FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Grip91

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Grip91

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Gamma-tubulin ring protein 91

Annotation Symbol

CG10988

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0001612

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

15 publicly available

Gene Snapshot

Gamma-tubulin ring protein 91 (Grip91) encodes a gamma-tubulin binding protein involved in male meiotic division and the organization of the meiotic spindle. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-12]

Other Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Dgrip91, dd4, l(1)dd4, l(1)d.deg.-4, lethal (1) discs degenerate 4

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

12B4-12B4

Sequence location

X:13,736,570..13,744,683 [-]

Recombination map

1-45

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:13736570..13744683

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables gamma-tubulin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Gunawardane et al., 2003)

contributes_to microtubule minus-end binding

inferred from direct assay

(Gunawardane et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables gamma-tubulin binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

contributes_to microtubule minus-end binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in male meiotic nuclear division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Barbosa et al., 2003)

involved_in meiotic spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Barbosa et al., 2003)

involved_in microtubule nucleation

inferred from direct assay

(Gunawardane et al., 2000)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cytoplasmic microtubule organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in meiotic cell cycle

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in mitotic cell cycle

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in spindle assembly

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

colocalizes_with centrosome

inferred from direct assay

(Oegema et al., 1999)

part_of gamma-tubulin small complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Grip84; FB:FBgn0026430

(Gunawardane et al., 2000)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:γTub23C; FB:FBgn0260639

(Gunawardane et al., 2000)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oegema et al., 1999)

colocalizes_with mitotic spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in equatorial microtubule organizing center

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

part_of gamma-tubulin complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447085

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

part_of gamma-tubulin small complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000447133

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in spindle pole

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007259

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (Q9XYP8)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

l(1)dd4

Discs missing or degenerate; mitotic index of larval ganglion cells three times that of controls; 20% of metaphases polyploid; very few anaphase figures seen. No maternal effect of homozygosis in ovarian clones on phenotype of offspring (Perrimon, Engstrom, and Mahowald, 1984, Dev. Biol. 105: 404-14). l(1)dd4S recovered as a mutation on the paternal X in a cross of homozygous mei-9 females by normal males [isolated as l(1)08/20]. Ordinarily dies just prior to eclosion, but in dry cultures, both males and females eclose and have good viability, but are almost completely sterile. Wings are held up, some bristles on head and thorax (especially scutellars) are absent; abdomen mutant effects similar to those of bb. Females heterozygous for l(1)dd4S and a deficiency are almost completely lethal.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Grip91 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Grip91-RA

FBtr0073841

NM_080180

3571

917

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

3.491 (longest cDNA)

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Grip91-PA

FBpp0073672

103.7

917

7.40

NP_524919

AAF48309

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

917 (aa); 100 (kD observed)

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Gamma-tubulin small complex (Gamma TuSC) is a heterotetrameric complex which contains two molecules of gamma-tubulin, and one molecule each of Dgrip84 and Dgrip91. The gamma-tubulin in this complex binds preferentially to GDP over GTP.

(UniProt, Q9XYP8)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9XYP8

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Grip91 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Grip91_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

(Oegema et al., 1999)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

colocalizes_with centrosome

inferred from direct assay

(Oegema et al., 1999)

part_of gamma-tubulin small complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Grip84; FB:FBgn0026430

(Gunawardane et al., 2000)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:γTub23C; FB:FBgn0260639

(Gunawardane et al., 2000)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oegema et al., 1999)

colocalizes_with mitotic spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Grip91 in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Grip91

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Grip91

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0001612

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG10988-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10988

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001612

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Grip91

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Grip91

Deletions and Duplications ( 3 )

Disrupted in

Df(1)Exel6247

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(1)LCD

(Barbosa et al., 2000)

Duplicated in

Dp(1;3)DC274

(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

Grip91^GD1474

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

Grip91¹

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage

Grip91^G0122

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | partially

Grip91^S

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

Grip91²

partially lethal - majority live | recessive

Grip91^S

viable

Grip91^d09268

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Grip91^GD1474

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Grip91^GD1474

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Grip91^GD1474

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Grip91^GD1474

viable (with Grip91²)

Grip91^su(Pl)

viable (with Grip91^G0122)

Grip91^su(Pl)

viable (with Grip91^su(Pl))

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

Grip91^S

fertile

Grip91^d09268

male sterile

sterile

Grip91^S

Other Phenotypes

Allele

cytokinesis defective | male limited

decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage

Grip91¹

meiotic cell cycle defective | male limited

mitotic cell cycle defective

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage

Grip91^GD1474

pain response defective | adult stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Grip91^GD1474

size defective | larval stage

Grip91¹

some die during larval stage | recessive

Grip91¹

some die during pupal stage

Grip91^G0122

some die during pupal stage | partially

Grip91^S

some die during pupal stage | recessive

Grip91²

visible

Grip91^S

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Grip91^GD1474

wild-type

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal segment

Grip91^S

adult abdomen

Grip91^S

adult thorax & macrochaeta

Grip91^S

cell cycle

Grip91¹

centriole

Grip91¹

centrosome

chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Grip91^GD1474

embryonic/larval brain

Grip91¹

ganglion mother cell | larval stage

Grip91^GD1474

head bristle

Grip91^S

imaginal disc

imaginal disc | larval stage

Grip91¹

macrochaeta

Grip91^S

pericentriolar material

scutellar bristle

Grip91^S

spermatocyte & spindle

wing

Grip91^S

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (3)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\TUBGCP3

15 of 15

Yes

Hsap\TUBGCP2

1 of 15

Hsap\TUBGCP6

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Tubgcp3

15 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Tubgcp6

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Tubgcp3

8 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Tubgcp2

1 of 13

Rnor\Tubgcp6

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\tubgcp3

13 of 12

Yes

Xtro\LOC101734209

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\tubgcp2

1 of 12

Xtro\tubgcp6

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)

Drer\tubgcp3

14 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:ch1073-365p7.2

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\tubgcp2

1 of 15

Drer\tubgcp6

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

No records found.

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

Atha\SPC98

9 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\SPC98

11 of 15

Yes

Scer\SPC97

1 of 15

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\alp6

9 of 12

Yes

Spom\alp16

1 of 12

Yes

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091901X3 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Dsuz\DS10_00012463

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA10689

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL19849

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK25704

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ18777

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI14438

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH12885

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915017A )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17020733

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY005981

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_13898

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes006878

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL008465

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC009697

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP003865

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ012750

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W013D )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA007584

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS204311-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS204312-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL015145

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\3168828868

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB55940

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP11823

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15208417

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH18463

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:0018b2

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG023762

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_05686

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC014466

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM075240

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC007673

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC002943

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC011959

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI43440

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI005257

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_02331

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X011N )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR015436

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW013617

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW015861

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM81812.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM76983.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM62939.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur31g01920

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur31g00300

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_327924

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_302875

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G01V2 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Tubgcp3

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-76p

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Tubgcp2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Tubgcp3_2

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000011597

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000007636

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000006983

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\TUBGCP4

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\TUBGCP3

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\TUBGCP2

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (7)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

3 of 10

3 of 10

3 of 10

3 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

TUBGCP3; tubulin gamma complex associated protein 3

15 of 15

617818

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Grip91 - ALiX

pull down, autoradiography, western blot

(Malerød et al., 2018)

Grip91 - Grip128

cosedimentation through density gradient, western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Wiese, 2008, Oegema et al., 1999)

Grip91 - Grip163

cosedimentation through density gradient, western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Wiese, 2008, Oegema et al., 1999)

Grip91 - Grip71

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Goshima et al., 2008)

Grip91 - Grip75

cosedimentation through density gradient, molecular weight estimation by staining, western blot

(Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Oegema et al., 1999)

Grip91 - Grip84

cosedimentation through density gradient, western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Wiese, 2008, Oegema et al., 1999)

Grip91 - Mzt1

two hybrid

(Tovey et al., 2018)

Grip91 - Rab2

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gillingham et al., 2014)

Grip91 - Rab4

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gillingham et al., 2014)

Grip91 - Sas-4

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation through density gradient, western blot

(Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012)

Grip91 - γTub23C

cosedimentation through density gradient, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Wiese, 2008, Oegema et al., 1999)

Grip91 - γTub37C

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation through density gradient, molecular weight estimation by staining, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Tariq et al., 2020, Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Wiese, 2008, Oegema et al., 1999)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

γTub23C

suppressible

Grip91

(Vázquez et al., 2008)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9XYP8 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

71426

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001612

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

48481

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Grip91

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Grip91

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-45

Cytogenetic map

12B4-12B4

Sequence location

X:13,736,570..13,744,683 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

12B4-12B4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}g^EP514 and P{EP}EP1354&P{EP}EP790

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

12A-12B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-45

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-43.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-52

(Gatti and Baker, 1989)

1-44.4

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (15)

Bloomington

53764

w^*; P{UASp-Grip91.EGFP.N}3

19311

w¹¹¹⁸ P{XP}Grip91^d09268

31201

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01719}attP2

8399

Grip91^su(Pl); γTub23C^bmps1/CyO

26276

w^* Grip91^xr16/FM7a/Dp(1;Y)y⁺g⁺

Kyoto

123345

w¹¹¹⁸ P{RS3}Grip91^CB-0840-3

125640

w¹¹¹⁸ P{RS5}Grip91^5-HA-2733

103858

y^* w^* P{GawB}Grip91^NP1023 / FM7c

112673

y^* w^* P{GawB}Grip91^NP1519 / FM7c

111913

y¹ w^* P{lacW}Grip91^G0122 P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c; P{ey-FLP.N}5

VDRC

v104667

P{KK101573}VIE-260B

v2983

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1474}v2983

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (22)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (13)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GM14553

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0001612

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001612

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

48481

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Grip91 l(1)dd4

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Grip91 l(1)dd4

(Barbosa et al., 2000)

Source for merge of: l(1)dd4 l(1)G0122

(Peter et al., 2002)

Source for merge of: l(1)dd4 anon-WO03040301.197

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Renamed from the placeholder symbol 'l(1)dd4' to 'Grip91' to reflect usage in the literature.

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Source for merge of l(1)dd4 anon-WO03040301.197 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in the formation of an aberrantly long, monopolar spindle when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

(Goshima et al., 2007)

The interactions between and γ-Tubulin facilitates γ-Tubulin binding to GTP.

(Gunawardane et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

l(1)dd4 is essential for progression through mitosis.

(Barbosa et al., 2000)

Identification: Protein identified as part of a γ tubulin ring complex.

(Oegema et al., 1999)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

48481

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9XYP8

Other crossreferences

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0001612

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Grip91_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10988

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001612

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

48481

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG10988

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0001612

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

71426

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001612

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001612

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0001612

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG10988-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0001612

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0001612

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

48481

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Grip91

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Grip91

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG10988

(Çiçek et al., 2016, Müller et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

DGrip91

(Brodu et al., 2010, Mottier et al., 2008)

Dd4

(Bucciarelli et al., 2009)

Dgrip9

(Goshima et al., 2007)

Dgrips91

(Gunawardane et al., 2003)

GCP3

(Jeng and Stearns, 1999)

GRIP91

(Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

Grip91

(Weiner et al., 2020, Zheng et al., 2020, Hughes and Simmonds, 2019, Tovey et al., 2018, Gopalakrishnan et al., 2012, Vázquez et al., 2008)

anon-WO03040301.197

dGRIP91

(Sadler and do Carmo Avides, 2000)

dd4

(Giansanti et al., 2008, Vázquez et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Varmark, 2004, Barbosa et al., 2003, Blagden and Glover, 2003, Barbosa et al., 2000, Sadler and do Carmo Avides, 2000)

l(1)G0122

(Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)

l(1)d deg-4

(Gatti and Baker, 1989)

l(1)d.deg.-4

(Gatti and Goldberg, 1991)

l(1)d.deg.4

(Ripoll et al., 1987)

l(1)dd4

(Neumüller et al., 2011, Müller et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010, Vázquez et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Minakhina et al., 2007)

Name Synonyms

DGrip91

(Brodu et al., 2010)

Dgrip91

(Blagden and Glover, 2003)

Dgrips91

(Blagden and Glover, 2003)

Gamma-tubulin ring protein 91

gamma-tubulin ring protein 91

lethal (1) discs degenerate 4

(Vázquez et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0026429
FBgn0040196
FBgn0066830

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (97)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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