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Gene: Dmel\knrl

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\knrl
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
knirps-like
Annotation Symbol
CG4761
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0001323
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Knirps-like an orphan nuclear hormone receptor with a C4 zinc finger motif, without ligand-binding domain. It is a target gene of the Hedgehog, Wingless and Notch signaling pathways. It controls endoreduplication domains and epithelial morphogenesis in the fore- and hindgut. [Date last reviewed: 2016-08-25]
Other Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
77D4-77E1
Sequence location
3L:20,597,141..20,620,659 [-]
Recombination map
3-47
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI Genome Data Viewer
UCSC Genome Browser
Ensembl Genome Browser
PopFly Genome Browser
GO Summary Ribbons
Families, Domains and Molecular Function
Gene Group Membership (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt, Sequence Similarities)
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR0 subfamily. (P13054)
Protein Domains/Motifs
InterPro
Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type; Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type
Molecular Function (see GO section for details)
Experimental Evidence
-
Predictions / Assertions
DNA-binding transcription factor activity; repressing transcription factor binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; zinc ion binding
Summaries
Gene Group Membership
NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 0 (LIGAND-INDEPENDENT) TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
The nuclear receptor subfamily 0 (NR0) are C4 zinc finger sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. The NR0 subfamily are atypical, highly divergent members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that have only retained the DNA-binding domain. The absence of a ligand-binding domain suggests that NR0 transcription factors function in a ligand-independent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0086042 and FBrf0184203).
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
knrl: knirps-related
Expressed maternally at low levels in very early stages; expression increases during early embryogenesis and continues in larvae and adults (in contrast to kni, which is first expressed zygotically and does not continue beyond embryonic stages) (Oro et al., 1988; Rothe et al., 1989).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\knrl or the JBrowse view of Dmel\knrl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Gene model reviewed during 6.02
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
knrl-RA
FBtr0078212
NM_176374
3909
647
knrl-RB
FBtr0346815
NM_001316439
2925
647
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
3.8 (northern blot)
(Oro et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
knrl-PA
FBpp0077870
68.3
647
5.72
NP_788552
AAF51627
knrl-PB
FBpp0312390
68.3
647
5.72
NP_001303368
ALI30490
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

647 aa isoforms: knrl-PA, knrl-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
647 (aa)
(Oro et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\knrl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (8 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
repressing transcription factor binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000637642
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628, InterPro:IPR013088
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from direct assay
(Chen et al., 1998)
regulation of mitotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuss et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
traceable author statement
(Affolter, 2000)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anterior endoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5
organism | 20-30% egg length

Comment: 25% egg length

(Oro et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 10
esophagus primordium
(Fuss et al., 2001)
hindgut proper primordium

Comment: rectum and small intestine primordia

(Fuss et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 10 -- 15
tracheal pit
(Fuss et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
embryonic primordium of adult hindgut precursor

Comment: reported as adult hindgut specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
fat body/gonad primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline ventral glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
rectum primordium

Comment: reported as rectum specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
embryonic large intestine | restricted

Comment: two lateral cells rows on either side of embryonic large intestine

(Fuss et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic precursor of adult hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Bolwig organ
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut sensory structure
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head sensory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic Malpighian tubule tip cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic rectum
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval circulatory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral branch
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
labral sensory complex
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic small intestine
(Uddin et al., 2011)
embryonic/larval rectum
(Uddin et al., 2011)
third instar larval stage
wing vein L2 | precursor
(Lunde et al., 1998)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Oro et al., 1988)
embryonic cycle 1 -- embryonic cycle 7
organism | ubiquitous
(Oro et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 5
organism | 70% egg length
(Oro et al., 1988)
larval stage
(Oro et al., 1988)
adult stage
(Oro et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
knrl is expressed in the third instar wing disc in a narrow stripe corresponding to the position of the L2 primordium.
(Lunde et al., 1998)
The knrl transcript is expressed at low levels from 0-3 hours of embryogenesis. Expression levels increase in late embryogenesis and in larvae and adults. In situ hybridization experiments show that, from egg deposition until embryonic cycle 8, the knrl transcript is ubiquitous in the embryo. At embryonic cycle 12, expression is detected at 80-100% egg length in a ventral and anterior region. This expression intensifies at the cellular blastoderm stage, and additional intense expression appears at about 70% and 25% egg length. The e pression at 70% egg length is more intense ventrally than dorsally.
(Oro et al., 1988)
Marker for
 
embryonic small intestine
(Uddin et al., 2011)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\knrl in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Allele of knrl
Class
Mutagen
Associated Insertion
Stocks
Known lesion
knrlMB05076
    1
    Yes
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
    Deletions and Duplications ( 3 )
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
    Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    Isobase
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    RoundUp
    TreeFam
    ZFIN
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Hsap\NR1H2
    1 of 15
    Yes
    No
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
    Cele\nhr-85
    2 of 15
    Yes
    No
    Cele\nhr-36
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\nhr-206
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\nhr-207
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Cele\nhr-208
    1 of 15
    No
    No
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    No orthologs reported.
    Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091908DW )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    AAA Syntenic Ortholog
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Drosophila melanogaster
    fruit fly
    Dmel\knrl
    Drosophila suzukii
    Spotted wing Drosophila
    Dsuz\DS10_00004324
    Drosophila simulans
    Dsim\GD12173
    Drosophila sechellia
    Dsec\GM22199
    Drosophila erecta
    Dere\GG13294
    Drosophila yakuba
    Dyak\GE27591
    Drosophila yakuba
    Dyak\GE22392
    Drosophila ananassae
    Dana\GF24122
    Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
    Dpse\GA18413
    Drosophila persimilis
    Dper\GL12764
    Drosophila willistoni
    Dwil\GK10566
    Drosophila virilis
    Dvir\GJ13774
    Drosophila mojavensis
    Dmoj\GI11900
    Drosophila grimshawi
    Dgri\GH16982
    Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091509IE )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Musca domestica
    House fly
    Mdoa\17021371
    Musca domestica
    House fly
    Mdoa\17015140
    Musca domestica
    House fly
    Mdoa\17014104
    Glossina morsitans
    Tsetse fly
    Gmor\GMOY006627
    Glossina morsitans
    Tsetse fly
    Gmor\GMOY006631
    Lucilia cuprina
    Australian sheep blowfly
    Lcup\FF38_11175
    Lucilia cuprina
    Australian sheep blowfly
    Lcup\FF38_11171
    Lucilia cuprina
    Australian sheep blowfly
    Lcup\FF38_11168
    Mayetiola destructor
    Hessian fly
    Mdes\Mdes006584
    Aedes aegypti
    Yellow fever mosquito
    Aaeg\AAEL013518
    Aedes aegypti
    Yellow fever mosquito
    Aaeg\AAEL011231
    Anopheles darlingi
    American malaria mosquito
    Adar\ADAC004407
    Anopheles gambiae
    Malaria mosquito
    Agam\AGAP010438
    Anopheles gambiae
    Malaria mosquito
    Agam\AGAP028221
    Culex quinquefasciatus
    Southern house mosquito
    Cqui\CPIJ004741
    Culex quinquefasciatus
    Southern house mosquito
    Cqui\CPIJ013614
    Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0AD0 )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Apis florea
    Little honeybee
    Aflo\3508582804
    Apis mellifera
    Western honey bee
    Amel\GB48727
    Bombus impatiens
    Common eastern bumble bee
    Bimp\BIMP19277
    Bombus terrestris
    Buff-tailed bumblebee
    Bter\15213948
    Linepithema humile
    Argentine ant
    Lhum\LH22284
    Megachile rotundata
    Alfalfa leafcutting bee
    Mrot\MROTU:0002d1
    Tribolium castaneum
    Red flour beetle
    Tcas\TC003413
    Pediculus humanus
    Human body louse
    Phum\PHUM470190
    Cimex lectularius
    Bed bug
    Clec\CLEC025065
    Acyrthosiphon pisum
    Pea aphid
    Apim\ACYPI48166
    Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0AGS )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Strigamia maritima
    European centipede
    Smar\SMAR012614
    Stegodyphus mimosarum
    African social velvet spider
    Smim\KFM78724.1
    Tetranychus urticae
    Two-spotted spider mite
    Turt\tetur34g00430
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_290668
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_290673
    Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0960 )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
    Purple sea urchin
    Spur\Sp-Nr1x
    Human Disease Model Data
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology)
      Download
      Models ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Interactions ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Comments ( 0 )
       
      Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Interactions Browser
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the Interaction Group reports for full details of the physical interactions
      protein-protein
      Interacting group
      Assay
      References
      knrl - BthD
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      knrl - CG14036
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      knrl - CG5953
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
      (Rhee et al., 2014)
      knrl - CHOp24
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
      (Rhee et al., 2014)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      knrl
      enhanceable
      kay
      (Gritzan et al., 2002)
      knrl
      enhanceable
      kni
      (Fuss et al., 2001)
      knrl
      suppressible
      puc
      (Gritzan et al., 2002)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      btl
      suppressible
      knrl
      (Myat et al., 2005)
      kni
      suppressible
      knrl
      (Lunde et al., 2003)
      kni
      enhanceable
      knrl
      (Fuss et al., 2001)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      Pathways
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3L
      Recombination map
      3-47
      Cytogenetic map
      77D4-77E1
      Sequence location
      3L:20,597,141..20,620,659 [-]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      77D4-77E1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}trblEP3519 and P{EP}fngEP3082&P{lacW}skdL7062
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      77E1-77E2
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Oro et al., 1988)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location
      3-47
      (FlyBase, 2016)
      3-43.7
      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (6)
      Genomic Clones (27)
      cDNA Clones (7)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequences
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        No loss-of-function alleles have been isolated.
        (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
        Other Comments
        Both Dpp and FGF pathways control knrl expression.
        (Myat et al., 2005)
        kni and knrl appear to be important in spatially restricting endoreduplication domains.
        (Fuss et al., 2001)
        knrl and kni possess multiple and redundant functions during tracheal development. knrl/ kni activity is necessary to mediate dpp signalling (which is required for tracheal cell migration and formation of dorsal and ventral branches). knrl/ kni activity in dorsal tracheal cells is essential for secondary and terminal branch formation, via repression of salm.
        (Chen et al., 1998)
        Rescue of the kni- embryonic abdominal segmentation phenotype by Res requires another gene, it is likely this is knrl.
        (Ruden and Jäckle, 1995)
        The biochemically equivalent gene products of kni and knrl are both functional in the head anlage and lack of one gene can be overcome by the activity of the other. kni is also required for abdominal segmentation and knrl is nonfunctional in its posterior expression domain. Therefore the kni/knrl pair of genes provides a region-specific buffering system, rather than global functional redundancy.
        (Gonzalez-Gaitan et al., 1994)
        Regulation of kni and knrl in their common anterior expression domain requires the same trans-acting factors. Both genes fail to be activated by bcd or dl.
        (Rothe et al., 1994)
        knrl differs from kni with respect to transcrition unit size, kni contains 1kb and knrl contains 19kb intron sequences. The consequence of the intron difference is that knrl cannot substitute for kni segmentation function. The length of the mitotic cycle provides a physiological barrier to transcript size and could be a significant factor in controlling developmental gene activity during short phenocritical periods.
        (Rothe et al., 1992)
        knrl is closely related to kni. knrl is one of the most diverged steroid receptor-like molecules.
        (Oro et al., 1989)
        Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a Drosophila kni zinc-finger probe.
        (Rothe et al., 1989)
        Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a human retinoic acid receptor cDNA probe.
        (Oro et al., 1988)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 42 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones
        DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (106)