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Gene Dmel\knrl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\knrl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	knirps-like	Annotation symbol	CG4761
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0001323
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	77D4-77E1	Sequence location	3L:20,590,241..20,613,759 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene knirps-like is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\knrl (CG4761, FBgn0001323). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: regulation of mitosis. 7 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: dorsal closure embryo; metathoracic femur; embryonic dorsal epidermis. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding; Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type; Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult hindgut. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1626059_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of knrl. Gene sequence location is 3L:20590241..20613759.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	knrl: knirps-related Expressed maternally at low levels in very early stages; expression increases during early embryogenesis and continues in larvae and adults (in contrast to kni, which is first expressed zygotically and does not continue beyond embryonic stages) (Oro et al., 1988; Rothe et al., 1989).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms steroid hormone receptor activity
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 77D4-77E1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}trblEP3519 and P{EP}fngEP3082&P{lacW}skdL7062
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 77E1-77E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Oro et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\knrl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) knrl-RA FBtr0078212  NM_176374   3909   647
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.8 (northern blot) (Oro et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein knrl-PA   FBpp0077870   68.3   647   5.72     NP_788552   AAF51627
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	647 (aa) (Oro et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type (IPR001628) Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type (IPR013088) Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding (IPR008946)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA940859   AE014296 AAF51627   AW942666   AY075383 AAL68221   CO269528   CO301936   CO305454   CO329345   CO341644   EC066234   EC074008   EC208632   EC220051   EC239318   EC255983   EC257554   GH942641   GH950090   GH953091   GH953351   GH956325   GH959819   GH968540   GH977325   GH981327   GH982884   X14153 CAA32365
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P13054
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References regulatory region FBsf0000435365 3L:20,604,991..20,606,288 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Schroeder et al., 2004, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi central brain anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi foregut anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi antennal anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi visual anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 5   organism | 20-30% egg length   (Oro et al., 1988) Comment:25% egg length embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium anterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 10   esophagus primordium   (Fuss et al., 2001) hindgut proper primordium   (Fuss et al., 2001) Comment:rectum and small intestine primordia embryonic stage 10 -- 15   tracheal pit   (Fuss et al., 2001) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   adult hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as adult hindgut specific anlage dorsal epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) fat body/gonad primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) midline ventral glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) rectum primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as rectum specific anlage tracheal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 15   embryonic large intestine | restricted   (Fuss et al., 2001) Comment:two lateral cells rows on either side of embryonic large intestine embryonic stage 13 -- 16   adult hindgut precursor   (Fisher et al., 2012) atrium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Bolwig organ   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic epipharynx   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic foregut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic foregut sensory structure   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic head epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic head sensory system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic hindgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic Malpighian tubule tip cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic rectum   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval circulatory system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral branch   (Fisher et al., 2012) gonad   (Fisher et al., 2012) labral sensory complex   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 14   embryonic small intestine   (Uddin et al., 2011) embryonic/larval rectum   (Uddin et al., 2011) third instar larval stage   wing vein L2 | precursor   (Lunde et al., 1998) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Oro et al., 1988) embryonic cycle 1 -- embryonic cycle 7   organism | ubiquitous   (Oro et al., 1988) embryonic stage 5   organism | 70% egg length   (Oro et al., 1988) larval stage     (Oro et al., 1988) adult stage     (Oro et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
	knrl is expressed in the third instar wing disc in a narrow stripe corresponding to the position of the L2 primordium. (Lunde et al., 1998) The knrl transcript is expressed at low levels from 0-3 hours of embryogenesis. Expression levels increase in late embryogenesis and in larvae and adults. In situ hybridization experiments show that, from egg deposition until embryonic cycle 8, the knrl transcript is ubiquitous in the embryo. At embryonic cycle 12, expression is detected at 80-100% egg length in a ventral and anterior region. This expression intensifies at the cellular blastoderm stage, and additional intense expression appears at about 70% and 25% egg length. The e pression at 70% egg length is more intense ventrally than dorsally. (Oro et al., 1988)
Marker for
	embryonic small intestine
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult hindgut. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop  (551.8) Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop  551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.95 Larval Midgut    4.9 Larval Hindgut    54 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    2.5 Larval Trachea    73.6 Larval Carcass    22.55 Adult Head    40 Adult Eye    5.55 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7 Adult Crop    551.8 Adult Midgut    7.5 Adult Hindgut    184.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.4 Adult Fat Body    11.7 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    5.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    1.5 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.4 Adult Carcass    33.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    40   NA  Eye    5.55   NA  Brain    4.1   2.95  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    4.7   NA  Crop    551.8   4.9  Midgut    7.5   54  Hindgut    184.4   1.7  Malpighian Tubules    4.4   3.9  Fat Body    11.7   2.5  Salivary Gland    7.7   NA  Heart    5.525   73.6  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3   NA  Ovary    1.5   NA  Testis    0.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    4.4   22.55  Carcass    33.7 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    2 central nervous system, pupae P8    2 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    5 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    13 embryo 14-16hr    5 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    4 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    2 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD23140 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001323 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4761-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for knrl Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 knrlGD16901 Other Phenotypes Allele mitotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4fkh.14-3 knrlScer\UAS.cFa visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 knrlScer\UAS.cLa Phenotype manifest in Allele adult thorax & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 knrlScer\UAS.cLa dorsal closure embryo, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 knrlScer\UAS.cLa embryonic dorsal epidermis, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 knrlScer\UAS.cLa metathoracic femur, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 knrlScer\UAS.cLa
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of knrl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion knrlMB05076 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of knrl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion knrlGD16901 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes knrlHMS01552 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes knrlhs.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes knrlkni.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes knrlScer\UAS.cFa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes knrlScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)kni-FC82 (Lunde et al., 1998) Df(3L)riXT106 (Oro et al., 1989) Df(3L)ri-XT1 (Chen et al., 1998, Boube et al., 2001, Oro et al., 1989, Rothe et al., 1992, Gonzalez-Gaitan et al., 1994, Ruden and Jaeckle, 1995)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data heat-shock construct P{hsp70-knrl} NA UAS construct P{GD16901} NA P{TRiP.HMS01552} NA P{UAS-knrl.F} NA P{UAS-knrl.L} NA reporter construct P{knrl-lacZ.+8} No characterization construct P{kni5'knrlcDNA} NA P{kniknrlfing} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}knrlMB05076 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
regulation of mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Fuss et al., 2001)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1, Maglich et al., 2001) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674 (FlyBase, 1992-) steroid hormone receptor activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008946 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628, InterPro:IPR013088 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Uv et al., 2003) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter, 2000) open tracheal system development traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001628, InterPro:IPR013088 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) regulation of tube size, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter and Shilo, 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q60674 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
knrl - Arc1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) knrl - BthD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) knrl - CG1129 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) knrl - CG14036 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) knrl - CG1532 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) knrl - CG18789 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) knrl - CG7049 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) knrl - FK506-bp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) knrl - RpS21 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions knrl allele Gene References knrlScer\UAS.cFa kni (Fuss et al., 2001) knrlScer\UAS.cLa kay (Gritzan et al., 2002) kni (Lunde et al., 2003) puc (Gritzan et al., 2002) unspecified btl (Myat et al., 2005) Res (Ruden and Jaeckle, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65542 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001323 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001323 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40285
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (29) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG60ZRHX Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6CG0J8 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6NGFHH Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6DZ0BD Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6G4VK0
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG60ZRHX)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\knrl     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD12173 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM22199 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6CG0J8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL011231   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP010438   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ013614
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6NGFHH)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB52331 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH13998 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH14016 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13260 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP12797 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17848 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17851 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17486 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17487 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22293 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22284 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB19646 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB27179 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV19432 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV19531 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI56791 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI066036 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM468660 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC003413 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC003409 Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6DZ0BD)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Atp13a1 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW008631 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6G4VK0)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\nhr-55 Y
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD12173 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM22199 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13294 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF24122 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA18413 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL12764 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK10566 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ13774 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11900 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16982
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	24320 w1118; Mi{ET1}knrlMB05076 36664 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01552}attP2
VDRC	v47216 w1118; P{GD16901}v47216/CyO v47217 w1118; P{GD16901}v47217/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR21J02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 24 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD23140
Other clones	DPiM_LD23140
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	55196 153836 190327 214225.45 214309.53 CK01.124D.C6 CK01.126A.C2 EK094843 EK182733 EK248702 EK292639 EP12851 RP004081412 RP004131521 RP004134694 RP004177357 RP004216555 RP004232506 RP004266834 RP004295234 RP004453081 RP004552184
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001323 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40285
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	No loss-of-function alleles have been isolated. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Other Comments
	Both Dpp and FGF pathways control knrl expression. (Myat et al., 2005) kni and knrl appear to be important in spatially restricting endoreduplication domains. (Fuss et al., 2001) knrl and kni possess multiple and redundant functions during tracheal development. knrl/ kni activity is necessary to mediate dpp signalling (which is required for tracheal cell migration and formation of dorsal and ventral branches). knrl/ kni activity in dorsal tracheal cells is essential for secondary and terminal branch formation, via repression of salm. (Chen et al., 1998) Rescue of the kni- embryonic abdominal segmentation phenotype by Res requires another gene, it is likely this is knrl. (Ruden and Jaeckle, 1995) The biochemically equivalent gene products of kni and knrl are both functional in the head anlage and lack of one gene can be overcome by the activity of the other. kni is also required for abdominal segmentation and knrl is nonfunctional in its posterior expression domain. Therefore the kni/knrl pair of genes provides a region-specific buffering system, rather than global functional redundancy. (Gonzalez-Gaitan et al., 1994) Regulation of kni and knrl in their common anterior expression domain requires the same trans-acting factors. Both genes fail to be activated by bcd or dl. (Rothe et al., 1994) knrl differs from kni with respect to transcrition unit size, kni contains 1kb and knrl contains 19kb intron sequences. The consequence of the intron difference is that knrl cannot substitute for kni segmentation function. The length of the mitotic cycle provides a physiological barrier to transcript size and could be a significant factor in controlling developmental gene activity during short phenocritical periods. (Rothe et al., 1992) knrl is closely related to kni. knrl is one of the most diverged steroid receptor-like molecules. (Oro et al., 1989) Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a Drosophila kni zinc-finger probe. (Rothe et al., 1989) Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a human retinoic acid receptor cDNA probe. (Oro et al., 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_176374 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_788552 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA940859 AAF51627 AAL68221 AW942666 AY075383 CAA32365 X14153 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40285 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P13054
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type (IPR001628) Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type (IPR013088) Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding (IPR008946) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD23140
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65542 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0001323 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0001323 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0001323 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0001323 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4761-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0001323 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40285 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40285 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0001323 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0001323
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG4761 (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Mohammad et al., 2009) Knrl (Petit et al., 2002) knrl (Chen et al., 1998, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Maines et al., 2007, Segal et al., 2008, Frise et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2011, Junion et al., 2007, Weiss et al., 2010, Hazelett et al., 2009, Uddin et al., 2011) NR0A2 (Nuclear Receptors Nomenclature Committee, 1999)
Name Synonym	knirps-like (Kankel et al., 2007) knirps-related (Wagner, 2005, Lengyel and Iwaki, 2002, Segraves, 1994, Chen et al., 1998, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Uddin et al., 2011) Knirps-related (Fuss et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 2000) knirps related (Affolter, 2000, Chung et al., 2011)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 83 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 83 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 40 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 19 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Staller et al., 2013, Genetics 193(1): 51--61 Depleting Gene Activities in Early Drosophila Embryos with the "Maternal-Gal4-shRNA" System. [FBrf0220341] Weber et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(4): e34745 Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218073] Chung et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 160--172 Trachealess (Trh) regulates all tracheal genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. [FBrf0216563] McHale et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 230--240 Gene length may contribute to graded transcriptional responses in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0216627] Uddin et al., 2011, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 55(10-11-12): 945--952 The drumstick gene acts cell-non-autonomously and triggers specification of the small intestine in the Drosophila hindgut. [FBrf0217187] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...