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Gene Dmel\l(2)gl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\l(2)gl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	lethal (2) giant larvae	Annotation symbol	CG2671
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002121
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	21 publicly available
Also Known As	Lgl, p127, dlgl, p127l(2)gl
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-0.0
Cytogenetic map	21A5-21A5	Sequence location	2L:9,839..21,376 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene lethal (2) giant larvae is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\l(2)gl (CG2671, FBgn0002121). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: myosin II binding; myosin binding. There is experimental evidence for 22 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: localization; biological regulation; single-organism developmental process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; cell fate commitment; gland morphogenesis; sensory organ development; larval chitin-based cuticle development; response to ketone; establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium; anterior/posterior axis specification. 103 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; portion of tissue; adult segment; imaginal precursor; thoracic segment; multicellular structure; eo support cell; epithelial cell; tormogen cell. It has 11 annotated transcripts and 11 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Lethal giant larvae (Lgl)-like, C-terminal; Lethal giant larvae homologue 2; Lethal(2) giant larvae protein; WD40 repeat; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult midgut, larval hindgut, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system, adult crop, adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1637410_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 6 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of l(2)gl. Gene sequence location is 2L:9839..21376.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	l(2)gl: lethal (2) giant larvae Homozygotes undergo embryogenesis and the first three larval instars; larvae reach normal maximum size; then for some alleles most homozygotes fail to pupate, becoming bloated and 1.5-2 times normal size, whereas for others the majority form prepupae but fail to progress into morphogenesis. Ring gland small and appears immature in third-instar larvae (Scharrer and Hadorn, 1938, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 24: 236-42); third-instar l(2)gl larvae implanted with a normal ring gland pupate but do not metamorphose; injection of ecdysone elicits the same result (Karlson and Hanser, 1952, Z. Naturforsch 76: 80-83); thus a deficiency of hormones from the ring gland is probably one, but not the only, result of l(2)gl. Homozygotes that die as prepupae have underdeveloped corpora allata and prothoracic glands, whereas larval lethals have underdeveloped prothoracic glands but normal corpora allata (Korochkina and Nazarova, 1977, Chromosoma 62: 175-90). Prothoracic glands contain approximately 1% the normal quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Aggarwal and King, 1969, J. Morph. 129: 171-99). Alleles range from 98% larval and 2% pupal death to 18% larval and 82% pupal death (Gateff, Golubovsky, and Sokolova, 1977, DIS 52: 128-29). In the most extreme phenotypes (+++), the larval brain and optic lobes become enlarged and disorganized and the imaginal discs large and clumped; when discs of such larvae are transplanted into wild-type-female abdomens, they form large contained tumors, whereas transplanted optic primordia from larval brains form invasive neuroblastomas, which grow rapidly, killing the host within 7-14 days; they can be serially cultured in adult abdomens (Gateff and Schneiderman, 1974). These observations have led to l(2)gl's being designated a Drosophila oncogene. Intermediate alleles (++) exhibit moderately enlarged brain and discs, which show enhanced growth when transplanted into wild-type females and death of host is delayed. In weak alleles (+) the brain and discs are small and rudimentary and grow slowly in transplants. One allele normal in disc morphology and behavior in transplants (-). The lethal phase is not well correlated with the phenotypic expression. Most abundant transcription noted in early (0-6 h) embryos and late third-instar larvae, with the smaller transcript more abundant in embryos and the larger in larvae (Mechler, McGinnis, and Gehring). Immunocytochemistry shows localization of l(2)gl product at cell surfaces, specifically at the interfaces between proliferating cells (Klambt and Schmidt, 1986, EMBO J. 5: 2955-61; Klambt, Muller, Lutzelschwab, Rossa, Totzke, and Schmidt, 1989, Dev. Biol. 133: 425-36; Lutzelschwab, Klambt, Rossa, and Schmidt, 1987, EMBO J. 6: 1791-97). During later embryogenesis relatively high amounts of l(2)gl protein is detected in pole cells and cells of the developing nervous system; specifically neurons in the peripheral nervous system undergoing axogenesis express the protein. Monoclonal antibodies specifically stain junctions between mammalian cells in culture as though they are recognizing either membrane or intercellular-matrix proteins (Klambt et al., 1989). Ten-to-eleven-day-old larvae homozygous for larval-lethal alleles exhibit remarkably few puff sites, only 63BC and occasionally 88D and 89B; however, heat shock induced puffs develop normally (Ashburner, 1970, Chromosoma 31: 356-76). Homozygotes able to form prepupae exhibit more nearly normal puffing patterns; puffing in response to administration of ecdysone also appears normal (Richards, 1976, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 179: 339-48).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms smooth septate junction
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 21A5-21A5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}spenk06805&P{lacW}l(2)k13604k13604 and P{lacW}U2af38k14504
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 21A-21A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Klambt et al., 1989) 21A-21A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Opper et al., 1987) 21A-21A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Jacob et al., 1987) 21A3-21A4   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Mechler et al., 1985) 21A1-21B3     (Golubovsky et al., 1978)   Distal-most single copy gene of 2L.   (Kurenova et al., 1998) 21A-21A   Determined by comparing Celera genomic sequence with sequence from BDGP BAC and P1 clones.   (Lloyd et al., 2000)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-0.0
Left of (cM)	eff (Brumby et al., 2004)
Right of (cM)	net (Golubovsky et al., 1978)
Notes	Most distal gene on 2L. (Biessmann et al., 1996) Maps close to al. (Brumby et al., 2004)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\l(2)gl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.44 Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Alternative translation stop created by use of multiphasic reading frames within coding region. Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR. Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters. Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) l(2)gl-RA FBtr0078171  NM_164349   5391   1161 l(2)gl-RB FBtr0078166  NM_164348   5155   1153 l(2)gl-RC FBtr0078170  NM_078715   5248   1161 l(2)gl-RD FBtr0078167  NM_164350   5230   1112 l(2)gl-RE FBtr0078168  NM_164351   5225   1112 l(2)gl-RF FBtr0078169  NM_164352   5082   1112 l(2)gl-RG FBtr0306589  NM_001258872   5315   1161 l(2)gl-RH FBtr0306590  NM_001258873   5179   1161 l(2)gl-RI FBtr0306591  NM_001258874   5390   1161 l(2)gl-RJ FBtr0306592  NM_001258875   5528   1161 l(2)gl-RK FBtr0330655  NM_001272858   5281   1093
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein l(2)gl-PA   FBpp0077829   126.9   1161   5.78     NP_722584   AAG22255 l(2)gl-PB   FBpp0077824   125.9   1153   5.57     NP_722583   AAG22256 l(2)gl-PC   FBpp0077828   126.9   1161   5.78     NP_523439   AAF51570 l(2)gl-PD   FBpp0077825   121.2   1112   5.15     NP_722585   AAN10501 l(2)gl-PE   FBpp0077826   121.2   1112   5.15     NP_722586   AAN10502 l(2)gl-PF   FBpp0077827   121.2   1112   5.15     NP_722587   AAN10503 l(2)gl-PG   FBpp0297544   126.9   1161   5.78     NP_001245801   AFH03478 l(2)gl-PH   FBpp0297545   126.9   1161   5.78     NP_001245802   AFH03479 l(2)gl-PI   FBpp0297546   126.9   1161   5.78     NP_001245803   AFH03480 l(2)gl-PJ   FBpp0297547   126.9   1161   5.78     NP_001245804   AFH03481 l(2)gl-PK   FBpp0303505   119.7   1093   6.01     NP_001259787   AGB92324
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	130 (kD) (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) Lethal(2) giant larvae protein (IPR000664) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) Lethal giant larvae homologue 2 (IPR013577) Lethal giant larvae (Lgl)-like, C-terminal (IPR013905)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202743   AA246243   AA439241   AA538811   AA540418   AA802028   AA816352   AE014134 AAF51570   AE014134 AAG22255   AE014134 AAG22256   AE014134 AAN10501   AE014134 AAN10502   AE014134 AAN10503   AE014134 AFH03478   AE014134 AFH03479   AE014134 AFH03480   AE014134 AFH03481   AE014134 AGB92324   AI455001   AI542438   AW942062   AY051654 AAK93078   BH809482   BI163614   BI166976   BI228102   BI230642   BI231274   BI231469   BI234905   BI239082   BI239453   BI239711   BI239962   BI358046   BI364671   BI372105   BI376166   BI376181   BI376184   BI485649   BT100129   BT100228   CO185876   CO186497   CO187721   CO188696   CO191356   CO262081   CO264825   CO269029   CO272993   CO275648   CO276935   CO277692   CO278485   CO279036   CO279043   CO279666   CO280982   CO285238   CO288554   CO290231   CO290812   CO292610   CO296616   CO297073   CO302839   CO304692   CO306711   CO307753   CO311096   CO311460   CO312021   CO313647   CO314140   CO314272   CO314536   CO315084   CO318458   CO318783   CO321377   CO327055   CO327261   CO327626   CO327683   CO327952   CO330762   CO331943   CO333598   CO340629   CO341211   CZ471313   CZ482024   CZ484691   DN154145   DN154199   EC054122   EC054630   EC054634   EC057645   EC058610   EC061310   EC062412   EC064751   EC065543   EC067236   EC067759   EC068820   EC070565   EC071151   EC072512   EC073121   EC073827   EC074801   EC077148   EC077306   EC077585   EC078285   EC079000   EC079967   EC080682   EC087224   EC087789   EC087878   EC194682   EC197712   EC198773   EC200959   EC201857   EC202899   EC204734   EC205070   EC207548   EC207980   EC209286   EC209565   EC212073   EC212113   EC212457   EC215650   EC216987   EC219192   EC220200   EC223436   EC225679   EC228338   EC228815   EC229242   EC231019   EC233218   EC234974   EC236984   EC237330   EC238527   EC242326   EC243632   EC244332   EC244496   EC244543   EC247355   EC250126   EC252866   EC254712   EC256934   EC256982   EC258087   EC259110   EC260350   GH751440   GH791635   GH826677   GH855481   GH872005   GH954042   GH956806   GH957494   GH962410   GH966237   GH976888   GH979880   M17022 AAA28671   M17022 AAA28672   X05426 CAA29007
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P08111
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval pharynx   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) neuroblast   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) ventral nerve cord commissure   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) embryonic/larval proventriculus   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) ring gland   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) ventral nerve cord   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) embryonic/larval salivary gland duct   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) larval stage   embryonic/larval brain   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) adult stage   head   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) cell fractionation Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   • Golgi membrane (Zarnescu et al., 2005) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   epidermis   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) hypophysis   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) longitudinal connective   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) pharyngeal muscle   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) supraesophageal ganglion   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) adult stage | female & oogenesis   follicle cell   (Szafranski and Goode, 2004) egg chamber   (Zarnescu et al., 2005) oogenesis stage S7 -- S9 & adult stage | female   polar follicle cell   • leading edge membrane (Szafranski and Goode, 2004) border follicle cell   (Szafranski and Goode, 2004) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   embryonic/larval fat body   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) embryonic/larval hindgut   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) imaginal disc   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) adult stage & oogenesis   ovary   (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The l(2)gl protein is found in all primordia of larval tissues in the embryo. Neural primordia are only weakly labelled with the exception of the presumptive optic centers and axon bundles of the ventral cord which are distinctly labelled. In larvae, l(2)gl protein is seen at low levels until the end of the third instar where it is found mainly in brain and imaginal discs. (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
apicolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Bilder et al., 2000) cell cortex inferred from direct assay (Ohshiro et al., 2000, Peng et al., 2000) cortical cytoskeleton inferred from direct assay (Farkas and Mechler, 2000) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Ohshiro et al., 2000, Peng et al., 2000) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) inferred from direct assay AND traceable author statement (Bilder et al., 2000) proteinaceous extracellular matrix inferred from direct assay (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) smooth septate junction inferred from direct assay (Izumi et al., 2012)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult midgut, larval hindgut, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system, adult crop, adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut    1263.6 Larval Hindgut    1031.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass    619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut    702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut  (1263.6) Larval Hindgut  (1031.9) Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass  (619.2) Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut  (702.1) Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut  (1263.6) Larval Hindgut  1031.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass    619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut    702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut    1263.6 Larval Hindgut    1031.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass    619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut    702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut    1263.6 Larval Hindgut    1031.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass    619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut    702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut  (1263.6) Larval Hindgut  (1031.9) Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass  619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut  702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut  1263.6 Larval Hindgut  1031.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass    619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut    702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    346.125 Larval Midgut    1263.6 Larval Hindgut    1031.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    394.6 Larval Fat Body    127.5 Larval Salivary Gland    434.5 Larval Trachea    390.775 Larval Carcass    619.2 Adult Head    117.1 Adult Eye    56.925 Adult Brain    51.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1 Adult Crop    292.5 Adult Midgut    702.1 Adult Hindgut    363.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    259.4 Adult Fat Body    201.3 Adult Salivary Gland    217.1 Adult Heart    132.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6 Adult Ovary    175.3 Adult Testis    46.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    104.8 Adult Carcass    126.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    117.1   NA  Eye    56.925   NA  Brain    51.6   346.125  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    68.1   NA  Crop    292.5   1263.6  Midgut    702.1   1031.9  Hindgut    363.3   394.6  Malpighian Tubules    259.4   127.5  Fat Body    201.3   434.5  Salivary Gland    217.1   NA  Heart    132.45   390.775  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    333.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    366.6   NA  Ovary    175.3   NA  Testis    46.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    104.8   619.2  Carcass    126.6 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    49 ovary, mated 4-day female    28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (49) ovary, mated 4-day female  (28) testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    49 ovary, mated 4-day female    28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    49 ovary, mated 4-day female    28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    49 ovary, mated 4-day female    28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (49) ovary, mated 4-day female  28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    49 ovary, mated 4-day female    28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    3 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    4 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    14 digestive system, 20-day adult    16 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    12 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    49 ovary, mated 4-day female    28 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    53 embryo 02-04hr    85 embryo 04-06hr    110 embryo 06-08hr    76 embryo 08-10hr    67 embryo 10-12hr    32 embryo 12-14hr    76 embryo 14-16hr    54 embryo 16-18hr    94 embryo 18-20hr    52 embryo 20-22hr    32 embryo 22-24hr    44 larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    45 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (53) embryo 02-04hr  (85) embryo 04-06hr  (110) embryo 06-08hr  (76) embryo 08-10hr  (67) embryo 10-12hr  (32) embryo 12-14hr  (76) embryo 14-16hr  (54) embryo 16-18hr  (94) embryo 18-20hr  (52) embryo 20-22hr  (32) embryo 22-24hr  (44) larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  26 white prepupae new  26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr  (27) pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day  (45) adult female 30day  (37) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    53 embryo 02-04hr    85 embryo 04-06hr  (110) embryo 06-08hr    76 embryo 08-10hr    67 embryo 10-12hr    32 embryo 12-14hr    76 embryo 14-16hr    54 embryo 16-18hr    94 embryo 18-20hr    52 embryo 20-22hr    32 embryo 22-24hr    44 larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    45 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    53 embryo 02-04hr    85 embryo 04-06hr    110 embryo 06-08hr    76 embryo 08-10hr    67 embryo 10-12hr    32 embryo 12-14hr    76 embryo 14-16hr    54 embryo 16-18hr    94 embryo 18-20hr    52 embryo 20-22hr    32 embryo 22-24hr    44 larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    45 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    53 embryo 02-04hr    85 embryo 04-06hr    110 embryo 06-08hr    76 embryo 08-10hr    67 embryo 10-12hr    32 embryo 12-14hr    76 embryo 14-16hr    54 embryo 16-18hr    94 embryo 18-20hr    52 embryo 20-22hr    32 embryo 22-24hr    44 larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    45 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (53) embryo 02-04hr  (85) embryo 04-06hr  (110) embryo 06-08hr  (76) embryo 08-10hr  (67) embryo 10-12hr  32 embryo 12-14hr  (76) embryo 14-16hr  (54) embryo 16-18hr  (94) embryo 18-20hr  (52) embryo 20-22hr  32 embryo 22-24hr  (44) larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  26 white prepupae new  26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr  27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day  (45) adult female 30day  (37) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    53 embryo 02-04hr    85 embryo 04-06hr  110 embryo 06-08hr    76 embryo 08-10hr    67 embryo 10-12hr    32 embryo 12-14hr    76 embryo 14-16hr    54 embryo 16-18hr    94 embryo 18-20hr    52 embryo 20-22hr    32 embryo 22-24hr    44 larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    45 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    53 embryo 02-04hr    85 embryo 04-06hr    110 embryo 06-08hr    76 embryo 08-10hr    67 embryo 10-12hr    32 embryo 12-14hr    76 embryo 14-16hr    54 embryo 16-18hr    94 embryo 18-20hr    52 embryo 20-22hr    32 embryo 22-24hr    44 larva L1    13 larva L2    23 larva L3 12hr old    17 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    18 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    25 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    26 white prepupae 12hr    22 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    15 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    45 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H    28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3    27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    60 wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    72 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    75 ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H  (28) embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3  (27) leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2  (40) wing disc ML-DmD8  (60) wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (29) wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (72) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (30) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (29) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (75) ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H    28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3    27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    60 wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    72 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    75 ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H    28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3    27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    60 wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    72 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    75 ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H    28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3    27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    60 wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    72 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    75 ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H  28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3  27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2  (40) wing disc ML-DmD8  (60) wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (72) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  29 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (75) ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H    28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3    27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    60 wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    72 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    75 ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    21 embryonic 1182-4H    28 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    15 embryonic S3    27 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    60 wing disc ML-DmD9    19 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    23 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    72 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    18 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    30 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    75 ovary fGS/OSS    13 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (28) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    12 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    18 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    23 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    19 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_05 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • PC00404 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002121 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2671-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal l(2)gl110 l(2)gl309 l(2)gl314 l(2)gl334 l(2)gl351 l(2)gl353 l(2)gl705 lethal | embryonic stage | paternal effect | heat sensitive l(2)glhs.PD lethal | heat sensitive l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 l(2)glts3 lethal | heat sensitive (with Df(2L)net62) l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 l(2)glts3 lethal | larval stage l(2)gl1 l(2)gl138 l(2)glD150 l(2)glGB652 lethal | larval stage | recessive l(2)gl4 l(2)gl23S9 l(2)gl27S3 l(2)gl275 l(2)glE2S31 l(2)glE6S2 lethal | maternal effect | heat sensitive l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 l(2)glts3 lethal | partially | pharate adult stage l(2)gl+tMd lethal | pharate adult stage | somatic clone l(2)gl4 lethal | pupal stage | recessive l(2)gl4 lethal | recessive l(2)gl4 l(2)gl275 l(2)gla1 l(2)gla2 l(2)gla3 l(2)gla4 l(2)gla5 l(2)gla6 l(2)gla7 l(2)gla8 l(2)gla9 l(2)gla10 l(2)gla11 l(2)gla12 l(2)gla13 l(2)gla14 l(2)gla15 l(2)gla16 l(2)gla17 l(2)gla18 l(2)gla19 l(2)glunspecified lethal | somatic clone l(2)gl4 viable l(2)gl119 l(2)glCB02331 l(2)glKI.C.T:Avic\GFP Sterility Allele female sterile | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 l(2)glts3 female sterile | recessive | heat sensitive l(2)glts3 male sterile | heat sensitive (with l(2)glts1) l(2)glts3 male sterile | heat sensitive (with l(2)glts2) l(2)glts3 male sterile | heat sensitive (with l(2)glts3) l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 Other Phenotypes Allele cell growth defective | somatic clone l(2)gl4 cell polarity defective | somatic clone l(2)gl4 decreased cell size l(2)gl4 hyperplasia l(2)gl275 increased cell death | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone l(2)gl4 large body | larval stage | somatic clone l(2)gl4 melanotic mass phenotype l(2)gl4 neuroanatomy defective l(2)gl1 l(2)gl334 neuroanatomy defective (with l(2)gl1) l(2)gl4 neuroanatomy defective (with l(2)gl4) l(2)gl1 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with l(2)gl334) l(2)gl3644 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with l(2)gl3644) l(2)gl334 planar polarity defective l(2)gl4 planar polarity defective | germline clone l(2)gl4 planar polarity defective | maternal effect l(2)gl4 tumorigenic l(2)gl1 l(2)gl4 l(2)gl110 l(2)glD150 tumorigenic (with Df(2L)net62) l(2)gl4 tumorigenic | recessive l(2)gl4 wild-type l(2)gl+t13.1 l(2)gl+tMa l(2)gl+tMb l(2)gl+tMd l(2)glF311 Phenotype manifest in Allele adherens junction l(2)glunspecified adult head | pharate adult stage | somatic clone l(2)gl4 border follicle cell l(2)gl4 border follicle cell (with l(2)gl4) l(2)glts3 border follicle cell (with l(2)glts3) l(2)gl4 border follicle cell | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 cephalopharyngeal skeleton l(2)gl4 l(2)glts3 chemosensory ventral triple row bristle l(2)gl4 crossvein l(2)gl4 cuticle l(2)gl4 cuticle | somatic clone l(2)gl4 denticle | germline clone l(2)gl4 denticle | maternal effect l(2)gl4 denticle belt l(2)glts3 dorsal double row l(2)gl4 dorsal mesothoracic disc & epithelial cell l(2)gl334 dorsal triple row l(2)gl4 egg | germline clone l(2)gl4 egg chamber l(2)glts3 egg chamber | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 EL neuron l(2)gl4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle l(2)gl4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval brain l(2)gl1 l(2)gl110 l(2)gl138 l(2)gl275 l(2)gl309 l(2)gl314 l(2)gl334 l(2)gl351 l(2)gl353 l(2)gl4 l(2)gl705 l(2)glD150 embryonic/larval brain (with Df(2L)net62) l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval brain | larval stage (with l(2)gl1) l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval brain | larval stage (with l(2)gl4) l(2)gl1 embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage (with l(2)gl4) l(2)gl334 embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage (with l(2)gl334) l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval corpus allatum l(2)glunspecified embryonic/larval lymph gland l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage l(2)glts3 embryonic/larval neuroblast (with l(2)gl1) l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval neuroblast (with l(2)gl4) l(2)gl1 embryonic/larval optic lobe l(2)gl1 embryonic/larval salivary gland l(2)gl+tMd embryonic/larval salivary gland (with l(2)gl4) l(2)gl334 embryonic/larval salivary gland (with l(2)gl334) l(2)gl4 embryonic/larval salivary gland | embryonic stage l(2)glunspecified embryonic epidermis l(2)gl4 l(2)glts3 embryonic epidermis | germline clone l(2)gl4 embryonic epidermis | maternal effect l(2)gl4 embryonic head l(2)glts3 embryonic leading edge cell l(2)glts3 embryonic ventral epidermis l(2)glts3 embryonic ventral epidermis | germline clone l(2)gl4 embryonic ventral epidermis | maternal effect l(2)gl4 eo neuron l(2)glts3 eo neuron | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 l(2)glunspecified epithelial cell l(2)gl01433 epithelial cell | extended germ band stage | germline clone | maternal effect l(2)gl1 epithelial cell | germline clone l(2)gl4 epithelial cell | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 extended germ band embryo l(2)glts3 extended germ band embryo | maternal effect | heat sensitive l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 l(2)glts3 external sensory organ l(2)glts3 external sensory organ | heat sensitive (with l(2)gl4) l(2)glts3 external sensory organ | heat sensitive (with l(2)glts3) l(2)gl4 external sensory organ precursor cell IIa | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS external sensory organ precursor cell IIb, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS eye disc l(2)gl4 eye disc | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl40-15 filzkorper l(2)glts3 follicle cell l(2)glts3 follicle cell | ectopic | somatic clone l(2)gl4 follicle cell | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 follicle cell | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 germarium l(2)glts3 haltere disc l(2)glts1 imaginal disc l(2)gl1 l(2)gl110 l(2)gl138 l(2)gl275 l(2)gl309 l(2)gl314 l(2)gl334 l(2)gl351 l(2)gl353 l(2)gl4 l(2)gl705 l(2)glD150 l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 imaginal disc (with Df(2L)net62) l(2)gl4 larval brain & neuroblast | supernumerary l(2)gl334 larval brain | posterior & neuroblast | supernumerary l(2)gl1 larval brain | posterior & neuron l(2)gl1 male genitalia (with l(2)glts1) l(2)glts3 male genitalia (with l(2)glts2) l(2)glts3 male genitalia (with l(2)glts3) l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 Malpighian tubule l(2)gl4 mechanosensory chaeta | heat sensitive (with l(2)gl4) l(2)glts3 mechanosensory chaeta | heat sensitive (with l(2)glts3) l(2)gl4 metathoracic leg disc l(2)glts1 microtubule & oocyte, with Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS.P\T microtubule & oocyte | germ-line clone l(2)gl4 neuroblast & larval brain & third instar larva l(2)gl334 neuroblast | embryonic stage | germline clone l(2)gl4 neuroblast | third instar larval stage l(2)gl4 nurse cell & cytoskeleton | conditional ts l(2)glF311 nurse cell | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 oocyte & cytoskeleton | conditional ts l(2)glF311 oocyte | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 oocyte nucleus, with Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS.P\T oocyte nucleus | germline clone l(2)gl4 optic lobe l(2)gl1 l(2)gl110 l(2)glD150 ovary l(2)glts3 ovary | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 prothoracic gland l(2)glunspecified prothoracic leg disc l(2)glts1 pupa l(2)gl+tMd secondary neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary (with l(2)gl334) l(2)gl3644 secondary neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary (with l(2)gl3644) l(2)gl334 socket l(2)glts3 stage S9 oocyte | heat sensitive l(2)glF311 thecogen cell | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 l(2)glunspecified tormogen cell l(2)glts3 tormogen cell | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 l(2)glunspecified tormogen cell | somatic clone | supernumerary l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 l(2)glunspecified trichogen cell | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 l(2)glunspecified trichogen cell | somatic clone | supernumerary l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3 l(2)glunspecified type II neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary (with l(2)gl334) l(2)gl3644 type II neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary (with l(2)gl3644) l(2)gl334 type I neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary (with l(2)gl334) l(2)gl3644 type I neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary (with l(2)gl3644) l(2)gl334 ventral double row l(2)gl4 ventral thoracic disc l(2)gl334 ventral thoracic disc & epithelial cell l(2)gl334 wing l(2)gl4 wing | anterior/posterior compartment boundary l(2)gl4 wing disc l(2)gl334 l(2)gl4 l(2)glts1 wing disc | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone l(2)gl4 wing disc | heat sensitive l(2)glts1 l(2)glts2 l(2)glts3 wing disc | somatic clone l(2)gl4 wing vein | somatic clone l(2)gl4 l(2)gl4w3
Classical Alleles ( 65 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of l(2)gl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion l(2)gl4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele spontaneous 3 Yes l(2)gl01433 1 -- l(2)gl27S3 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- l(2)gl314 spontaneous natural population 1 Yes l(2)gl4w3 1 -- l(2)glc07179 piggyBac transposase 1 -- l(2)glf02181 piggyBac transposase 1 -- l(2)glKG05323 P-element activity 1 -- l(2)glMI07575 1 -- l(2)glPM13 1 -- l(2)glR2 1 -- l(2)glts3 heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes l(2)gl110 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl119 0 -- l(2)gl138 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl150 spontaneous 0 Yes l(2)gl1 spontaneous 0 Yes l(2)gl23S9 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gl25 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl275 loss of function allele spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl2 U.V. 0 -- l(2)gl309 spontaneous 0 -- l(2)gl334 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl351 spontaneous 0 -- l(2)gl353 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl3644 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gl3 spontaneous 0 -- l(2)gl40-15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gl432 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl52 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gl558 0 -- l(2)gl6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes l(2)gl705 spontaneous 0 -- l(2)gla10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gla9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)glB spontaneous 0 -- l(2)glCB02331 P-element activity 0 Yes l(2)glD150 spontaneous natural population 0 Yes l(2)gle04278 piggyBac transposase 0 -- l(2)glE2S31 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)glE6S2 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)glGB652 0 -- l(2)glGX7w- ends-out gene targeting 0 Yes l(2)glKI.C.T:Avic\GFP recombination 0 Yes l(2)glm32 0 -- l(2)glts1 heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)glts2 heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)glunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 38 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of l(2)gl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion l(2)glGD4047 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes l(2)glGL00645 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes l(2)glHMS01522 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes l(2)glHMS01905 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes l(2)glJF01073 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes l(2)glJF01553 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes l(2)gl+t13.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes l(2)gl+t23 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes l(2)gl+tMa in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)gl+tMb in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)gl+tMd in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS.P\T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-S65T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes l(2)gl3A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes l(2)glC+β.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glF311 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes l(2)glhs.PD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glhs.PM in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glKK100777 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glMC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.cBa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.cOa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.P\T.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-S65T in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mCherry in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)glScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes l(2)glt16 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glt21 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glt22 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes l(2)glt25 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)DV271 (Opper et al., 1987) Df(2L)GB26 (Walter et al., 1995) Df(2L)l(2)gl-9 (Walter et al., 1995) Df(2L)M119 (Opper et al., 1987) Df(2L)net3 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)net18 (Mason et al., 2004, Korochkina and Golubovsky, 1978, Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)net62 (Arquier et al., 2001, Mason et al., 2004, Korochkina and Golubovsky, 1978, Opper et al., 1987, Woodhouse et al., 1994, Manfruelli et al., 1996) Df(2L)net78;30 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)net107 (LaJeunesse et al., 2001) Df(2L)net-PMF (Mason et al., 2004, Brumby et al., 2004, Caggese et al., 1994) Df(2L)PM1 (Caggese et al., 1994, Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PM4 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PM11 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PM44 (Caggese et al., 1994, Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PM45 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PM51 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PM59 (Caggese et al., 1994) Df(2L)PM85 (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PMA (Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PMD (Caggese et al., 1994, Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)PMG (Caggese et al., 1994, Larsson et al., 1996) Df(2L)TE21A (Caggese et al., 1994, Zarnescu et al., 2005) Df(2L)U231 (Walter et al., 1995) Df(2L)U258 (Walter et al., 1995) Df(2L)U558 (Opper et al., 1987) Ts(2Rt;4Rt)astv (Lewis, 1945)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)30A-C (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)al (Brumby et al., 2004, Korochkina and Golubovsky, 1978, Lewis, 1945) Df(2L)BSC7 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)D20 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)JS13 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)N22-14 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)r10 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)S1 (Lewis, 1945) Df(2L)S2 (Mason et al., 2004, Lewis, 1945) Df(2L)S3 (Lewis, 1945) Df(2L)S4 (Lewis, 1945) Df(2L)S5 (Lewis, 1945) Df(2L)S2590 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)Trf-C6R31 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)TW65 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)XE-3801 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2L)γ7 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)12 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)59AB (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)BSC11 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)CX1 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)Dll-MP (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)en-B (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)ES1 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)eve (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)exu2 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)Jp4 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)M41A4 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)P34 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)PC66 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)RM2-1 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)stan2 (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)w45-19g (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)wun-GL (Mason et al., 2004) Df(2R)X58-12 (Mason et al., 2004) In(2L)b82a1 (Mason et al., 2004)
Duplicated in	Ts(2Lt;4Lt)astv (Lewis, 1945)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4047} NA P{KK100777} NA P{TRiP.GL00645} NA P{TRiP.HMS01522} NA P{TRiP.HMS01905} NA P{TRiP.JF01073} NA P{TRiP.JF01553} NA P{UAS.l(2)gl.C.MYC} NA P{UAS.l(2)gl.C+β.MYC} NA P{UAS.l(2)gl.M.MYC} NA P{UAS.l(2)gl.MC.MYC} NA P{UAS.l(2)gl.N.MYC} NA P{UAS-l(2)gl.3A.Myc} NA P{UAS-l(2)gl.3A} NA P{UAS-l(2)gl.B} NA P{UAS-l(2)gl.Myc} NA P{UAS-l(2)gl.O} NA P{UAS-l(2)gl} NA P{UAS-lgl.GFP} NA P{UASp-l(2)gl.3A} NA P{UASp-l(2)gl.3A-GFP} NA P{UASp-l(2)gl.GFP} NA P{UASp-l(2)gl.T} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-l(2)gl.D} NA P{hs-l(2)gl} NA characterization construct P{l(2)gl-15,ry+} NA P{l(2)gl-15} NA P{l(2)gl-16} NA P{l(2)gl-21} NA P{l(2)gl-22} NA P{l(2)gl-23} NA P{l(2)gl-24} NA P{l(2)gl-25} NA P{l(2)gl-29} NA P{l(2)gl-30} NA P{l(2)glF311} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}l(2)glMI07575 NA P{PTT-GB}l(2)glCB02331 NA P{SUPor-P}l(2)glKG05323 NA PBac{PB}l(2)glc07179 NA PBac{RB}l(2)gle04278 NA PBac{WH}l(2)glf02181 NA roo{}l(2)gl52 NA roo{}l(2)gl275 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 57 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 31 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
myosin binding inferred from genetic interaction with zip (Peng et al., 2000) myosin II binding inferred from genetic interaction with zip (Ohshiro et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin cytoskeleton organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Tian and Deng, 2008) asymmetric neuroblast division inferred from genetic interaction with mts (Ogawa et al., 2009) asymmetric protein localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Albertson and Doe, 2003) asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination inferred from mutant phenotype AND inferred from physical interaction with par-6 (Betschinger et al., 2003) basal protein localization inferred from genetic interaction with jar (Petritsch et al., 2003) inferred from mutant phenotype (Ohshiro et al., 2000, Peng et al., 2000) cell competition in a multicellular organism inferred from mutant phenotype (Tamori et al., 2010) chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Kaplan et al., 2009) ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death inferred from mutant phenotype (Farkas and Mechler, 2000) epidermis morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity inferred from mutant phenotype (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) establishment of protein localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ohshiro et al., 2000) establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium inferred from genetic interaction with dlg1 (Bilder et al., 2000) localization within membrane inferred from mutant phenotype (Roegiers et al., 2005) morphogenesis of follicular epithelium inferred from mutant phenotype (Bilder et al., 2000) negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation inferred from mutant phenotype (Betschinger et al., 2006) negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with N (Justice et al., 2003) nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Ohshiro et al., 2000) oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Tian and Deng, 2008) oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Tian and Deng, 2008) salivary gland histolysis inferred from mutant phenotype (Farkas and Mechler, 2000) sensory organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Justice et al., 2003) transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with dpp AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Arquier et al., 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
apicolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Bilder et al., 2000) cell cortex inferred from direct assay (Ohshiro et al., 2000, Peng et al., 2000) cortical cytoskeleton inferred from direct assay (Farkas and Mechler, 2000) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Ohshiro et al., 2000, Peng et al., 2000) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) inferred from direct assay AND traceable author statement (Bilder et al., 2000) proteinaceous extracellular matrix inferred from direct assay (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) smooth septate junction inferred from direct assay (Izumi et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 33 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
myosin II binding traceable author statement (Bloor and Kiehart, 2001, Harden, 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
asymmetric protein localization traceable author statement (Wedlich, 2002) asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination traceable author statement (Schaefer and Knoblich, 2001, Bardin et al., 2004) basal protein localization non-traceable author statement (Schaefer and Knoblich, 2001, Tuxworth and Chia, 2003) cell differentiation non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1) cell proliferation traceable author statement (Bilder et al., 2000) dorsal closure traceable author statement (Noselli and Agnes, 1999, Harden, 2002) ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death non-traceable author statement (Farkas et al., 2002) establishment of neuroblast polarity traceable author statement (Harden, 2002) establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity non-traceable author statement (Johnston and Gallant, 2002) traceable author statement (Tepass et al., 2001, Humbert et al., 2003) establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity traceable author statement (Tepass et al., 2001) establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium traceable author statement (Ohshiro et al., 2000, Peng et al., 2000) establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium traceable author statement (Bilder et al., 2000) histolysis non-traceable author statement (Farkas et al., 2002) morphogenesis of an epithelium traceable author statement (Tepass et al., 2001) morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium traceable author statement (Gibson and Perrimon, 2003) morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium traceable author statement (Bilder et al., 2000) negative regulation of cell proliferation traceable author statement (Humbert et al., 2003) neurotransmitter secretion non-traceable author statement (Lloyd et al., 2000) protein localization traceable author statement (Caruana, 2002) regulation of cell cycle non-traceable author statement (Humbert et al., 2003) regulation of cell proliferation non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1) regulation of cell shape non-traceable author statement (Harden, 2002) septate junction assembly traceable author statement (Harden, 2002) synaptic vesicle priming non-traceable author statement (Lloyd et al., 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
basolateral plasma membrane traceable author statement (Gibson and Perrimon, 2003) cell cortex traceable author statement (Bloor and Kiehart, 2001) cytoskeleton non-traceable author statement (Noselli and Agnes, 1999) cytosol traceable author statement (Bilder et al., 2000) interstitial matrix non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1) plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1) septate junction non-traceable author statement (Tepass et al., 2001) traceable author statement (Medina et al., 2002) synaptic vesicle non-traceable author statement (Lloyd et al., 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_edited_transcript (Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
l(2)gl - 14-3-3ζ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - ATPsyn-γ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Arf79F anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Arp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Arpc1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Arpc4 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - CG4278 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - CG5235 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - CG6712 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - CG6724 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - CG9911 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Chc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - FK506-bp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Kap-α3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - M6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - Ns1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - RpS21 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - aPKC experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - ade5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - dream anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - dsh anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) l(2)gl - eIF-5A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - eIF6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - isoQC anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - mahj anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot (Tamori et al., 2010) l(2)gl - mtacp1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - par-6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Neumüller et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011) l(2)gl - wal anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) l(2)gl - α-Spec anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions l(2)gl allele Gene References l(2)gl4 crb (Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2003) Ras85D (Pagliarini and Xu, 2003) scrib (Brumby et al., 2004) sdt (Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2003) l(2)gl23S9 CycE (Brumby et al., 2004) l(2)gl27S3 CycE (Brumby et al., 2004) scrib (Brumby et al., 2004) l(2)gl275 crb (Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2003) sdt (Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2003) l(2)gl01433 crb (Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2003) l(2)glE2S31 CycE (Brumby et al., 2004) scrib (Brumby et al., 2004) l(2)glE6S2 CycE (Brumby et al., 2004) l(2)glts3 dpp (Arquier et al., 2001) ecd (Manfruelli et al., 1996) numb (Ohshiro et al., 2000) l(2)glunspecified N (Justice et al., 2003) scrib (Bilder et al., 2000) unspecified aPKC (Rolls et al., 2003, Lee et al., 2006) nuf (Emery et al., 2005) zip (Ohshiro et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59421 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0002121 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0002121 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33156
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (46) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG65QHZJ Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6P5KJ3 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6MPGK0 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6GTHTS Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG63846N
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG65QHZJ)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\l(2)gl     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD22996 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16707 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24690 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE16527 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF14872 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\l(2)gl Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL13933 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK24602 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ16212 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI16268 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11726 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6P5KJ3)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009932   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004483   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ002781
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6MPGK0)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB55164   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG009405   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17117   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP12147   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21402   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17455   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH11758   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB10134   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB22634   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10685   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10681   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI005048   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005570   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM383750   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC015986
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6GTHTS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_323689
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG63846N)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\F56F10.4   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_013268gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_015544gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\llgl2   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\llgl1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\llgl1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\llgl2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\LLGL1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\LLGL2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000020536   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Llgl2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Llgl1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Llgl2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000073350   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\LLGL1
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000073350     Hsap\LLGL1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD22996 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16707 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24690 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE16527 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF14872 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\l(2)gl Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL13933 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK24602 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ16212 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI16268 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH11726
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 21 )
Bloomington	36289 l(2)gl4 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO 36290 l(2)gl4 ykiB5/CyO 31089 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01553}attP2 31517 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01073}attP2 38989 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HMS01905}attP40 41561 w*; l(2)gl27S3 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO 35773 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01522}attP2
Harvard	- PBac{PB}l(2)glc07179 - PBac{WH}l(2)glf02181
Kyoto	101429 l(2)gl314 / Cy*
VDRC	v51247 w1118; P{GD4047}v51247 v51249 w1118; P{GD4047}v51249
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR09J20 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 95 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD06034 RE31203 RE74125
Other clones	DPiM_LD06034
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM03745 LD01253 LD02891 LD02961 LD13750 LD18427 LD19905 RE03050 RE07238 RE14358 RE20720 RE21940 RE25541 RE30676 RE35478 RE35939 RE36280 RE36596 RE44713 RE49838 RE56288 RE60666 RE63146 RE63494 RE67213 SD08766
Other clones	EC054122 EC054630 EC054634 EK013946 EK020321 EK032138 EK041522 EK068852 EK073412 EK075231 EK084337 EK093352 EK109126 EK118146 EK122433 EK125831 EK130156 EK133322 EK133340 EK135608 EK140422 EK155640 EK168554 EK185010 EK185551 EK191441 EK196250 EK200563 EK214432 EK215844 EK223354 EK224623 EK227714 EK233640 EK235163 EK235564 EK236833 EK238962 EK245760 EK252030 EK255459 EK272210 EK274110 EK296127 EK302054 EK307416 EP05635 EP06550 EP07736 EP07850 EP08322 EP11028 EP12042 RP003078519 RP003122657 RP003288127 RP003309815 RP003508093 RP004058176 RP004071438 RP004120386 RP004244084 RP004308257 RP004482337 RP004525715
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0002121 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33156
Antibody Information
	monoclonal (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) polyclonal antibody, raised against the C-terminal peptide 1146-DNKIGTPKTAPEESQF-1161 (Szafranski and Goode, 2004)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: l(2)gl CG2671 (Kodira, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	A high incidence of mutant alleles found in natural populations in the Soviet Union (Golubovsky and Sokolova, 1973). Most tested alleles are molecular deficiencies with one breakpoint distal to the origin of the 40 kb walk and the other as indicated in allele list. Only l(2)gl52, which has a 10 kb insertion, and l(2)gl275, in which 7.9 kb have been deleted and replaced by an insert of 6.5 kb, are exceptions.
Other Comments
	Second chromosome stocks often contain second-site deletions uncovering l(2)gl, the high frequency probably being due to the fact that l(2)gl is the second protein coding gene downstream of the subtelomeric region of chromosome 2L. (Roegiers et al., 2009) l(2)gl-induced metastases express both neuronal (elav) and glial cell (repo) type markers. (Beaucher et al., 2007) Loss of l(2)gl in larvae causes neoplastic brain tumors. Fragments of brat brain tumours transplanted into adult hosts over-proliferate and kill their hosts within 2 weeks. (Beaucher et al., 2007) Overexpression of l(2)gl in D.melanogaster males results in paternal-effect lethality that mimics the fertilisation defects associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) caused by Wolbachia infection. (Clark et al., 2006) The l(2)gl product regulates the membrane localization of the spdo protein. (Roegiers et al., 2005) l(2)gl promotes cortical localisation of mira. (Betschinger et al., 2003) Phosphorylation of l(2)gl by aPKC at the apical neuroblast cortex restricts l(2)gl activity and mira localisation to the opposite, basal side of the cell in embryonic neuroblasts. (Betschinger et al., 2003) l(2)gl acts together with numb in N inhibition and cell fate specification in the adult sensory organ precursor lineage. (Justice et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation. (Rogers et al., 2003) l(2)gl is required downstream of dpp for the specification of dorsal epidermis. (Arquier et al., 2001) The l(2)gl and dlg1 products act in a common process that differentially mediates cortical protein targeting in mitotic neuroblasts, creating intrinsic differences between daughter cells. (Ohshiro et al., 2000) l(2)gl protein is uniformly cortical and interact with several types of myosin to localise neuroblast fate determinants. (Ohshiro et al., 2000) The l(2)gl and dlg1 gene products regulate basal protein targeting, but not apical complex formation or spindle orientation, in both embryonic and larval neuroblasts. The l(2)gl and dlg1 proteins promote, and that of zip inhibits, actomyosin dependent basal protein targeting in neuroblasts. (Peng et al., 2000) l(2)gl plays a critical role at the onset of vitellogenesis and regulates growth of the oocyte, follicle cell migration and organisation and germline cell viability. (de Lorenzo et al., 1999) S.cerevisiae Scer\SRO7 Scer\SRO77 double mutants are partially functionally complemented by l(2)gl. S.cerevisiae Scer\SRO7 single mutants show slight complementation by l(2)gl. (Larsson et al., 1998) Genetic analysis of l(2)gl reveal function is required during embryonic and post-embryonic development to maintain the normal developmental capacity. (Baek and Hanratty, 1997) Some of the proteins of apico-lateral junctions are required both for apico-basal cell polarity and for the signalling mechanisms controlling cell proliferation, whereas others are required more specifically in cell-cell signalling. (Woods et al., 1997) l(2)gl function is required for proper development during early embryogenesis. (Baek and Hanratty, 1996) p127 protein of l(2)gl is able to build quaternary structures forming a network with which other proteins associate. As revealed by the tumorous phenotype, organisation of the p127 network and its association with other proteins plays critical roles in the control of cell proliferation. (Jakobs et al., 1996) A serine kinase is tightly associated with l(2)gl. Activation of the serine kinase results in the disassociation of zip from the l(2)gl complex without affecting the homo-oligomerisation of l(2)gl. (Kalmes et al., 1996) The l(2)gl product is required in vivo in different types of epithelial cells to control their shape during development. (Manfruelli et al., 1996) l(2)gl encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is required in aspects of Abl-dependent axonogenesis. (Saha and Sinha, 1996) Mosaic analysis of l(2)gl mutants suggests a role for l(2)gl in cell-cell signaling and interactions. (Agrawal et al., 1995) The p127 protein of the l(2)gl gene is a component of a cytoskeletal network when complexed with a nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain protein, zip. Partial disruption of this complex causes l(2)gl gene inactivation and neoplastic transformation. (Merdes et al., 1995) l(2)gl p127 protein is a component of a cytoskeletal network extending in the cytoplasm and/or underlaying the inner face of the plasma membrane in a variety of cells and tissues. (Strand et al., 1995) Mutants display a brain and imaginal disc neoplastic phenotype. (Mechler, 1994) Mutations in l(2)gl cause malignant tumours in the brain and imaginal discs and generate developmental defects in a number of other tissues. Cellular and subcellular localisation of the protein to the cytoplasm and the inner face of the lateral cell membrane suggests that changes in cell shape and the loss of apical-basal polarity observed in tumorous tissues are a direct result of alterations in the cytoskeleton organisation caused by l(2)gl inactivation. Results also suggest the protein is involved in a cytoskeletal-based intercellular communication system directing cell differentiation. (Strand et al., 1994) The structure of the cytosolic form of l(2)gl protein confirms that the protein is a component of the cytoskeletal network including myosin and suggests that the neoplastic transformation resulting from l(2)gl gene inactivation may be caused by the partial disruption of this network. (Strand et al., 1994) When l(2)gl mutant brains are transplanted into wild-type adult hosts they can develop into enormous tumors. Using antibodies against the human 72kD type IV collagenase (differentially expressed in metastatic tumors), a cross reacting gelatinase of 49kD has been identified which is increased in l(2)gl mutant vs wild-type brains. Tumor cells that invade host tissues express Gelatinase, suggesting that the metastasis of Drosophila cells is similar to the metastasis of some human tumors at the biochemical as well as the cellular level. (Woodhouse et al., 1994) awd function is required for brain tumour formation or proliferation in l(2)gl mutants. Mutant l(2)gl induced neuroblastomas are invasive and mutants have an increased proportion of awd expressing cells in the brain. (Timmons et al., 1993) The highly divergent cis-regulatory elements of Dpse\l(2)gl can be fully recognized in D.melanogaster and lead to the synthesis of a transgenic protein that has enough specificity conserved for replacing the tumor-suppressor function normally fulfilled by the D.melanogaster l(2)gl protein. (Torok et al., 1993) Fas3, mys, disco, zip, l(2)gl, N and Egfr mutants show an additive phenotype in combination with Fas1TE89Da. (Elkins et al., 1990) Neoplastic growth takes place in clones of cells that have lost l(2)gl in the preblastoderm syncytial embryos prior to any l(2)gl expression. Clones produced at the embryonic stages do not display the neoplastic phenotype and clones that arise in the larval stages show near normal or normal development. This analysis demonstrates the critical period for the establishment of tumorigenesis occurs during early embryogenesis at a time when l(2)gl expression is most intense in all cells. P-element transformation of l(2)gl deletion derivatives identify the essential domains. (Merz et al., 1990) The transcription patterns of Abl, R, Ras85D and Src64B were analyzed in neuroblasts derived from tumerous larval brain of l(2)gl larvae and S2 tissue culture cells. (Kimchie et al., 1989) Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the l(2)gl protein and distribution patterns demonstrate that the l(2)gl protein is involved in proliferation arrest of cells. (Klaembt and Schmidt, 1986) l(2)gl has been cloned and the temporal pattern of RNA expression analysed. (Mechler et al., 1985) The phenotype of a number of homozygous and transheterozygous l(2)gl mutants has been studied. (Sokolova and Golubovsky, 1979) The viability of 7 l(2)gl alleles in heterozygotes has been studied at different temperatures. At 25oC, viability of the heterozygotes is reduced, but at low (12, 17oC) and high (29-30oC) temperatures the heterozygotes have a considerable advantage compared to wild-type. (Sokolova and Golubovsky, 1979) Homozygotes undergo embryogenesis and the first three larval instars; larvae reach normal maximum size; then for some alleles most homozygotes fail to pupate, becoming bloated and 1.5-2 times normal size, whereas for others the majority form prepupae but fail to progress into morphogenesis. Ring gland small and appears immature in third instar larvae (Scharrer and Hadorn, 1938); third instar l(2)gl larvae implanted with a normal ring gland pupate but do not metamorphose; injection of ecdysone elicits the same result (Karlson and Hanser, 1952); thus a deficiency of hormones from the ring gland is probably one, but not the only, result of l(2)gl. Homozygotes that die as prepupae have underdeveloped corpora allata and prothoracic glands, whereas larval lethals have underdeveloped prothoracic glands but normal corpora allata (Korochkina and Nazarova, 1977). Prothoracic glands contain approximately 1% the normal quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Aggarwal and King, 1969). Alleles range from 98% larval and 2% pupal death to 18% larval and 82% pupal death (Gateff, Golubovsky and Sokolova, 1977). In the most extreme phenotypes, the larval brain and optic lobes become enlarged and disorganized and the imaginal discs large and clumped; when discs of such larvae are transplanted into wild-type-female abdomens, they form large contained tumors, whereas transplanted optic primordia from larval brains form invasive neuroblastomas, which grow rapidly, killing the host within 7-14 days; they can be serially cultured in adult abdomens (Gateff and Schneiderman, 1974). These observations have led to l(2)gl's being designated a Drosophila oncogene. Intermediate alleles exhibit moderately enlarged brain and discs, which show enhanced growth when transplanted into wild-type females and death of host is delayed. In weak alleles the brain and discs are small and rudimentary and grow slowly in transplants. One allele (l(2)gl558) normal in disc morphology and behavior in transplants. The lethal phase is not well correlated with the phenotypic expression. Most abundant transcription noted in early (0-6 h) embryos and late third instar larvae, with the smaller transcript more abundant in embryos and the larger in larvae (Mechler, McGinnis and Gehring, 1985). Immunocytochemistry shows localization of l(2)gl product at cell surfaces, specifically at the interfaces between proliferating cells (Klambt and Schmidt, 1986; Klambt, Muller, Lutzelschwab, Rossa, Totzke and Schmid; Lutzelschwab, Klambt, Rossa and Schmidt, 1987). During later embryogenesis relatively high amounts of l(2)gl protein is detected in pole cells and cells of the developing nervous system; specifically neurons in the peripheral nervous system undergoing axogenesis express the protein. Monoclonal antibodies specifically stain junctions between mammalian cells in culture as though they are recognizing either membrane or intercellular-matrix proteins (Klambt et al., 1989). Ten-to-eleven-day-old larvae homozygous for larval-lethal alleles exhibit remarkably few puff sites, only 63BC and occasionally 88D and 89B; however, heat shock induced puffs develop normally (Ashburner, 1970). Homozygotes able to form prepupae exhibit more nearly normal puffing patterns; puffing in response to administration of ecdysone also appears normal (Richards, 1976).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078715 NM_164348 NM_164349 NM_164350 NM_164351 NM_164352 NM_001258872 NM_001258873 NM_001258874 NM_001258875 NM_001272858 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523439 NP_722583 NP_722584 NP_722585 NP_722586 NP_722587 NP_001245801 NP_001245802 NP_001245803 NP_001245804 NP_001259787 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA246243 AAA28671 AAA28672 AAF51570 AAG22255 AAG22256 AAK93078 AAN10501 AAN10502 AAN10503 AFH03478 AFH03479 AFH03480 AFH03481 AGB92324 AW942062 AY051654 BH809482 CAA29007 CZ471313 CZ482024 CZ484691 M17022 X05426 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 33156 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P08111
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) Lethal(2) giant larvae protein (IPR000664) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) Lethal giant larvae homologue 2 (IPR013577) Lethal giant larvae (Lgl)-like, C-terminal (IPR013905) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • PC00404
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59421 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0002121 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0002121 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0002121 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002121 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2671-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0002121 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33156 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/lethl2g1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33156 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0002121
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 36 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG2671 (Whitfield, 2000.4.28, Rogers et al., 2003, Ni et al., 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) dlgl (Zarnescu et al., 2005, Zarnescu et al., 2004, Zarnescu et al., 2005) D-LGL (Bresnick, 1999) gl (Szabad, 1998) l(2) (Civetta and Singh, 1998) l(2) giant larva (Cereijido et al., 2003) l(2)giant larvae (Potter et al., 2000) L(2)GL (Lloyd et al., 2000) l(2)gl (Wodarz and Gonzalez, 2006, Clark et al., 2006, Emery et al., 2005, Flatt et al., 2005, Doheny et al., 2008, Grifoni et al., 2004, Farkas et al., 2007, Haigh and Lloyd, 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Reed et al., 2008, Farkas and Mechler, 2000, Frydrychova et al., 2007, Farkaš et al., 2011, Dworkin et al., 2009, Parrish et al., 2009, Karbowniczek et al., 2010, Bina et al., 2010, Xi et al., 2008, Froldi et al., 2010, Grifoni et al., 2004, Kaplan et al., 2009, Dubatolova et al., 2010, Dubatolova et al., 2010, Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Guilgur et al., 2012, Weber et al., 2012) L(2)gl (Page et al., 2005) l2gl (Ryerse and Nagel, 1984) Lgl (Wei et al., 2004, Mayer et al., 2005, Sanchez-Soriano et al., 2005, Dollar et al., 2005, Langevin et al., 2005, Rolls et al., 2003, Betschinger et al., 2005, Kiehart, 2003, Barros et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003, Wu and Beitel, 2004, Georgiou et al., 2005, Hutterer et al., 2003, Knoblich et al., 2003, Macara, 2004, Mueller and Bossinger, 2003, Bilder, 2003, Henrique and Schweisguth, 2003, Tuxworth and Chia, 2003, Betschinger et al., 2003, Knust and Bossinger, 2002, Goode and Szafranski, 2003, Leventis et al., 2001, Bilder, 2001, Wang et al., 2006, Le Bivic, 2005, Szafranski and Goode, 2006, Tian and Deng, 2007, Grifoni et al., 2007, Zarnescu et al., 2007, Budde, 2005, Budde, 2005, Wiggin et al., 2005, Solecki et al., 2006, He and Axelrod, 2006, Swanson and Beitel, 2006, Leibfried et al., 2007, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2007, Qian and Prehoda, 2006, Somers and Chia, 2005, Suzuki and Ohno, 2006, Coumailleau et al., 2009, Gervais et al., 2008, Leibfried et al., 2008, Tian and Deng, 2009, Woolworth et al., 2009, Denef et al., 2008, Doerflinger et al., 2010, Tamori et al., 2010, Duchi et al., 2010, Grifoni et al., 2007, Neumüller et al., 2012, Guilgur et al., 2012) lgl (Zhao et al., 2008, Hutterer et al., 2004, Lee et al., 2006, Rolls et al., 2003, Coffman, 2004, Broadie and Pan, 2005, Beaucher et al., 2005, Betschinger and Knoblich, 2004, Roegiers and Jan, 2004, Pal et al., 2005, Goode et al., 2005, Bilder, 2004, Szafranski and Goode, 2004, Grifoni et al., 2003, Horton and Ehlers, 2003, Bardin et al., 2004, Pagliarini and Xu, 2003, Bach et al., 2003, Llimargas et al., 2004, Gibson and Perrimon, 2003, Lee et al., 2004, Grifoni et al., 2004, Beaucher et al., 2004, Amin et al., 2004, Wodarz and Huttner, 2003, Doe and Bowerman, 2001, Justice and Jan, 2003, Johnson and Wodarz, 2003, Bilder et al., 2003, Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2003, Albertson and Doe, 2003, Petritsch et al., 2003, Medina et al., 2002, Humbert et al., 2003, Cereijido et al., 2003, Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2003, Justice et al., 2003, Chia and Yang, 2002, Greaves, 2001, Doe, 2001, Caruana, 2002, Nelson, 2003, Schaefer and Knoblich, 2001, Muller, 2003, Wedlich, 2002, Beaucher et al., 2003, Roegiers et al., 2003, Zelhof et al., 2001, Deng et al., 2001, Johnston and Gallant, 2002, Tepass et al., 2001, Goodliffe et al., 2001, Luxenberg et al., 2001, Bilder, 2001, Tanentzapf and Tepass, 2001, Ohshiro et al., 2001, Peng et al., 2000, Ohshiro et al., 2000, Zahraoui et al., 2000, Greaves, 2000, Wodarz, 2000, Peifer, 2000, Muller, 2000, Bilder et al., 2000, Turenchalk et al., 1999, Bilder et al., 1999, Bilder and Perrimon, 1999, Kondo, 1998, Woodhouse et al., 1998, Bryant, 1993, Woods et al., 1997, Saha and Sinha, 1996, Gateff, 1994, Caggese et al., 1994, Karakin et al., 1993, Woodhouse et al., 1994, Sokolova and Golubovsky, 1979, Skaer, 1993, Woods and Bryant, 1992, Szabad et al., 1991, Bryant and Schmidt, 1990, Sokolova and Golubovsky, 1979, Sokolova and Golubovsky, 1979, Korochkina et al., 1975, Richardson et al., 2005, Zhao et al., 2006, Pinter and Zarnescu, 2006, Denef et al., 2006, Wirtz-Peitz and Knoblich, 2006, Humbert et al., 2006, Djiane et al., 2005, Tyler et al., 2007, Zarnescu et al., 2007, Betschinger et al., 2006, Fletcher et al., 2012, Guthridge et al., 2007, Grifoni et al., 2007, Grzeschik et al., 2007, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Roegiers et al., 2005, Chia et al., 2008, Yamamoto et al., 2008, Beaucher et al., 2007, Szafranski and Goode, 2007, Menut et al., 2007, Li et al., 2011, Menshchikova et al., 2010, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Omelyanchuk and Pertseva, 2010, Laprise et al., 2006, Bowman et al., 2008, Vaccari et al., 2008, Grzeschik et al., 2007, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Slack et al., 2007, Tian and Deng, 2008, Beaucher et al., 2007, Castellanos et al., 2008, Georgiou et al., 2008, Blankenship et al., 2007, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Mao and Freeman, 2009, Rhiner et al., 2009, Yamamoto et al., 2009.2.25, Roegiers et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2009, Srivastava et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2009, Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Courbard et al., 2009, Igaki et al., 2006, Igaki et al., 2006, Ogawa et al., 2009, Parrish et al., 2009, Song and Lu, 2012, Gilbert et al., 2009, Gilbert et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Laprise et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2006, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Robinson et al., 2010, Tong et al., 2010, Li et al., 2008, Walther and Pichaud, 2010, Froldi et al., 2010, Menéndez et al., 2010, Fichelson et al., 2010, Simone and DiNardo, 2010, Bahri et al., 2010, Krahn et al., 2010, Janic et al., 2010, Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010, Grifoni et al., 2004, Dow et al., 2003, Zeng et al., 2010, Kaplan et al., 2009, Portela et al., 2010, Chang et al., 2010, Letizia et al., 2011, Pastor-Pareja et al., 2008, Colosimo et al., 2010, Weisman and Golubovsky, 2008, Izumi et al., 2012, Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Haenfler et al., 2012, Justiniano et al., 2012) LGL (Rosin et al., 2004, Kramer, 2000, Morrison and Kimble, 2006, Margolis and Borg, 2005, Lin, 2008) l-gl (Lewis, 1945) MENE (2L)-B (Menut et al., 2007) p127 (Farkas and Mechler, 2000, Li et al., 1999, Farkas et al., 1998, de Lorenzo et al., 1998, Farkas and Mechler, 2000) p127l(2)gl (Farkaš et al., 2011) p127l(2)gl (Farkas et al., 2005, Farkas et al., 2003)
Name Synonym	Complementation group 2.1 (Brumby et al., 2004) l(2) giant larvae (Harbison et al., 2005) lethal-2-giant larvae (Grzeschik et al., 2007) Lethal (2) giant larva (Lin, 2008) lethal(2)giant larvae (Noselli and Agnes, 1999, Larsson et al., 1998, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Farkas and Mechler, 2000, Li et al., 2009, Li et al., 2008, Weber et al., 2012) lethal (2) giant larvae (Flatt et al., 2005, Omelyanchuk and Pertseva, 2010, Ogawa et al., 2009, Justiniano et al., 2012) Lethal (2) giant larvae (Rogers et al., 2003, Suzuki and Ohno, 2006, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Tian and Deng, 2008, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Robinson et al., 2010) lethal(2) giant larvae (Li et al., 2011) lethal(2)-giant larvae (Menshchikova et al., 2010) lethal giant larva (Potter and Xu, 2001) lethal giant larvae (Zhao et al., 2008, Rodriguez-Boulan et al., 2004, Polesello and Payre, 2004, Baas et al., 2004, Celniker, 2000, Beaucher et al., 2005, Roegiers and Jan, 2004, Humbert et al., 2003, Muller, 2003, Wedlich, 2002, Zarnescu et al., 2007, He and Axelrod, 2006, Margolis and Borg, 2005, Chia et al., 2008, Beaucher et al., 2007, Roegiers et al., 2009, Song and Lu, 2012, Laprise et al., 2010, Tong et al., 2010, Walther and Pichaud, 2010, Tamori et al., 2010, Karbowniczek et al., 2010, Froldi et al., 2010, Menéndez et al., 2010, Fichelson et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2009, Janic et al., 2010, Grifoni et al., 2004, Dow et al., 2003, Letizia et al., 2011, Reddy and Irvine, 2011) Lethal Giant Larvae (Wu and Beitel, 2004, Swanson and Beitel, 2006) lethal-giant-larvae   Lethal giant larvae (Grifoni et al., 2007, Beaucher et al., 2007, Blankenship et al., 2007, Denef et al., 2008, Simone and DiNardo, 2010, Bahri et al., 2010, Kaplan et al., 2009) Lethal-giant-larvae (Szafranski and Goode, 2007) lethal- giant-larvae (Portela et al., 2010) lethal giant larve (Zhao et al., 2005)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 450 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 450 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 229 ) Supplementary material  ( 10 ) Review  ( 98 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 87 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 3 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Book review  ( 1 ) Interview  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 19 )
	Dekanty et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(50): 20549--20554 Aneuploidy-induced delaminating cells drive tumorigenesis in Drosophila epithelia. [FBrf0220285] Fletcher et al., 2012, Curr. Biol. 22(12): 1116--1122 Positive feedback and mutual antagonism combine to polarize crumbs in the Drosophila follicle cell epithelium. [FBrf0218646] Graybill et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(25): 21003--21011 Partitioning-defective protein 6 (Par-6) activates atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) by pseudosubstrate displacement. [FBrf0219298] Guilgur et al., 2012, Development 139(3): 503--513 Drosophila aPKC is required for mitotic spindle orientation during symmetric division of epithelial cells. [FBrf0217157] Haenfler et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 365(1): 219--228 Cortical aPKC kinase activity distinguishes neural stem cells from progenitor cells by ensuring asymmetric segregation of Numb. [FBrf0218950] Izumi et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(20): 4923--4933 A novel protein complex, Mesh-Ssk, is required for septate junction formation in the Drosophila midgut. [FBrf0220284] Justiniano et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(2): e31417 Loss of the Tumor Suppressor Pten Promotes Proliferation of Drosophila melanogaster Cells In Vitro and Gives Rise to Continuous Cell Lines. [FBrf0217611] Lolo et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(3): 526--539 Cell competition time line: winners kill losers, which are extruded and engulfed by hemocytes. [FBrf0220993] Neumüller et al., 2012, Genetics 190(3): 931--940 Stringent analysis of gene function and protein-protein interactions using fluorescently tagged genes. [FBrf0217811] Rodrigues et al., 2012, Development 139(21): 4051--4061 Activated STAT regulates growth and induces competitive interactions independently of Myc, Yorkie, Wingless and ribosome biogenesis. [FBrf0219660] Song and Lu, 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(21): 17716--17728 Interaction of Notch Signaling Modulator Numb with α-Adaptin Regulates Endocytosis of Notch Pathway Components and Cell Fate Determination of Neural Stem Cells. [FBrf0218342] Tan et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(3): 393--405 Genetic screen for regulators of lymph gland homeostasis and hemocyte maturation in Drosophila. [FBrf0217733] Wandler and Guillemin, 2012, PLoS Pathog. 8(10): e1002939 Transgenic Expression of the Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor CagA Promotes Apoptosis or Tumorigenesis through JNK Activation in Drosophila. [FBrf0219744] Weber et al., 2012, Genetics 191(1): 145--162 Novel regulators of planar cell polarity: a genetic analysis in Drosophila. [FBrf0218210] Farkaš et al., 2011, Nucleus 2(5): 489--499 Cytoskeletal proteins regulate chromatin access of BR-C transcription factor and Rpd3-Sin3A histone deacetylase complex in Drosophila salivary glands. [FBrf0216501] Letizia et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(2): 240--251 Regulated Crb accumulation controls apical constriction and invagination in Drosophila tracheal cells. [FBrf0212559] Li et al., 2011, Fly 5(2): 81--87 Requirements of Lgl in cell differentiation and motility during Drosophila ovarian follicular epithelium morphogenesis. [FBrf0213760] Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Development 138(23): 5201--5212 Regulation of Drosophila glial cell proliferation by Merlin-Hippo signaling. [FBrf0216584] Sun and Irvine, 2011, Dev. Biol. 350(1): 139--151 Regulation of Hippo signaling by Jun kinase signaling during compensatory cell proliferation and regeneration, and in neoplastic tumors. [FBrf0212753] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...