b20 --
kniri-92f0 Yes
kniri-M1
0 --
kniri-M2
0 --
kniri-M3
0 Yes
kniri-M4
0 --
kniri-XT101
0 --
kniri-XT2
0 Yes
kniriM
0 Yes
kniSchuh0 --
kniT0 Yes
kniunspecified0 --
hide Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 73 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of kniClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
kniGD14702 Yes
kniHMS011841 Yes
kniJF025441 Yes
kni139-330.Kr.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni139-330.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni169-330.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni188-429.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni189-254.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni189-254.Act5C0 Yes
kni189-254.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni189-254.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni189-330.Kr.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni189-330.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni202-358.Kr.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni202-358.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni22FKE.eve0 Yes
kni22FKT.eve0 Yes
kni255-429.twi.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni2FKE.eve0 Yes
kni2FKT.eve0 Yes
kni330.hs.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni52-93.MtnA.T:Ecol\lacZ0 Yes
kni64-81.MtnA.T:Ecol\lacZ0 Yes
kni71-93.MtnA.T:Ecol\lacZ0 Yes
kni75-189,254-429.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni75-189.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni75-254.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni75-276.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-330.hs.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-330.Kr.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-330.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-332.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni75-364mut.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni75-394mut.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni75-429.hs.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-429.Kr.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-429.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\His60 Yes
kni75-429.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni75-429.ΔPMDL.Kr.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kni75-429mut.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kni94-330.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kniAct5C.PH0 Yes
kniAct5C.T:Tn10\tetR0 Yes
kniC.Act5C.T:Tn10\tetR0 Yes
kniCmut.Act5C.T:Tn10\tetR0 Yes
knieve.P0 Yes
knihs.PH0 Yes
knihs.PR0 Yes
knihs.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Zzzz\FLAG0 Yes
kniM42.Act5C0 Yes
kniN.Act5C.T:Tn10\tetR0 Yes
kniNmut.Act5C.T:Tn10\tetR0 Yes
kniP-DLS-K.eve0 Yes
kniScer\FRT.22FKE.eve0 Yes
kniScer\FRT.22FKT.eve0 Yes
kniScer\FRT.2FKE.eve0 Yes
kniScer\FRT.2FKT.eve0 Yes
kniScer\FRT.P-DLS-K.eve0 Yes
kniScer\FRT.sna0 Yes
kniScer\UAS.cCa0 Yes
kniScer\UAS.cLa0 Yes
knisna.PC0 Yes
knitCH322-25A120 Yes
knitRa0 Yes
kniΔ159-164.Act5C0 Yes
kniΔ187-199.Act5C0 Yes
kniΔ75-93.Act5C0 Yes
kniΔA.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kniΔB.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kniΔC.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kniΔD.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kniΔE.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
kniΔF.T:Scer\GAL40 Yes
hide Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in
Duplicated in
hide Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
heat-shock construct
NameExpression Data
P{hs-kni.75-330.6His.FLAG}NA
P{hs-kni.75-429.6His.FLAG}NA
P{hs-kni.330.6His.FLAG}NA
P{hs-kni.429.6His.FLAG}NA
P{hsp70-kni}NA
P{kni-hsp70}NA
reporter construct
NameExpression Data
P{2bcd}No
P{2cad}No
P{3x2bcd}No
P{4bcd}No
P{5x4bcd}No
P{5xbcd}No
P{kni64.SH}No
P{kni64.SN}No
P{kni64}No
P{kni223/kni64.RH}No
P{kni223/kni64}No
P{kni223.SN}No
P{kni223}No
P{kni.KBg}No
P{kni.KC}No
P{kni.KD}No
P{kni.KFn}No
P{kni.KN/CR}No
P{kni.KP/NR}No
P{kni.KP/RBg}No
P{kni.KR}No
P{kni.KT}No
P{kni.KX}No
P{kni.PN}No
P{kni.RR}No
P{kni.SN}No
P{kni.XK}No
P{kni(4.4)-lacZ}No
P{kni-hkb-lacZ.VAE}No
P{kni-hkb-lacZ.VE.45}No
P{kni-hkb-lacZ.VE}No
P{kni-hkb-lacZ.VRE}No
P{kni-lacZ.2R}No
P{kni-lacZ.-5}No
P{kni-lacZ.+1}No
P{kni-lacZ.AE19}No
P{kni-lacZ.AE20}No
P{kni-lacZ.AE20BtM}No
P{kni-lacZ.AE20d}No
P{kni-lacZ.AE20NASE}No
P{kni-lacZ.E}No
P{kni-lacZ.EC-3Sdmut}No
P{kni-lacZ.EC}No
P{kni-lacZ.ES}No
P{kni-lacZ.EX(ri53j)}No
P{kni-lacZ.EX}No
P{kni-lacZ.EΔri1}No
P{kni-lacZ.W}No
P{kni-lacZ.Z}No
P{kni-lacZ.Ψ}No
P{lacZkni.6bcd}No
P{lacZkni.PX}No
P{Δhbkni223/kni64}No
GAL4 construct
NameExpression Data
P{Gal4-kni.75-189,254-429}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-189}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-254}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-276}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-330}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-332}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-364mut}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-394mut}No
P{GAL4-kni.75-429}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-429}No
P{Gal4-kni.75-429mut}No
P{Gal4-kni.94-330}No
P{Gal4-kni.139-330}No
P{Gal4-kni.169-330}No
P{Gal4-kni.188-429}No
P{GAL4-kni.189-254}No
P{Gal4-kni.189-254}No
P{Gal4-kni.189-330}No
P{Gal4-kni.202-358}No
P{Gal4-kni.ΔA}No
P{Gal4-kni.ΔB}No
P{Gal4-kni.ΔC}No
P{Gal4-kni.ΔD}No
P{Gal4-kni.ΔE}No
P{Gal4-kni.ΔF}No
P{Kr-GAL4-kni.75-330}No
P{Kr-GAL4-kni.75-429.ΔPMDL}No
P{Kr-GAL4-kni.75-429}No
P{Kr-GAL4-kni.139-330}No
P{Kr-GAL4-kni.189-330}No
P{Kr-GAL4-kni.202-358}No
P{twi-GAL4-kni.255-429}No
UAS construct
NameExpression Data
P{GD1470}NA
P{TRiP.HMS01184}NA
P{TRiP.JF02544}NA
P{UAS-kni.C}NA
P{UAS-kni.L}NA
characterization construct
NameExpression Data
P{hb-h::kni.J}NA
P{kni.eve.2FKE}NA
P{kni.eve.2FKT}NA
P{kni.eve.22FKE}NA
P{kni.eve.22FKT}NA
P{kni.eve.P-DLS-K}NA
P{kni.FRT.2FKE}NA
P{kni.FRT.2FKT}NA
P{kni.FRT.22FKE}NA
P{kni.FRT.22FKT}NA
P{kni.FRT.P-DLS-K}NA
P{kni.PX}NA
P{kni(0.5)-lacZ}NA
P{kni(1.8)-lacZ}NA
P{kni(3.6)-lacZ}NA
P{knicLa}NA
P{knieve.P}NA
P{kni-GAL4.L2}NA
P{kniknrlfing}NA
P{kniSH}NA
P{sna(FRT.STOP)kni.C}NA
P{sna(-FRT)kni.C}NA
PBac{CH322-25A12}NA
Insertions
Type of insertions
Name
Expression data
insertion of mobile activating element
miscellaneous insertions
insertion of enhancer trap
hide Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 20 unique terms )
hide Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term
References
inferred from physical interaction with CtBP
Biological Process
CV term
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
hide Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 14 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term
References
Biological Process
CV term
References
traceable author statement
Cellular Component
CV term
References
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674
non-traceable author statement
hide Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
hide Interactions & Pathways
hide Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group
Assay
References
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
hide Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
kni allele
Gene
References
hide External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions
DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.
hide Orthologs
hide OrthoDB Orthologs (61) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
Drosophila inclusive ortholog search
Dipteran inclusive ortholog search
Insect inclusive ortholog search
Arthropod inclusive ortholog search
Metazoa inclusive ortholog search
hideOrthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6JHD10)
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly 
 
 
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly 
 
 
Drosophila simulans
 
 
Y
Drosophila sechellia
 
 
Y
Drosophila erecta
 
 
Y
Drosophila yakuba
 
 
Y
Drosophila yakuba
 
 
Y
Drosophila ananassae
 
 
Y
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
 
 
Y
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
 
 
Y
Drosophila persimilis
 
 
Y
Drosophila willistoni
 
 
Y
Drosophila virilis
 
 
Y
Drosophila mojavensis
 
 
Y
Drosophila grimshawi
 
 
Y
hideOrthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6JWVNH)
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito 
Y
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito 
Y
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito 
Y
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito 
Y
hideOrthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6JHB9J)
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee 
Amel\GB47422
Y
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp 
Nvit\Nasvi2EG008926
Y
Acromyrmex echinatior
Panamanian leafcutter ant 
Aech\AECH14595
Y
Atta cephalotes
Leafcutter ant 
Acep\ACEP19084
Y
Camponotus floridanus
Florida carpenter ant 
Cflo\CFLO12554
Y
Harpegnathos saltator
Jerdons jumping ant 
Hsal\HSAL13562
Y
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant 
Lhum\LH11697
Y
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
Red harvester ant 
Pbar\PB11053
Y
Solenopsis invicta
Red fire ant 
Sinv\SINV10125
Y
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid 
Y
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth 
Y
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse 
Y
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle 
Y
hideOrthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6DR7T6)
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Daphnia pulex
Water flea 
Y
Ixodes scapularis
Deer tick 
Y
hideOrthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6NWBC0)
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Caenorhabditis elegans
Nematode 
Y
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin 
Y
Danio rerio
Zebrafish 
Y
Danio rerio
Zebrafish 
Y
Danio rerio
Zebrafish 
Y
Danio rerio
Zebrafish 
Y
Danio rerio
Zebrafish 
Y
Danio rerio
Zebrafish 
Y
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog 
Y
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog 
Y
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog 
Y
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog 
Y
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken 
Y
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken 
Y
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken 
Y
Mus musculus
House mouse 
Y
Mus musculus
House mouse 
Y
Mus musculus
House mouse 
Y
Mus musculus
House mouse 
Y
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat 
Y
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat 
Y
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat 
Y
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat 
Y
Homo sapiens
Human 
Y
Homo sapiens
Human 
Y
Homo sapiens
Human 
Y
Homo sapiens
Human 
Y
hide Human Orthologs (4)
Gene
OMIM
HGNC
hideAAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism
Gene
Drosophila simulans
Drosophila sechellia
Drosophila erecta
Drosophila yakuba
Drosophila ananassae
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Drosophila persimilis
Drosophila willistoni
Drosophila virilis
Drosophila mojavensis
Drosophila grimshawi
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Bloomington
Harvard
Kyoto
VDRC
hide Genomic Clones ( 2 )
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
hide cDNA Clones ( 11 )
Please Note
This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
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Linkouts
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
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Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Source for merge of: kni ri
Additional comments
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DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for kni protein in 2-3 hr embryos; see BDTNP1_TFBS_kni collection report.
dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of kni causes dorsal overextension of primary dendrites in ddaD and ddaE neurons. For such neurons, the most distal branchpoint is located 25 microns or further from the distal tip of the primary dendrite. However, branching of these dendrites is almost completely blocked. RNAi also causes defects in muscle, defects in the epidermis and defects in dendrite morphogenesis.
Both Dpp and FGF signalling pathways control kni expression.
kni and knrl appear to be important in spatially restricting endoreduplication domains.
knrl and kni possess multiple and redundant functions during tracheal development. knrl/ kni activity is necessary to mediate dpp signalling (which is required for tracheal cell migration and formation of dorsal and ventral branches). knrl/ kni activity in dorsal tracheal cells is essential for secondary and terminal branch formation, via repression of salm. The border between dorsal trunk and branch identity is established by the direct interaction of kni with a salm cis-regulatory element.
Zygotic activation of h stripe 6 expression is preceded by activation in response to maternal cad activity, activation does not depend exclusively on the zygotic activity of kni as thought previously. cad and kni activities cooperate in a non-synergistic manner to activate h stripe 6 transcription. Absence of kni does not cause lack of h stripe 6 activation but delays the appearance of the stripe. Activation of the stripe depends on a minimal number of activator binding sites that are scattered throughout the stripe 6 element.
In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.
Mutations in kni fail to complement ri, when rearranged with respect to each other, while complementing without rearrangement, suggesting ri-kni transvection. A kni cDNA transgene can rescue the ri phenotype. Genomic Southern data reveals that transheterozygosity of overlapping deficiencies resulting in an ri phenotype creates a small synthetic deletion in the kni upstream region.
Mutants are isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen to identify zygotic mutations affecting germ cell migration at discrete points during embryogenesis: mutants exhibit gap pattern defects.
In vitro binding assays, gene dosage studies and transgenic repression assays suggest that CtBP is essential for kni-mediated repression in the early embryo. sna may also require CtBP.
CtBP mediates transcriptional repression by the kni, Kr and sna products in the Drosophila embryo.
The eve stripe 2 enhancer and yeast Scer\FLP1-Scer\FRT system have been used to create a domain of ectopic kni expression in the blastoderm embryo. Specific disruptions of pair-rule patterning are correlated with the level and timing of ectopic expression. This suggests that the ectopic kni domain acts as a source for morphogenetic activity that specifies regions in the embryo where pair-rule genes can be activated or repressed.
The kni gene product mediates both transcriptional quenching and direct repression. The range of kni repression at upstream activators is ~50-100bp, leaving neighboring enhancers free to interact with the transcription complex. kni can also act in promoter-proximal positions, as a dominant repressor, where it can block multiple enhancers.
Gene product is known to regulate Kr CD (cis acting control element) expression.
Two independent and redundant elements in the kni upstream region depend upon bcd and cad activity. Ecol\lacZ reporter gene analysis demonstrates bcd and cad are necessary to activate kni.
Rescue of the kni- embryonic abdominal segmentation phenotype by Res requires another gene, it is likely this is knrl.
Transcription factors hb and kni can associate with Kr in vitro and they interact functionally with Kr-dependent target gene expression mediated by a single Kr-binding site close to an heterologous promoter in Schneider cells.
The abdominal cad domain is required to activate the gap genes kni and gt.
Misexpression of kniby the eve stripe 2 enhancer demonstrates that kni can function as an homeotic gene outside its normal domain.
Loss of vein mutations cause suppression of rhohs.PSt ectopic vein phenotype and enhancement of the rhove-1 loss of vein phenotype.
The biochemically equivalent gene products of kni and knrl are both functional in the head anlage and lack of one gene can be overcome by the activity of the other. kni is also required for abdominal segmentation and knrl is nonfunctional in its posterior expression domain. Therefore the kni/knrl pair of genes provides a region-specific buffering system, rather than global functional redundancy.
h stripe 6 is critically dependent upon kni for activation.
E(z) is required to maintain the expression domain of kni and gt initiated by the maternal hb gradient. A small region of the kni promoter mediates regulation by E(z) and hb.
Regulation of kni and knrl in their common anterior expression domain requires the same trans-acting factors. Both genes fail to be activated by bcd or dl.
Expression of prd depends on activation by gap gene hb, Kr, kni and gt products. Primary pair rule gene products act primarily in subsequent modulation rather than activation of prd stripes. Factors activating prd expression in the pair rule mode interact with those activating it along the dorso-ventral axis.
The role of kni in the regulation of run mRNA expression in the early embryo has been investigated.
DNaseI footprinting analysis reveals core histones His2A, His2B, His3 and His4 (but not His1) bind to the kni minimal enhancer element in a periodic manner.
Evolutionary history for nuclear receptor genes, in which gene duplication events and swapping between domains of different origins took place, is studied.
4.4kb upstream sequence of kni directs Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs in a region corresponding to the endogenous kni transcripts. Deletion constructs were made to determine how kni is spatially regulated.
Males of an isogenic line with a mutation at the ri locus were treated with a standard light heat shock and by a heavy heat shock. Mass transposition of the copia-like element 412 occurred at five transposition "hot-spots" (43B, 49CD, 56A, 56E and 66A) when the F1 generation of males were crossed with untreated females of the same isogenic line. The probabilities of transposition were two orders of magnitude higher than in the control sample. Stepwise temperature treatment shows the induction depends on the intensity of the temperature than any other stress action.
kni is required to establish abdominal segmentation. knrl differs from kni with respect to transcription unit size, kni contains 1kb and knrl contains 19kb intron sequences. The consequence of the intron difference is that knrl cannot substitute for kni segmentation function. The length of the mitotic cycle provides physiological barrier to transcript size and could be a significant factor in controlling developmental gene activity during short phenocritical periods.
kni was included in a study to determine how gap genes influence gt expression.
kni is a dual regulator of gt in the embryo: represses in the head regions and maintains high levels of gt in the tail.
Mutations in zygotic cardinal gene kni interact with RpII140wimp.
Mutant kni embryos do not alter the expression of the Ubx bx region enhancer element, BRE.
Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo.
Mutations in ri affect individual longitudinal veins: vein specific effects.
kni mutants exhibit deletion of the abdomen.
The effect of hb protein concentration on the expression of kni and Kr in the embryo has been studied.
The expression patterns of Kr and kni demonstrate the proteins form overlapping concentration gradients that generate the periodic pair-rule expression pattern.
ri, tg, tt, ab, cv, cv-2, cv-c and cv-d belong to the radius incompletus phenotypic group within the 'lack-of-vein' mutant class. Loss-of-function alleles at these loci remove stretches of veins in two or more longitudinal veins. Double mutants of this group have additive phenotypes suggesting the genes are vein-specific, and have small lanceolate wings. Genes are involved in whole vein region-specification rather than vein differentiation.
An investigation of the role of gap genes in expression from Ubx and Antp promoters in the blastoderm embryo reveals that a unique combination of gap genes and pair rule genes is required for their initial activation.
Mutations in kni alter gt expression in the posterior of the embryo.
Expression of kni-Ecol\lacZ regulatory fusion constructs in mutant embryos shows that kni expression is repressed by tll activity, but enhanced by Kr activity.
Genetic analysis demonstrates that the effect of the gap gene product kni on homeotic gene expression in the visceral mesoderm is indirect and mediated by the genes that establish parasegment borders, eve and ftz.
kni activity exerts a negative effect on Antp expression. This negative regulation is indirect and mediated by an alteration of Kr expression, this can be seen when comparing Antp expression in kni- embryos and Kr-/kni- embryos. kni is involved in restricting Abd-B products within the A8--A9 domain.
Mutant embryos exhibit normal Dfd expression.
Molecular characterisation of kni.
kni mutants display denticle bands of A1 to A7 fused.
Mutant individuals display interruptions of wing vein L2.
Zygotic gap gene whose mutants are homozygous lethal; their denticle belts in segments one through seven are fused into a single field (Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980), but the head, thorax, eighth abdominal segment and tail region appear normal. Embryos homozygous for a strong kni mutant show a wide band of ftz staining instead of the normal number of ftz stripes (Carroll and Scott, 1986).
 
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RefSeq (Transcripts)
RefSeq (Proteins)
Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions
DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.
REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements.
SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.
hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
kni
(Peel et al., 2005, Struffi and Arnosti, 2005, Jaeger and Reinitz, 2006, Chen et al., 1998, Wang et al., 2006, Bangi and Wharton, 2006, Arbouzova et al., 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Daulny et al., 2003, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Kreiman, 2004, Sotillos and de Celis, 2006, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Zeremski et al., 2003, Aerts et al., 2007, Turki-Judeh and Courey, 2012, Brody et al., 2012, Segal et al., 2008, Fu et al., 2003, Jennings et al., 2006, Venken et al., 2009, Cook et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Jaeger et al., 2007, Azevedo et al., 2006, Cook et al., 2008.9.3, Kim et al., 2011, Kaplan et al., 2011, Fomekong-Nanfack et al., 2009, Moran and Jimenez, 2006, Xing et al., 2007, Aswani et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2011, Hare et al., 2008, Fowlkes et al., 2008, Fomekong-Nanfack et al., 2009, Nègre et al., 2011, Li et al., 2011, Perry et al., 2011, Liang et al., 2012, Clyde et al., 2003, Araujo et al., 2007, Haecker et al., 2007, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Haecker et al., 2008, Surkova et al., 2008, Yu and Small, 2008, Kim et al., 2009, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Manu et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Angulo et al., 2004, Akdemir et al., 2007, Terriente-Félix and de Celis, 2009, Pisarev et al., 2009, Jennings et al., 2008, Butler et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10, MacArthur et al., 2009, Janssens et al., 2006, Otsuna and Ito, 2006, Löhr et al., 2009, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009, Ashyraliyev et al., 2009, Surkova et al., 2008, Venken et al., 2009, Manu et al., 2009, Luengo Hendriks et al., 2006, Grad et al., 2004, Tran et al., 2010, Blanco and Gehring, 2008, Gurunathan et al., 2004, Sánchez et al., 2010, Guichard et al., 2006, Rendina et al., 2010, Marco et al., 2009, Liu and Ma, 2011, Sung et al., 2013, Pilgram et al., 2011, Weiss et al., 2010, Ajuria et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Dworkin et al., 2011, Kazemian et al., 2010, Tchuraev and Galimzyanov, 2009, Fowlkes et al., 2011, Ashyraliyev et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2011, Kozlov et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Sokolowski et al., 2012, Aswani et al., 2012, Kvon et al., 2012, Nikulova et al., 2012)
Name Synonym
radius incompletus
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0003253
  • FBgn0017615
hide References ( 587 )
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hide Recent research papers ( 43 )
Dubuis et al., 2013, Mol. Syst. Biol. 9: 639
Accurate measurements of dynamics and reproducibility in small genetic networks. [FBrf0220617]
Rockel et al., 2013, Nucleic Acids Res. 41(4): e52
iSLIM: a comprehensive approach to mapping and characterizing gene regulatory networks. [FBrf0220859]
Shu and Li, 2013, Theor. Biol. Med. Model. 10(1): 11
A statistical thin-tail test of predicting regulatory regions in the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0221021]
Staller et al., 2013, Genetics 193(1): 51--61
Depleting Gene Activities in Early Drosophila Embryos with the "Maternal-Gal4-shRNA" System. [FBrf0220341]
Sung et al., 2013, Curr. Biol. 23(2): 133--138
Number of nuclear divisions in the Drosophila blastoderm controlled by onset of zygotic transcription. [FBrf0220648]
Aswani et al., 2012, Methods Cell Biol. 110: 243--261
Nonparametric variable selection and modeling for spatial and temporal regulatory networks. [FBrf0217971]
Brody et al., 2012, Dev. Dyn. 241(1): 169--189
Use of a Drosophila genome-wide conserved sequence database to identify functionally related cis-regulatory enhancers. [FBrf0216969]
Crombach et al., 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(7): e1002589
Efficient reverse-engineering of a developmental gene regulatory network. [FBrf0218873]
Fisher et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(52): 21330--21335
DNA regions bound at low occupancy by transcription factors do not drive patterned reporter gene expression in Drosophila. [FBrf0220344]
Kim et al., 2012, BMC Syst. Biol. 6: 31
Spatiotemporal network motif reveals the biological traits of developmental gene regulatory networks in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219366]
Kozlov et al., 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(8): e1002635
Modeling of gap gene expression in Drosophila kruppel mutants. [FBrf0219301]
Kvon et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(9): 908--913
HOT regions function as patterned developmental enhancers and have a distinct cis-regulatory signature. [FBrf0218184]
Liang et al., 2012, Development 139(11): 1956--1964
Response to the BMP gradient requires highly combinatorial inputs from multiple patterning systems in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0218213]
Nikulova et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res. 40(12): e93
CORECLUST: identification of the conserved CRM grammar together with prediction of gene regulation. [FBrf0218757]
Shu and Li, 2012, Comput. Biol. Med. 42(9): 935--941
A statistical fat-tail test of predicting regulatory regions in the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0219304]
Sokolowski et al., 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(8): e1002654
Mutual repression enhances the steepness and precision of gene expression boundaries. [FBrf0219378]
Spirov et al., 2012, ScientificWorldJournal 2012: 560101
In silico evolution of gene cooption in pattern-forming gene networks. [FBrf0220710]
Turki-Judeh and Courey, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(2): e30610
The unconserved groucho central region is essential for viability and modulates target gene specificity. [FBrf0217447]
Wells and Johnston, 2012, Dev. Biol. 361(2): 263--276
Maintenance of imaginal disc plasticity and regenerative potential in Drosophila by p53. [FBrf0217050]
Ajuria et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 915--924
Capicua DNA-binding sites are general response elements for RTK signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0212975]
Bieler et al., 2011, Biophys. J. 101(2): 287--296
Whole-embryo modeling of early segmentation in Drosophila identifies robust and fragile expression domains. [FBrf0214381]
Chung et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 160--172
Trachealess (Trh) regulates all tracheal genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. [FBrf0216563]
Dworkin et al., 2011, Genetics 187(4): 1171--1184
The effects of weak genetic perturbations on the transcriptome of the wing imaginal disc and its association with wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214376]
Fowlkes et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(10): e1002346
A conserved developmental patterning network produces quantitatively different output in multiple species of Drosophila. [FBrf0216666]
Gabilondo et al., 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(3-4): 208--221
A targeted genetic screen identifies crucial players in the specification of the Drosophila abdominal Capaergic neurons. [FBrf0213290]
Gursky et al., 2011, BMC Syst. Biol. 5(1): 118
Mechanisms of gap gene expression canalization in the Drosophila blastoderm. [FBrf0217946]
Hengenius et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e26797
Analysis of Gap Gene Regulation in a 3D Organism-Scale Model of the Drosophila melanogaster Embryo. [FBrf0216698]
Kaplan et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(2): e1001290
Quantitative Models of the Mechanisms That Control Genome-Wide Patterns of Transcription Factor Binding during Early Drosophila Development. [FBrf0213025]
Kim et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(6): 880--887
Gene regulation by MAPK substrate competition. [FBrf0213872]
Kim et al., 2011, Mol. Cells 32(6): 549--554
The pleiohomeotic functions as a negative regulator of Drosophila even-skipped gene during embryogenesis. [FBrf0217062]
Letizia et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(2): 240--251
Regulated Crb accumulation controls apical constriction and invagination in Drosophila tracheal cells. [FBrf0212559]
Li et al., 2011, Genome Biol. 12(4): R34
The role of chromatin accessibility in directing the widespread, overlapping patterns of Drosophila transcription factor binding. [FBrf0216471]
Li and Arnosti, 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(5): 406--412
Long- and short-range transcriptional repressors induce distinct chromatin States on repressed genes. [FBrf0213170]
Liu and Ma, 2011, Nat. Cell Biol. 13(1): 22--29
Fates-shifted is an F-box protein that targets Bicoid for degradation and regulates developmental fate determination in Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0212612]
McHale et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 230--240
Gene length may contribute to graded transcriptional responses in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0216627]
Nègre et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 527--531
A cis-regulatory map of the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0213303]
Papatsenko and Levine, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7): e21145
The Drosophila gap gene network is composed of two parallel toggle switches. [FBrf0214233]
Perry et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(33): 13570--13575
Multiple enhancers ensure precision of gap gene-expression patterns in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0214713]
Pilgram et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(2): 492--500
The RhoGAP crossveinless-c Interacts with Dystrophin and Is Required for Synaptic Homeostasis at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction. [FBrf0212767]
Sayal et al., 2011, Fly 5(1): 47--52
Optimization of reporter gene architecture for quantitative measurements of gene expression in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0213005]
Struffi et al., 2011, Development 138(19): 4291--4299
Combinatorial activation and concentration-dependent repression of the Drosophila even skipped stripe 3+7 enhancer. [FBrf0215233]
Turner et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(3): e1001336
Population-Based Resequencing of Experimentally Evolved Populations Reveals the Genetic Basis of Body Size Variation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213327]
Zhang et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 353(2): 259--265
Drosophila long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase acts like a gap gene in embryonic segmentation. [FBrf0213522]
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All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011