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Gene Dmel\knrl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\knrl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	knirps-like	Annotation symbol	CG4761
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001323
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	77D4-77E1	Sequence location	3L:20,590,241..20,613,636 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene knirps-like is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\knrl (CG4761, FBgn0001323). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: regulation of mitosis. 6 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: dorsal closure embryo; metathoracic femur; embryonic dorsal epidermis. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type; Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult hindgut. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1626059_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of knrl. Gene sequence location is 3L:20590241..20613636.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	knrl: knirps-related Expressed maternally at low levels in very early stages; expression increases during early embryogenesis and continues in larvae and adults (in contrast to kni, which is first expressed zygotically and does not continue beyond embryonic stages) (Oro et al., 1988; Rothe et al., 1989).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References McHale et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 230--240 Sequence features BKN45544 BKN30585 HFA11892
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 77D4-77E1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}trblEP3519 and P{EP}fngEP3082&P{lacW}skdL7062
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 77E1-77E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Oro et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\knrl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) knrl-RA FBtr0078212  NM_176374   3786   647
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.8 (northern blot) (Oro et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein knrl-PA   FBpp0077870   68.3   647   5.72     NP_788552   AAF51627
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	647 (aa) (Oro et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type (IPR001628) Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type (IPR013088)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA940859   AE014296 AAF51627   AW942666   AY075383 AAL68221   CO269528   CO301936   CO305454   CO329345   CO341644   EC066234   EC074008   EC208632   EC239318   EC255983   EC257554   GH942641   GH950090   GH953091   GH953351   GH956325   GH959819   GH968540   GH977325   GH981327   GH982884   X14153 CAA32365
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P13054
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 5   organism | 20-30% egg length   (Oro et al., 1988) Comment:25% egg length embryonic stage 10   esophagus primordium   (Fuss et al., 2001) hindgut proper primordium   (Fuss et al., 2001) Comment:rectum and small intestine primordia embryonic stage 10 -- 15   tracheal pit   (Fuss et al., 2001) embryonic stage 13 -- 15   embryonic large intestine | restricted   (Fuss et al., 2001) Comment:two lateral cells rows on either side of embryonic large intestine third instar larval stage   wing vein L2 | precursor   (Lunde et al., 1998) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Oro et al., 1988) embryonic cycle 1 -- embryonic cycle 7   organism | ubiquitous   (Oro et al., 1988) embryonic stage 5   organism | 70% egg length   (Oro et al., 1988) larval stage     (Oro et al., 1988) adult stage     (Oro et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
	knrl is expressed in the third instar wing disc in a narrow stripe corresponding to the position of the L2 primordium. (Lunde et al., 1998) The knrl transcript is expressed at low levels from 0-3 hours of embryogenesis. Expression levels increase in late embryogenesis and in larvae and adults. In situ hybridization experiments show that, from egg deposition until embryonic cycle 8, the knrl transcript is ubiquitous in the embryo. At embryonic cycle 12, expression is detected at 80-100% egg length in a ventral and anterior region. This expression intensifies at the cellular blastoderm stage, and additional intense expression appears at about 70% and 25% egg length. The e pression at 70% egg length is more intense ventrally than dorsally. (Oro et al., 1988)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0001323    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0001323 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001323 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr  (619) embryo 04-06hr  (639) embryo 06-08hr  (767) embryo 08-10hr  (705) embryo 10-12hr  (859) embryo 12-14hr  (992) embryo 14-16hr  (391) embryo 16-18hr  (312) embryo 18-20hr  (334) embryo 20-22hr  (233) embryo 22-24hr  (232) larva L1  (166) larva L2  (145) larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (112) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (154) white prepupae new  (216) white prepupae 12hr  (138) white prepupae 24hr  (364) pupae 2d postWPP  (564) pupae 3d postWPP  (328) pupae 4d postWPP  (159) adult male 01day  (153) adult male 05day  (154) adult male 30day  (147) adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001323 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr  (619) embryo 04-06hr  (639) embryo 06-08hr  (767) embryo 08-10hr  (705) embryo 10-12hr  (859) embryo 12-14hr  (992) embryo 14-16hr  (391) embryo 16-18hr  (312) embryo 18-20hr  (334) embryo 20-22hr  (233) embryo 22-24hr  (232) larva L1  (166) larva L2  (145) larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (154) white prepupae new  (216) white prepupae 12hr  138 white prepupae 24hr  (364) pupae 2d postWPP  (564) pupae 3d postWPP  (328) pupae 4d postWPP  (159) adult male 01day  (153) adult male 05day  (154) adult male 30day  (147) adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    619 embryo 04-06hr    639 embryo 06-08hr    767 embryo 08-10hr    705 embryo 10-12hr    859 embryo 12-14hr    992 embryo 14-16hr    391 embryo 16-18hr    312 embryo 18-20hr    334 embryo 20-22hr    233 embryo 22-24hr    232 larva L1    166 larva L2    145 larva L3 12hr old    93 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    45 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    112 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    154 white prepupae new    216 white prepupae 12hr    138 white prepupae 24hr    364 pupae 2d postWPP    564 pupae 3d postWPP    328 pupae 4d postWPP    159 adult male 01day    153 adult male 05day    154 adult male 30day    147 adult female 01day    88 adult female 05day    30 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0001323    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0001323 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult hindgut. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0001323 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop  (551.8) Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0001323 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop  551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    40   NA  Eye    5.55   NA  Brain    4.1   2.95  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7   NA  Crop    551.8   4.9  Midgut    7.5   54  Hindgut    184.4   1.7  Malpighian Tubules    4.4   3.9  Fat Body    11.7   2.5  Salivary Gland    7.7   NA  Heart    5.525   73.6  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3   NA  Ovary    1.5   NA  Testis    0.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    4.4   22.55  Carcass    33.7 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001323 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4761-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for knrl Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 knrlGD16901 Other Phenotypes Allele mitotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4fkh.14-3 knrlScer\UAS.cFa visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 knrlScer\UAS.cLa Phenotype manifest in Allele adult thorax & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 knrlScer\UAS.cLa dorsal closure embryo, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 knrlScer\UAS.cLa embryonic dorsal epidermis, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 knrlScer\UAS.cLa metathoracic femur, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 knrlScer\UAS.cLa
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of knrl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion knrlMB05076 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of knrl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion knrlGD16901 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes knrlhs.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes knrlkni.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes knrlScer\UAS.cFa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes knrlScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)kni-FC82 (Lunde et al., 1998) Df(3L)riXT106 (Oro et al., 1989) Df(3L)ri-XT1 (Chen et al., 1998, Boube et al., 2001, Oro et al., 1989, Rothe et al., 1992, Gonzalez-Gaitan et al., 1994, Ruden and Jaeckle, 1995)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data heat-shock construct P{hsp70-knrl} NA UAS construct P{GD16901} NA P{UAS-knrl.F} NA P{UAS-knrl.L} NA reporter construct P{knrl-lacZ.+8} No characterization construct P{kni5'knrlcDNA} NA P{kniknrlfing} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}knrlMB05076 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 11 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
regulation of mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Fuss et al., 2001)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1, Maglich et al., 2001) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674 (FlyBase, 1992-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628, InterPro:IPR013088 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Uv et al., 2003) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter, 2000) open tracheal system development traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628, InterPro:IPR013088 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) regulation of tube size, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter and Shilo, 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions knrl allele Gene References knrlScer\UAS.cFa kni (Fuss et al., 2001) knrlScer\UAS.cLa kay (Gritzan et al., 2002) kni (Lunde et al., 2003) puc (Gritzan et al., 2002) unspecified btl (Myat et al., 2005) Res (Ruden and Jaeckle, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65542 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001323 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001323 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40285
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF24122 Dere\GG13294 Dgri\GH16982 Dmoj\GI11900 Dper\GL12764 Dpse\GA18413 Dsec\GM22199 Dsim\GD12173 Dvir\GJ13774 Dwil\GK10566
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA18413
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL011231-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) XP_395932.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) CN16575 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CPIJ013614 Culex pipens (mosquito) 290668 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ISCW008631-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604969.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM005639-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_968510.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV16468 LH22293 LH22284 ISCW008631 FBgn0240471 FBgn0237126 FBgn0219343 FBgn0198506 FBgn0186673 FBgn0183909 FBgn0177069 JGI_V11_290673 FBgn0080307 FBgn0162450 FBgn0000560 FBgn0123844 FBgn0108460 FBgn0102162 CPIJ004741 CPIJ013614 ACYPI49096 GB18215 GB15945 GB13710 AGAP010438 AAEL013518 AAEL011231 PB19634 PB19646 PHUM468660 PHUM469580 PHUM470190 GLEAN_03409 GLEAN_03413
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Bloomington	24320 w1118; Mi{ET1}knrlMB05076
VDRC	v47216 w1118; P{GD16901}v47216/CyO v47217 w1118; P{GD16901}v47217/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR21J02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 23 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD23140
Other clones	DPiM_LD23140
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	55196 153836 190327 214225.45 214309.53 CK01.124D.C6 EK094843 EK182733 EK248702 EK292639 EP12851 RP004081412 RP004131521 RP004134694 RP004177357 RP004216555 RP004232506 RP004266834 RP004295234 RP004453081 RP004552184
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001323 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40285
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	No loss-of-function alleles have been isolated. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Other Comments
	Both Dpp and FGF pathways control knrl expression. (Myat et al., 2005) kni and knrl appear to be important in spatially restricting endoreduplication domains. (Fuss et al., 2001) knrl and kni possess multiple and redundant functions during tracheal development. knrl/ kni activity is necessary to mediate dpp signalling (which is required for tracheal cell migration and formation of dorsal and ventral branches). knrl/ kni activity in dorsal tracheal cells is essential for secondary and terminal branch formation, via repression of salm. (Chen et al., 1998) Rescue of the kni- embryonic abdominal segmentation phenotype by Res requires another gene, it is likely this is knrl. (Ruden and Jaeckle, 1995) The biochemically equivalent gene products of kni and knrl are both functional in the head anlage and lack of one gene can be overcome by the activity of the other. kni is also required for abdominal segmentation and knrl is nonfunctional in its posterior expression domain. Therefore the kni/knrl pair of genes provides a region-specific buffering system, rather than global functional redundancy. (Gonzalez-Gaitan et al., 1994) Regulation of kni and knrl in their common anterior expression domain requires the same trans-acting factors. Both genes fail to be activated by bcd or dl. (Rothe et al., 1994) knrl differs from kni with respect to transcrition unit size, kni contains 1kb and knrl contains 19kb intron sequences. The consequence of the intron difference is that knrl cannot substitute for kni segmentation function. The length of the mitotic cycle provides a physiological barrier to transcript size and could be a significant factor in controlling developmental gene activity during short phenocritical periods. (Rothe et al., 1992) knrl is closely related to kni. knrl is one of the most diverged steroid receptor-like molecules. (Oro et al., 1989) Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a Drosophila kni zinc-finger probe. (Rothe et al., 1989) Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a human retinoic acid receptor cDNA probe. (Oro et al., 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_176374 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_788552 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA940859 AAF51627 AAL68221 AW942666 AY075383 CAA32365 X14153 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40285 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P13054
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type (IPR001628) Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type (IPR013088)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65542 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001323 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001323 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001323 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001323 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4761-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001323 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40285 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL011231-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) XP_395932.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) CN16575 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CPIJ013614 Culex pipens (mosquito) 290668 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ISCW008631-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604969.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM005639-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_968510.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40285 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001323 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV16468 LH22293 LH22284 ISCW008631 FBgn0240471 FBgn0237126 FBgn0219343 FBgn0198506 FBgn0186673 FBgn0183909 FBgn0177069 JGI_V11_290673 FBgn0080307 FBgn0162450 FBgn0000560 FBgn0123844 FBgn0108460 FBgn0102162 CPIJ004741 CPIJ013614 ACYPI49096 GB18215 GB15945 GB13710 AGAP010438 AAEL013518 AAEL011231 PB19634 PB19646 PHUM468660 PHUM469580 PHUM470190 GLEAN_03409 GLEAN_03413 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0001323
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG4761 (Mohammad et al., 2009) Knrl (Petit et al., 2002) knrl (Chen et al., 1998, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Maines et al., 2007, Segal et al., 2008, Junion et al., 2007, Weiss et al., 2010, Hazelett et al., 2009) NR0A2 (Nuclear Receptors Nomenclature Committee, 1999)
Name Synonym	knirps-like (Kankel et al., 2007) knirps-related (Wagner, 2005, Lengyel and Iwaki, 2002, Segraves, 1994, Chen et al., 1998, Jiang and Crews, 2006) Knirps-related (Fuss et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 2000) knirps related (Affolter, 2000)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 72 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 72 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 35 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 19 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	McHale et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 230--240 Gene length may contribute to graded transcriptional responses in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0216627] Weiss et al., 2010, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 17(1): 69--76 A conserved activation element in BMP signaling during Drosophila development. [FBrf0209559] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...